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This literature review summarizes several studies on the use of copper slag as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Some key findings include:
- Compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths generally increase with copper slag replacements of up to 40%, but decrease with replacements over 40%.
- Up to 10% replacement of cement with silica fume also increases strengths, but strengths decrease with replacements over 10%.
- Flexural, tensile, and compressive strengths increase by up to 60% with additions of 1-5% glass fibers.
- Density and workability increase with higher copper slag replacements, up to 40-50% replacements maintaining or improving on control mix strengths.
This literature review summarizes several studies on the use of copper slag as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Some key findings include:
- Compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths generally increase with copper slag replacements of up to 40%, but decrease with replacements over 40%.
- Up to 10% replacement of cement with silica fume also increases strengths, but strengths decrease with replacements over 10%.
- Flexural, tensile, and compressive strengths increase by up to 60% with additions of 1-5% glass fibers.
- Density and workability increase with higher copper slag replacements, up to 40-50% replacements maintaining or improving on control mix strengths.
This literature review summarizes several studies on the use of copper slag as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Some key findings include:
- Compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths generally increase with copper slag replacements of up to 40%, but decrease with replacements over 40%.
- Up to 10% replacement of cement with silica fume also increases strengths, but strengths decrease with replacements over 10%.
- Flexural, tensile, and compressive strengths increase by up to 60% with additions of 1-5% glass fibers.
- Density and workability increase with higher copper slag replacements, up to 40-50% replacements maintaining or improving on control mix strengths.
Abdullah Anwar , Syed Aqeel Ahamad has investigated the strength
behaviour of concrete by partial replacement of fine aggregate with copper slag and cement with silica fume. Concluded that compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength increases up to 40% replacement of copper slag beyond 40% the strength get decreased and up to 10% replacement of silica fume the strength increases and beyond 10% of silica fume strength decreased. (Abdullah anwar, 2018) Vishal.E, Jai Shankar. P carried out a research on influence of glass fibre on high performance concrete and concluded that flexural strength, tensile strength, and compressive strength increases gradually rom 1% to 5%. As result flexural strength, tensile strength, compressive strength at 5% addition of glass fibres increases as 60.38%,12.94% and 12.93%. (Vishal.E, 2014) Tamil Selvi P, Lakshmi Narayani P and Ramya G studied for strength properties, durability characteristics and effect of copper slag as replacement of fine aggregate and from their results and conclusion replacement of copper slag increase the density of the concrete which increases the self-weight and workability of concrete increases in the copper slag replacement. From the result strength characteristics of concrete shown higher values at 40% replacement of fine aggregate using copper slag. (Tamil Selvi P, 2014) M. V. Patil has studied the properties and effects of copper slag in concrete and his investigation was carried out by using copper slag as partial replacement of sand and results that maximum compressive strength of concrete increased by 34% at 20% replacement of fine aggregate and up to 80% replacement, concrete gain more strength than normal concrete. And flexural strength increased up to 14% on 30% replacement. As the percentage increases density of concrete increases. (PATIL, 2015) Khalifa S. Al-Jabri, Makoto Hisada, Salem K. Al-Oraimi, Abdullah H. Al- Saidy made on experiment high performance concrete in which sand is replaced by copper slag and his experiment results that addition of up to 50% of copper slag as sand replacement yielded comparable strength with that of control mix. However, further addition reduces the strength due to free water content. There was a decrease in surface water absorption as copper slag quantity increased up to 40% replacement. The experiment concluded that 40% of copper slag replacement is recommended for high performance concrete. (Khalifa S. Al- Jabri, 2009) S.Geetha and Selvakumar Madhavan had made on investigation on High performance concrete with copper slag for Marine Environment. They concluded that copper slag finds a potential application in concrete for marine application there was increase in compressive strength, flexural strength and reduction in sorptivity and chloride ion penetration values. (Madhavan, 2017) P.R.Kannan Rajkumar, M.Rahul, P.T.Ravichandran studied for the characteristic of High Performance hybrid reinforced concrete using copper slag as fine aggregate. Their study focus on the effect on the mechanical characteristics of high performance concrete upon the utilization of copper slag in order to replace the fine aggregate and the addition of micro steel, hooked steel and polyester fibres in hybrid form with 1.0-1.25% to the total volume of concrete is found to be beneficial to the concrete. From the test results the concrete with 50% of its fine aggregate replaced with copper slag shows the better results; improved performance in compressive, split tensile, flexural strength, toughness and ductility. The addition of micro steel and hooked steel in the concrete produced a concrete of lower water absorption percentage. (P. R. Kannan Rajkumar, 2018)
Zine Kiran Sambhaji, Prof.Pankaj B. Autade made an extensive study using
copper slag has been carried out to investigate strength, workability and durability. From the test results for M25 grade of concrete for 50% replacement of coper slag show the High Performance Concrete characteristics and it is observed that, the workability of concrete increased with the increase in copper slag content of fine aggregate replacements at the same water-cement ratio. (Zine Kiran Sambhaji, june- 2016) Abhisheka H Honnakkalavar, Mohammed Asif, Shivaleela F Kallaganad, Vinay R, Ganesh S R, B Shivakumar made
A Comparative Study of Mechanical Properties of Zinc Acrylate Epoxy nanocomposites Reinforced by AL2O3 and Cloisite®30B and Their Mixture: Tensile Strength and Fracture Toughness: A Comparative Study of Mechanical Properties of Zinc Acrylate Epoxy nanocomposites Reinforced by AL2O3 and Cloisite®30B and Their Mixture: Tensile Strength and Fracture Toughness