COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PET PLASTIC SHREDDER WITH

FILAMENT EXTRUSION FOR 3D PRINTER FEED MATERIAL

A Project Design
Presented to the
Faculty of the College of Engineering
University of Perpetual Help System DALTA – Calamba Campus

In partial fulfilment
Of the requirements for the Degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

By

DELA CRUZ, CHRISTOPHER LENNON A.

March 2019

i
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

APPROVAL SHEET

This undergraduate research design entitled:

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PET PLASTIC SHREDDER WITH

FILAMENT EXTRUSION FOR 3D PRINTER FEED MATERIAL

Prepared and submitted by DELA CRUZ, CHRISTOPHER LENNON A., in

partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in
Mechanical Engineering has been examined and recommended for acceptance
and approval for ORAL EXAMINATION.

Engr. RIZAL M. MOSQUERA MSME, PME

Adviser

Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with the grade of

__________.

Dr. PHILIP P. ERMITA, PIE, MEng-IE, ASEAN Eng.

Chairman

Engr. OLIVER D. MANAIG, PME Engr. CESAR S. ALBAÑO, Jr., PAgrE

Member Member

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering

ii
Dr. PHILIP P. ERMITA, PIE, MEng-IE, ASEAN Eng.
Dean, College of Engineering
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

With the boundless love and appreciation, we, the researchers would like
to extend our heartfelt gratitude and appreciation to the people who helped us bring
this undergraduate research design into reality. We would like to extend our
profound gratitude to the following:
To the University of Perpetual Help System DALTA, for being a university
that offers a well-balanced curriculum for the students who obtain quality
education;
To Rizal M. Mosquera MSME, PME, adviser, for his assistance,
suggestions, and guidance from the beginning until the end of this study;
To Dr. Philip P. Ermita, Engineering dean, together with our distinguished
board of panelists, Engr. Cesar S. Albaño and Engr. Oliver D. Manaig, PME.,
for their guidance and understanding that lead to the improvement and completion
of this study;
To the Almighty God, who is the source of life and strength of knowledge
and wisdom, Without His guidance, this project design would not be materialized.

The Researcher

iii
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEDICATION

I would like to dedicate this study first to our Almighty God for His
unconditional love and guidance since I was a child until now and giving me
strength to pursue my degree.
A special feeling of gratitude to my beloved parents, Christopher G. Dela
Cruz and Joan A. Dela Cruz who gave birth to me.Your words of encouragement
push me to strive harder and always aim for the best. Your unending love keeps
me reminded of what a true family is.
To my classmates and friends for helping us grow professionally, for
imparting not only their knowledge but also sharing unforgettable experience that
we can use as strong weapons in my continues journey.
To my adviser, Engr. Rizal M. Mosquera and to our distinguished panelists,
Dr. Philip P. Ermita, Engr. Oliver D. Manaig and Engr. Cesar S. Albano, Jr.,
together with all the faculty of College of Engineering, who are always there for
guidance to finish this study, for teaching us on everything i have learned in this
University,
To everyone whom I’ve met and become part in molding my personality and
for those who helped me finished this design.

- Christopher Lennon Dela Cruz

iv
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ABSTRACT

Title : DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PLASTIC

SHREDDER WITH FILAMENT EXTRUDER FOR 3D
PRINTER FEED MATERIAL

Author : CHRISTOPHER LENNON A. DELA CRUZ

Degree : Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering

School : University of Perpetual Help System DALTA

Calamba Campus

Adviser : Engr. Rizal M. Mosquera MSME, PME

Plastic usage has become an integral part of society with growth in

population and technological development, making plastics production increasing

more than expected for its ability to replace metal, wood, paper and glass in variety

of engineering application. The tremendous uses range from domestic and

industrial application, which can be found and seen in products like credit cards,

computers, calculators, milk jugs, shampoo bottles, detergent plastic bottles,

cosmetics, toys etc. However, the usage of this plastic has caused some

substantial environmental burden on both land and water pollution as plastics v

tends to decompose very slowly and taking up landfill

and seashores.
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

According to M.A. Sulaiman et. al. (2008), Plastic waste management is a

critical issue. Efforts are in progress for development of efficient and precise

conversation of renewable raw materials into innovative polymeric product through

recent technologies which are superior in terms of performance, environmental

and cost perspectives. In rivers and at coastal regions the marine pollution is

increasing at a faster rate due to indiscriminate disposal by the consumers. Over

300 million metric tons of plastics are produced in the world annually and about

fifty percent of this volume is for disposal applications, product that are discarded

within a year of their purchase.

vi
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

vii
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

3D filament is the basic consumable resource that most types of 3D

printers use. As a traditional printer needs ink cartridges in order to print, 3D

printers need plastic filament. Plastic filament is available in a variety of types of

material, colors, diameters and lengths. An easy and nice material to print with is

PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) and has become well known from plastic

beverage bottles. Plastic usage has become an integral part of society with growth

in population and technological development, making plastics production

increasing more than expected for its ability to replace metal, wood, paper and

glass in variety of engineering application. The tremendous uses range from

domestic and industrial application, which can be found and seen in products like

credit cards, computers, calculators, milk jugs, shampoo bottles, detergent plastic

bottles, cosmetics, toys etc. However, the usage of this plastic has caused some

substantial environmental burden on both land and water pollution as plastics

tends to decompose very slowly and taking up landfill 1

and seashores.
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

According to M.A. Sulaiman et. al. (2008), Plastic waste management is a critical

issue. Efforts are in progress for development of efficient and precise conversation

of renewable raw materials into innovative polymeric product through recent

technologies which are superior in terms of performance, environmental and cost

perspectives. In rivers and at coastal regions the marine pollution is increasing at

a faster rate due to indiscriminate disposal by the consumers. Over 300 million

metric tons of plastics are produced in the world annually and about fifty percent

of this volume is for disposal applications, product that are discarded within a year

of their purchase.

The conceptualization of this study is adopted to a briquetting machine which turns

sawdust, dried leaves and grass, scratch paper and etc. into a biofuel or charcoal.

Statement of the Problem

Plastics have become an indispensable part of modern life. With more and

more plastics products, particularly plastics packaging, being disposed of soon

after their use, the landfill space required by plastics waste is a growing concern

because most plastics are not degradable and can stay as such for several

hundred years. The plastics are too rare and valuable to be wasted.

With this statement, the following questions arise:

2
1. How much time is being consumed to make a recycled PET filament?
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

2. What are the parameters to design a plastic shredder with filament

extruder?

3. What is the efficiency and computations to make a recycle PET filament

diameter that will be suitable for the 3D printer?

Objectives of the Study

The general objective of this study is to turn the P.E.T bottles into 3D printer

feed material that can be used as a filament for our 3D printing machine in

Engineering Laboratory

The specific objectives are to:

1. To develop 3D filament making extruder that can be used by the

engineering students on their simulation of projects.

2. To determine the parameters to design a plastic shredder with filament

extruder.

3. To determine the efficiency and computation needed to produce the

required filament diameter that is used in the 3D printer.

3
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Conceptual Framework

Knowledge in
AC/DC, Machine Mechanical Design
Design, and Consideration Design And
Materials of Development Of A
Engineering Design Parameter P.E.T Plastic
Calculation Shredder With
Engineering Filament Extruder
Knowledge For 3d Printer Feed
Material
Various Literatures

Input Process Output

Figure 1.2 Conceptual Framework of this Study

The first box shows the input for the study. The researchers gathered

information from information from article, journals and from other book. The

second box shows the process for the study. The researchers’ knowledge gained

in their respective field will be applied in order to complete the study. The third

box shows the output of the study.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study shall encompass the effectiveness of the Recyclable Feed

Material from used P.E.T bottles. Scope of this study will focus on the Design of a
4
P.E.T plastic shredder with filament extruder for 3D printer feed material. This

machine will be applied to the 3D printer in the Engineering Laboratory that will

supply its feed material.

 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Limitations of this P.E.T plastic shredder with filament extruder is only

applicable for making a filament which has a diameter of 1 mm that is used on the

3D printer in Engineering Laboratory. Only the P.E.T plastics will be used in this

design.

Significance of the Study

The P.E.T plastic shredder with filament extruder will be a big help in

imparting knowledge, it will be a big help to maximize the learning of the M.E

students to analyze some links on Machine Elements 1, from the CAD design of

the students, they will be able to transfer it into a solid material with the use of the

3D printer and the filament. This machine will also help to maintain the cleanliness

of the environment for that the engineering students can recycle their used plastic

bottles into a 3D printer filament.

5
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Definition of Terms

Ceramic Band Heater - a type of heater, used to produce heat by positive

Temperature coefficient. It produces high temperature by consuming low power of

0.9 units for 45 minutes

Barrel Extension - It is manufactured by turning operation. It is welded to the end

of the Barrel. This extension is used to couple barrel piece to die and to give

sufficient thickness to fit the secondary heater.

Die or Nozzle - The material most commonly used for die is brass because it has

to withstand high temperatures. Likewise, is a good conductor of heat, quality that

is needed to heat fast and uniform the nozzle as the printing material needs to be

printed around 200ºC.

Hopper - made up of stainless steel sheet metal. Its size varies depending on the

application or quantity of production. So the hopper design is just to fulfill the

requirement of this project. Hopper is designed as gravity fed hopper. Hopper is

wedge type and the flow of solid in the hopper is mass flow. It is cut and

manufactured from 6”x4”

Motor - Used to run the shredder.

6
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the review of related literature that provides

information that serves as a reference of conducting this study. The collected

information has been the basis of analysis while designing the study.

History of Plastic

According to P.K Farayabi, in his published article “Finite Element Analysis

of Plastic Recycling Machine Designed for Production of Thin Filament Coil”

published last April 2, 2017, Plastics have become an integral part of society since

1950s when its mass production commenced and their usage have continued to

increase with growth in population, standard of living and technological

development. Over the years, plastics have become choice materials for product

designers and developers, owing to the fact that different shapes of components

are easily manufactured from plastic materials, which are made to replace metal,

wood, paper and glass components where appropriate for diverse engineering

applications.

7
This information states that plastics, when introduced to the industrial

society, due to the development of technology in those past years, has taken place
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

on human’s everyday life. With the help of plastics, our necessities for everyday

use has been easily accessible. It can also ease the packaging of goods since we

have used woods, metals and paper on those years industrial technology was

evolving. Plastics have been proved its durability is greater than other materials

and is safer than others.

Dr. Chee Wong, (2010) - Plastics play a significant role in the

environmental, societal and economical dimensions of

sustainable development. Plastics are light, durable, clean and versatile and

therefore have been increasingly used to make packaging, automotive, building,

electronic and electrical products. If we use other materials to replace plastics, the

cost and environmental impacts will more likely to increase. For example,

Philippines use 100 billion plastics bags a year, made from about 12 million barrels

of oil; instead, the use of 10 billion

paper bags each year means cutting down 14 million trees. The use of crude oil

for producing plastics consumes a scarce resource (energy) but the use of paper

means the reduction of the capability of the planet earth to absorb CO2.

Ayo et al., (2017) - Plastic have become an essential part of our day to day
8
life since their introduction over hundred years ago. It is one of the most commonly

used materials in the world today. They come in five major categories; the
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the High-density polyethylene (HDPE), the

Polyvinylchloride (PVC), the Polypropylene (PP) and the Low-density polyethylene

(LDPE). The huge quantities of these plastic categories currently being marketed

will ultimately find their way to the waste dump sites. This is creating waste

products problems due to its high amount of waste generated, non-biodegradability

and the fastest depletion of natural resources regarding its short life cycle,

therefore increased amount of material utilized in its production, and waste

generated. The plastic waste globally constitutes more than 60% of the total global

municipal solid waste, 22% were recovered and 78% disposed. In United States,

the waste of plastics in 2005 was calculated as 11.8% of the 246 million tons of

plastic waste generated. Some states in the US like Michigan have a recycling rate

that is close to 100% and in Brazil, some potential in recycling have been raised

where around 15% of all plastics consumed are recycled and returned to industry.

Out of different kinds of plastics available Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)

is a widely accepted and very popular packaging material 17. It is a strong but

lightweight form of clear polyester. British Calico Printers first developed PET for

use in synthetic fibers in 1941. The patent rights were then sold to Du Pont and ICI

who in turn sold regional rights to many other companies. Although originally
9
produced for fibers. PET began to be used for packaging
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

films in the mid-1960s and then, in the early 1970s, the technique for blowing

bi-axially oriented bottles was commercially developed.

PET is non-biodegradable. Thus, it will create environmental hazards if

disposed in landfills. Therefore, the only way of addressing the problem of disposal

of post-industrial and post-consumer PET waste is through recycling. Recycling

may be defined as any activity involving reclamation, recovery or reuse of materials

or articles. It also extends the service life of plastics. A striking feature of PET,

which is on the environmental side, is that it is fully recyclable. PET Bottle was

patented in 1973 and four years later i.e. in 1977, the first PET bottle was recycled

and was turned into a bottle base-cup. Soon

however, the fiber industry discovered the new material source and started using

it for making textiles, carpets and non-woven. Today, even though the "bottle to

bottle recycling” process is growing, the fiber market is still the major outlet for

recovered PET.

10
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Fig 2.1 Waste Generation of the Philippines 2012 – 2016

The Philippines’ waste generation continues to rise with the increase in

population, improvement of living standards, rapid economic growth, and

industrialization especially in the urban areas. The NSWMC calculated that from

37,427.46 tons per day in 2012, the country’s waste generation steadily increased

to 40,087.45 tons in 2016 with an estimated average per capita waste generation

of 0.40 kilograms per day for both urban and rural. The National Capital Region

(NCR), as expected, generated the biggest volume of wastes for the past five years
11
due to its population size, bigger number of establishments and modernized

lifestyle. With an estimated population of 12 million people, Metropolitan Manila

 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

generated 9,212.92 tons per day of wastes in 2016. It is

followed by Region 4A with waste generation of 4,440.15 tons per day (11.08%)

and Region 3 with 3,890.12 tons per day (9.70 %) (NSWC). (Philippine Solid

Wastes at Glance, 2016)

Fig 2.2 Composition of Municipal Solid Waste in the Philippines

Recyclable wastes account for almost a third (27.78%) of MSW with an

estimated range of 4.1% to 53.3%. Plastic packaging materials comprise

around 38% of this waste fraction and followed by paper and cardboard

waste, which contributes about 31%. The remaining 31% is made up of

metals, glass, textile, leather and rubber. This explains that the uncontrollable
12
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Plastic Recycling

Darshan et.al, (2017) - Plastic recycling is the process of recovering scrap or

waste plastic and reprocessing the material into useful products. Since plastic is

non - biodegradable, recycling is a part of global efforts to reduce plastic in the

waste stream, especially the approximately eight million metric tons of waste

plastic that enter the Earth's ocean every year. This helps to reduce the high rates

of plastic pollution. Plastic recycling includes taking any type of plastic sorting it

into different polymers and then chipping it and then melting it down into pellets

after this stage it can then be used to make items of any kind such as plastic chairs

and tables. Soft Plastics are also recycled such as polyethylene film and bags.

Olukunle et.al, (2017) Plastic recycling or reprocessing is usually referred to as

the process by which plastic waste material that would otherwise become solid

waste are collected, separated, processed and returned to use. Waste plastic

shredder is a machine that reduces used plastic bottles to smaller particle sizes to

enhance its portability, easiness and readiness for use into another new product.

Rasmus Ekman, ( 2018 ) has conducted a study on reducing plastic waste by

combining series comprises a total of four machines: shredding, injection,

13
compression and extrusion machines. The three latter are dependent on the output
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

of the shredder. They melt and reshape the plastic to flakes that the shredder

creates from the plastic waste and then reuse it for environmental concerns.

According to the study of David, et al, entitled “Design and Construction of a

Plastic Shredder Machine for Recycling and Management of Plastic Wastes”

published last May 5, 2018, A shredding machine is designed to reduce large solid

material objects into a smaller volume, or smaller pieces. Shredding machines are

usually used to reduce the size and shape of materials so they can be efficiently

used for the purpose intended to. Shredding just like crushing can be defined as

the process of transferring a force amplified by mechanical advantage through a

material made of molecules that bond together more strongly, and resist

deformation more, than those in the material being crushed do. The shredding

materials must possess a better strength and toughness than the plastic materials.

History of 3D Printing

According to Haruna Hamod in his journal, “Sustainability of Recycled

HDPE for 3D printing filament” published December 2014, 3D printing inception

could be traced back to the late 70s, when the inkjet printer was invented. In 1984,

the co-founder of 3D systems Charles Hull created the first 3D printer, the process
14
of rapid prototyping that enables 3D object to be created from digital data. Further

down the lane, Hull obtained the patent for stereo-lithography (SLA) that was used
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

to established 3D systems and developed the STL file format which would

complete the electronics transmit file for 3D printing objects form computer aided

design (CAD) software. The stereo -lithography apparatus continued to be

developed until the first commercial 3D printer was made available to the general

public, SLA-250. This technological research has been engaged and applied in

limited areas of industries such as the medical and engineering, the medical

applications are production of implants and prosthetics. Although it shows a

tremendous potential in others application as the future unfolds and series of

research and experiment is done.

After a few years, Chuck Hull invented the stereolithography machine (SLA)

in 1986. This machine is considered to be the first 3D printer. The

stereolithography machine slowly poured liquid plastic to build plastic outputs. Not

surprisingly, this technology was very expensive and therefore only utilized by

large research universities, large companies, and government research labs.

Flash forward to present day, there are three major additive manufacturing/3D

printing methods: 1) Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), 2) Laser Sintering

Platform, 3) and the Z Printer Platform. Hull makes an excellent analogy regarding

FDM technology; he likens it to a very sophisticated glue gun. This is currently the
15
most commonly used 3D printer. Laser Sintering Platforms can print other

materials aside from plastic – metals, ceramics, etc. These printers are more
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

sophisticated; however, they are also more expensive. Z Printers, the third major

technology, are also more sophisticated and again more expensive. It utilizes a

powder substance that solidifies with a sprayed binding chemical. (Matias, Rao,

2015)

3D Printing Material

According to Elina Iunolainen in her journal entitled “Suitability of Recycled

PET for 3D Printing Element” publish last November 2017, 3D printing processes

have currently a multitude of available materials, including plastics, metals, resins,

composites, and much more, which can be used in various states (filament,

powder, pellets). However, the most popular materials for AM processing have

from the outset been plastics or polymers, which have long ago become virtually

indispensable to modern society due to a great variety of applications they are

used in. When it comes to FDM printing process, the two most common polymer

materials are PLA and ABS in filament form. Other popular types of plastic used

for commercial 3D 15 printer filament include biodegradable Polyvinyl Alcohol

(PVA), strong and flexible Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET).

Kurita, (2016) - PET has proven to have the most excellent mechanical

properties among the commodity polymers especially when utilized as film and 16

fibres64. It has a high glass transition temperature (Tg) of 85°C and has a high

melting temperature (Tm) of 255°C 65. It is a simple long-chain polymer and its
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

chemical inertness made it particularly suitable for packaging applications. PET

offers good properties as a material of choice for various packaging, electronic and

other applications. PET articles achieve improved toughness and other

physical properties through molecular orientation resulting from stretching at

temperatures slightly above its glass transition temperature (Tg).

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a plastic material, which has found

increasing applications within the packaging field. PET is used in a wide range of

applications such as in beverage containers, especially water, wrapping

materials, toys, automobile components, fibers and in many other products.

17
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Synthesis

Based on the literature gathered, the researcher have acquired the

knowledge to develop the Plastic Shredder with Filament extruder, which is

composed of the meshing teeth’s of shredder, the ceramic band heater, the hopper

and the motor. This can be develop through combining the process of shredding

and heating to produce filament. After determining the proper parameters of the

Plastic Shredder with Filament extruder. In designing the prototype, consider the

materials that could withstand strong vibration and resist heat from the ceramic

band heater. The design will also be fitted by a motor to process the granulated

P.E.T bottles into a filament for 3D printer.

18
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter includes the project design and development of plastic

shredder with filament extruder for 3D printer feed material. In this chapter, it is

discussed how the testing model parameters are determined and how the

computations for the said parameters are taken. This chapter also indicates the

material selection for both the testing model and prototype. It also includes the

design for the prototype of the straight vertical axis wind turbine. The chapter also

notes the testing procedure for the model and how the data is gathered as well as

for the prototype data.

Project Design

The waste plastic shredder has four main components; the feeding unit, the

shredding unit, the power unit and the machine frame. The feeding unit is made of

16 – gauge galvanized mild steel sheet of 2 mm thick plate and a dimension of 200

mm × 550 mm through which the waste plastic are fed into the shredding unit. The

shredding unit is where the waste plastic are been cut into smaller sizes. The unit 19

consists of a shaft, 50 mm length made up of 30 mm mild steel rod and a cylinder

of 55 mm length and 200 mm diameter. Attached to the shaft are cutters made of
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

12 mm mild steel having nine serrated teeth welded 2 mm apart. The cylinder

equally has same cutters with sharp edges to shred the waste plastic. Underneath

the shredding unit is the outlet made of 16-gauge galvanized mild steel of 43 mm

× 27 mm dimension. The shredded waste plastic discharge freely from the

shredding unit through the outlet. The machine is powered by 10 Hp electric motor

with the aid of belt and pulley arrangement which has 110 mm diameter driven

pulley and 60 mm driver pulley.

Extruder screw is kept inside the barrel. Barrel is mounted on the frame.

Barrel is connected to the gearbox and gearbox gets the power from electric motor

through the pulley and belt. Extruder die is kept at the front of the barrel. Heaters

are placed around the barrel and the die heater is placed around the die. Three

phase AC supply is given for the heaters and single phase AC supply is given for

the electric motor. Input plastic is given in the hopper which is attached to the

barrel. Analog temperature controller is given to control the temperature of the

three heaters used. overall assembly of the machine.

20
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Fig 3.1 Solid works Design of a PET Shredder

Fig 3.2 Solid works Design of the Inner part of PET Shredder
21
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Fig 3.3 Illustration of Filament Extruder

Operation Procedure for the Model:

1. The Testing model was designed to have 3mm in diameter filament to

be produced by the filament extruder.

2. Fabricated the Plastic shredder and filament extruder using the

materials intended.

3. Double checked the measurements to comply with project designs.

4. Made the necessary adjustments and polishes of fabricated parts.

5. Assembled the Plastic Shredder with filament Extruder testing model.

22
 COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Testing Procedure:

1. Checked testing area to ensure safety. The PET bottles should have been

clean properly before it subjected to granulating. The knives have been

attached to the shaft that is connected to the motor via V- Belt.

2. The testing machine was checked to be on good condition having the

desirable wind velocity output.

3. The following measurement devices have been prepared:

3.1 PET Bottles

3.2 Vernier Caliper

3.3 Tape measure

4. The Vernier was tested on the filament to ensure that the product to be

processed by extrusion is 3mm in diameter.

23