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daNDin’s pUrvapIThikA of dasha-kumAra-charitra
Posted on April 22, 2006 by mAnasa-taraMgiNI
The 3rd stride of viShNu as well as his snake is the enduring Hindus symbol of the
axis that precesses with the passage of kAla or time. Right from the R^igveda this
axial role of viShNu is at the fore in all conceptions of him. We have alluded to
this a few times before, see: snake of viShNu, the Finnish epic, and more obliquely
in fall of praHlAda. The element of the axis and its precession is very much a part
of the “core mythology” of viShNu: 1) the horn of matsya- the new axis being
provided for the world after its shift due to precession. 2) The mandAra mountain
as the staff for the churning of the world ocean being borne by viShNu on his back
in the form of kUrma. 3) varAha raising the “world plane” with his tusks- the world
plane being the equatorial circle intersecting the ecliptic. It had sunk because
the precession had pushed the old intersection with the ecliptic below the plane.
4) nR^isimha emerging by shattering the pillar- the old axis is broken by the flow
of time by precession. 5) trivikrama with his three steps stabilizes the new world
plane (equatorial circle), the ecliptic’s high point (step 2) and the precessing
axis (step 3). It is in this context that the great R^ikSha jAmbavant is described
as circumambulating trivikrama as he took his great strides. This represents the
new axis being established and the constellation of the Great Bear (represented as
the bear jAmbavant) making a circle of the north celestial pole. Indeed viShNu
himself is identified with the constellation of the shishumAra or Draco associated
with the old north pole from earlier period of Aryan memory. As the knowledge of
precession is very subtle (even alluded in the opening of the maitrayaNi brAhmaNa
fragment by shAkAyanya who was well aware of these matters) the third step of
viShNu is secret and was only know to the great kavi-s.

In Indian architecture its depicted more directly on many occasions, but more
subtly in the great iron pillar of the guptas. Before the iron pillar was uprooted
by the Mohammedans and placed in the vicinity of their giant phallic signpost at
Delhi, it graced the now derilict Hindu astronomical observatory at the viShNupAda-
giri in the udayagiri complex. The iron pillar (as shown by Balasubramanian) was
graced by a nakShatra-chakra on the top and was known as the viShNu dhvaja–
depicting the great axis in front of the observatory located atop the hill. Thus,
in the immortal pillar did chandragupta II vikramAditya, one of the greatest rulers
of bhArata commemorate the step of viShNu and and world axis.

This was also very much in the mind of daNDin when he composed his pUrva pIThikA:

brahmANDa Chatra daNDaH

shata-dhR^iti bhavanAmbho-ruho nAladaNDaH
kShoNI-naukUpa daNDaH
kSharad-amara-sarit-paTTikA-ketu-daNDaH
jyotish-chakrAkSha daNDas-
tribhuvana vijayastambho .a~Nghri daNDaH
shreyas-traivikramas te vitaratu vibudha dveSiNAM kAla daNDaH ||

The rod of the umbrella cap of the universe,

the reed stock for the lotus seat of the one of 100 sacrifices,
the mast rod of the ship that is the earth
the rod for banner, that is the heavenly stream (the Milky Way),
the axis of the rotating star-wheel,
the rod that is the victory pillar of the 3 worlds, may the foot [of viShNu] favor
you,
the rod that is the leg of trivikrama with which he strode to conquer the 3 worlds,
is the rod of time (death) to the enemies of the devas.

Recall the R^igveda: atha abravId vR^itraM indro haniShyan | sakhe viShNo vitaraM
vi kramasva ||

Indra spoke as he set out to slay vitra: “friend viShNu stride widely”. In the
Germanic world likewise we have the cognate of viShNu, viDAr (=vitaraM; compare
with viShNu=wide) taking his 3 steps before killing the Fenris wolf and the time of
the world-end chaos or the rAgnarok. daNDin of Kanchipuram was remembering a very
ancient motif and artfully weaving his own name into the pUrvapIThikA of dasha-
kumAra-charitra, a literary work beyond compare. The whole work does not survive in
its original. While I am told a medieval Telugu translation was made I am not much
aware of it to say if it preserves more of the original.

Balasubramanian and Dass paper on the iron pillar: a must read.

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Related
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A brief note on prahlAda, hiraNyakashipu and an early nArasiMhAkhyAna
In "Heathen thought"
This entry was posted in Heathen thought. Bookmark the permalink.
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