EXPERIMENT 1

Synthesis and Characterization of Alkane, Alkene and Alkyne

(Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbon)

OBJECTIVE

1. To synthesize methane, ethane and ethyne

2. To characterize the prepared methane, ethane and ethyne

INTRODUCTION
HIRARC

Hazard identification Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC) is a guideline that
provide systematic and objective approach to assess hazard and the risk that will be provide
the objective measure of hazard identification as well to provide the method to control the risk.
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (ACT 514) were prescribed HIRARC. This provide
a safe workplace to employer to their employees and the other person related.

Hazard identification and assessment methodology should be follow the steps and time
frame in order to identifying and assessing the hazard by following person in charge for the
identification, the ways of identification report process and identified the time frame. There are
ways to identify HIRARC by classify the work activities. By identify the hazard type, analyzed
the hazard and estimate the risk factor for each hazard contain were the way to identify
HIRARC. There will be a risk for each identified hazard, and it must have preparation for risk
control action plan. To tackle this situation, there are some type of control to eliminate or
counter the hazard as at the source of the hazard such as, engineering control, administrative
control and personal protective equipment. By the evaluating and monitoring hazard control
during inspection, maintenance and other activities it is one of the ways to prepare the risk
control action plan. The technique to identify hazard and it is not limited, it can be our interest
to adopt the process so that it is match oner of management procedure and the size of business.
By conduction the Job Hazard Analysis it can allow works to doing their work in safe.
 ALKANE

Chemical compound consist of organic and inorganic compound and hydrocarbon are
organic compound that contain Carbon and Hydrogen atoms, Hydrocarbon were classified in
two type of acyclic or open chain and cyclic or closed chain of hydrocarbon. Methane is the
first members of hydrocarbon family. It can be prepare by reduction of any halogenated
derivatives of alkane. Open chain hydrocarbon is known as aliphatic compound that have
straight carbon chains and made up on single chains. It is consist of two type of saturated under
acyclic compound which were saturated and unsaturated compound. Alkanes are saturated
hydrocarbon because all carbon atom saturated with hydrogen atoms. There are some example
of alkanes like methane, pentane and propane. The chemical formula are :

Methane, CH4 Propane, C 2 H8 Pentane, C 5 H12

ALKENES
Alkenes are organic compound that categorized as unsaturated hydrocarbon and made
up of Carbon and Hydrogen. Alkene is carbon-carbon double bond and the synthesis of alkenes
is elimination of atom or group from two adjacent carbon atom. Carbon and Hydrogen are
saturated, but carbon double bond is unsaturated with the carbon and hydrogen. There is
example of alkenes such as propene, butene and pentene. The chemical formula for alkenes is
CnH2n.

Propene, C3H6 Butene, C4H8 Pentene, C5H10

 ALKYNES
Alkynes are organic compound that consist of Carbon, Hydrogen and one or more triple
bond of carbon. Alkyne are unsaturated compound because the triple bond carbon with carbon
and hydrogen. There are example of alkynes which is propyne, butyne and pentyne and the
chemical formula are CnH2n+2.

Propyne, C3H4 Butyne, C4H6 Pentyne, C5H8