Stacy Jefferson

English 1201
Professor Cassel
17 March 2019

Annotated Bibliography

I have chosen infant mortality rates in Franklin County as the topic of my research paper. The
question I am posing is why are infants much more likely to die in Franklin County, specifically
in low-income communities? What health disparities are contributing most to these staggering
statistics and how can we move towards more infants celebrating their first birthday.
CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 13th August 2018. Document. 3rd March
2019.
This source provides causes of infant mortality. It also provides infant mortality rates by states
and ethnicity. Along with CDC activities regarding this epidemic: “CDC is committed to
improving birth outcomes. This requires public health agencies working together with health
care providers, communities, and other partners to reduce infant mortality in the United
States”. The CDC is a credible source for collecting data for infant mortality across the country. I
plan to use this source for statics and showing infant mortality across different ethnicities. This
source will bring awareness to some causes of health disparities leading to infant death in
America.
CelebrateOne. CelebrateOne. 5th May 2018. Website. 3rd January 2019.
CelebrateOne is a city funded organizations-task force that has significantly improved infant
outcomes across central Ohio. This initiative focuses in Franklin county infant mortality
specifically and has 2018 date. CelebrateOne has collaborated with the City of Columbus in an
effort to bring awareness and a reduction in infant mortality. This source is creditable and
backed by the City of Columbus. This source provides information about the resources available
to pregnant moms and dads to be to help prevent infant deaths and support a health
pregnancy. Access to healthcare, assistance with providing needs to baby and mom to be.
Along with support options available and information for healthy pregnancy and birth.
Chen, Alice. NBCI, Why Is Infant Mortality Higher in the United States Than in Europe? 4th May
2016. Journal. 3rd March 2091.
This source is from the Nation Library of Medicine. It combines detailed data if the US infant
mortality rates disadvantages related to those of other countries around the world. I intend to
use this source to show statistical research of infant mortality in the US vs other countries. This
source shows how infants born in impoverished countries are see high life expectancy than
those of American infants. This source is a credible American Economic Journal on a
government website, written by Alice Chen, Emily Oster, and Heidi Williams.
Health, Ohio Department of. Ohio Department of Health. 8th December 2018. Document. 3rd
March 2019.
This source is from the Ohio Department of Health. This source provides current data of infant
deaths in Columbus Ohio in the last three years: “COLUMBUS – The number of Ohio infants
who died before their first birthday declined to 982 in 2017 from 1,024 in 2016, according to a
new report released by the Ohio Department of Health (ODH). It was only the second time
since the state began keeping records in 1939 that Ohio had fewer than 1,000 infant deaths in a
year, with the first time occurring in 2014. At the same time, the disparity in birth outcomes
continued in 2017, with black infants dying at three times the rate as white infants”. I intend to
use this information to show these deaths can be preventable and change is possible over time.
I also plan to show that black babies are more likely to die than white babies are. This source is
on a credible government website and published by the Ohio Department of Health.
Livingston, Ivor Lensworth. "Handbook of Black American Health: The Mosaic of Conditions,
Issues, Policies, and Prospects ." Livingston, Ivor Lensworth. Greenwood Press, 1994.
Book.
This book explains how life expectancy for a black child is shorter than that of a white child in
America. This source also goes into health disparities in low-income black communities that
contribute to poor health outcomes in black infants.
One Life. Dir. YOUR STORY ON FILM. 2016. Vimeo
This is a film featuring familes who have all lost a child due to infant mortality. This is a amazing
resource that brings many faces and life stories that many of us can relate to. I believe is give
the topic a sense of reality that famlies are faces loss as a result of this epidemic.
Sciences, Department of Psychological and Brain. PUBMED.GOV, Maternal stress and infant
mortality: the importance of the preconception period. 7th May 2013. Article. 3rd March
2019.
This source deals with mental health/maternal stress and it affect birth outcomes. I intent to
use this source to show that when moms are dealing with health disparities such as housing,
crime, incarceration, access to healthy foods, access to quality healthcare and healthcare
education play a large role in the likelihood of an infant reaching it’s first birthday. When mom
can get what she need she is more likely to have a healthy full-term baby that thrives. This is a
credible source from the Department of Psychology and Brain Science, Indiana University.
Swoboda, Christine M., et al. “Effectiveness of an Infant Mortality Prevention Home-Visiting
Program on High-Risk Births in Ohio.” Public Health Nursing, vol. 35, no. 6, 2018, pp. 551–
557., doi:10.1111/phn.12544.

This source talks about the benefits for home-visiting programs to combat infant mortality. This
is a credible source, a journal from the Sinclair Library. The OIMRI (The Ohio Infant Mortality
Reduction Initiative) is a home‐visiting program that aims to reduce infant mortality among
infants of high‐risk black women. This initiative is funded by the Ohio Department of Health and
administered by the Ohio Colleges of Medicine Government Resource Center therefore is
credible. This source goes into details about American ranking for infant mortality amongst 194
countries. The specific causes of infant mortality in the United States and large disparity
between black and white infants. The source also goes into the specific mortality rates for Ohio.
In 2015, “the state of Ohio had the sixth highest infant mortality rate (IMR) among all states.” I
plan to use this source to provide more insight into the contributing factors and the benefits for
community health work and nurse home visiting. The strategies and results this initiating has
been seeing.