Sigmund

Freud
“A man should not strive to
eliminate his complexes but to get
into accord with them: they are
legitimately what directs his
conduct in the world.”
 Biography
 Born on May 6, 1856, in Freiberg, Moravia, which
is now Pribor, in Czech Republic
 He had two half-brothers, Emmanuel and Philipp
 His mother was the same age as his half
brothers. (this would later fuel some of his ideas)
 Freud's father was a Jewish wool merchant
 His family moved to Leipzig, Germany in1859,
and then settled in Vienna in 1860 where Freud
remained until 1938.
 He died in London on September 23, 1939.
 Backdrop to his Thought
 Freud himself was very much Freudian his
father had two sons by a previous marriage,
Emmanuel and Philip, and the young Freud.
 His masterpiece The Interpretation of Dreams
originated from his emotional crisis which he
suffered on the death of his father, and the
series of dreams to which this gave rise.
 After his fathers death he had mixed feelings
of love and admirations while having very
different thoughts of Shame and hate
 Freud did cocaine and lots of it.
Three components of personality
 Individuals feelings thoughts and behaviors are the result of
the interaction of the id, the ego, and the superego.
 The Id operates largely according to the pleasure principal
where by its tow main goals are the seeking of pleasure and
the avoidance of pain.
 The Ego is a where of reality and operates the reality
principal, it recognizes what is real and the behaviors have
consciences and it controls higher mental process of
reasoning and problem solving
 The Superego contains our are values and social morals.
They come from the rules of right and wrong from our
childhood that our parents taught us.
 Defense mechanisms
 When anxiety occurs the mind
responds by an increase of problem
solving thinking, seeking rational ways
of escaping the situation
 Denial, displacement, intellectualization,
projection rationalization, reaction formation,
regression and repression, and sublimation.
 Anxiety and tension
 Reality, neurotic, and moral anxiety
 SEX
 Freud had a fixation on sex.
 He developed a theory of how our
sexuality stats at a very young age and
develops through various fixations as one
gets older.
 Many of his theories was based on
pleasure principle, which was developed
because of sex.
 Age Name Pleasure source Conflict

Mouth: sucking, biting, Weaning away from

0-2 Oral
swallowing mother's breast

Anus: defecating or
2-4 Anal Toilet training
retaining faeces

Oedipus (boys),
4-5 Phallic Genitals
Electra (girls)

Sexual urges
sublimated into
sports and
6-puberty Latency hobbies. Same-sex
friends also help
avoid sexual
feelings.

Physical sexual
changes reawaken
repressed needs. Social rules
puberty onward Genital Direct sexual feelings
towards others
lead to sexual
(http://www.changin
gratification.
gminds.org/)
 Freud's other Big Ideas
 Ambivalence- love and admiration mixed
with very contrasting feelings of shame
and hate
 Oedipus complex- wishing ones real father
was dead, because he is a rival for ones
mother's affections.
 Three levels of awareness; conscious
mind, pre conscious mind and
subconscious mind.
 Are His Ideas Relevant?
 Although many of Freud's ideas are
abstracted and seem very strange, most
of his ideas and theories are still used to
determine the human psyche
 The bases of modern psychology is based
on his theories which make his ideas still
very relevant today.