Name : Deka Eza .

S
Class : VIII C
No : 09

BEAR

Bears are wild animals. Although they are carnivore, most of them also
consume plants and fruits. There are only eight species of bears remaining in
the world, they are: Brown Bear, Polar Bear, Asian Black Bear, American Black
Bear, Sun Bear, Sloth Bear, Spectacled Bear and Giant Panda. Bears are
spread around the globe except for the Polar Bear which can only be found
in the North Pole.

Most bears can live up to 20 years. Each species can reach different body size
when they have fully grown up. Panda can grow up to 90 cm, Polar Bear can
grow up to 2 m, Brown Bear can grow up to 150 cm. The largest bear such as
Brown Bear can reach 600 kg in weight. With their heavy weight, they can still
swim well and they are still a good runner and a good climber too. They can
reach maximum speed in running at 40 km/h. They live in a cave or logs,
especially during the winter for hibernation that can take up to 100 days. Even
if they can stand on two feet like humans, but they are classified as caniforms
(doglike carnivorans) who walked on four legs. All of their body are covered
with thick skin and long fur. This is one of the reason they are being hunted by
humans since prehistoric times.
Bears have sharp claws on their hand that they can use to dig or to defend
themselves during a fight. Generally, bears have a huge and strong body with
short tail and small ears. Male bears usually have larger body than the female.
They have an excellent sense of smell that help them a lot in finding food.
 ANOA

Anoa is an animal similar to deer or buffalo-like, which is an interesting animal

because the species is only found in Sulawesi and Buton Island.

Anoa is also sometimes called midget buffalo or dwarf buffalo or utan cow. In
particular biology, this animal is a subgenus from Bubalus. There are two kinds
of anoa that can be found in Indonesia.

First is the type of anoa valley or lowland anoa (Bubalus depressicornis). This
type lives in lowland areas. Second, is an anoa mountain animal (Bubalus
quarlesi). It is hoped that living in the forest area is also called buffalo air.

Many consider this animal beautiful and attractive. Especially, the horn
section. However, because of this beauty, these animals are often hunted
because of their horns. In addition, local residents also hunt these animals for
meat.

Well, this time, we will discuss about unique and discussed animals that are
endemic to Indonesia, especially on Sulawesi Island. The type of anoa to be
discussed will be combined between the types of mountain anoa and anoa
valley.
CHICKEN

Chicken is the most popular domesticated fowl in the world with a total
population of more than 19 billion in 2011. Even if some people keep it at home
as a pet, but generally it is considered to be livestock because most people
keep it as a source of food for its meat and eggs. The ability of female chicken,
usually called as “hen”, to lay egg every day, give them the title “bird that
gives birth every day” since the mid-15th century BC. Chickens are omnivore.
They consume almost anything, starting from worm, insect, seeds, rice to lizard
and young mice. In their natural habitat, chickens can live up to ten years.

Chicken have several nickname that come from several places. The name
“cocks” refer to the adult male chickens with age of more than one year. This
nickname is used widely in the UK and Ireland. Meanwhile, the same chicken
is called “roosters” in United States, Australia and Canada. Another nickname
is used when we want to address to male chickens with age less than a year,
and the nickname is “cockerels”. As the world develop, some parts of the
world allow the implementation of surgical or chemical castration to the male
chicken. A castrated roosters are called “capons”. As for the female chicken,
there are two nickname for them, they are “hen” for the adult female chicken,
and “pullets” for the young female chicken.

Chickens have two legs with four fingers on each of it. They also have two wings
on each side of the body. All of their body is covered with plumage. Both adult
male and female chicken have additional flesh on their head called a comb
and also under their head called wattles. There are several difference
between male and female chickens, some of them are: there are an
additional part on each of rooster’s leg called as the spur (it is their weapon
during a fight), rooster’s plumage usually looks shiny and has a brighter color,
roosters usually have long tail.
 A Shark

A shark is a type fish that lives in the sea. It is one of the largest sea creatures.
There are over 350 species. A shark is shaped like a torpedo. It has tough skin
like sandpaper. Instead of bones it has elastic cartilage which helps them to
move easily. It can grow up to 8 meters. Sharks are found in all oceans the
world. The type of shark found will depend on the water's temperature. A shark
has to keep moving because it needs to breathe through its gills to keep alive.
When sharks are hungry, they look for food. Different sharks eat different food.
Harmless sharks eat plankton but harmful sharks eat meat. Sharks have up to
forty two babies (which are called pups) at a time. When the pups are born,
they leave straight away because the mother shark does not have teats. Some
sharks have their pups in different ways, some lay eggs while others have them
alive. When they are born, they need to defend themselves because they
have no help them. General Statement: A shark is a type of fish that lives in the
sea. It is one of the largest sea creatures Description (appereance, habitat,
behaviour, breeding): Shark are found in all oceans around the world. The type
of shark found will depend on the water's temperature. A shark has to keep
moving when it is asleep because it will either sink or suffocate. It has to keep
moving because it needs to breathe its gills to keep alive.
 TIGER

Tiger is considered to be the largest cat in the world. The scientific name of
tiger is Panthera tigris. They are carnivorous mammals. Nowadays, tigers are in
the list of endangered animals created by the International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN). It is recorded that the global population of tiger
in the wild is about 3,062 to 3,948 individuals (the number has dropped around
100,000 compared to the beginning of the 20th century).

Tigers have four leg and a very long tail. They have some retractable sharp
claws in their paws. They also have a muscular body. There are a mane-like fur
around their neck and jaws. The most typical part of their body is their skin. They
have a very unique dark vertical stripes pattern on their skin which make them
easy to recognize even when they were still a baby. Most tigers have orange
fur, but there are also golden and white tigers with golden and white fur. Most
tigers can live up to 20 years or more. A full grown tiger can run at 49 to 65
km/h. Adult male tigers can reach 310 kg in weight while the adult female
tigers can reach 170 kg.
 COMMON HOUSE GECKO

Common House Gecko is a reptile originated from Southeast Asia. In Indonesia

we called it “cicak” or “cecak”, and in the world some people may also know
them as Pacific House Gecko, Asian House Gecko, House Lizard or Moon
Lizard. The name “House Gecko” is given to them because they mostly be seen
sticking on the wall or on the ceiling of a house or another buildings. It is
believed that they spread around the world by ships. They can live up to five
years and reach the size of 75 to 150 mm when they are adult.

Common house gecko have flat body. They have four legs and one long tail.
When they are in danger they can lose their tail as a distraction that will
outwitted the enemy. Their eyes is located on each side of the head. Their gray
skin is very thin, it is almost transparent that we can see what is underneath it.
Their foot is full of super smooth hair with the size of 200 nanometer which allow
them to climb a wall. The texture of their body is very elastic, just like rubber. In
some countries in Asia, common house gecko have some nickname which
derived from the sound that they produce, some of them are: cicak, butiki, tiki,
alutiit, jing-jok.
 ZEBRA

Zebras are four-legged herbivorous mammal who belong to the Equidae

Family (horse family). They have a distinctive black and white stripes skin
pattern that became their identity within the Equidae family. There are three
species of them in the world, they are: the plains zebra, the mountain zebra
and the grevy’s zebra. They are originated from Africa.

The appearance of a zebra is similar to a horse, the difference is their skin

patterns. The black and white stripes on their skin help them to protect
themselves from the predator. It allows them to disrupt the focus of the
predator when they are moving in a group. The stripes may look the same for
human’s eye, but it is actually unique just like human fingerprint and it is
different from one zebra to the other.

Female zebra is ready for mating when they are three years old, while the male
will be ready for that when they are five years old. The color of a baby zebra is
brown and white, as they grow older it turns into black and white stripes. A full
grown zebra can reach the size of 2,6 m long. The body height can reach 1,3
m and the body weight can reach 350 kg. They can run at the maximum speed
of 56 km/h and their kick is strong enough to injure the enemy.
 LION

Lion is four-legged carnivorous mammal which has long been considered to

be one of endangered animals by International Union for Conservation of
Nature (IUCN). They are from the Felidae family and they are the second-
largest cat after the tiger. They live in a group and they usually inhabit
savannah and grassland. A group of Lion is called “a pride”, it may have up to
30 members, but mostly it consists of 15 members. The members of a pride are
male lions, female lions (usually called as “lioness”) and their offspring.

The body weight of a baby lion is about 1,2 to 2 kg. As they grow older, they
can reach a maximum body weight of 250 kg for the male lion and 185 kg for
the lioness. The length of an adult male lion can reach the size of 330 cm, while
the lioness can reach the size of 270 cm. Both male and female lions have
muscular body, this is the reason why they have so much energy to hunt other
animals which sometimes has a bigger body than them. They have broad
head, round ears, short neck, and a long tail. The tail can reach the size of 100
cm and it ends with a dark hairy tuft. Their skin color varies from light buff to
silverly gray, but some people also thought that their color is brown. The head
of a male lions is covered by thick mane which grow downward and
backward covering not only most of their head but also their chest. The color
of the mane is the combination of brown, yellow, rust and black.
 PIGEON

Pigeon refers to all birds of the family Columbidae and order Columbiformes.
They consist of 310 species. Some people may also know them as "Doves".
There is no clear distinction between the use of the word "pigeons" and "doves"
until today. But generally, the word "Pigeons" is used to address the species
known as the Rock Dove, while the word "Doves" is used to address a pigeon
that is white.

Pigeons exhibit various size and color based on their species. The smallest
species may have the size of 15 cm and weight 30 g, while the largest species
can grow up to 75 cm with the body weight of 2 kg. Some of their color are:
pale gray, white, brown, reddish and black. Most of them have two black bars
on their wings. They have a small head with short beak. Their body is compact
with two large and muscular wings and two short legs on it.

Pigeons can be found almost in any region in the world. They have been
domesticated since 10.000 years ago. they have been used by humans for
several purposes such as courier to deliver short written messages, sacred
symbols in a wedding ceremony, entertainment in a magic show and also as
a racing birds. Some species are also edible and they are served as food in
some places.
 DOG

The domestic dog has been one of the most popular working and companion animals
throughout human history. Although experts often disagree, there is scientific
evidence which shows that the domestication of dogs could have occurred more
than 15,000 years ago. In total there is said to be around 400 million dogs in the world.
Dogs perform many useful tasks for humans including hunting, farm work and security
as well as assisting those with disabilities such as the blind.

There are hundreds of different breeds of dogs.Examples of these breeds include:

Bulldog, German Shepherd, Collie, Golden Retriever, St Bernard, Greyhound,
Bloodhound, Chihuahua, Labrador, Great Dane, Rottweiler, Boxer and Cocker
Spaniel. The most popular breed of dog in the world by registered ownership is the
Labrador. With their gentle nature, obedience, intelligence and near limitless energy,
Labradors make for excellent family pets and reliable workers. They often assist police
and are a common choice as guide dogs.

Dogs have formed such a strong bond as pets, workers and companions to humans
that they have earned the nickname “man’s best friend”. Humans help train various
dog breeds to enter in competitions such as breed shows, agility and obedience
contests, racing and sled pulling.

Dog have superior hearing than humans, capable of hearing sounds at four times the
distance. Dogs have a remarkable sense of smell, they are capable of differentiating
odors in concentrations nearly 100 million times lower than humans can. The average
life span for a dog is around 10 to 14 years. Those involved in dog breeding refer to
males as ‘dogs’, females as ‘bitches’, dogs younger than a year old as ‘puppies’ and
a group of offspring as a ‘litter’. Domestic dogs are omnivores, they feed on a variety
of foods including grains, vegetables and meats.
 SPIDER

Spiders are eight-legged carnivorous arthropods. In certain situation, they can

also be a cannibal. Their main prey are insects. There are more than 45.000
species of spiders existed in the world and they occupy every continent except
Antarctica. Some species of spiders are considered to be dangerous for their
venomous bite.
Spiders have two body parts. The front part is called cephalothorax or
prosoma. This part consist of head and thorax (chest). The back part is called
the abdomen or opisthosoma. These two part is connected by a very thin joint
called as pedicle or pedicellus. The legs is attached on the front part
(cephalothorax). Their eyes are also located on this body part. Each species
of spiders have different number of eyes. Some of them have a pair of eyes
and some others have four pair of eyes. Some spiders have large fangs called
as chelicera, which help them to inject their venom to their enemy. Spiders do
not have mouth or teeth to chew the food, but they have a body part that
allow them to suck liquid from the body of their enemy. They have a gland
called as “the spinneret” which allow them to produce sticky webs. They can
use this sticky webs to trap the prey.