Anatomy I Tutoring

Session 1
Ramie Diaz
and
Amanda Evans
Worthwhile resources… Do practice questions!
● https://sites.google.com/a/umich.edu/bluelink/resources
● Kaplan Qbank: https://www.kaptest.com/login
● BRS Anatomy Book (Board Review Series)
● Dr. Zhuravlova’s folder for anatomy has a few more texts available as well
● The world wide web…
● Drill yourself too! (ex. If I cut this nerve, what movements would be weakened
or impossible?)
● There is a finite number of things to know, and there’s a finite number of ways
to ask about them. You Can Do It!!!

2
The red asterisk indicates what structure of the
vertebra?
A. Transverse process
B. Spinous process
C. Pedicle
D. Body
E. Lamina

3
The red asterisk indicates what structure of the
vertebra?
A. Transverse process
B. Spinous process
C. Pedicle
D. Body
E. Lamina
*

You should be able to discuss the

differences between vertebra in
different regions of the spine. 4
What does the cement line of lamellar bone
represent?
A. The walls of the canaliculi
B. The border between compact and cancellous bone
C. The limit of resorption
D. The border of bone deep to the periosteum

5
Answer: C The limit of resorption

A. The walls of the canaliculi

B. The border between compact and cancellous bone
C. The limit of resorption → Only found around secondary osteon (not primary
osteon)
D. The border of bone deep to the periosteum

6
Osteocytes can be found where in the bone?
A. Lacunae
B. Lamellae
C. Haversian canals
D. Medullary canal

7
Answer: A Lacunae
A. Lacunae
B. Lamellae
C. Haversian canals
D. Medullary canal

8
When reviewing the craniovertebral joints we noticed that these ligaments
have at least one attachment to the base of the skull except:

A. Membrane tectoria
B. Apical ligament
C. Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane
D. Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
E. Alar ligament
F. Transverse part of cruciate ligament
G. Vertical part of cruciate ligament

9
Answer: F Transverse part of cruciate ligament

A. Membrane tectoria: continuation of

posterior longitudinal ligament
B. Apical ligament
C. Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane:
continuation of anterior longitudinal
ligament
D. Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane:
continuation of ligamentum flavum
E. Alar ligament
F. Transverse part of cruciate ligament
G. Vertical part of cruciate ligament
10
The periosteum is secured to the bone by which of
the following?
A. Articular cartilage
B. Central haversian canals
C. Canaliculus
D. Sharpey’s fibers
E. Ligaments

11
The periosteum is secured to the bone by which of
the following?
A. Articular cartilage
B. Central haversian canals
C. Canaliculus
D. Sharpey’s fibers
E. Ligaments

12
A magician is practicing a magic trick in which a
volunteer lies supine in a box and he proceeds to cut
through the box with a saw as pictured below. Along
what plane does it appear she is being severed?

A. Coronal plane
B. Sagittal plane
C. Anterior plane
D. Transverse plane

13
Answer: D Transverse plane

A. Coronal plane
B. Sagittal plane
C. Anterior plane
D. Transverse plane

14
What type of cartilage makes up nearly all the fetal
skeleton?
A. Articular cartilage
B. Fibrocartilage
C. Hyaline cartilage
D. Elastic cartilage

15
What type of cartilage makes up nearly all the fetal
skeleton?
A. Articular cartilage
B. Fibrocartilage
C. Hyaline cartilage
D. Elastic cartilage

16
The following MRI is in which plane?
A. Transverse plane
B. Anteroposterior plane
C. Sagittal plane
D. Midsagittal plane
E. Coronal plane

17
Answer: D Midsagittal
A. Transverse plane
B. Anteroposterior plane
C. Sagittal plane
D. Midsagittal plane
E. Coronal plane

Bonus: What’s the difference

between sagittal, midsagittal and
parasagittal???

18
A young woman was texting while driving and rear-ended another vehicle
at a stop light. The sudden hyperflexion of her head/neck cause her to
tear a ligament in the cervical region of her spine. Which ligament did she
tear?
A. Anterior longitudinal ligament
B. Intertransverse ligament
C. Posterior longitudinal ligament
D. Supraspinous ligament

19
A young woman was texting while driving and rear-ended another vehicle
at a stop light. The sudden hyperflexion of her head/neck cause her to
tear a ligament in the cervical region of her spine. Which ligament did she
tear?
A. Anterior longitudinal ligament
B. Intertransverse ligament
C. Posterior longitudinal ligament
D. Supraspinous ligament

20
Which bone is not part of the axial skeleton?
A. Cervical vertebra
B. Hyoid bone
C. Pelvis
D. False rib
E. Incus

21
Answer: C Pelvis
A. Cervical vertebra
B. Hyoid bone
C. Pelvis
D. False rib
E. Incus

Axial skeleton: Skull, Auditory ossicles, Hyoid

bone, Vertebral column, Rib cage

Appendicular skeleton: Pectoral girdle, Upper

extremities, Pelvic girdle, Lower extremity

22
Match the following features with the proper
vertebra. (Thoracic, Cervical, Lumbar or Sacral?)
A. No vertebral body
B. Bifid spinous process
C. Body has one or two bilateral costal facets
D. Long, postero-inferiorly angled spinous process
E. Mamillary process present

23
Match the following features with the proper
vertebra. (Thoracic, Cervical, Lumbar or Sacral?)
A. No vertebral body: C1
B. Bifid spinous process: Cervical
C. Body has one or two bilateral costal facets: Thoracic
D. Long, postero-inferiorly angled spinous process: Thoracic
E. Mamillary Process present: Lumbar

24
What type of bone is a rib?
A. Long bone
B. Short bone
C. Flat bone
D. Thin bone
E. Irregular bone

25
Answer: C Flat bone
A. Long bone
B. Short bone
C. Flat bone
D. Thin bone
E. Irregular bone

Flat bone examples: cranial bones, ribs, bones of shoulder girdle→ have broad
surface for muscle attachment or protection of underlying organs

What are examples of the other listed bone shapes? (P.S. Thin bones aren’t a real
classification… I made that up.)

26
Flat bones utilize which pattern of ossification?
A. Endochondral ossification
B. Intermittent ossification
C. Reabsorptive ossification
D. Intramembranous ossification

27
Answer: D Intramembranous ossification
A. Endochondral ossification → Messenchyme→ Cartilage → Bone.
B. Intermittent ossification
C. Reabsorptive ossification
D. Intramembranous ossification → Bone forms directly from mesenchyme

28
25 year old Jimothy and his parents show up to your clinic
concerned about recent symptoms of unnatural, excruciating
pain in his bones following even the smallest knock. Upon
further questioning, he admits that he recently started a
vegan diet. His lab results reveal reduced phosphate and
Ca2+ levels. What is the likely diagnosis?

A. Osteoporosis
B. Osteomalacia
C. Osteopenia
D. Osteoid osteoma
E. Rickets

29
Answer: B Osteomalacia

A. Osteoporosis→ Bone resorption exceeds bone synthesis

B. Osteomalacia → Bones don’t get enough minerals, become soft and
weak/more prone to break. Occurs in young adults and older
C. Osteopenia → Bone mineral density lower than normal. Precursor to
osteoporosis
D. Osteoid osteoma → Painful neoplasms of long bones, usually in children
E. Rickets → Similar causes for osteomalacia, BUT affects only children

30
What is the term for the formation of new blood
cells?
A. Novocytopenia
B. Hematopoiesis
C. Hematocytosis
D. Plasmopoiesis
E. Apoptosis

31
Answer: B Hematopoiesis

A. Novocytopenia
B. Hematopoiesis: one of the functions of bone
C. Hematocytosis
D. Plasmopoiesis
E. Apoptosis → Programmed cell death

32
If a medical student who didn’t do anatomy practice
questions before his first quiz is rocking back and
forth in the fetal position after discovering his first
grade, what position is his hip in?
A. Extended
B. Flexed
C. Rotated
D. Laterally rotated

33
Answer: B Flexed

A. Extended
B. Flexed
C. Rotated
D. Laterally rotated

34
Which part of the Axis vertebrae (C2) if fractured can become susceptible
to avascular necrosis?
A. Transverse process
B. Lateral masses
C. Lamina
D. Spinous Process
E. Odontoid Process

35
Which part of the Axis vertebrae (C2) if fractured can become susceptible
to avascular necrosis?
A. Transverse process
B. Lateral masses
C. Lamina
D. Spinous Process
E. Odontoid Process

36
In adults, the spinal cord ends at which level?
A. L1
B. L2
C. L3
D. L4
E. L5
F. S1

37
In adults, the spinal cord ends at which level?
A. L1
B. L2
C. L3
D. L4
E. L5
F. S1

Bonus: Where does it end in

children? What level do you perform
a spinal tap? What’s an accurate
landmark?
38
Margaret is a 72 year old grandmother who lives
alone. Upon visiting her for vacation, her family
noticed that she is getting shorter and hunching over
more. What is the term for her condition?

A. Cervical lordosis
B. Kyphosis
C. Lumbar lordosis
D. Thoracic Extension

39
Margaret is a 72 year old grandmother who lives
alone. Upon visiting her for vacation, her family
noticed that she is getting shorter and hunching over
more. What is the term for her condition?
Bonus 1: Discuss the evolution of
the curvature of the spine from birth
to being an adult.
A. Cervical lordosis
B. Kyphosis → Dowiger’s hump.
C. Lumbar lordosis → common in
pregnancy
D. Thoracic Extension

40
Bonus 1: Discuss the evolution of
the curvature of the spine from birth
to being an adult.

Primary vs Secondary curvature 41

All of the following are functions of bone except?
A. Mechanical basis for movement
B. Hematopoiesis
C. Protein storage
D. Support for the body
E. Protection of vital structures

42
Answer: C Protein storage
A. Mechanical basis for movement
B. Hematopoiesis
C. Protein storage
D. Support for the body
E. Protection of vital structures

43
Which of the following are not traits of trabecular
bone?
A. Oriented along lines of stress
B. Component of spongy bone
C. Create intercommunicating spaces filled with red bone marrow
D. Have complete osteons
E. Found in long bone epiphyses

44
Answer: D Have complete osteons

A. Oriented along lines of stress

B. Component of spongy bone
C. Create intercommunicating spaces filled with red bone marrow
D. Have complete osteons→ Haversian system only found in compact bone
E. Found in long bone epiphyses

45
Osteoclasts are derived from which of the following?
A. Fibroblasts
B. Mesenchymal cells
C. Monocytes
D. Ectodermal embryonic layer

46
Answer: C Monocytes
A. Fibroblasts
B. Mesenchymal cells
C. Monocytes
D. Ectodermal embryonic layer

OsteoBlasts Build bone. OsteoClasts Consume bone. OsteoCYTES just SIT there
in their lacunae. (They’re still active, maintaining the bone matrix… This is just to
help you distinguish between cell types and functions. More to come about that in
histology).

47
What are the movements of the atlanto-occipital
joint? The atlantoaxial joint?

48
When an IV disc herniates, what is compressed?
A. Spinal nerve
B. Spinal root
C. Spinal tract
D. Posterior ramus

49
Answer: B Spinal root
A. Spinal nerve
B. Spinal root
C. Spinal tract
D. Posterior ramus

Tip: you should be able to sketch

this out on demand.

50
A young medical student was out drinking with
friends and decided he could fly. After leaping off the
Admin building, he fractured several bones. What
type of bone is the first to form during the healing
process?
A. Lamellar Bone
B. Cortical Bone
C. Woven Bone
D. Cancellous Bone

51
Answer: C. Woven Bone

A. Lamellar Bone
B. Cortical Bone
C. Woven Bone
D. Cancellous Bone

52
Bony trabeculae originate from what type of bone?

A. Lamellar Bone
B. Cancellous Bone
C. Woven Bone
D. Cortical Bone

53
Answer: B. Cancellous Bone or Trabecular Bone

A. Lamellar Bone
B. Cancellous Bone
C. Woven Bone
D. Cortical Bone

54
Which provides nutrients to cells in the osteon?

A. Lacunae
B. Volkmann Canals
C. Canaliculi
D. Haversian Canals

55
Answer: C. Canaliculi

A. Lacunae
B. Volkmann Canals
C. Canaliculi
D. Haversian Canals

56
Sandra is quite clumsy and recently fell down a flight
of stairs, fracturing her right arm. She did not have
adequate healthcare and developed an infection in
the bone. What part of the bone is the first to
develop an infection?
A. Metaphysis
B. Epiphysis
C. Diaphysis
D. Triaphysis

57
Answer: A. Metaphysis
Metaphysis is the most vascular and thus is the first place to develop an infection

A. Metaphysis
B. Epiphysis
C. Diaphysis
D. Triaphysis

58
During a lumbar puncture, what is the last layer
punctured prior to entering the vertebral canal?

A. Interspinous Ligament
B. Supraspinous Ligament
C. Ligamentum Flavum
D. Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

59
Answer: C. Ligamentum Flavum

A. Interspinous Ligament
B. Supraspinous Ligament
C. Ligamentum Flavum
D. Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

60
Spinal nerve roots emerge as spinal nerves through
which foramen?

A. Transverse Foramen
B. Vertebral Foramen
C. Formina Spinosum
D. Intervertebral Foramen

61
Answer: Intervertebral Foramen

A. Transverse Foramen
B. Vertebral Foramen
C. Formina Spinosum
D. Intervertebral Foramen

62
During a car accident, the passenger forcibly
extended her neck. After consulting the MRI, it was
discovered that structure in blue was damaged.
What is this structure?
A. Anterior Vertebral Ligament
B. Ligamentum Corpus Vertebrum
C. Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
D. Intervertebral Ligament

63
Answer: C. Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

A. Anterior Vertebral Ligament

B. Ligamentum Corpus Vertebrum
C. Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
D. Intervertebral Ligament

64
Where does the head of the 5th rib articulate?
A. Th5 inferior costal facet and Th6 superior costal facet
B. Th4 inferior costal facet and Th5 superior costal facet
C. Th5 transverse costal facet and Th6 superior costal facet
D. Th4 superior costal facet and Th5 transverse costal facet

65
Answer: B. Th4 inferior costal facet and Th5 superior costal facet
A. Th5 inferior costal facet and Th6 superior costal facet
B. Th4 inferior costal facet and Th5 superior costal facet
C. Th5 transverse costal facet and Th6 superior costal facet
D. Th5 superior costal facet and Th6 superior costal facet
Remember- The head of the rib articulates with
the Superior Costal Facet of the corresponding
vertebrae and the Inferior Costal Facet of the
previous vertebrae

The tubercle of the rib articulates with

the Transverse Costal Facet of the
corresponding vertebrae.

66
A student went running down the treacherous roads
of Saint Vincent and forcely everted her foot in a
pothole while running from stray dogs. Where was
the sole of her foot facing during the injury?

A. Toward the sagittal plane of the body

B. Toward the posterior aspect of the body
C. Away from the posterior aspect of the body
D. Away from the sagittal plane of the body

67
Answer: D. Away from the sagittal plane of the body

A. Toward the sagittal plane of the body

B. Toward the posterior aspect of the body
C. Away from the posterior aspect of the body
D. Away from the sagittal plane of the body

68
An example of a limited, fibrous joint that binds
bones is

A. Synchondrosis
B. Syndesmosis
C. Synarthrosis
D. Symphysis

69
Answer: B. Syndesmosis

A. Synchondrosis
B. Syndesmosis
C. Synarthrosis
D. Synostosis

70
What part of the IV disc is most commonly
responsible for a herniation?

A. Nucleus bulbosus
B. Annulus fibrosus
C. Pulpus necrosis
D. Nucleus pulposus

71
Answer: D. Nucleus pulposus

A. Nucleus bulbosus
B. Annulus fibrosus
C. Pulpus necrosis
D. Nucleus pulposus

72
What of the following is most radiolucent on an
X-Ray?

A. Air
B. Bone
C. Water
D. Barium

73
Answer: A. Air

A. Air
B. Bone
C. Water
D. Barium

74
The filum terminale is a continuation of which
meninge?

A. Arachnoid Mater
B. Pia Mater
C. Dura Mater
D. Ad mater

75
Answer: B. Pia Mater

A. Arachnoid Mater
B. Pia Mater
C. Dura Mater
D. Ad mater

76
During a clinical rotation, the attending physician
asks a medical student to assist in a
thoracocentesis. After the student locates the
appropriate intercostal space, where should the
student insert the needle? Why?

77
78