BUILDING DRAINAGE

SANITARY SYSTEM
 BUILDING SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

 TWO-PIPE SYSTEM - INDPENDENT STACKS FOR

SOIL AND WASTE WATER WITH ASP.
 ONE-PIPE SYSTEM- COMBINED STACK FOR
SOIL AND WASTE WATER WITH ANTI
SIPHONAGE PIPE.
 SINGLE STACK SYSTEM- COMBINED STACK
FOR SOIL AND WASTE WATER WITH OUT ANTI
SIPHONAGE PIPE.
 SINGLE STACK(PARTIALLY VENTILATED)
SYSTEM- VIA MEDIA BETWEEN ONE PIPE AND
SINGLE STACK. ONLY SOIL TRAPS ARE
VENTILATED.
TWO PIPE SYSTEM
ONE PIPE SYSTEM
SINGLE STACK SYSTEM
 CHOICE OF PLUMBING SYSTEM
AS PER SP:35 (S&T)-1987
 TWO PIPE SYSTEM IS AGE OLD AND SAFE SYSTEM.
ADVANTAGEOUS WHERE WASTE WATER IS RECYCLED FOR USE IN
GARDENING ETC. NOT RELEVANT IN THE CASE OF JAYPEE
GREENS.
 REASONING BEHIND THE SEGREGATION OF THE SOIL AND WASTE
STACKS HAS BEEN TO PUT SECOND LINE OF DEFENCE IN THE
FORM OF TRAPPED GULLY AGAINST PASSAGE OF SEWER AIR INTO
THE BUILDING VIA WASTE FIXTURES.
 THIS WAS CONSIDERED A SERIOUS DEFECT SINCE THE FOUL AIR
FROM WASTE PIPE INTO A BUILDING MAY BE AS OBJECTIONABLE
AS FOUL AIR FROM SOIL PIPE. IT WAS CONSIDERED THAT THERE IS
NO SECOND LINE OF DEFENCE AND SEPARATE PIPE FOR WASTE
WATER IS NOT REQUIRED.
 ONE PIPE SYSTEM IS TO BE PREFERRED WHERE BUILING
PROVIDES FOR SUITABLE GROUPING OF ALL SOIL AND WASTE
APPLIANCES AND WHERE ALL TYPES OF WATERS ARE TAKEN TO A
COMMON SEWER TO THE PLACE OF DISPOSAL OR TREATMENT.
 TRAP SEAL OF 40MM AND 50 MM FOR WASTE AND SOIL WATER
RESPECTIVELY CONSIDERED SUFFICIENT SAFEGUARD.
 CHOICE OF PLUMBING SYSTEM
AS PER SP:35 (S&T)-1987
CONTD….
 IN ADDITION FOLLOWING SAFEGUARDS ARE TO BE TAKEN:-
 EACH WASTE PIPE CONNECTED ABOVE SOIL BRANCH TO COMMON
STACK.
 ALL TRAPS SHALL BE VENTILATED BY LOOP VENTS BY A PIPE NOT
LESS THAN 50MM DIA.
 MODERN TREND IS TO GO IN FOR PARTIALLY VENTILATED ONE
PIPE OR SINGLE STACK SYSTEM.
 IN HIGH RISE BUILDINGS, PARTIALLY VENTILATED ONE PIPE OR
SINGLE STACK SYSTEM IS BEING USED WHERE VENT STACK IS
CONNECTED TO THE DRAINAGE STACK OR THE SOIL APPLIANCES
AT EACH OR ALTERNATE FLOOR. FOLLOWING SAFEGUARDS TO BE
TAKEN IS SUCH A SYSTEM:
 VERTICAL DISTANCE BETWEEN WASTE BRANCH AND SOIL BRANCH
SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN 20 CM.
 IF WB/SINK DIRECTLY CONNECTED TO MAIN STACK THEY SHALL
HAVE 75MM MIN WATER SEAL TRAP FOR BRANCH CONNECTION OF
LESS THAN 75MM DIA OR 50 MM FOR BRANCH CONNECTION MORE THAN
75MM DIA.
 SYSTEMS MOST PREVALENT IN
WORLD
 US - ONE PIPE SYSTEM
SINCE 1934.
 UK - ONE PIPE SYSTEM
 EUROPE - ONE PIPE SYSTEM
 INDIA - TWO PIPE MOSTLY
 SYSTEM FOLLOWED IN DLF LTD
 ONE PIPE SYSTEM SINCE 1997.
 OVER 6000 HOUSES CONSTRUCTED
SO FAR.
 REASONS FOR LOSS OF
TRAP SEAL

 INDUCED
SIPHONAGE.

 SELF SIPHONAGE.

 EVAPORATION.
 RECOMMENDED DEPTH OF TRAP
SEALS
 WATER CLOSETS - 50MM

 FLOOR TRAPS - 50MM

 FIXTURES CONNECTED DIRECTLY

TO THE STACK WITH BRANCH WASTE
PIPE 75MM DIA AND MORE - 40MM

 FIXTURES CONNECTED DIRECTLY WITH

BRANCH WASTE PIPE LESS THAN 75 MM
(ONE PIPE/TWO PIPE SYSTEM) - 40MM
 -- DO --(SINGLE STACK/MODIFIED SYSTEM) -
75MM
 TWO PIPE SYSTEM
ADVANTAGES

 ENSURE SEGREGATION OF FOUL SEWAGE FROM WASTE WATER.

 NO DANAGER OF BACKFLOW OF SEWAGE IN WASTE FITTINGS
INCASEOF BLOCKAGE OF SOIL PIPE.
 ENABLES USE OF WASTE WATER DIRECTLY FOR
IRRIGATION/GARDENING.
 SEPARATE WASTE WATER STACK PERMITS ARREST OF SOLIDS
FROM KITCHEN IN THE GULLY TRAP THUS PREVENTING THE FROM
ENTERING SEWER. GULLY TRAPS NEEDS TO BE CLEANED
PERIODICALLY.

DISADVANTAGES

 DIFFICULT TO INSTALL IN HIGH RISE BUILDINGS WHERE STACKS

TERMINATE IN SERVICE FLOOR OR IN THE CEILING OF THE BASEMENT.
 LONG HORIZONTAL RUNS TO REACH EXTERNAL WALLS /EXTERNAL
SEWERS.
 PROVISION OF GULLY TRAP DIFFICULT TO IMPLEMENT IN ABOVE
SITUATION.
 REQUIRE MORE SHAFT/DUCT SPACE.
 CONGESTED SHAFT RESULTS IN DIFFICULT TO MAINTAIN SYSTEM.
 USED IN INDIA AS MATTER OF CONVENTION AND CONSERVATIVE
APPROACH RATHER THAN AS A PRAGMATIC APPROACH.
 ONE PIPE SYSTEM
ADVANTAGES.
 LARGELY REPLACED TWO PIPE SYSTEM IN MOST
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES.
 FAST BECOMING PREFERRED SYETEM IN OTHER
PARTS OF THE WORLD.
 HIGH QUALITY PIPES,FITTINGS AND INSTALLATION
TECHNIQUES AVAILABLE THESE DAYS.
 CONSTANT FLOW OFWATER ENSURES REDUCTION
IN BLOCKAGE PROBLEM.
 ELIMINATED GULLY TRAPS. THUS PRECLUDES THE
NEED TO CLEAN THEM.
 REQUIRE LESSER SHAFT/DUCT SPACE.
 HIGHLY ECONOMICAL IN TERMS OF COST.
 QUICK TO CONSTRUCT AND COMMISION.
DISADVANTAGES.
 DANGER OF BACK FLOW OF SEWAGE IN WASTE
FITTINGS.
FACTORS FAVOURING ONE PIPE SYSTEM
 USAGE: LOW- MINIMAL FUs CONNECTED AT EACH FLOOR AND
LOW OCCUPANCY RESULTS IN DIFFICULT TO ENSURE SELF
CLEANSING VELOCITY.

 CONSTANT FLOW ENSURES REDUCED BLOCKAGES BY ACHIEVING

OPTIMAL FLOW CONDITIONS ESPECIALLY IN HORIZONTAL
STRETCHES.

 SHAFT SPACE IS AT A PREMIUM.

 REDUNDANCY - POSSIBLE SINCE NUMBER OF TOILETS

AVAILABLE IN EACH APARTMENT.

 BETTER QUALITY OF MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES AVAILABLE

NOW.

 LOW AND EASY MAINTENANCE.

 NO STATUTORY EMBARGO. IN FACT BIS CODES PERMITS ONE PIPE

SYSTEM IN HIGH RISE BUILDINGS

 PROVEN SYSTEM.
 ALL PROBLEMS THAT ARE VISUALISED CAN BE OVER COME.
 RECOMMENDATIONS
 USE 100MM DIA SINGLE STACK SYSTEM UPTO 4
STOREYS.
 USE 150 MM DIA SINGLE STACK UPTO 15 STOREYS.
 USE 150 MM DIA ONE PIPE SYSTEM BEYOND 15
STROREYS.
 COMBINE TWO OR MORE TOILETS AT A FLOOR
WHEREVER POSSIBLE.
 USE EWC WITH HORN FOR VENTILATION.
SIMILARLY USE P TRAP/BEND WITH HORN FOR
VENTILATION WHERE EVER POSSIBLE.
 EXPLORE USE OF PATENTED SOVENT ONE PIPE
SYSTEM, AIR ADMITTANCE VALVE ETC. TO ENSURE
A VERY HIGH LEVEL OF RELIABILTY.
SOVENT SINGLE STACK DRAINAGE
SYSTEM
ProVent PVC SINGLE STACK
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
VIEW FROM BELOW THE ROOF SLAB
FIXTURE UNITS FOR WATER SUPPLY
S.No TYPE OF FIXTURE FUs SIZE OF INLET IN
MM
1. ABLUTION TAP 1 12
2. BATH TUB/SHOWER 3 15
3. BIDET 3 15
4. SINK AND DRAIN BOARD 3 15
5. DRINKING FOUNTAIN 0.5 9
6. KITCHEN SINK (DOMESTIC) 2 15

7. WASH BASIN 1 9
8. WASH BASIN SURGEONS (OR 2 15
FILL AND EMPTY TYPE)

9. SHOWER (DOMESTIC) 2 15
10. SHOWER (GROUP) 3 15

11. URINAL 4 15
12. WC FLUSH TANK 4 12
13. WC FLUSH VALVE 8 25/32
 FUs IN JAYPEE GREENS
 MASTER TOILET
2 Nos. WHB - 2
 WC WITH FLUSH VALVE - 4
 SHOWER(DOMESTIC) - 2
 BATH TUB - 3
 ABLUTION TAP - 1
 TOTAL - 12
 FUs IN JAYPEE GREENS
 OTHER TOILETS
 WHB -1
 WC WITH FLUSH VALVE - 4
 SHOWER(DOMESTIC) - 2
 ABLUTION TAP - 1
 TOTAL -8
 RECOMMENDED SIZES FOR BRANCHES AND VERTICAL STACKS
( IN CASE OF HIGH DISCHARGES SIZE OF THE PIPE SHOULD BE BASED ON THOSE DISCHARGES)

DIA OF PIPE MAX FUs

HOR. BRANCHES STACK OF 3 MORE THAN 3 FLOORS

FLOORS ONE
PER TOTAL FOR TOTAL FOR ONE
STACK BRANCH

32 1 2 2 1
40 3 4 8 2
50 6 10 24 6
75 20 30 60 16
100 160 240 500 90
150 620 960 1900 350
200 1400 2200 3600 600
 SUGGESTED SYSTEM SELECTION FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF
BUILDINGS
BY SHRI S.G.DEOLALIKAKR

SER NO. TYPE OF BLDG. TWO ONE PIPE SINGLE

PIPE SYSTEM STACK
SYSTEM SYSTEM
HOUSING
A ONE OR TWO STOREYED Y Y Y
SUs, BUNGLOWS

B. 3-4 STOREYED N Y Y

C. MULTISTOREYED Y Y N

HOSPITAL
D. 2/3 STOREYED FOR
HOSPITAL FIXTURES, Y Y N
FOR TOILETS Y Y Y

E. MULTISTOREYED Y Y N
 SUGGESTED SYSTEM SELECTION FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF BUILDINGS BY
SHRI S.G.DEOLALIKAKR

SER NO. TYPE OF BLDG. TWO ONE PIPE SINGLE

PIPE SYSTEM STACK
SYSTEM SYSTEM
F. HOUSING, HOSTEL AND Y Y Y
ADMIN BLDG. FOR HOSPITAL

HOTELS
G. 1/2 STOREYED , BUNGLOWS Y Y Y

H. 3-4 STOREYED N Y Y
I. MULTISTOREYED N Y N
OFFICE BUILDING
J. UP TO 6-8 FLOORS FOR N Y Y
HOSPITAL FIXTURES,
FOR TOILETS

K. MULTISTOREYED N Y N
 SYSTEMS FOLLOWED IN JAYPEE GREENS,
GREATER NOIDA
 EARTH
COURTS - MODIFIED TWO PIPE
SYSTEM. ONLY SOIL PIPE IS VENTILATED.

 SEA
COURTS/SUN COURTS/CRESCENT
COURTS - TWO PIPE SYSTEM PARTIALLY
VENTILATED ; SOIL AND WASTE PIPE
VENTILATED AT ALTERNATE FLOORS.

 ATHLETES HOSTEL - TWO PIPE/STACKS.

 ESTATE
HOMES/VILLAS – TWO PIPE /STACKS
SYSTEM.
 RATE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS SYSTEM
FOR A TYPICAL TOILET
S No.
Cost of One Cost of One
Average Cost of Two
Approx Pipe Pipe
Item Unit Qty/t Pipe
Rate 100 mm 150mm
oilet Sytem
stack stack

1 Main Soil and Waste Pipe

100mm dia C.I. as per IS
3989 meter 3.30 1313.50 4334.55 0.00 8,669.10
2 Main Soil and Waste Pipe
150mm dia C.I. as per IS
3989 meter 3.30 1950.00 0.00 6,435.00 0.00
3 Branch soil/waste pipe 100 dia
as per IS: 1729
meter 4.00 1225.00 4900.00 4,900.00 4,900.00
4 ASP 75 mm dia C.I. as per
IS:3989 meter 3.30 1100.00 3630.00 3,630.00 7,260.00
5 Branch vent pipe 50mm dia meter 2.00 750.00 1500.00 1,500.00 0.00
6 Branch inter connection
between ASP and Main
Stack with 50mm dia MS
Pipe meter 2.00 700.00 0.00 0.00 1400

Total Cost per Toilet 14364.55 16,465.00 20,829.10

Percentage savings over two
pipe system
31.04 20.95
 SIZES OF STACKS
ONE PIPE SYSTEM UP TO 38 STORIES 100 MM

TWO PIPE SYSTEM

-SOIL UP TO 125 STOREYS 100 MM
-WASTE UP TO 62 STOREYS 100 MM
SINGLE STACK SYSTEM UP TO 4 STOREYS 100 MM
UP TO 15 STOREYS 150 MM
HORIZONTAL PIPE
- ONE PIPE SYSTEM UP TO 13 STORIES 100 MM
14- 52 STORIES 150 MM
- TWO PIPE SYSTEM
- SOIL UP TO 40 STORIES 100 MM
- WASTE UP TO 20 STRORIES 100 MM
21 TO 78 STORIES 150 MM
 DESIGN PRINCIPLES
 IS-5239-1983: BIS HAS RATIONALISED DESIGN
PROCEDURE IN THE CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
SANITARY PIPE WORK ABOVE GROUND
BUILDINGS.
 PIPE SIZE DETERMINED BY ‘FIXTURE UNITS’ ( FUs)
BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL DATA ON VARIOUS
FIXTURES AND USAGE ARRIVED AT BY BIS.
 CARRYING CAPACITY OF HORIZONTAL DRAINS IS
SUBSTANTIALLY LOWER. DIA OF VERTICAL
STACKS MAY HAVE TO BE INCREASED DUE TO
REDUCED CAPACITY IN HORIZONTAL STRETCHES.