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PUKARA
The pukará or pucará culture was a society that developed in Peru before the arrival of Europeans to
the American continent. It arose approximately in the year 100 a. C. and it was dissolved in the year
300 d. C. of Peru (1532-1533).
It was developed during the pre-Columbian period, between the years 100 a.C. and 300 AD in the
current Puno department, located in southern Peru in the province of San Román.
The Pucará culture is presedente of two cultures: the Chiripa culture (to the south of Titicaca) and the
Qaluyo culture (to the north of Titicaca).
The language used for communication was the pukina or puquina, a language already extinct.
REINO COLLA
The colla kingdom was one of the Aymara kingdoms that occupied part of the Collao plateau after
the decline of the Tiahuanacota state that had as its capital Hatun Colla, that is to say "Colla, la
Grande", located thirty km north of Puno and that in the middle of the XV century it possessed an
extensive territory, moment in which the ninth Inca, Pachacútec, conquered it along with the other
political entities of the region.
In the Inca empire it was called Collasuyo or colla route to a region more extensive than the original
colla kingdom, located around the north shore of Lake Titicaca, because the Aymara kingdoms, with
strong cultural ties between them, were called by the Incas with the generic name of collas since for
them it was the most significant of all.
The Collas were excellent architects and stone carvers. The most famous examples of this are the
Chullpas de Sillustani, gigantic funerary towers. In them they placed the mummified bodies of their
great lords, dressed in rich dresses and ornaments.