TÉRMINOS EN INGLÉS A UTILIZARSE EN EL ESTUDIO

Glosario o diccionario de términos en inglés a utilizarse en el Estudio.

Preparado por John Healy
Fecha última actualización: Marzo 2008
Objetivo: facilitar a los integrantes del Estudio, que necesitan redactar documentos en inglés, una
lista de los términos comunes que se suelen utilizar en el Estudio en las distintas áreas, y de esa
manera permitir coincidencia en el uso a favor de los clientes.
Contenido: los términos están divididos, en general, de acuerdo a determinados rubros, como por
ejemplo: Organismos, Administrativo, Corporativo, Seguros, Sistema Jurídico; términos comunes,
dando el término o sigla en español y la correspondiente traducción o uso en ingles.

Divididos en orden alfabético bajo los siguientes rubros:

 Organismos y Agencias
 Administrativo / Contractual
 Impositivo
 Corporativo y Comercial
 Patentes y Marcas
 Financiero
 Seguros
 Sistema Jurídica
 Laboral
 Términos comunes

ORGANISMOS Y AGENCIAS

Administración Nacional de Aduana = National Customs Administration

Aduana = Customs
AFIP = National/ Federal Tax Administration/Federal
Administration of Public Revenues
AFJP = Retirement and Pension Funds Administrators
AGN = General External Auditing Body
ALCA = American Free Trade Area
ANSES = National Administration of Social Security
ART = Labor Risk Insurance Companies
Boletín Oficial (B.O.) = (Argentine) Official Gazette (O.G.)
Casa de moneda = Mint
CNDC = Defense of Competition Authority/
Antitrust Agency/Commission
CNCE = National Commission for Foreign Trade
Comisión Nacional de Valores (CNV) = (Argentine) National Securities Commission

CONSEJO PROF DE CIENCIAS ECONOMICAS = Professional Accountants Association or

Association.
COMFER = Argentine Federal Broadcasting Committee

Defensor del Pueblo de la Nación = National People’s Ombudsperson

Defensoría del Pueblo = Office of the Ombudsman
DGI = Argentine Internal Revenue Service
Dirección de Vialidad = Roads Authority
ENRE = National Electricity Regulatory Authority
INDEC = National Institute of Statistics and Census
INSSJP = National Institute of Social Services for
Retired Persons and Pensioners
Inspección General de Justicia (IGJ) = General Inspection of Corporations (UK and
Ireland: Companies Registration Office)
LSC = Argentine Business Associations Law (BAL)

Ministerio de Justicia = Ministry of Justice

Obra Social = Health care
Organismo público = Public Agency
PEN = National Executive Branch
Prepaga = Private Health care

Previsión social = Social Security

Procuración General de la Nación = General Attorney Counsel for the Government
Registro Civil = Office of Vital Records o Oficial Registry
SAFJP = Pension Funds Supervisory
Authority / Superintendent
SECLO = Obligatory Labor Conciliation Board
Secretaría de Desarrollo Sustentable y = Secretariat of Sustainable Development and
Política Ambiental Environmental Policy
SIGEN (Sindicatura General de la Nación) = National Audit Office / Office of Auditor
General
SIJP = Retirement and Pension Funds Integral
System
Sindicatura = Audit office
Superintendencia de Riesgos del Trabajo
(SRT) = Superintendence of Labor Risks

ADMINISTRATIVO / CONTRACTUAL

Acompañar una declaración jurada = append an affidavit

Acreditar (fondos en banco / cuenta)
Acreditar (diplomático)
Acreditar (representante)
Actuando en forma conjunta, separada o
alternativamente pueden ...(están ..... )
Agente de aduana
Aplicación de una ley
Apostilla
Aranceles, derechos e impuestos
Artículo del contrato
Ausencia de renuncia
Autárquico
Autenticar/dar fe de/atestiguar
Aviso de retorno
Aviso de desocupación de un bien inmueble
= to credit (an account)
= to accredit
= to authorize
= acting jointly, separately or alternatively
may ... (be and hereby are authorized to ...)
= Customs broker
= enforcement of a law
= Apostille
= rates, duties and taxes.
= contract clause
= no waiver
= autarchic / autarchical
= to notarize/to attest to…
= return receipt requested
= notice to quit

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Bienes muebles = personal property/goods and chattels/ U.S.
personality(ies)
Carta Documento = Official Document Letter/ Special Certified
Letter (not used in English speaking countries
Cartera = portfolio
Contrato de compraventa = sales agreement
Contrato de arrendamiento/de locación = lease (agreement)
Caducidad = expiration, (lapse, loss of validity)
Caduco = expired, (lapsed, no longer valid)
Celebrar/ejecutar un contrato = (in U.S.) the execution, delivery and
performance of an agreement)
Celebrar/ejecutar un contrato = enter into/perform/sign (U.S. deliver and
perfect) an agreement
Cesión y sub-locación = assignment and subletting
Comitente = principal

Comprobantes = supporting documentation/receipt

Conjunto de derechos = bundle of rights

Comuníquese = Let it be known / made public
Copia legalizada = authenticated copy
Cúmplase = So ordered

Decreto = Decree
Decreto ley = Executive Order
Derechos adquiridos = vested rights
Desalojar las instalaciones = surrender possession of the premises

Desalojo = eviction / holding over

Día laboral / hábil = business day / court day
Días corridos / consecutivos = calendar / consecutive days
Domicilio (de un individuo) = domicile
Domicilio de una entidad/sociedad = legal domicile
Domicilio comercial = principal place of business/corporate domicile
Domicilio real = actual address
Donación con cargo = donation with an accessory obligation
Doy fe = in witness whereof (contracts) / I certify the
foregoing

Ejemplares/copias = counterparts
Ejercicio del cargo (durante el) = (during his/her) incumbency
El presente Contrato tiene por objeto... = the purpose of this Agreement is ...
Empresas de servicios públicos = public utilities companies
Entrar en funciones = take office
Entregados en mano = personal delivery
Entregar un informe = furnish a statement/report
Estudio jurídico = law firm, law offices
Escritura de compraventa = bill of sale (US) / deed of conveyance

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Escritura de propiedad = title deed
Examen de fondo (patentes, etc) = in-depth examination
Ex oficio = ex officio (on own initiative)

Fecha de vencimiento = due date

Firma y sello = hand and seal
Firmar conjuntamente = Sign jointly
Funcionario (público) = officer/ public official/ civil servant
Función pública = civil service
Incapacitar = disqualify
Indistintamente = indistinctively
Inmobiliario = real property / real estate

Legal, establecido por ley = statutory

Locación / sublocación = lease / sublease
Locador/arrendador = landlord
Mandato = term of office/mandate/power of attorney
Marco regulatorio = regulatory framework
Mediación = mediation
Audiencia de mediación/conciliación = mediation/settlement hearing
Mesa de entradas = filing desk
Negador = disclaimer
Normas de seguridad = safety norms
Notificación de incumplimiento de pago = notice of default
Obligación establecida en el Contrato = covenant contained in the Agreement
Ocupante de un cargo, titular = incumbent
Orden público (de) = public policy
Organismo de control = regulatory agency
Órgano de fiscalización = supervisory body

Pago total = payment in full

Parte firmante de un contrato
Parte contratante (de un contrato)
Perito
Perito examinador
Prescripción / prescrito
Pueden firmar indistintamente
Quien suscribe /el abajo firmante
= signatory / party to an agreement
= party to a contract/agreement
= expert
= examining expert
= statute of limitations / barred by the
statute of limitations
= Any one of them, acting alone, may sign
= undersigned (the)

Recíprocamente = interchangeably
Régimen = system / regimen / regime / rules governing…
Régimen de reparto = state-sponsored retirement savings plan
Registro de Automotores = Car Registry Office
Remito = delivery note
Renuncia a derechos de ocupación = waiver to conservation rights
Repartición pública = government agency / government department
Requisitos = requirements
Requisito previo = essential prerequisite

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Requisitos sustantivos y complementarios
Reserva legal
Resolver una controversia
Responsabilidad solidaria
Retención de posesión (al terminarse el
contrato de locación)
= substantive and adjective requirements
= statutory reserve
= to resolve / settle a controversy
= joint and several liability
= holdover (tenant)

Servicios de liquidación = settlement services

Subsecretaría = Undersecretariat
Subsistente (quedar) = remain in force
(quedar derechos y obligaciones subsistentes = enduring rights and obligations)
Suscripción del Contrato = execution of the Agreement
Testado no vale = crossed-out portion should be ignored
Texto ordenado = restated text
Titular (Director) = Regular / incumbent / (Director)
Título de propiedad = title deed

Una multa / penalidad = fine / penalty / liquidated damages

Usurpación = misappropriation
Vencido, retrasado = overdue
Vencimiento = expiration (AmE.) / expiry date or due
date (BrE. payment) / Maturity date
Violación de contrato = breach of contract

IMPOSITIVO

Agente fiscal = tax agent / public prosecutor (UK) / District

Attorney / Government Officer (US).
Carga tributaria/fiscal = tax burden
CUIT / CUIL = Taxpayer Identification Number
Declaración de impuestos = tax return
Deducción tributaria por pérdida = tax offset / write-off
Desgravación impositiva = tax exemption (U.S.) / tax relief (U.K.)
Elusión (de impuestos) = tax avoidance
Estimación de la base imponible = tax base estimation/appraisal
Evasión fiscal / de impuestos /fraude fiscal = tax evasion
Exento de derechos = duty free
Exoneración/alivio fiscal = tax break
Franquicia impositiva, franquicia tributaria = tax exemption
Gravamen por impuestos no pagados = tax lien
Hecho imponible = taxable event
Impuesto a las ganancias = income tax
Impuesto a los ingresos brutos = gross income tax / turnover tax
Impuesto al valor agregado (IVA) = Value-added tax (VAT)
Impuesto sobre bienes personales = Personal assets tax
Impuestos inmobiliarios = real estate taxes
Impuesto sobre el lujo, impuesto suntuario = luxury tax
Incentivo tributario = tax incentive
Libre de impuestos = tax exempt

5
Paraíso fiscal = tax haven
Presión fiscal = tax burden
Régimen arancelario = tariff treatment
Reglamento aduanero = Customs regulations
Responsable inscripto = registered taxpayer
Retención de impuestos = tax withholding
Revisión tarifaria = Tariff revision
Riesgo fiscal = tax exposure
Tasa impositiva = tax rate
Zona de libre comercio = free-trade zone
Zona franca = duty-free area / foreign trade zone

CORPORATIVO Y COMERCIAL

Abogado interno/de empresa = in-house lawyer

ACE (Agrupaciones de Colaboración = Business Collaboration Groups
Empresaria)
Acciones emitidas y en circulación =
issued and outstanding shares
Acciones escriturales =
book-entry shares
Acciones no rescatables =
non-redeemable shares
Acciones liberadas =
paid-in shares / bonus shares
Acciones con derecho a voto =
voting stock
Acreditar la existencia y vigencia de la Soc. =
Evidence the existence and legitimacy of the
Company
Acreedor quirografario / privilegiado = unsecured creditor / secured creditor
Acta constitutiva /Registro de una sociedad = Articles of incorporation / Charter

Actuando como vicepresidente en ejercicio = acting vice-president

Acuerdo preventivo (extrajudicial) APE = Reorganization Agreement (out-of-court)
Acuerdo preconcursal = pre-insolvency proceeding
Agente colocador = broker / dealer
Artículos concordantes = associated provisions
Asamblea constitutiva = organizational meeting
Asamblea anual (de accionistas) = annual (general/shareholders) meeting
Atentado contra la libertad de comercio = restraint of trade

Bienes registrables = assets that are recordable or capable of being

registered
Bolsa de Comercio de Buenos Aires = Buenos Aires Stock Exchange
Caja de valores = central securities depositary (of both bonds
and equities)
CC (Consorcio de Cooperación) = Cooperation Consortium
Calificación de riesgo = risk rating
Cancelación de soc. = cancellation, liquidation.
Cancelación registral = muerte total de la soc. : Deregistration
Capital social = capital stock / nominal slated capital

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Capital integrado / desembolsado = paid-in capital
Capital no amortizado = non-amortized principal/capital.
Cargo administrativo = managerial position
Carta de intención = letter of intention

Conocimiento de Vista: = acknowledgment of Observation

Carta de entendimiento/acuerdo preliminar = Memorandum of Understanding
Comisión Fiscalizadora = Surveillance Board
Comitente = principal
Competencia desleal = unfair competition
Concurso preventivo / Procesos concursales = In-court reorganization proceedings /
Insolvency proceedings / Composition with
Creditors / (Chap. XI)
Consejo de vigilancia = supervisory borrad
Cesion de cuotas = Quota Assignment
Certificado Provisorio = Provisional Certificate
Completar = fulfill
Assignment or surrender o incluso transfer en este contexto
Constituir una sociedad = incorporate / organize a company
Contralor = Comptroller / government accounting
inspector
Contrato de compraventa de acciones = stock purchase agreement
Convocatoria a licitación = invitation to bid

Cumplimiento Resolución 7/05: =Compliance with Resolution 7/05

Defensa de la competencia = Defense of competition / Antitrust
De-fusionarse = to de-merge from
Derecho antimonopolio = antitrust law
Derecho corporativo = corporate law
Derechos de autor = copyrights
Derecho de receso = right of withdrawal from partnership /
dissenter’s right (minority shareholders’ right
to withdraw from a company with
compensation when e.g. they dissent to a
merger. Instituto peculiar del derecho
argentino que permite “irme” de una sociedad
en algunos casos, obligándola a comprar mis
acciones. Típicamente cuando se aumenta el
capital y yo no tengo los fondos para
acompañar el aumento para mantener mi
porcentaje.

Derecho de tanteo = right of first refusal

Derecho(s) Patrimonial(es)
Derechos preferenciales
Derecho preferente de compra
Desafectación (parcial de la cuenta)
Dirección general
= “Economic Law” / economic rights;
proprietary rights
= preemptive rights
= right of first refusal
= release (partial ...)
= administrative offices

7
Directorio = Board of Directors
Directores titulares / suplentes = regular / alternate directors
Divisibilidad = severability
DDJJ: = sworn statement
Dictamen = Legal Opinión
Designación de Representante legal: = appointment of legal representative
Disolución = dissolution of entities por ej.

Ejercicio/Año fiscal = fiscal year/period

Entidades que cotizan = listed companies
Estatutos (societarios) = Charter
Estatuto municipal o leyes locales = Ordinance
Escrito: = Writ o Writing (iIG/GBLD)

Estados Contables Anuales: = Annual Financial Statements

Facultades (deun poder): powers / atribution

Fiscalización = supervision
Fondo de Comercio = going concern
Fraccionamiento (de acciones) = split (of shares)
Funcionario / Directivo = officer
Gastos generales = overhead expenses
Gastos periódicos = recurring expenses

Interés adquirido (en una empresa/asunto) = vested interest

Ley de Sociedades Comerciales (LSC) = Business Associations Law (BAL)
Libros de comercio = business records
Llave de negocio / valor llave = goodwill
Lucro cesante = lost profits / loss of profit
Mandante = principal
Mandatario = agent / proxy / legal representative
Mercado exterior = oversees / foreign market
Mercado de contado = spot market
Objeto social = corporate purpose
Obligaciones negociables = negotiable obligations
Oferta pública de adquisición (OPA) = takeover bid, tender offer
Ofrecer por separado = to unbundle
Operar legalmente = lawfully operate
Oponible a terceros = binding on / enforceable against third parties
Oponible en concurso preventivo posterior = binding in later reorganization (insolvency)
proceedings
Organigrama = organizational chart
Órgano de fiscalización = supervisory body
Órgano Social (competente) = (relevant) Corporate Body

Participación mayoritaria = controlling interest

Patrimonio neto = shareholders’/owners’ equity, net worth
Patrimonio social = corporate net worth

8
Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas
Plano / proyecto
Pliego de condiciones, bases de la licitación
Poder (general)
Prácticas desleales de comercio
Presidente del Directorio
Primera línea gerencial
Propuesta concordataria
Realizar prácticas predatorias
Recargo
Reformas de Estatuto
Régimen de oferta pública
Reglamento de gestión tipo
Reglas del “buen gobierno”
Relación de mandante y mandatario,
sociedad o joint venture
Rentabilidad
Rescate
Registro de Propiedad de Inm.:
Rúbrica de Libros societarios:
Reforma de por ej. objeto:
Saneamiento
Síndico
Síndico concursal
Sociedad Anónima
Sociedad civil
Sociedad Colectiva
Sociedad comanditaria/en comandito
Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada
Sociedad por acciones
Sociedad en comandita por acciones
Sociedad en comandita simple
Sociedad Accidental / en participación
Sociedad gerente
Sociedad controladora
Sociedad depositaria
Sociedad incorporante
Sociedad incorporada
Sucesores y Cesionarios
Suplente (Director, etc.)
Seguro de Caución:
Tercerización / Externalización
Texto ordenado de estatuto o del contrato
social
Tipos saneotarios
Título nominativo
= Small and Medium-Sized Businesses
= blueprint
= terms of reference
= (general) power-of-attorney
= unfair business practices
= (In U.S. President of the Board) /
Chairman/woman of the Board / Chief
Executive Officer (CEO)
= top managerial level
= credit agreement proposal
= to engage in predatory practices
= surcharge
= Charter amendments
= public offering system
= standard management rules
= corporate governance (in corp. administration)
= relationship of principal and agent, partnership
or joint venture
= yield
= redemption
= Registry of Real Property o Real Est
= Notarial signature and seal on Corporate Books
= Ammendment to corporate purpose
= restructuring
= statutory auditor
= trustee in bankruptcy/receiver
= Corporation
= professional partnership
= General Partnership
= limited partnership
= Limited Liability Company
= Stock Company
= Joint Stock Company
= Silent / Limited Partnership
= Joint Venture / Participation
= managing company
= controlling company
= depositary company
= absorbing corporation / entity
= absorbed corporation / entity
= Successors and Assigns
= alternate (AmE)
= Performance bond
= outsourcing
= restated text of the charter and bylaws
or articles of association
= debt restructuring types
= registered security
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Títulos valores = securities

Testimonio inscripto = Registered Notarial Certified Copy

Transferencia de fondo de comercio: = Transfer of a going concern
UTE (Unión Transitoria de Empresas) = Temporary Enterprise Consortium
Urgente despacho: = urgent expedition
Votación por poder = voting by proxy
Voto divergente = diverse vote
Vista = observation
Contestación Vista: = respond to observation / o / Answer
observation
Libros Societarios: Corporate Books
Registro de Acciones: Stock Ledger Book/ Stock Book or Stock
Transfer Book
Li.Acta de Directorio Board of Directors Meetings' Record

Li Acta de Asamblea Shareholders Meetings' Record Book

Li.Dep. Acc y Regis. De Asistencia. Shares Deposit and Meetings'

Assistance Record Book

Certificado Provisorio: Provisory Certificate

Emitir un dictamen, deliver an opinion.

Retirar withdraw, take away

Presentar submit
asistir
Certificado de Inhibición Certificate of
Registro Propiedad del Inmueble Registry of Real …..

PATENTES Y MARCAS

Cambio de rubro = recordal of change of name

Cesión de patente = patent assignment
Derechos de autor = copyright
Derechos de patente = patent rights
Gestor de negocios = agent
invocando prioridad = claiming priority
levantamiento de oposición = withdrawal of opposition
Marca de fábrica = trademark/brand name
Marca registrada = registered trademark
Mención de los derechos de autor = copyright notice
Nombre comercial = trade name
Presentación tardía (de documentación) = late filing
Propiedad industrial = industrial property (rights)
Propiedad intelectual = intellectual property(rights)
Reivindicación de patente = patent claim
Solicitud de patente = patent application
Titular de los derechos de autor = copyright holder

10
Titular de una patente
Transferencia
Violación/infracción de patente
Violación de los derechos de autor
Vista
= patentee
= assignment (recordal of)
= patent infringement
= breach of copyright
= official action

FINANZAS

Abonado por mes vencido = paid in arrears on a monthly basis

Activo fideicomitido = trust asset
Activo intangible = intangible asset
Activo real = tangible asset
Activos subyacentes = underlying assets
Agente de cobro / Gestor de recupero = servicer
Amortización de activos = asset write-downs
A título oneroso = for valuable consideration

Banco girado = drawee bank

Banco librador = issuer
Boleto de depósito = deposit slip
Caja de Valores = depositary institution
Cancelar una deuda = to settle, pay off a debt (U.S. discharge a debt)
Canjear (bonos) = swap
Capacidad crediticia = borrowing power
Capital no amortizado = outstanding principal / capital
Cartera de crédito, cartera crediticia = loan portfolio
CER = Stabilization Reference Coefficient
Caución bursátil = stock exchange pledge
Contrato de Fideicomiso = trust indenture
Contrato de prenda = pledge/mortgage (chattel) agreement
Cotización (en bolsa) = listing
Cotización = quote
Cotizar = to quote
Créditos del Disco de Corte = Cutoff Disk Credits (debtors with little or no
balance or bankrupt)
Cuenta a la vista = on demand account /on sight account

Deuda pública = government/public debt / Sovereign debt

Deuda no garantizada = unsecured debt
Deuda abonada en cuotas = installment debt
Dividendo provisional = interim dividend
Encaje = special (mandatory) reserve
Fideicomiso = trust
Fondo fiduciario = trust fund
Fiduciario = trustee
Fideicomitente / Fiduciante = grantor / trustor
Ganancias y pérdidas = profit and loss

11
Garantías especiales de la emisión
Gastos financieros/por intereses
Hecho o situación
(en cuestión de valores, fondos, etc)
Ingreso ... al patrimonio neto
Integración del haber del fondo
Intereses devengados
Moneda nacional
Moneda de curso legal
Mora (en)…
Movimiento de fondos
= special collateral securing the issue
= interest expense
= event or condition
= entry ... to net worth
= fund portfolio requirements
= accrued interest (sin “s” al final!)
= local currency
= legal tender
= (in) delinquency (credits); in arrears
(payments, salary, rent); in default (interest,
mortgage)
= movement (of funds) in / out of business

Obligacionistas = obligation holders / holder of negot. oblig.

Oferta pública inicial (OPI) = initial public offering (IPO)
Operación de pase (banking) = swap
Operaciones de cobertura = hedging transactions
Organizador = arranger
Pagar = (bill or account) pay / settle
liquidar/saldar = (debt) settle
Por encima del valor nominal = above par
Practicar una auditoría = to perform an audit
Práctica establecida = standard practice
Préstamo sin garantía / quirografario = unsecured loan
Prima de emisión = (shares) with premium / stock issue at a
premium
Promedio ponderado de vida = weighted average (life)time
Quebranto de acciones = share loss
Reajuste económico = economic cutback
Recargo por diferencia de cambio = currency adjustment factor (CAF)
Remisión = release from / cancellation
Representantes de los órganos del fondo = fund organizers
Reserva facultativa = optional reserve account
Rescate = repossession
Saldar una deuda = to pay off a debt / to retire a debt (U.S.)
Saldos insolutos = unpaid balance
Sistema computerizado = automated system
Sociedades de Bolsa = Stock Exchange corporate broker
Tasa pasiva = borrowing rate
Tasa variable = floating rate
Tipo de cambio comprador o vendedor = the selling or purchasing rate of exchange
del BNA quoted by BNA
Titularidad del activo = (title) ownership of the asset
Utilidad retenida = retained earnings
Utilidades no distribuidas / retenidas = retained earnings
Utilidades por aplicar = unappropriated earnings
Vale canjeable = scrip
Valor contable = book value

12
Valores = securities
Valores negociables = negotiable instruments / marketable securities
Valor nominal = par value
Valor llave = goodwill
Valor de rescate = surrender value

SEGUROS

(Entidades) Aseguradoras de retiro = annuity insurance companies

Asociación de Aseguradores de Vida
y Retiro = Association of Life and Annuity Insurers
Cobertura combinada = blanket contractual liability
Cobertura a primer riesgo absoluto = primary coverage
Ley de Accidentes del Trabajo = Occupational Hazards Law (OHL)
MOPRES = Mandatory Average Pension Fund
Contribution
Prima = premium
Por siniestro = per loss
Renta vitalicia = life annuity
Renta Vitalicia Previsional = Pension Fund Annuity

Seguridad social = social security

Seguro Civil Comprensiva
Seguro de Retiro
Seguro de incapacidad
Seguro de vida
Seguro por accidentes de trabajo
Seguro de Responsabilidad Civil
Seguro contra daños
Sistema Integrado de Jubilaciones y
Pensiones
SSN
Superintendente de Seguros
= comprehensive liability insurance
= Annuity insurance policy
= disability insurance
= life insurance
= Workmen´s compensation insurance
= Third party liability insurance
= property insurance
= Integrated Retirement and Pension System
= National Commissioner for Insurance
= Insurance Commissioner

SISTEMA JURÍDICA

Abogado defensor = defense counsel

Acción cautelar = precautionary measure / attachment
Acusar / acusación / imputación = indict / indictment (accusation, allegation,
charge) / to indict somebody for something
Anular una sentencia = vacate / overturn / quash a judgment
Apelar ante (la Corte Suprema) = to appeal to (the Supreme Court)
Aprobar una ley = to pass a law
Aprobación incausada = approval / conformity without basis
Asesoría legal = legal advice
Audiencia = hearing
Auto (notificar una orden /un mandato
Judicial) = writ (to serve a writ on somebody)

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Autos en estado de dictar sentencia = ripe for decision (U.S.)

Bet-the-Company litigation (casos judiciales en los que está en juego la supervivencia de la

empresa)

Causa = lawsuit / case

Colegio de Abogados = bar association
Condena = conviction
Consejo de la Magistratura = Board of Judges
Controversia judicial = legal dispute
Daños y perjuicios = damages
Dar lugar a / no dar lugar a = provoke, give rise to / overrule (in law)
Declarar culpable = to find guilty
Declarar y garantizar = to represent and warrant
Demanda / denuncia penal = complaint
Denunciar un delito = to report a crime
Derechos adquiridos = vested rights
Derecho sustantivo / adjetivo (procesal) = substantive law / procedural law
De pleno derecho = as a matter of law
Deposición / declaración (ante un tribunal) = deposition / statement (testimony)
Derogación de una ley = repeal of a law
Desistir de la demanda = withdraw a suit
Dictamen con reservas / salvedades = qualified opinion
Dictar / pronunciar un veredicto = deliver (judge) / reach (jury) a verdict
Dictar (una) sentencia = hand down / pass (a) judgment

Emplazar = to summon
Emplazamiento = summons
Entablar acción de indemnización por
daños y perjuicios = sue for damages
Error judicial que causa gravamen
irreparable = miscarriage of justice
Establecer / estipular (leyes, etc.) = to stipulate
Exhorto = letters rogatory
Escrito judicial:
Expedir una orden = to issue a writ against somebody
(notificar a alguien = serve notice on somebody.)
Formular cargos contra alguien = to bring an indictment against somebody
Hecho ilícito = unlawful act
Homologación = approval / ratification (stage)
Incomparecencia / rebeldía = failure to appear or nonappearance / default
Inseguridad jurídica = legal uncertainty
Interponer / radicar (una) demanda = file a complaint
Interponer (un) recurso = lodge / make (an) appeal
Juez de tribunal inferior = magistrate
Juicio sumerísimo = specially expedited summary proceeding
Jurisprudencia = case law /jurisprudence

La ley y su reglamento = law and the regulations thereunder

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Laudo arbitral emitido por el Tribunal
Legal / establecido por ley
(Ley) interpretado y rígido
Libre de todo gravamen
Litis consorcio pasivo necesario
Mala praxis
Medidas cautelares
Normas de procedimiento arbitral
Notificar (demanda)
Ofrecimiento / promoción de pruebas
Ordenamiento jurídico
Obtener indemnización por daños y
perjuicios
= arbitration award of the (Arbitration) Court
= statutory
= (Law) construed and governed
= free and clear of all liens and encumbrances
= compulsory co-defendant’s joinder
= malpractice
= injunctive relief / interim injunction
= procedural arbitration rules
= serve notice (of a complaint) / (on a person)
= introduction of evidence
= legal system
= to recover damages

Persona mayor de edad = person of age

Petición de fallo contrario al veredicto = motion for a judgment notwithstanding the
verdict.
Planteo de nulidad = plea for nullity
Por imperio de la ley = by operation of law
Presupuestos procesales = procedural requirements or circumstances
(which must exist)
Proceso (legal) = trial / case / proceeding
Proceso Falencial = bankruptcy proceeding
Procesamiento = indictment (US) / prosecution / trial
Prohibición de innovar = restraining order
Prontuario = criminal record
Pronunciar un veredicto = return a verdict
Prueba admisible = admissible evidence
Prueba pericial = expert testimony
Prueba testimonial = testimony / testimonial proof or evidence
Proyecto de ley = bill / draft law
Reconocer derechos = acknowledge rights
Reconsiderar una sentencia = to open a judgment
Recurso contra una resolución = an appeal from (AmEng)/against a decision
Recurso de alzada = appeal to intermediate appellate court
Recurso de amparo = amparo proceedings
Recurso de apelación = lodge an appeal against a decision/sentence
Recusar / Recusación = to recuse (AmE) or challenge / recusation
(AmE)
Recusar jurisdicción = to decline jurisdiction
Recusación con expresión de causa = challenge for cause
Recusación sin expresión de causa = peremptory challenge (without stating a
reason)
Recusación de un juez = recusal (AmE) of a judge
Recusación de un testigo = exception / objection to a witness
Requirente = summons server / complaint server
Requerimiento de pago = demand
Resolución judicial = court order / judicial decision
Revisión (jurídica) = review (judicial)

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Sala = division / chamber (e.g. of a court of appeals)
Sala del juzgado = courtroom
Sancionar / aprobar una ley = to enact / sanction / pass / a law
Secretario judicial / actuario = court clerk
Seguridad jurídica = the rule of law / legal certainty
Solidario (en ley) = ‘obligation’ = binding on all parties
= ‘debtor / creditor = jointly and severally liable
Sumario = summary proceeding / summary order
So pena de = under penalty of
Suspensión de ejecución = stay of enforcement
Tasa de justicia = Justice Tax / court fees
Terminar la presentación de pruebas = to rest a case
Terminado el alegato del fiscal/la defensa = the prosecution/defense rests
Traslado (a) = making the record available to the parties
Traslado de autos = forwarding of pleadings from one party to
another such that the recipient respond.
Traslado de la demanda = service of process
Tribunal a quo = lower court tribunal or court
Tribunal competente = court of competent jurisdiction
Tribunal de alzada = Appeals Court
Tribunal de primera instancia = Court of first instance (formal) / initial
jurisdiction / lower court
Un principio de derecho = a rule of law
Valor probatorio = probative / probatory (evidential) value
Vista = public hearing or proceeding / oral hearing or
trial (proceeding by which the court orders a
response from one of the parties. Puede ser
usado en lugar de “traslado a” para que el
fiscal /la otra parte opine/otros opinen sobre
determinada cuestión.

LABORAL

Ámbito/esfera del trabajo = scope of employment

Autónomo - quien trabaja por cuenta propia = self-employed
Cargo administrativo = managerial position
Conflicto laboral = labor dispute
Contratistas licenciados, asegurados = licensed, insured and bonded
y matriculados contractors
Contrato de trabajo = employment agreement
Convenio Colectivo de Trabajo (CCT) = Collective Bargaining Agreements
Despido improcedente /sin causa = unfair (meaning ‘unjustified’) dismissal or
dismissal/discharge without (just) cause
Despido con preaviso = dismissal on due notice
Despido sin preaviso = dismissal without due notice / summary
dismissal
Indemnización = indemnity / indemnification

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Indemnización por despido = severance pay
Indemnización por accidentes de trabajo = workers’ compensation
Ley del Contrato de Trabajo (LCT) = Employment Contract Law (ECL)

Mano de obra = manpower / labor

Pago por horas extras
Relación laboral
Salario mínimo vital y móvil
SECLO (Servicio de Conciliación Laboral
Obligatorio)
Sueldo anual complementario (SAC)
Trabajo eventual / transitorio
= overtime pay
= employment relationship / employer/
employee relationship
= index-linked minimum wage
= Obligatory Labor Conciliation Service
= Annual bonus (salary)
= casual labor / temporary work

TÉRMINOS COMUNES

A cuenta de... = to/against the account of…

Acompañar una declaración jurada = append an affidavit
Acto seguido = thereupon
Acuerdo de indemnidad = hold harmless agreement
Acusar recibo = (to) acknowledge receipt (of)
Adjunto al presente = herewith
A este respecto = in this regard / on this matter
A / para los efectos de = for (the) purposes of
A más tardar el día X = on or before ...
Amparo = judicially created remedy
Al amparo de (la ley) = in reliance on (the law) /
under the (law)
Almacen = depot
Al / del presente = hereto
*Anexo/Apéndice = exhibit/annex/appendix (to an agreement, etc.)
[In U.S. Annex = supplementary information,
definitions, etc.
Schedule/appendix (to an Annex) = list of
items such as reporting requirements,
agencies, etc
*Exhibit = model, illustration, forms,
documents furnished, etc]

Ante / en medio de = in the face of ...

Apartado = section (of statute or decree) / paragraph
A quien corresponda = to whom it may concern
Artículo (de una ley, etc.) = section/article
A título indicativo y no limitativo ... = including by not limited to ...
Aunque / si bien es cierto que … = albeit
Autoevaluación = self-appraisal
Aviso de retorno/remisión = remittance advice
Blanqueo de dinero = money laundering

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Cabe destacar/señalar que = importantly / it should be pointed out that
Cabe mencionar que = it is worth mentioning that
Coeficiente entre A y Z = ratio of A to Z
Comprender (abarcar, contener) = comprise (of), contain, include
Confidencial. Correspondencia protegida = Privileged and Confidential Attorney - Client
por secreto professional Communication / Attorney work-product
Conforme a lo antes establecido = in accordance with the foregoing
Conforme al presente / en virtud del presente = hereunder
Con la misma fecha del presente = of even date herewith
Con respecto a = with regard to / in respect of / with respect to
Consecuentemente / en consecuencia /
por consiguiente = accordingly / consequently / therefore
Consejero = adviser
Considerando que, por cuanto = whereas
Considerandos = conclusions / recitals
Conste por el presente / Sépase por el
presente … = Know all men by these presents ...
Contra = versus
Contracautela = bond for costs
Convenir (en) / Acordar = agree (on)
Copia fiel = true copy
Copia de respaldo / de seguridad = backup
CPU = Central Processing Unit
Dar de alto = to register/enroll/catalogue
Dar de baja = to cancel / withdraw / reduce (workforce)
Dar el visto bueno = approval of /sign off on (U.S.) something
Dar lugar a ... = to give rise to / provoke
De acuerdo a /en virtud de = pursuant (here)to
De allí en adelante = thereafter
De conformidad con = in compliance with/ pursuant to
(De) frente a ... = facing ...
Dejar sin efecto = relinquish / abandon / renounce
Del mismo, de la misma, de los mismos = thereof
Demostrar sumariamente = show/demonstrate under a brief proceeding
Depósito = warehouse
Descripción/perspectiva general = overview
Disposiciones = provisions
Disposiciones complementarias /
concordantes = associated / related provisions
Disponer = to provide, to stipulate
Dotar = provide /equip (stg. with stg.)

Ejecutar / implementar (una ley) = implement

El abajo firmante, quien suscribe
El plazo es improrrogable
En atención a ...
En base a lo expuesto anteriormente
En conjunto
= the undersigned
= the deadline is non-extendible
= in view of (something)
= in view of the foregoing
= in the aggregate

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En el/la presente = herein
En el asunto de = in the matter of
En especie = in kind
En fe/testimonio de lo cual = in witness whereof
En la medida en que /dentro de lo que = insofar as
En lo sucesivo / en adelante = hereinafter
En plena vigencia = in full force and effect
En respuesta a su atenta carta = in reply to your kind letter
En su calidad de = in his/her capacity as
En su conjunto = in the aggregate
En tiempo y forma = in due time and proper form
En trámite = pending

Entrar en vigencia/vigor = to take effect, to come/go into force

Entrepiso ( de edificio) = mezzanine (floor)
Enumerar = list, enumerate
En uso de mis facultades = by the authority vested in me
En uso del poder especial = pursuant to the special power of attorney

Fecha de vencimiento = due date

Fehaciente = reliable / irrefutable
Gestor = agent
Gravamen = lien
Hacer lugar a ... = rule in favor of ...
Hasta ahora / este momento = heretofore
Hechos del principe = government acts (incidents) / Es una de las
variantes del caso fortuito (Act of God)
o fuerza mayor
Improcedente = inadmissible / inappropriate / not properly
filed
Imputarle algo a alguien = to accuse someone of something, to charge
someone with something
Inciso = subsection / paragraph
Informe / informar = report / to report
(you must inform someone of something)
Inherente a algo = inherent in something / incident(al) to sth.
Interrogante = an issue
Locación de obra = building/construction or manufacturing
agreements or other agreements for supply of
works
Locación de servicios = employment or hiring out of services
(agreement)
Locación de cosas = rental of real property or goods (agreement)
Los plazos deben cumplirse estrictamente = terms to be necessarily complied with

Mandato (mandato cesa / funciones cesan) = commission / mandate expires

Más arriba = hereinabove
Mayor de edad = of age
Mayorista, comerciante al por mayor = wholesaler

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Medidas tendiente a = measures aimed at / designed to / intended to
Minorista = retailer
Mismo estado en que se encuentra = “as is” condition
Movilidad = transportation
Muestreo por atributos = attribute sampling
No obstante cualquier disposición
en contrario = notwithstanding any provision to the contrary
Nulo y sin efecto = null and void
Opinión consultative = advisory opinion
Oponible a terceros = binding on 3rd parties / enforceable against
3rd parties
Origen (de fondos) = source of (funds, etc.)

Pariente político = in-law

Persona física = individual / natural person
Persona jurídica = legal entity
Plantear un asunto = to pose an issue
Por parte de = by
Por el/la presente = hereby
Por el presente le hago saber que = please take notice that ...
Por lo tanto = consequently
Por persona/cabeza = per capita
Por su (propia) cuenta = at (his own) account / expense
Presentar documentos = submit documents to…
Presentar documentos ante el tribunal/ = to file documents with the court / authorities
autoridades (you file with the court; argue/appear before
the judge or court; bring a proceeding before
a court)
Presupuestos = assumptions/premises/suppositions or
budget/estimate (of expenses)
Prever = to provide (that / for), contemplate, envisage
Procuración (de expediente) = court proceedings (consult file/s)
Redactar = to draft, to draw up
Reembolso = reimbursement / refund / repayment(of a loan)
Reforma = amendment
… y sus reformas = as amended
Reintegrar (un préstamo) = pay off (a loan)
Remito = delivery note
Renunciar / desistir (reclamo, posesión) = relinquish (a claim, possession)
Renuncia a derechos = a waiver of rights
Requisitos de fondo y forma = requirements of substance and procedure
Salvando las eventualidades = barring unforeseen circumstances
Salvo disposición en contrario por escrito = unless otherwise agreed to in writing
Salvo disposición en contrario = unless otherwise provided
Secreto profesional médico = doctor-patient privilege
Según sea el caso / en su caso / según = as the case may be / if applicable / as
el caso appropriate
Según se establece en ... = as set forth in .../stated in / established in
Semestral = semi-annual (U.S.) / six-monthly / half-yearly

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Seña
Servicios públicos
Se solicita acuse de recibo
Sin perjuicio de lo anterior…
= down payment / deposit
= utilities
= return receipt requested
= notwithstanding the foregoing …(aforesaid /
aforementioned + noun)

Siempre y cuando: = 1 so long as

= 2 Provided (that) Y notá que usamos “,” si
empezamos la oración con la conjunción
Y no si empezamos con la otra cláusula
= 3 on condition that,
(y las puedes usar en tus ejemplo o en cualquier
otro contexto. son totalmente sinonimas las tres).
“You can go out today as long as you do your
homework
You'll have holidays(UK)provided you do your
job”
Provided you do your job, you'll have
holidays(UK) vacations (US

Sin receta (no se puede comprar) = not available over the counter
Subinciso = item / point

Tener presente = to bear in mind

Toda vez que / puesto que /dado que / = inasmuch as / since / given that
(en la medida en que = insofar as)
Tomar razón = to make a notation / to record
Trámites = formalities / procedures to be followed
Trámite (estar en) = (to be) pending
Tramitar ante un tribunal = to be pending before a court
Trimestralmente = on a quarterly basis
Venta libre = over the counter (sale)
Verosimilitud del derecho = credibility / plausibility (of the law / right)
Vigilancia electrónica = electronic surveillance

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