FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC

ENGINEERING

BEJ10702 INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT

LECTERUR’S NAME: DR. NOORHAMIZAH BINTI MOHAMED NASIR

SECTION NAME STUDENT’S ID

1 AHMAD MUHAIMIN BIN MOHAMMAD ZAKI AE170020
1 MUHAMMAD AUJI BIN ZULKEFLI CE170020
1 MUHAMMAD IRSYAD BIN ROSDIN AE180079
1 NUR FATIN SYUHAIDAH BT MD DANORI AE180008
1 NUR MIEZA SYAMIMI BT AHMAD SHUHAIMI AE180042
 INTRODUCTION

Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil.[1] Since the
direct gravimetric measurement of free soil moisture requires removing, drying, and
weighting of a sample, soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content
indirectly by using some other property of the soil, such as electrical resistance, dielectric
constant, or interaction with neutrons, as a proxy for the moisture content.

The relation between the measured property and soil moisture must be calibrated and may
vary depending on environmental factors such as soil type, temperature, or electric
conductivity. Reflected microwave radiation is affected by the soil moisture and is used
for remote sensing in hydrology and agriculture. Portable probe instruments can be used by
farmers or gardeners.

Soil moisture sensors typically refer to sensors that estimate volumetric water content.
Another class of sensors measure another property of moisture in soils called water
potential; these sensors are usually referred to as soil water potential sensors and
include tensiometers and gypsum blocks.
WATER PRESURE FORMULA
 COMPONENT FOR SOIL SENSOR

Soil sensor

The Soil sensor is used to measure the water content (moisture) of soil when the soil is
having water shortage, the module output is at high level, else the output is at low level. This
sensor reminds the user to water their plants and also monitors the moisture content of soil. It
has been widely used in agriculture, land irrigation and botanical gardening.

Arduino Uno

Functions allow structuring the programs in segments of code to perform individual tasks.
The typical case for creating a function is when one needs to perform the same action
multiple times in a program
 LCD 16X12

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide
range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used
in various devices and circuits.

A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD
each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command
and Data.
The command register stores the command instructions given to the LCD. A command is an
instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it, clearing its screen, setting
the cursor position, controlling display etc. The data register stores the data to be displayed on
the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character to be displayed on the LCD. Click to
learn more about internal structure of a LCD.
CIRCUIT TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
 SOURCE CODE FOR ARDUINO TEMP/HUMIDITY

// include LCD library code

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

// include DHT library code

#include "DHT.h"

#define DHTPIN 8 // DHT11 data pin is connected to Arduino pin 8

// LCD module connections (RS, E, D4, D5, D6, D7)

LiquidCrystal lcd(7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2);

#define DHTTYPE DHT11 // DHT11 sensor is used

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE); // Initialize DHT library

char temperature[] = "Temp = 00.0 C ";

char humidity[] = "RH = 00.0 % ";

void setup() {

// set up the LCD's number of columns and rows

lcd.begin(16, 2);

dht.begin();

void loop() {

delay(1000); // wait 1s between readings

// Read humidity

byte RH = dht.readHumidity();
 //Read temperature in degree Celsius

byte Temp = dht.readTemperature();

// Check if any reads failed and exit early (to try again)

if (isnan(RH) || isnan(Temp)) {

lcd.clear();

lcd.setCursor(5, 0);

lcd.print("Error");

return;

temperature[7] = Temp / 10 + 48;

temperature[8] = Temp % 10 + 48;

temperature[11] = 223;

humidity[7] = RH / 10 + 48;

humidity[8] = RH % 10 + 48;

lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

lcd.print(temperature);

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

lcd.print(humidity);