Final Compilation

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Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE
 Table of Content
• Research of Five Major Religions

• The Inspirational Positivity Of Hindu Temples & Worship

• Refugee World Regions (Middle East, Asia/Southeast Asia, Africa, Central America/Caribbean Islands)

• Displacement and Shelter (Syria)

• Natural Disaster Research

• Emergency Shelter

• Poverty throughout the World

• Community Center (San Bernardino)

• Gender Inequality

• Gender Facility

• Reflection Essay

• Work Cited

• References
Research of Five Major
Religions
 Religion
Judaism: Judaism is a religion that
centers around three ideas—God, Torah,
and Israel. Judaism is one of the oldest
religions known to humanity and
provides the historical roots for most
other religions.
Anglican: in general allows for significant
freedom and diversity within the bounds
of scripture, reason and tradition.
Islam: is one of the largest religions in
the world, with over 1 billion followers.
It is a monotheistic faith based on
revelations received by the Prophet
Muhammad in 7th-century Saudi Arabia.
Hinduism: The broad term "Hinduism"
encompasses a wide variety of
traditions, which are closely related and
share common themes but do not
constitute a unified set of beliefs or
practices. Hinduism is not a
homogeneous, organized system. Many
Hindus are devoted followers of Shiva or
Vishnu, whom they regard as the only
true God, while others look inward to
the divine Self (atman). But most
recognize the existence of Brahman, the
unifying principle and Supreme Reality
behind all that is.
Buddhism: Buddhism began in India
2,500 years ago and remains the
dominant world religion in the East. .
Buddhist concepts have also been
influential on western culture in general,
particularly in the areas of meditation
and nonviolence .
Fie Major Religions Overview
Similarities Differences
One God
Worship Circumcision at birth, bar/bat mitzvah at
adulthood, observing Sabbath, wearing
tallit and tefilin, prayer services.
Very diverse and has sometimes caused
strain with regard to issues of authority
and comprehensiveness of the Anglican
Worship Communion, which is especially apparent
after the recent ordination of a practicing
homosexual bishop in North America,
which most other Anglican churches do not
agree with
Five Pillars: Faith, Prayer, Alms, Pilgrimage,
Fasting. Mosque services on Fridays.
One God
Ablutions before prayer. No alcohol or
pork. Holidays related to the pilgrimage
and fast of Ramadan.
One God (One Supreme
Reality (Brahman))
Yoga, worship (puja), devotion to a god or
Meditation
goddess, pilgrimage to holy cities, live
Worship
according to one's dharma. Reincarnation
Hindu thought has influenced
based on karma.
the West indirectly by way of
religious movements
Various Beliefs: Theravada atheistic;
Meditation
Mahayana more polytheistic. Buddha
Influential on western
taught nothing is permanent.
culture in general
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 Hinduism and the Puja Worship Room
Photo by: Renita Pereira. The location of your Puja should propagate to the north-east direction so as to harness maximum energy from the sun.

After doing in-depth research, I discovered that the

main worship area that the Hindu religion resides to is the
Puja room. This room can logistically be put in a well-suited
room in a home, apartment or small lit room at your
business. It is not ideal to be put in a room without any
natural lighting, but if you don’t have access to a window
near by you can put some accent lighting near the Idol of
worship choice. Items that are placed in the worship puja
room are, offerings, an idol (statue or picture) and lamp to
light up the Idol/lord. Areas to put the worship room
shouldn’t be a room with or near a lot of crowds. This
worship area is a place meant for meditation and peace, so
there needs to be room for long amounts of time to sit and
meditate. Along with a clean area open space for
Fig.1 Hindu Temple meditation, there should also be room for a small chair or
pillow. As this is a worship room, the environment should
be a focus of a positive energy, having incense in the puja
room is a good reflection of positivity.

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Hinduism and Puja Worship Room Research Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE
 Fig.2 Hindu Temple

Photo by: Eric Lowenbach Hindu Templein Chino Hill, Ca.

In the Hindu religion another way to worship is in a temple, inside the temple there are different areas to worship. Unlike a typically church with an alter and seating areas to listen to the
preacher, the temple is a place to do individual worshipping to a shrine. The architecture a a hindu temple is so apparent and unique. You could spot one without a second look, Hindu
temple architecture combines harmony and symmetry with a high degree of outer adornment. Elements are designed to have correct proportions and exert a positive influence on their
surroundings. What makes the architecture so beautiful is the way the small details harmonize and mix with the massive architecture (Temple).

Hindu Temple Design Overview:

Hindu temples: 1) to be made of stone

2) to have a pillared hall followed by tower-topped sanctum, with the hall preferably preceded by a porch

3) to be adorned on the outside with carvings of Hindu gods and goddesses and scenes from the Mahabharata and the Ramayana.

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Hindu Temple Research Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE
 SKETCHES

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Hindu Influenced Prayer Area Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
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The Inspirational Positivity Of
Hindu Temples & Worship
 HINDU Temple References and Inspiration

Fig.1 Hindu Temple India Fig.2 Hindu Temple Nepal Fig.3 Hindu Temple India

Hindu Temples and worship areas are open area concepts to help initiate a positive flow through the temple and give space for all to worship any
idol of choosing.

Fig.4 Hindu Temple Indonesia Fig.5 Hindu Temple Indonesia

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Hindu Temple Inspiration Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE
 Fig.6 Hindu Architecture

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Hindu Temple Inspiration Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE
 Hindo temples are open areas that focus on
meditation and worship independently.
Massive columns still exist in Historic Hindu temples. Many
columns have idols within them and can be used during
individual worship time.
Worship Room Poster
At the North end of the temple there can be a
stage with a shrine or idol to gather and worship.
This also is an open area.
The Hindu temple architecture is an open,
symmetry driven structure, with many variations,
on a square grid of padas, depicting perfect
geometric shapes such as circles and squares.
CONCEPT STATEMENT
Geometry and celestial elements
were used to create these wonderful
Hindu temples. To help keep the
tradition of the Hindu culture,
vibrant positive colors along with
clean fresh colors will define a true
Hindu space. The graceful and
dominate columns will be
Positive Colors and clean areas around the shrine incorporated to bring peace and
or idol help bring forth positively within the space. stability.
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Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE
Refugee World Regions
Middle East, Asia/Southeast Asia, Africa, Central America/Caribbean Islands
 Fig.1 Phew Research Center

• As I conducted my research on the middle east, something that really stood out to me in my findings
was internal displacement (1). In the middle east, one-in-twenty personnel (5.6%) are displaced (Fact
Tank) and one of the main countries that is suffering from the refugee epidemic is Syria. Today 13.1
million people in the country need humanitarian assistance (World Vision). The Syrian unrest started
in 2011 upon the rise of peaceful anti-government protests that turned violent, thus turning each small
entity, religion and culture in country against each other. With no one to trust and no one to really take
charge to create stability, the internal war still exists today and sadly has left citizen’s dead, without a
home and lost as to what the next day will offer. To escape the fear of loosing their lives and families,
more than 11 million Syrians have become refugees (2). Numerous countries have taken Syrian
refugees in. But, along with taking more people into their countries, comes financial, food and
economic support. When Syrians escaped into northern Iraq at a newly-opened border crossing.
Syrians became trapped by that country's own internal conflict, and Iraq is struggling to meet the needs
of Syrian refugees on top of 2.6 million internally displaced Iraqis (Mercy Corps).

• On a daily bases there are millions of families that try to cross the borders of neighboring country and
even try to flee to European countries. The hardship with traveling in the seas they are not familiar
with, most times they don’t make it to their destination. As far as refugee camps are concerned, they
are in numerous places. Yet , they are all open to being attacked and fully demolished. At the moment
Zaatari, Syria city has a very successful refugee that provides the most assistance. Jordan’s Zaatari, was
the first official refugee camp that opened in July 2012, which gets the most news coverage because it is
the destination for newly-arrived refugees. It is also the most concentrated settlement of refugees:
Approximately 80,000 Syrians live in Zaatari, making it one of the country’s largest cities (Mercy
Corps).
(1) Internally displaced people (IDPs) have not crossed a border to find safety. Unlike refugees, they are on the run at home.
IDPs stay within their own country and remain under the protection of its government, even if that government is the reason for their
displacement. They often move to areas where it is difficult for us to deliver humanitarian assistance and as a result, these people
are among the most vulnerable in the world.
(2) A refugee is someone who has been forced to flee his or her country because of persecution, war, or violence. A refugee has a
well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social
group. Most likely, they cannot return home or are afraid to do so. War and ethnic, tribal and religious violence are leading causes
of refugees fleeing their countries.

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Syria Refugee Research Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE Fig.2 UNHCR Syria Research
 Fig.3 Al Jazeera Myanmar Research

• As a person who has researched many cultures within my Naval career, I have encounter and helped
civilian in Burma, but didn’t known about the Rohingya (1) culture or even heard of them. So, why have
we never heard about this culture and why are they the biggest fleeing culture/refugees in Southeast Asia.
Shortly after Myanmar's independence from the British in 1948, the Union Citizenship Act was passed,
defining which ethnicities could gain citizenship. According to a 2015 report by the International Human
Rights Clinic at Yale Law School, the Rohingya were not included (AlJazeera). And with that, this culture
have no rights, freedom, can’t vote or practice anything to get ahead in life. And in 1982, a new
citizenship law was passed, effectively rendering the Rohingya stateless. Under the law, Rohingya were
again not recognized as one of the country's 135 ethnic groups (AlJazeera). There are so many families
and lives that are Internally Displaced because they simply have no rights to anything in their lives. They
get taken advantage of and are used for trafficking, sex or simply get murdered. Just like the middle east
refugees, they try to flee to other countries via the sea, but never make it. Persecution in Myanmar, also
known as Burma, has forced Rohingyas to rely on people smugglers in order to migrate elsewhere in the Fig.4 Myanmar Refugee Timeline
region, in Asia’s biggest mass exodus by boat since the end of the Vietnam War. It’s a journey of
immense risk: The smugglers who arrange the trips often mislead, exploit, extort, enslave, or sell their
charges. Migrants have faced the worst possible consequences, finding themselves stranded at sea with
nowhere to go. Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia all have refused to let migrant boats land on their
shores, and thousands of Rohingyas — the exact number isn’t known — now find themselves on floating
prisons( Foreign Policy).

• The turmoil is so immense and really has been ongoing for so long. Other countries want to help, but
with the vast amount of people that are trying to seek hope and aid aren’t having a getting any assistant.
Another factor that is playing against them is that they are of Muslim decent. With all the terrorism that is
occurring from Muslim terrorist groups, it is just not helping their cause or leading towards a better future.
(1) The Rohingya are an ethnic group, the majority of whom are Muslim, who have lived for centuries in the
majority Buddhist Myanmar. Currently, there are about 1.1 million Rohingya in the Southeast Asian country.

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Burma Refugee Research Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE
 Fig.5 Somalia UNHCR

• Africa has always been a country that is keen to watch and honestly humbles the heart when you see or
experience what they are going through. The one area that certainly stands out and has really never had a
functional government, has had internal wars and dominant terrorist groups that command this area, is
Somalia. Once their government collapsed in the early 90’s, nothing has really been the same. A civil war
broke out along with this government unrest, leading to so many refugees. About 500,000 Somali refugees
fled to Kenya, while nearly 250,000 went to Ethiopia. Most of those who went to Kenya settled in the
expansive Dadaab refugee camp, which was designed to handle just 160,000 refugees but is currently
home to half a million (Refugee). The impact of nearly two-and-a-half decades of armed conflict in
Somalia, compounded by drought and other natural hazards, challenges the resilience and the coping
mechanisms of Somalia’s most vulnerable citizens. The armed group Al-Shabaab maintains control over a
significant portion of the country and carries out indiscriminate attacks which have killed or injured
hundreds of civilians in the past year alone (Amnesty).
Fig.6 Resettlement
• Other factors that ae hindering this country is HIV, famine and assistance from neighboring countries that
honestly can’t help themselves. The lack of clean water in Somalia has also triggered a cholera outbreak
which killed at least 1,155 people between January and July 2017 (Amnesty).

• Most recently the Neighboring country Kenya has closed one of their main refugee camps and have made
citizens return to Somalia. With the droughts, no food and being back to a displacement status. Somalia is
now getting over crowded and their own refugee camps that were once nice, have become a place of
hopelessness.

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Somalia Research Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE
 Fig.7 Child Refugees
• Central American refugee or migrant areas of that have the most immense concern is call the “Northern
Triangle”. This triangle has families and youth fleeing from this area due to heavy crime and violence in their
countries, with Honduras being the murder capital of the world (American). With all the violence and crime
surrounding their lives, fleeing has been and continues to be the way out. With their fleeing area being the
United States, the risk is high and the chance of crossing into our boarders is slim and the sheer scale of
population displacement is breathtaking. More than 161,000 people from these three countries applied for
asylum to the US between 2011-2016. At least 714,000 more are internally displaced (Guardian). The citizens
of these countries fear their lives because the gang led organizations want control and power. And the means
they are taking to gain this power, is peoples lives.

• A significant number of the displaced are using illegal means to move, including human smuggling networks.
Many never make it to their intended destination; at least 75,000 people have gone missing from the northern
triangle countries over the past 15 years. Women and girls are especially vulnerable to victimization of all types
(Migration). And most parents are sending children refugees at drop points calling for asylum in the U.S. in
hopes to save their children's lives. Women are a big target in these refugee countries and are the main ones Fig.8 Fleeing
fleeing for their lives. The U.S. is really cracking down on refugees coming into our country due to the
criminal backgrounds and violent up bringing that they are bringing it into our country. So, as other refugee
countries to find hope, most times hope is lost and life prevails.

“Northern Triangle” : The Northern Triangle region of Central America includes the small, but strikingly violent countries of El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala.

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El Salvador, Guatemala & Honduras Research Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE
 Refugee Inspiration: The Middle East

Fig. 11 ONE OF THE LAST STANDING SYRIAN MOSQUES

Fig. 9 MOSQUE ENTRYWAY Fig. 10 DAMASCUS, SYRIA MOSQUE

Fig. 12 SYRIAN REFUGEE ARCHITECTURE

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Middle East Inspiration Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE
 Middle East Architecture : Sketches

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Middle East Architect Inspiration Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE
 Refugee Region Essay: The Middle East
The study of Syria and the middle east has been second nature to me. I have been doing Intel in the Navy for 17 years now and have gained so much knowledge about these
countries, that it really has inspired me to use my interior design skills to help build and design homes for them all one day. The middle east has some magnificent
architecture. I have been to Bahrain and Dubai often and am just in heaven when I go there. My friends often laugh at me because all I want to do is look at the buildings.
What I have discovered is that the Middle East is the birthplace of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, all monotheistic religions that grew from the same tradition. Religion plays
a large part in the rhythm of daily life, not only through prayer and study, but also in determining the end of the work week. Shops in different neighborhoods close down on
Fridays for the Muslim holy day, Saturdays for the Jewish Sabbath, and Sundays for the Christian day of rest (PBS).(So when I wanted to go shopping during these times, it was
a no go). The middle east in between so many other countries, so there are a lot of different cultures and beliefs that are spread throughout. Now, this is good and bad. When
different religions and beliefs come together, conflict can occur and civil wars or over taking of countries begin as they have in Syria and other surrounding countries. One very
important aspect that stood out to me while I volunteered at a local hospital in Bahrain was the very warming feel they had for their families. They respect every aspect of
where they came from. The malls even numbers of stores for women, men and children. It was simply amazing. All of this is brought fourth in their architecture. They
symbolize family and religious traditions in their homes and when I child is born they have immense size rooms. It’s pretty much an apartment and soo many flowers and
cakes are awaiting the mother in the Hallway. My breathe was simply taken away when I did this volunteer event. As I did some more research I did find out more about
Syria's dwindling architecture that I hope we all can soon restore. Stone Walls Stone was the main building material used in most Syrian cities. It was also used to build houses
in some villages were it is a widely available raw material, such as in Ezra’a (Meda). There were many types of stones, and they differed from area to area and city to city:
limestone was used in Aleppo while limestone and basalt were used in Damascus. Another aspect you see in their architecture is arches. There are many ways to construct
arches: these change according to the different building typologies used in the Syrian areas, but in general they are mainly used to shorten the span. Arches are frequently used
in urban architecture and are widely used in the architecture of important buildings and religious structures (Meda). A new type of arch is popular today: it consists of
components making the arch look like a group of books tightly placed together; this style can be considered an advanced version of the ribbed arch. Looking at the current
state of traditional architecture in Syria, we notice that it suffers from many damages inflicted upon it by the wear and tear of time, worsened by weather damages and neglect;
this is especially true in rural areas, whereas some cities have lately started rehabilitation and maintenance programs to preserve their traditional architecture. In Aleppo, a
program for the rehabilitation of the Old City of Aleppo has been initiated while a similar program has also been established to preserve and maintain the Old City of
Damascus (Architecture Digest).

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The Middle East Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE
Displacement and Shelter
Essay and Sketches
Syria (Sunni Religion)
When you think of the word homeless, you may think of people who have failed in life, don’t know how to take care of
themselves or they are broke. As there are many definitions of homelessness. The Healthcare for the Homeless council define
homelessness as “an individual who lacks housing (without regard to whether the individual is a member of a family), including
an individual whose primary residence during the night is a supervised public or private facility (e.g., shelters) that provides
temporary living accommodations, and an individual who is a resident in transitional housing.” We see it every day and frankly
always feel the need to help in some way, but don’t know how. There are many homeless or citizens around the world without a
home. Some situations cause people to be without a home for circumcises that are just out of their control. A big factor in Syria
and other countries outside of the U.S. is displacement, “Displacement refers to the forced movement of people from their
locality or environment and occupational activities. It is a form of social change caused by a number of factors, the most
common being armed conflict.” Currently in Syria they are in a heated civil war and so many citizens have been forced out of
their home by the unforgiving regime or because their home was damaged due to combat actions. So many historic buildings
and homes have been destroyed leaving millions homeless and displaced. Once a Syrian citizen has been displaced or has
become homeless, most times they must find temporary shelter. Webster’s dictionary defines a temporary shelter as a dwelling
place or home considered as a refuge from the elements: Everyone's basic needs are food, clothing, and shelter or a building
serving as a temporary refuge or residence for homeless persons, abandoned animals, etc. Tents, old palaces and blown up
ruble become temporary shelters for most families, more often than it should in Syria, but as time has past this is the norm. As Fig. 1 Syrian Refugees Are Aiding the Homeless
most Syrians are Sunni’s prayer and worship are a daily factor of their lives and in times of hardship prayer and worship are very
scared to them. In temporary homes and shelters it may be a bit difficult to worship as they would in a mosque. The typical
worship routine entails a washing facility, as cleanliness is a prerequisite to prayer, demonstrating humility before God. One also
must remove one's shoes before entering the mosque or worship area. The interior has no altar; it is simply an open carpeted
space. Because Muslims are supposed to pray facing Mecca, there is a small niche carved into the wall that points to the
direction in which that city lies (Culture). Keeping to ones culture, religion and keeping close to family is one very important
factor in times of need and destitution and at the moment that all the Syrian citizens have.

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Displacement and Shelter Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE
 Syria Shelters and Historic Mosques

Fig. 2 Destroyed Historic Mosque Fig. 5 Tent Shelters

Fig. 4 Stone Shelters

Fig. 6 Hard shell Shelter

Fig. 3 Mosque Entryway
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Syria Architecture Inspiration Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
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 Syria (Sunni Religion) Shelter Idea: Sketches

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Syria Inspired Sketches Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE
Natural Disaster Research

2013 Earthquake
Central Philippines

2012 Hurricane Sandy

Natural disasters can occur at a moments notice and can consist of storms, earthquakes, tornadoes, hurricanes etc.. And in this decade can be detected much sooner than
they used to be years ago. But, these natural disasters can take unexpected turns leaving those in their tracks unprepared and fighting for their lives. Two historic natural
disaster that differ in range, but have a very unique historic learning value are Hurricane Sandy in late 2012 and the 7.2 earthquake in the Philippines. Hurricane Sandy,
affecting the Atlantic region and “was the deadliest and most destructive hurricane of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season, as well as the second-costliest hurricane in United
States history.”(Sandy) The 7.2 earthquake in the central Philippines “was the deadliest earthquake in the Philippines in 23 years since the 1990 Luzon
earthquake.”(Earthquake). Both of these disasters had historic numbers of deaths. Many years prior to these instances their were similar disasters that hit records, but had
significantly less deaths. Hurricane Sandy received immediate donations internationally and nationally for food, housing and clothing. And soon after these donations the
CDP Hurricane Sandy Disaster Fund was established to invest in long-term projects that fill gaps where public resources are unavailable or scarce. As soon as the News
released word of the 7.2 earthquake in the Philippines, there was a great amount of help from the local government, international and national teams. One particular
International team set foot in the Philippines within 24hrs and “launched Project Bohol, keeping a rotating queue of 70+ live-in volunteers from around the world to assist the
communities that were lost.”(Volunteer) During the earthquake at least 195 people were killed, 50,000 houses damaged, nearly 350,000 people displaced and “more than
70,000 people have taken refuge in evacuation centers, but 80 percent of the displaced are living out in the open beneath makeshift shelters.” (Volunteer) After Hurricane
Sandy hit most were out of power and some homes were unlivable, but survivors went back to their homes to rebuild what they had and remained in their homes until they
had power. Shelters that the Red Cross and others provided during Hurricane Sandy were Gymnasiums and big warehouses. During the Philippine earthquake response the
emergency shelters were destroyed during the earthquake or were scarce, “families lived in the open, under cramped, hastily built makeshift structures from thin used tarps
and other salvaged materials that provide inadequate shelter.”(Earthquake) The enormous support that both of these countries received was breathtaking and really shows
how all of the countries around the world can come together when disaster strikes. Faith and religion play a big part of pulling through when it comes to catastrophes and
within Hurricane Sandy there were many debates on whether or not the government or relief foundation should pay for the damages, This really effected the comminutes
outlook on the somber environment. They hoped a fight or debate would be the last thing on their minds. In the Philippines this disaster brought the faith and resilience into
some communities, but some religious organizations, private sectors and local individuals distrusted the local and national government, so avoided collaboration and
coordination. (Earthquake) The recovery and rebuilding phases of these areas are coming to a close, but still will take time to recover mentally and physically.

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Hurricane Sandy & Earthquake Central Visayas, Philippines Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE
 Sandy and Philippine Shelters

Fig. 1 ECO Shelter for the Philippines

Fig. 3 Tent Shelters for Hurricane Sandy

Fig. 4 School Emergency Shelter Hurricane Sandy

Fig. 2 Reused Materials for Philippine Shelter

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Hurricane Shelter Inspiration Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE
 Philippine/Sandy Shelter Sketches

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Hurricane Shelter Sketches Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE
Emergency Shelter Poster

Philippine Long Term Emergency Shelter Project

 Philippine Earthquake/flood Shelter Sketches

The Philippines have had various natural disasters

occur in their country. So, I decided to create long
term emergency homes that will sustain
earthquakes and flooding from typhoons and heavy
rain storms. I chose bamboo roofing elements
because if an earthquake occurs, a heavy object
won’t be above civilians and protrude downward
and harm anyone. Bamboo is also long lasting so I
wanted to incorporate this within the walls with a
sheets metal trim to keep the shelter insulated and
protective. Philippines have a Christian religious
background, so crosses and pictures of Jesus related
décor will be incorporated throughout the common
areas. The foundation of the home will have 6ft
stilts and a clay based foundation to protect the
home from water when it floods, while the clay will
help the flooring stay together if an earthquake were
to occur.

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Hurricane/Flood Shelter Poster Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE
Poverty throughout the World

Religious or Cultural
Regions issues
Central African In the recent years several religious
clashes especially between
Republic (CAR) Christians and Muslims have
occurred.
Miskolc, Hungary Roma (Romani person), who
number somewhere between
400,000 and 800,000 in Hungary,
are the prime targets for
rightwing hate and more
general discrimination.
San Bernardino, Ca San Bernardino County is now
majority Latino and Riverside
County is expected to become
majority Latino within a few
years. Non-Hispanic whites now
comprise less than 35 percent
of the counties’ population,
compared with more than 62
percent in 1990.
That’s led to one of the nation’s
biggest cultural divides.
Global Impoverished Regions
Climate and
Topography
Tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot,
wet summers. The land consists of an
undulating plateau varying
in altitude from 610 to 762 m (2,000–
2,500 ft). Two important
escarpments are evident: in the
northwest is a high granite plateau
(rising to 1,420 m/4,659 ft), which is
related to the Adamawa Plateau of
Cameroon; in the northeast the
Bongos Range rises to 1,368 m (4,488
ft) and extends into Sudan.
Miskolc's climate is classified as
warm and temperate. The
rainfall in Miskolc is significant,
with precipitation even during
the driest month.
San Bernardino, California gets
13 inches of rain, on average,
per year. San Bernardino
averages 2 inches of snow per
year. On average, there are
280 sunny days per year in San
Bernardino. Summer High: the
July high is around 94 degrees
Winter Low: the January low is
43
Common Vernacular
Architectural Style or
Materials
African architecture, the
architecture of Africa, particularly of
sub-Saharan Africa. In North Africa,
where Islam and Christianity had a
significant influence, architecture
predominates among the visual arts.
Most Central African peoples
construct granaries, often basket-
shaped and basket-woven, raised
on stilts to keep rodents away and
placed beneath a thatched roof to
keep them dry.
The Roma homes in Miskolc are
Simplistic in architecture means,
have little financial investment,
obvious or evident tools,
naturalness, and are artless. The
Roma tabor is on the outskirts of
the city and is comprised of
concrete houses in an upper
part, and wooden and scrap
metal shacks at the lower end.
Spanish Mission Revival and
adobe homes, ranches and
Spaniard. With the overflow of
various cultures, San Bernardino
has a variety of architectural
styles.
Access to clean
Drinking Water and
Sanitation
Roughly 90 per cent of the
population live in crippling poverty,
without access to food, sanitation
and decent housing. In rural areas,
clean water is often not available,
which abets the spread of numerous
diseases. Around 40 per cent of the
population lack access to regular
meals.
(28 March 2017) In the midst of
the European Citizens’
Committee campaign for the
Right2Water, a mayor in Miskolc
cut off access to drinking water
& Sanitation a group of Roma.
Some houses are registered
and connected to the public
water supply but due to pipe
corrosion and leakage, the
water pressure is so low that
even these houses run dry.
Out of the1,866 homeless
people. Most cannot access
water for drinking and
sanitation because they do not
have homes or money.
Prominent Poverty-
Related,
Socioeconomic
Issues
The country has failed to achieve
substantial economic development
and has considerable foreign debt.
Progress has been hampered by
corruption, civil war and
macroeconomic decisions such as
the reduction of public expenditures
in the past.
Education and income are the
prominent issues.
Economic recession, the decrease
of real salary levels
and the significant decrease of the
number of workplaces have
rendered the life of
many people more difficult.
Changes in economic and social
roles have accelerated,
which affects the individuals’
behavior.
Income is the prominent issue.
San Bernardino, once a sturdy,
middle class town. But, is now
bankrupt, the poorest city of its
size in California, and a symbol
of the nation's worst urban
woes.
Income, debt and well paid
jobs are the prominent issues.
GLOBAL DESIGN INTA 312
Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE
 Essayc
Poverty is something that no one should have to go through or experience. But life isn’t always fair and we are sometimes born into these
situations as I was. The place of choice for my community design is San Bernardino, Ca. It is my hometown and where I choose to use
education and the military as a way out of a poverty infested environment. The culture in this town is a mixture of Hispanics, Whites and
African American descents. Most practice Catholic/Christian religion and really emphasize their love for God in their homes within their
home décor. The main architectural style in this area is the Spanish and ranch inspired styles. In the neighborhoods and streets of San
Berdu (as we call it), there are gangs and drugs all around, so education is not a big deal in this area. The main focus, which really has
been a dream for me to one day build, is to build a community center filled with educational/military opportunities for everyone in this
town. As I look back, I noticed no one talked about college or the military. This community center will have a free library with donated
books, a resource center that will have a volunteer counselor that will answer and guide young teens with college and high school
questions. A resource technology center that will home computers and laptops to do research for homework assignment. And of course,
volunteer tutors and teachers to help with the minor fundamentals with reading and math. This community center will be close by most
of the streets of San Berdu but will be guarded with military veterans to show the importance and protection of this center. I want to show
people that if you want access to this community center you must show interest in your future and are willing to give yourself a chance for
a better tomorrow. To show the love this town has for God, there will be crosses, pictures of Jesus and Mary and scriptures along the
walls to keep the spirits and faith alive within the community. Another great aspect that will be involved in this community’s architecture
will be the ranch styled focus with a mix of the Spanish revival. The ranch styled architecture keeps everyone together on the same level
so no one feels left out or apart from any learning experience anyone is gaining. Education is really going to be key here and I have high
hopes that it will help grow and educate this community out of poverty in a very intellectual manner.

GLOBAL DESIGN INTA 312

Poverty in San Bernardino, Ca Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE
 Fig. 1 Run down home in San Bernardino

Fig.2 Run Down homes in San Bernardino

Educational Community Center GLOBAL DESIGN INTA 312

Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
(San Bernardino, Ca), Sketches CHRISTINA VIATLE
Community Center Poster
(San Bernardino, Ca)
 The Educational community center in San Bernardino Ca.
Will focus on intellectual and bold colors throughout each
room, creating a learning and confident environment. There
will be a green house to help create patients. A lounge to sit
and reflect on the future. An exquisite library full of amazing
donated books, a classroom and resource room to answer
all the questions all the curious minds have about education
and a future without poverty.

GLOBAL DESIGN INTA 312

San Bernardino, Community Center Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE
Gender Inequality

Regions Religious or Cultural issues
India Women’s exploitation is an age old
cultural phenomenon of Indian society.
The system of patriarchy finds its validity
and sanction in their religious beliefs,
whether it is Hindu, Muslim or any other
religion.
Egypt Egyptian law is based in part on the
Islamic Sharia, which provides for
equality between the sexes, but at the
same time the interpretations could
discriminate against women in various
aspects. Moreover, women are the
victims of inequality with regard to family
matters. Women in Egypt have a very
low level of protection for their physical
integrity.
Afghanistan Conservative practices are used in the
name of religion and tradition, denying
women their formal legal rights. One
such example is women’s rights to
inheritance and property. In
Afghanistan, Islamic law determines
inheritance rights. However, when it
comes to women, tribal law decides
their inheritance rights. Tribal laws ignore
the fact that women are entitled to
inherit property and land, restricting the
role of women and preventing them
from having secure rights to inheritance.
Global Impoverished Regions
Climate and Topography
India experiences variety of climates
ranging from tropical in the south to
temperate and alpine in the Himalayan
north. The elevated
areas receive sustained snowfall during
winters. The Himalayas and the Thar
Desert strongly influence the climate of
the country. The Himalayas work as a
barrier to the frigid katabatic winds,
which blow down from Central Asia. The
Tropic of Cancer passes through the
middle of the country and this makes its
climate more tropical. India is a big
tropical country and is famous for its
diverse climatic features.
Egypt's boundaries also include the Sinai
Peninsula. Its topography consists mainly
of desert plateau but the eastern part is
cut by the Nile River valley. The climate
of Egypt is desert and as such it has very
hot, dry summers and mild.
Climate. The distance from the sea gives
Afghanistan a typical inland climate,
arid and semiarid steppe with hot
summers and cold winters. The lower
parts of the country have a semi-arid or
desert climate.
Common Vernacular
Architectural Style or
Materials
Building layout is an essential factor that
influences and drives the planning of
vernacular
structures. The archetypal shape of a
building plan is correlated to many
cultural, historical, and
urban planning traditions. Three main
types of shapes that has been identified
for plans in traditional buildings: Circular
plan is most preferred in case of
earthquake resistance, for example the
Bhonga
Houses, Rectangular plan and Linear
plan .
The two principal building materials used
in ancient Egypt were unbaked mud
brick and stone. From the Old Kingdom
onward stone was generally used for
tombs—the eternal dwellings of the
dead—and for temples—the eternal
houses of the gods. Mud brick remained
the domestic material, used even for
royal palaces; it was also used for
fortresses, the great walls of temple
precincts and towns, and for subsidiary
buildings in temple complexes.
When it comes to housing there are two
totally different types of housing in
Afghanistan, the traditional mud houses,
and concrete houses and mansions. In
the cities you will see very modern
architecture, beautiful mansions, but at
the same time you might see a very
traditional mud house next to it. A
majority of the afghan population live in
very traditional mud houses.
Access to clean Drinking
Water and Sanitation
Indian women are at a higher risk for
infections due to their frequent contact
with unsanitary water. Trachoma, a
water-washed disease that can lead to
blindness, is transmitted through
contaminated water where women
gather. Women and girls collecting
water are also susceptible to diarrhea,
hepatitis A, and leptospirosis, a bacterial
infection from water that is tainted by
animal urine.
Women have to wash and carry water
to their families. Access to the sanitized
water is further than the at risk water.
Women choose the at risj water because
it is closer and has less travel time.
Women are at risked with getting
infected with S. mansoni when they
come into contact with water in
irrigation canals; women were especially
at risk when washing laundry and utensils
in the canal.
Village women walk more than an hour
each day to get water, a rescue military
team had a well built in the village. The
village women had the well destroyed;
that daily walk for water was their only
chance to escape the house and be
together
GLOBAL DESIGN INTA 312
Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE
Prominent gender-related
issues
Extreme poverty and lack of education
are also some of the reasons for
women’s low status in society. Poverty
and lack of education derives countless
women to work in low paying domestic
service, organized prostitution or as
migrant laborers. Women are not only
getting unequal pay for equal or more
work but also they are being offered
only low skill jobs for which lower wages
are paid. This has become a major form
of inequality on the basis of gender.
Women suffer in rural and marginalized
urban areas for the lack of education
and ignorance of their rights and the
laws that provide them with such rights.
The situation allows discrimination
against them whether by their families,
as in cases of depriving women of
inheritance, or by husbands who are not
aware of women’s legal and financial
rights either during the marital
relationship or after divorce.
Hardly a week goes by without news of
another violent incident targeting
women or girls.
Women with political profiles suffer
threats and intimidation and women in
the military face harassment from
colleagues.
As insecurity grows and the government
territory shrinks, more and more women
are confined to their homes, losing basic
rights to education and healthcare they
had gained in the past few years.
 Essay
Inequality within Egypt:
Egypt ranks low in gender equity compared to other countries worldwide (USAID). And like most middle eastern countries women are
in the lower spectrum in the household, have less rights and gain an abundant amount of insecurities because they are treated as if they
don’t deserve a great life. Women have significantly lower participation in the labor force than men (26% vs 79%) and lower literacy (65%
literacy for women vs 82% of males) in Egypt. These statistics signify that men have significantly more opportunities than women do
(USAID).

Difficult Daily Lives:

Life for rural women in Egypt is very difficult, there are times that walks to get water is the only time to get away from their daily lives and
mingle with other women as they are washing clothes in a canal. This is really the only time they are able to socialize with other women.
When you live in a dominating country that counters men's rights over women's, you come across avenues of sexual harassment and gang
rape being apart of everyday life. This messes with self esteem and self worth, making a woman feel even more helpless and powerless.
These types of ordeals happen all over the world and in the military as we speak.

Design Ideas:
From an interior design/architectural aspect, housing these women and putting them in a all girls school will help educate them, promote
confidence in being a woman, empower each other and really hone in on everyday life lessons that they missed out on because they
aren’t allowed to experience a true genuine life. Along with the important aspects of education and empowerment, there will be culture
and religious aspects throughout the school. Having a prayer room and Arabic/Muslim architectural characteristics throughout the school
will encompass their daily schooling, making life a safe comfortable environment.

GLOBAL DESIGN INTA 312

Gender Inequality Egypt Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE
 GLOBAL DESIGN INTA 312
All Girls School Designs Sketches Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
CHRISTINA VIATLE
Gender Facility Poster
 The local all women and girls school
will be a public school giving all women
and girls and option to get education.
There will also be an option to reside at
this school if a women or child is in
need of a home or feels as if her and
her families life is in danger. This
school will have an art room to help
clear the mind, a stadium seated
classroom/training/council room a
tea/café space and a prayer room to
fulfill all the traditions and customs that
encompass the Egyptian culture.

GLOBAL DESIGN INTA 312

All Girls & Women School Professor: Lisa TuckerCross
For Egyptian Women CHRISTINA VIATLE
 Reflection Essay
This class has truly broadened my outlook on how culture, situations around the world, natural disasters and religion can impact your
overall living environment, if impacted by any of these factors. The two global issues that really hit my heart were: natural disasters and refugees around the
world. These two global issues are most times uncontrollable. Weather can come and go as is pleases and
civil wars or dictatorship in someone’s country can make life unbearable. As a designer ways that I can help in the future are all inclusive natural disaster
shelters that take into play the essential aspects to continue the daily lives of those effected and consider their religious and cultural backgrounds so it can be a
safe and sustainable temporary home. And with refugee shelters or communities the main aspects to pursue when designing would be unity within the spaces,
safety, religion design elements, and a sustainable shelter. Participating in global marketing through design will really be impactful and humbling. I would be
essentially giving someone a fresh start to life. There are so many emotions and memories that possibly could have been lost after a natural disaster has
occurred, so I feel it is my duty to make a grounded shelter to help them cope. A home
really means a lot to someone, so I want to help make life and what they experienced a little better through my designs. I truly learned a lot from this class. I
learned that there are more aspects to designing than I really ever thought of before. Religion and culture really play a big part of people lives around the
globe. Interior Design is more than just adding a light fixture or a normal square door to a room or project. It is considering the elements that derive a
person’s life within their country or culture. We are here to make people feel at home and happy with our designs. Moving forward I will always make sure I
do some research and be considerate to someone else’s beliefs, culture and try my best to understand every element in their lives to ensure I
make a design that fits their desires and needs. I am truly humbled by what I have learned in this class.
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