IS AA C PIT M AN S

U
S H ORT HAND IN S TR CT OR
TH E S TA N DA R D S YS TEM OF TH E WO RLD

’
I SAA C PIT MA N S

SHO RT HA ND INS T R CT O R U
’
AN EX PO S ITIO N O F I S A AC PITM A N S

SY STEM O F PH O N O G RA PHY

DESIGN ED FO R C LA SS O R S ELF IN S TR -
UCTION

NEW Y O RK
ISAAC PITMAN 85 SO NS, Tm: PH O N O G m mc DEPO T
2 WEST 4 5TH STREET

T O RO NTO , C AN ADA
T H E C O M M ERC I AL T EX T - B O O K Co .

T m: C O PP, C LA RK Co m r ED.
 G
C O PYRI HT , 18 98 , BY I S AA C PIT MAN

G
C O PYRI HT , BY I S AA C PI T M AN S O NS

C O P YRI GHT, 1901 , BY IS AAC PIT M AN S O NS

C OPYRI G HT , 1 905, B Y IS AA C PIT M AN S O NS

C O PY RI G H T, 1910. BY I S AA C PIT M AN S O NS

G
CO PYRI HT AL SO m GRx AT B RI TAIN AN D 001 o ,

DEVI C E AN D T H E F Ac sm I L R S I N AT R E G U WH I CH A PP RI

CO VER ARE T HE S UB J EC T PRO T E C UN D ER THE

B
or TI O N

LAW S or T H E RI T I S H EH P IRE AN D T H E

U N IT ED S TA T ES or AMERI CA

r nt
P i ed by
J J
. . L it t le I vs
e Co .
 PREFA C E

HE s ytm s e of s h thor and w ritin g p resen ted in t h e {ol e

lo win g p a g es w a s in v en t e d b y Sir Isaac Pit m a n , wh o

in 18 3 7 p u b lis h ed h is fi rst t re a t ise on th e a rt . M y im
an

p ro v e me n t s w ere f ro m t ime t o t im e in t ro d u c ed in t h e
n u merou s ed it io n s o f P o n o g ra p h h
p ub lish e d in suc c ee d in g y
ye a rs h
T e se w e re t h e f ru it o f lo n g a n d w id el e x t e n d ed y
h
.

st en o g ra i c e x p erimen t s , a n d o f the v a l u ab le c rit ic ism a n d

p
ex
perien c e p h o n og ra p ers g en era ll
of h
N o o t er s st e m y h y
h h
.

of s o rt a n d d esi n e d f o r t h e En g l is h l an u a e h a s h a d t h e
g g g
'

a d va n t a ge o f be in g su b e c te d
j to so l a rg e an a mo u n t o f ex

p erimen t a n d o f p ra c t ic a l t est s in w o rk o f e ve r c on c e iv ab l e y
h
d esc ri p t io n as t a t in ve n t ed b y S ir Isa ac Pit m a n ; a n d , as
hi y t m h b m ll y
.

a resu l t , t s s f s e as een os t su c c ess u a d a p t ed to

th p e i l q i m t
rac t c a f ll l ref h u re en s o a c a sse s o s o rt h a n d writ ers
i h C y Edi i f P O
.

’
I h Tw
n t e e n t et en t u r t on o I TM A N S S H R T H AN D
—t h i l b y w h i h t h y t m i
e t t e w g c e s s e s no yk w
en era ll no n

th m h d i p
e et d o i h b p f
s resen t e as t as e en e r ec t ed ft v a er o er

i y y
s xt f A
ears o mb f im p m u se nu er o ro v e t h
en s b a ve een

y t m nd
.

f or t h e fi rst t im e in t ro d u c e d in t h e ru le s o f th e s s e a

h d t w h i h will
,

in t h e me t p resen t ing it t o t h e s t u en
od o f c

y
,

g re a t l as sist t h e l earn er in t h e ac q u ire me n t

o f t h e art .

T h e g e n eral p la n a d o p t e d in t h e p rese n t a t io n o f t h e v ario u s

pa r t s is d esi n ed t o re n d e r t h e w o rk e u a l l
g servic eab l e f o r q y
c l a ss o r s elf t u it ion No e ff o rt h as b een sp ared ex pla in
'
-
. to
and illu st ra t e t h e ru les in t h e c le a re st a n d si mpl est ma n n er
po s sibl e a n d in t h e rev isio n o f t is wo rk esp e c ia l c a re h as h
h
,

b een t a k en t o in t ro d u c e n o w o rd in e it er t h e rea din g o r

writ in g e x erc ises , w ic h h w ld f ou a t erwa rd s re qu ire a n altera
tio n of f o rm , a fea t u re t h t will b
a e a ppre c ia t ed b y t e ac h e rs

of s h thor an d wh o a re fa milia r wit h th e rev erse c on dit ions

4 4 8 60 8
 Viii Pref a ce .

so fre q uentl y met wit h i th h th d t t b k

n o er s or an ex -
oo s

h h d iffi l y i
.

Alt oug st ud en t s, as a l p iru e , ex er en c e no cu t n

u n d e rs t a n di n g th e m et h dh
o t f h it i d i b l t h t
ere se ort s es ra e a

hy h h
,

t e s o ul d a ve , at the c o mme n c emen t , an int e llig e n t

g ra sp o f a ll t h t i a h t t m Th f
s c on ve y ed by t a er e re ore,

y
f t h fi t h pt
.

b efo re t h e m a st er o i tt mp d i i
e rs c a er s a e te t s

t h t th h l d b t h g h ly
,

imp t t or an I t d ti
a e n ro uc on s ou e o ro u

un d d
e rs t o o

t i l b ilit y i t h t f h th
.

Th dv t g
e a f p
an a e o ra c ca d a n e ar o s or an

w i i g i
r t n iv
s so u n lly k w l dg d i th p
e rs a ac d y
no e e n e rese n t a

t h t it i y t f i t It i b v i h w
,

a s u n n e c essa r o e n o rc e s o o us, o ev er,

th f h th d i h hi l f p i t
.

atth l e va ue o s or an e t er a s a v e c e or r va e

w y i b i
,

co mm i i f
u n c a t o n s or i i o r u se n v a r ou s a s n us n ess or

p f i l
ro e ss on a lif w l d b l e,
g l y d im i
ou i h d if h m
e ar e n s e t e sa e

y t m— d t h t t h b t—w
s s e an a t g e l ly mpl y d
es e re n o e n e ra e o e

T h i imp t th g h ly
.

s t f
o r an h t l t bact as a
g i d
as een oro u re c o n ze

y f p b li m
,

a nd t t i i s a th t
st c s, im e est d g
on l o u c en , an e n e ra

o b se rvati i d m
o n , c o n c ur t i g t h t th I
n e Pit m
on s ra t n a e sa ac an

s y t mi t h h th d p
s e s e s ll
or fan ll w h p k th
a r exce en ce or a o s ea e

E gli h l g g
n s an Th U i d S t C mmi i
ua e e fn te ta es o ss on er o

y
.

Ed ti
uc a on s a s

It will be seen , in th e c h a pte r g ivin g t h e sta t istic s of

h
in st ru c t io n in s ort h a n d in t h e U n ited S ta t es, t ha t t h e s ste m y
y
ma inl follo wed is t a t o f Isaa c Pitma n h
Few inv en tors
h h y h h y
.

wit in t h e l a st two u n dred ea rs a ve bee n so a pp as h e

in disc o verin g d e v ic es a a e th t h v p
ro ve d u s ef u l in p rac tice ,

a n d a t t h e sa me t ime c a e or ll d f th
u n ivers a l a dm ira tio n f or

h h
t eir t eoret ic pe rf e c t ion —Ex l ra c t f rom
”
C irc ula r of I a
.

f orma tion N o 1 ( Was hington , D

. 1 8 93 . .

T h e Pu blis h ers d esire t o t en d er t h eir h ea rt y th an ks t o

t h e l arg e n u mbe r o f e xp e rt t eac h ers a n d re o rte rs

p wh o h ave

ofi e re d v alu abl e c rit ic is ms a n d su g g est io n s fo r t h e impro ve

ment of h
t is w ork .
 INTRO D CTI O N U
H O N O GRAPHY, t h e n am e o rig in all g iven t o Isa ac y
’
h h
Pitman s S ort an d, h as b een b riefl b u t a c c ura t el y y
d efi ne d as th e a rt o f re resen t in s o k en so un d s by
p g p
c h arac t er, a s st e y m of s h th
or an d .
”
It is o bv iou s t h at the
u su a l or Rom an ic al
ph a b e t, of t wen t y six let t ers , c a n n ot
-

t h y y
.

represen t by d istin c c a ra c t ers th e t h irt -

t p ic a l S ou n d s
six

of th e En glis h y
l a n g u ag e As a c o n se q uen c e , m an of th e

ymb l f t h t lp h b t d wit h it y
.

s o s o f a a a l
e a re o n ec e ss u se sev era

s ig ifi t i
n If t h
ca f
on s. y t m f h th d w ere ore a s s e o s or an ere

lph b t it i m if t t h t it w ld
, ,

fou n d d h e mm on t e co on a a e s an es a ou

y imp f t d mb i t m t f
,

p rov e a v er er ec d an cu rou s n s ru en or re c or

i g p k
n s t o w it h
en t i ty d p d— t h
u t e ran c e s hi f c er a n an s ee e c e

o bj t f h th d
ec s o Wi h t h i lph b t it h
s or an i gl
. t s a a e e er a s n e

sign st a n d in g for one of t h e let t ers wou ld b ere qu ired to

d o dut y f or s ev era l sou n d s, o r h
mo re t h t an on e c a rac er

w ou ld n eed t o be u se d to rep resen t i gl a d

s n i e sou n as s

y h m th d
,

d on e in o rd in a r s
p ellin g B ot e p t
o s are o en o

j
.

s eriou s o b e c t io n s Two sim pl e ill t t i

u s ra w ill d m on s e on

y p lli g d th
.

st rat e t h e d iff eren c e b e t w een t h e or di n ar s e n an e

ph on etic m et h od, w ic h h is th e d ist in c t ive f ea t u re of Pit

’
man s S h th
or an d .

O ur fi rst illu st rat io n d eal s wit h c on son an t s, a n d is c on

c ern e d h t h di y p lli g
wit e
’

or nar s e n of t h e wo rd s goal an d

ga le I f th mm p lli g w
e co on s e n ere fo ll owe d in s h th
or an d ,

h ld h b h
.

we s ou ymb l f av e s o s or ot w ord s c on t a in in g th e
c h arac t ers g
- a - l. Bu t Ph on ogra ph y p ro vid es d iff eren t sym
I I ntrodu ction .

b ols for t h e first c on son a n t in t h e ab ove t wo word s, wh ic h

a re a c c o rd in gl y rep re se n t ed t h us [ 2’
goa l (j -
eh - l) and

J ga le (g -
eh - l
) . O ur s ec on d illu st ra t io n d eals w it h
v o wel s, a n d we t ak e a s ex a mples the o rd in ar y sp ellin
g of

t h e t wo w o rd s tu b an d tube If t h e s h h
o rt an d sy mb ols
qi l lp h
.

were t h e f h e u v a en t s o t e l et te rs of th e c o mmo n a ab et,

th t g ph
e s en o w ld b ra er ou e o b l ig e d t o writ e b o t hw ord s by
tw p oi ly im il
rec s e s ar s et s of h
c a ra c t e rs, n a mely, t -
u- b

Ph g p hy h w ev
.

on o rap o er, ro v id e s f or the re p rese nt a t ion of

h
, .

th d iff
e t d ite re n so u n s an d fl ea rd in th e re sp e c t iv e

w d or d th
s, a n i di e se are n c at ed b y d iff eren t ymb l t h
s o s, us :

tu b, an d t u be . I t ma y b e p o in te d ou t th t i tw a ,
n o

of t h e w o rd s u se d ab o ve as illu stra t ion s, th ierefi l s a na

silen t a, bu t sile n t l e t t e rs , w h h w l
et er v o e s or c o n son an t s,

are, o f c o u rse , u n re rese n t e

p d i h th d
n s or an

h y t m f h th
.

Th e p o n e t ic n o t a t ion o e s s e o s f th or a nd de
v elo p e d in t h e p res e n t w ork h a s b ee n f ou n d , a f t er wid el y
e xt en d e d u se, t o p o ssess imp ort a n t p r a c t ic a l a d v a n t a ge s
y th h h
.

B e e mpl o ym e n t o f w a t h as b een t e rme d t h e al a be t

p
o f n a t u re, sp o k en l a n gu a g e can be rec o rd e d w it h o ne - s ix t h

of t h e t ro u bl e an d t ime Io n g h an d re q u ires by t h o se wh o
h th y
,

’
u se I saa c Pit ma n s S or an d si mp l as a su b s t it u t e fo r
th e y I gh d w i i g
o rd in ar on h and p i f th r t n Wi h t t e a e t on o e

y t m i d m h d
.

f b b vi t i
‘

s s e a t ze et d o l p d i
s o h a re a on e ve o e n t e

y l f w iti g Ph g ph y h i
,

b i f t
r e es Rep t i g
or or n st e o r n on o ra t s

m t h d f h th d w it h h
,

e o o s b w it
or an
p d f th e
c an e r t en t e s ee o

m t os p id d
ra i t i t t i l t is w h il it m y b d wi h
nc ar cu a on , e a e rea t
th e i ty
c er t a nd f dian y I g h d w iti g
ease o or n ar on an r n

B d ly w i t h th d i f it h
,

a r t en s or man l s, o c ou rse , n e er o re n o r ess

l gibl t h
e eb dly w i an I gh
a d r tt en on an

p i t i h w
.

A pl n ex ti a na on o n d i bl one I o n s, o e v e r, es ra e n

t d yi g i g Ph g p hy i d i i t ly
.

s u d n an us n h ld b on o ra t s ou e st n c

i mi d t h t t h
,

b o rn e n n i t d ig a d t p t
e a rt s no es ne o re rese n or
 I n trodu c tion .
Xi

rec ord min ut e s h a d es pronu n c ia t io n

of Th e Pit manic .

a lp h ab e t , in t h e wo rd s o f Max u l ler,
“
M
c ompre en d s t h e h
t hi y rt -
six y
bro a d , t pic a l so u n d s o f t h e En glis la ngu age , h
a n d assig n s t o eac a d efi n it e s ig n
”
h
It d oes n o t see k t o
h y
.

ma rk , f o r ex a mple, t h e t irt or more v a ria t ion s o f so u n d

w h ic h h a ve b ee n f oun d t o ex ist in t h e u tt era n c e Of th e

t welv e sim pl e v o we l s Ex peri enc e s h ows t h t h e pro n u n
at

y
.

c ia t io n of th e v o w el s v a ries grea t l in d iff ere n t lo c a lit ies

a nd in t h e v a rio u s h h h
c ou n t ries o f t h e w o rld in w ic t e
E g li h l g g i p k g phy gh t
.

n s an uad Ph e s s o den , an on o ra t au an

u se d Th d d f pe i i
st an h ibi d i
ar o ro n u n c a t o n , as ex te n

th t th
.

p t d h
r n e d s or f an b p d t mi
c an no ere ore , e ex ec t e o n

ly i id wi h t h h
, ,

a te c o nc p e i t i f E
t g l i e ll ronu n c a on o n s In a

p a rt s F thi th
or b sti f M
re a son M ll e o s erv a on s o ax u er

h
.

d es erve th f l i f t d t
e c a re u d t not c e H o s u en s an ea c ers e

th
.

ll i
s a t en t o n
t th l d p i
to it o n t s ou t at
‘

ca e v oc a a , an c an

eas ily b p iv d t h t i
e igi l p
erc e ep i ti
a t s or na u re ro n u n c a on ,

l ik I t li
e h a d g
an a , d iff t m difi
as u n i i d if
er on e e ren o c at o n s n

f p t
ere a t f h y
ar s o t e c ou n t r .

“
Y e t in w rit in g , ” h e c o n t in u es, it m ay b e t rea t e d as
b ec au se it h a s b u t a n d t h e s a me
g ra mmat ic al
’

o n e, on e

i n t en t io n , an d d o es n o t c o n ve y a n ew mean in g t ill it ex c eed s

it s wid e st limit s G oo d sp ea k ers p ron ou n c e t h e a in la st

h h
.

l ik e t h e pu re I t al ia n a ; w it o t ers it be c o mes bro a d ;

h h h
w it o t ers t in B ut t o u g h h it m y t h a u s osc illa t e c on

h h p vi h h
.

s id era bly, it must n ot en c ro a c on t e ro n c e o f e, w ic

w ld h g i m
ou c an e ts ea n in g t o lest , n or o n t h e p rov in c e of

wh i h w ld h ge it t o lost ; t h e provin ce of
"
0, c ou c an n or o n

u, wh i h w ld h c ou c a n e it t o l ust
g
”

W it h t h h
.

e a c cu ra t e em pl oy men t of the p o n o g ra
p hic
sig th
ns d b ere n ee e no u n c e rt a in t y as to w h at t h o se e m
pl y d f
,

o e p i or a a rt c u l a r w o rd a re in t en d ed t o rep resen t ,

an d t g i q o a a n u ot e Ma x M u ller,
“
En glis h c an be writ t en
lly ily h h
,

rati on a d d an rea eas wit t h e Pit ma n ic al

p a be t .
xii I ntroduc tion .

To su cc essful l y P h on ograp hy h
,
owever, th e rules of th e
y
s st em mu st be mast ered , a nd a pplied . By t h e emplo y
men t o f t h e v a riou s a bb revia t ing d ev ic es ac c ord ing t o rule ,
t h e mo st im port a n t b enefi t t o be d erive d from s o rt a n dh h
y
will be a t t ain e d , n am el , t h e max imu m o f b rev it wit y h
leg ib ilit y h
In th e presen t work t ese ru les are full se t
. y
fort h .
 C O N TENTS .

C H APTER G
PA E

Prefa c e
I n t ro d u c t ion
I . Direc t ion s t o t h e St u d ent
C on son an t s
II Lon g V o w els

J
.

III . oin e d C on son an t s

G ra mm al o gu es
IV . V S h o rt o wels

V Dip h t h
. on g s

VI . C irc le S an d Z
LO O p s S t an d S tr
Larg e C irc l e s S w an d 83 or 82
Vo wels an d S an d T
VI II L and R Ho o k s
C irc le s an d Lo op s Prefi x e d t o I iti lH
n a oo ks
IX . N an d F Hoo k s
X .
- Tion H o o k
XI . Ad d it io n al Do ubl e C on son an t s
T h e A spira t e
Upw ard a n d Do wn w ard L an d R
Th e Hal ving Prin c iple
Sin gle an d Doubl e C o n son an t s Tab le , of .

Th e Dou ble l en gt h Pri n c iple

-

X VI Voc aliza t io n o f P l a n d Pr
hh
.

XVII W a nd Y Dip t o n gs
yll bi Diph t h
.

V
X III Diss. a c on gs

X IX . Prefix es
xiv C on ten ts .

Sufiix es
G ra mm a logu e s
C on t ra c t io n s
C o n t ra c t ion s
P h rase o
g ra p hy
P u n c t u at io n , et c .

M h et od of Pra c t ic e
Eng ra v e d S h th
or an d

W rit in g in Po sit io n
O ut lin es f o r St a t es an d Territ o ries
O u t lin es f o r
-
Fif y P i
t r n c ipa l C ities
B u sin es s Le t t e rs
Spe e d Pra c t ic e
Sig n ifi c a n t M k —Mi sh ea rin g s—Erro rs
ar s

Referen c e M a rk s — Q
u o t a t io n s—Ex a m in a

t ion W it n esses
of F
igu re s —C o mp o u n d s
—
of Here There Wh ere—N e gat iv e Pre fi x es
, ,

XXX Re po rt in g G ra mm a lo gu es — G ra mm a l o g u e s,
h
.

Al p a b e t ic a l Lis t
XXXI Repo rt in g C o n t ra c tion s— C on t ra c t e d
. W
ord e,

C o mpl e t e Alph a b e t ic a l List of

Ad va n c e d P ra seo gra p h hy
B usin ess P h rases a nd C o n t rac t io n s
La w P h rases

Leg a l C o rre spo n d e n c e

Lega l F or M
ms— isc ella n eo u s Leg al Doc u
m en t s—Le g a l Pa pers in Ac t ion s
I n t ersec t e d W o rd s and Ph ra ses

XXX VIII S imilar Word s

h th
.

S or and I n Pra c tic e

R p ti
e or ng Ex erc ises in En gra v ed S h o rt

h d an

In d ex
 I S AA C

S H O RTH A N D
’
PI T M A N S
( PH O N O G RAPHY ) .

C H A PT ER I .

'
DIREC TIO N S TO THE S T DEN T U .

1 Th e s yt
s e m of s h th or an d set fort hi n t h e followin g
h phy (
.

p a ges was g ive n t h e n ame o f P o n og ra a t erm d erive d

f ro m t w o G re e k w o rd s m ea n in g sou n d w ritin g b e c a u se
it a ffo rd s th e m ean s of a c c u ra t el y re c ording
-
th e sou n d s o f

s po k en F m th
l a n g u a ge th f th ro t d e ou t set , ere o re , e s u en t

h ld m mb t h t h i l i g w it by O UD ; h t
.

s ou re e er a e s ea rn n to r e S N t a

eac h h c p d fi i
a rac t e r re d d th
rese n t s o n e e n te so u n an no o er

a dn h h t d i y
at pt lli g wi h i m y i
—
e or na r
g l i i
s e n t ts an rre u ar t es

an d i i t i — h ibit d i p i i g d i l g
nc o n s s en c es as ex e n r nt n an n on

h d w i i g i t t b f ll w d imi t d
an r t n s no o e o o e or ta e

2 Wh f t h ph
.
, ,

h h m t en d th e ig ifi t i
as a s ere e s n ca on o e on o

g ph i wh i h
.

ig th t d t h ld h t t
'

ra c s n s, e s u en s ou u se o se c re rese n
p
th qi l t
e e d i f mi g h
u va e n h
so u n t sf th
n or n t e c a ra c ers or e

w d h d i
or s w i
e Fes re s m pl if h wi h
to r te o r ex a e, e s es to

g p hy t h w d k ( mm l y p l w i h
.

w it i Ph
r e n on o ra e or nee co on s e t t

gh m d ly w
'

f l t
o ur h e t ers, t p f ou d ) h a d e u o on t o so u n s e n ee s

b t t w ph m ly t h t f
,

t o u se g phi
u ig o ono h ra c s n s, n a e a or t e

d h t f ét h
,

t
c o n so n a n v th v w l
n an t k a or e o e u s, n ee .

p ll i t h i f h i ly i
,

T o s e m t l
n s f th
as on ad f en a an a s s o e sou n s o
2 D irec tions to th e S tu den t .

w ord s mu st b e m a d e , bu t t is pro c e ss is ve r easil h y y ac quired

h
,

a n d is soo n ex erc ised w it ou t c onsc io u s eff o rt

y ph
.

3 F or work in g t h e ex e rc ises and for o rd in ar on o

h h
.

i w ritin g ,
en a n d ru led p a p er s o u ld b e u sed
‘

a
g ra
p c p
y y q y
.

S pe a k in g g en erall , it is n o t s o e a s t o a c u ire a n ea t st le
o f w rit in g by t h e u se o f a p e n c il in s t e a d o f a pen I n re
q y y
.
.

p o rt ing , doub t , t h e p en c il is f re u en t l e m plo ed ; in

no

so m e c a ses , in d eed , it is impossible t o u s e a p en f o r n o t e

t a k ing Th e st u d e n t wo u ld d o w e ll, t erefo re , t o ac c ust om h

h im h h
.

s e lf t o writ e wit eit er a p en p e n c il in t h e m ore

or a

a d va n c e d st a g es of
h is p ro g ress, h
t ou g h
fo r w ritin g t h e
ex erc ises in h
t is b oo k t h e p en o n l is y rec o mmen d e d
h h
.

4 Th e st u d en t s ou l d o ld
h is p en a s f or Ion gh a n d
h h
.

writ in g , bu t t h e e lb o w s ou ld b e t u rn e d o u t , so t a t t h e

l et t er b c an be s t ru c k wit h e a se He s h ou ld a ls o h o ld

h y
.

t h e p e n lig t l Th e wrist mu st n o t b e a llo wed t o rest

.

u p o n t h e n o t e b o o k o r d esk I n o rd er t o se c u re t h e g re a t
-

h
.

e st free d o m Of mo vemen t, t h e mid d le o f t h e f o re -

ar ms o u ld

rest on th e edg e o f t h e d es k Th e writ er h

s ou ld sit in
h h
.

f ron t of h is w ork , an d s ou l d ave t h e p a pe r o r n o t e- b o o k

p ara llel wit h th e ed ge o f t h e d e sk o r t a b le Fo r s h thor an d

y h
.

writing t h e n ib em lo ed s o ul d n o t b e t oo st id , bu t , as th e
p
h
t ic k an d h
t in c h a ra c t e rs o f P h o n o g ra p hy n ee d t o be mad e
q u it e d istin c tive , it mu s t h av e a su f fi c ien t l fin e y p o int f or
‘

h
t is p u rp ose Pa p er wit h a smoot h su rfac e is a b solu t el y
y h
.

essen t ia l Pa rtic u l ars o f s tat ion er et c su it a b le for s ort

h dp p
.
, .
,

an u r o ses will b e f ou n d in t h e c a t al og u e a t th e en d of

th i w k
s or

5 At t h e o u tset th e st u d en t s h ou l d n ot a t te mpt ra pid

It is of th e most imp ort an c e t a t h e

ut h s h ldou

t rain h is h an d to w rit e all t h e sign s e mpl o ed in t h e y s ytm s e

wit h a c c u ra c y an d n eat n ess, b efore h e en d ea vors t o writ e

wit h sp eed If h e a c c u st om s h im sel f t o d o t is in t h e h
h th h
.

ea rlier portion of h is s or and st ud ies, h e will n ever ave

8- 1 2 T7zc C ons ona nts .

THE C O N S ON AN T S .

8 . Fo r t h e represe n t at ion of all th e c o n s o n an t sou n d s

( ex c ept to, y, an d a spira te h) , t h e sim plest geometric al

f o rms a re y h
u se d , n a mel , st raig t l in es o r c u rv es, as s o wn h
in t h e f ollow ing diag rams

NA
9 Th e ord er of th e arra n g e m e n t o f e ac h g rou
p o f c on

h ibit
.

son an t s, a s ex ed in t h e t a ble on t he O p posit e p a g e,

follo ws t h e o rd er o f the o ra l m o vem en t s f ro m t h e lip s b ac k
w a rd s in th e u tt eran c e o f t h eir re spec t iv e sou n d s . Th e fi rst
t wo p , b, a re p ron ou n c ed bet w een t h e lips, a n d
c on son a n t s ,

th e re ma inin g six a t t h e sev era l b arriers f u rt e r b a c k in h

th e h
mo u t , in t h e su c c ession in d ic at ed in t h e p on o grap ic h h
al p h ab e t

h
.

10 Th e fi rst gro up o f eig t c on son a n t s, rep resen t ed b y

ht
.

“ ”
st ra ig st ro k es , is c alle d ex p l o d en t s , b ec a use in p ro
i g th m h
,

n ou n c n e th e ou t g o in g b rea t is f orc ed in a s u dd en

h gh b y
,

g ust t ro u p revio u sl c l osed

arriers

h h
.

1 1 Th e n ex t g ro u p o f eig t , re presen t e d b y u prig t o r

h
.

“ ”
slo pin g c u rv es , is c a lle d c o n t in u a n t s , b e c au se in t ese
the ou t
g oin g b reat h , in st ea d of b ein g ex
pelled s ud d en ly is
h h
,

allo w ed to e sc a p e in a c o n t inuou s st rea m t rou

g simila r

b a rriers p artial l o p en y
h
.

1 2 Th e “ n asa ls, ” rep resen t ed by orizo n t al c u rv es , a re

h
.

p ro d uc ed by c lo sin g t h e su c c essive b arriers in th e mou t

a g a in st t h e o u tg o in g a ir- st re a m, so th at it h as t o esc ape
t h rou g h th e n ose Th e “
q id
li u s
”
re presen t ed by a rc hd e

wi h t h th
.
,

c urves, flow in t o u n ion t o er c o n son an t s, an d us

ma k e d ou bl e c on so n an t s or c on son a n t al d ip t hh on
gs Th e
h h
.

p reced e vo wel s a n d c oa lesc e wit

“
t em
”
c oalesc en t s

h
.

“ ”
Th e i
asp rat e is a b rea t in g u pon t h e foll o win g v o wel .
6 Th e C onson a n ts . 1 3- 1 6

13 . Th e fi rst six t e e n c o n so n a n t s f orm p airs t h u s, p a nd

b; t d; a nd ch an d j; k an d g ; f a n d a ; th a nd th ; s an d

2 ; sh a n d eh Th e a rt ic u l a t io n s in t h e se
p a irs a re the sa me ,

h vy i
.

b ut t h e -
so u nd is l ig h t in t h e fi rst , a nd ea n th e s ec o n d

c o n so n a n t of e ac hp a ir . Ea c h p a ir o f c o n so n a n t s is re p

resen t e d b y simila r s tro k es b u t t h a t , c h o sen f or t h e sec on d

is w rit t e n thic k, in st ea d of th in ; _ p, b, t, Id
h h
,

f, et c We a v e, t ere fo re , a l igh t sign for th e

h
.

ligh t so u n d , a n d a hea vy sign f o r t h e h ea vy sou nd . In t is,

as in t h e fa c t t h a t ea c h g rou p o f c o n so n a n t s is rep re se n t e d
by kin d red sig n s, a n a t u ra l rel a t io n is p re se rv ed b e t w e en

th e s ou n d hea rd an d th e S ig n written Th ro u g h out t hi s

h
.

b oo k w ate v er rela t es t o t h e l ig h t c o n so n a n t s rela t e s a lso

to th e c orresp o n din g h y ea v o n es ( un les s ot h e rw ise s t a te d

)
h f
.

14 Th e c o n so n a n t s sh o u ld b e w rit t en a b o u t o n e - s ix t o

hl
h p g C h ld b k
.

an in c on
g, as in t e se a es are s ou e ta en t o

d hi k l wh th
.

f m h
or t e di g l
c urve t c e t t ers , en st a n n a on e , us

) If m d h
e, y h gh t h y l k l m y
2 a e ea v t ro u ou t e oo c u s

h y h ld b t h i k i ly
.

h midd l
'

t e s ou d p ff t
e c n t e e on an ta er o a

h d p wh h L gi m d
,

ea c en j i i g ex ce t en a o n n su c as o s a e

Th i k t k
.
,

c w i t
s ro p w d e s a re n ev er r t en u ar .

15 As a n a id to re m emb er t h e s t ro k e s f o r th a nd 8 , n ote

h h
.

t at s is t h e c ur e on v t h e rig t sid e o f 7
5 Th e c o n son an t s

l and r fo rm t h e le ft a n d rig h t s id es o f a n a rc h[ i

16 . All t h e Ex e rc is es t h at fo llo w m u st b e c a re f u ll ywi r t

t en ou t, the na me of ea c h shor th a nd letter being p ronou nced
a lou d as i t is written Th e c o n son a n t s m u st a l wa s b e y
h h
.

c alle d by t eir
p o n e t ic na me s t h u s, ch
”
is t o be
n a m ed c ha g , n o t a it ch
“ ”
n ot j ing,
’

see ; ga g, ee ; ng
g
n o t en
jee Th e re a so n fo r h
t is is t h at t h e l et t ers of the
h h h y
.

o n e t ic a lp ab e t st an d on s uc an e n t irel n ew b a sis of
p
c o n s t an c y an d fi x it y of v alue as c o m pa re d w it h t h e l e t t ers
y h h hy
,

of th e o rd in a r a lp a b et , t at t e re q uire t o be d esig n a t e d
by n ew n a mes .
3 Ex ercise: on C onsona n ts .
1
7
-
13

17 Th e c on so n an t s cha y an d ra g a re some w h at

h
. ,

simil ar in ap p e a ran c e It is impo ssib le , o w e ver, to

h h y
.

m ist a k e one fo r t h e ot er, in as mu c as cha y Is al wa s

w ritt en D OW N, h
w ile m y is al wa y s w rit t e n UP ; t h u s,

f/ chug, if ra y

y
.

18 If t h e p u pil c a nn o t p ro d uc e a f a ir c o p o f t h e l et t ers
h
.

in Ex erc is e 1 a t t h e fi rst t ria l , h e s ou l d writ e t h e p ag e

se v eral t imes, and v a ry t h e p rac t ic e b y w rit ing t h e l et t ers
in irregu la r o rd er ; t h u s, A
7
Ex e r c is e 2 .

Cop y the shortha nd letters a nd wr ite t he longha nd letter a

f ter
or on the l ine below ea ch .

Ex e r c ise 3 .

Wri te the Iongha nd letters p lace the shorth a nd lett er af ter

,
a nd
“ “
n med
” ”
each . T he let er
t a i , is rep r se ted y
th e n b i h
“ “
( na med
” ”
a nd thee, by th .

l ( d o wn) , 1) m
A
-
r d :
h (u p) !h (d o wn) Ya W I 1
‘

(up) r n g i D,

y
, ,

e
r zh , sh , z, 8 , t h , th, v, f, g , k j ch , d , t , b, p , , r (d o w n)
h
.
, ,

o
o ng, m, 8, ih , g , d , ( u p) , w , l r (u p) , c h , b, g , l, w, f
yj
.
,

p th, r ( d own) , th, v, m, c h , g, , ,

t , b, s, d , zh , s h , p , n , v,
 Review .
9

Ra v mw .

1 Int o h ow man yg rou p s are th e c on son an t s o f th e alp h ab et

h h y di id h
.

of P o n og ra p v 1 N a me t e m
ed .

2 Wh y is it w ron g t o h h
c a ll t em by t eir o rd in a r in st ead y
h i ph
.

of t e r on et ic n a mes
3 . G iv e so h
me word s in w ic h t h e follo win g
d sou n s oc cur

i h th ; h y g y ; w y we ; h r j r
t ee a a a c a a

H w i my d i t i g i h d f m h ?
, , , ,

o s s n u s e ro c

W it th h t h d l t t
r e e s f
or w y b j kf
an e ers or s, I, ah
wh i h f m p i
.
, , , , , ,

N m th
a ei t l tt
e s x een e ers c or a rs .
10 Lo ng Vere/ el f .

C H A PT ER l l .

LO N G VO W EL S .

19 T h ere are six si mple l on g v o wels in t h e En glis h

y
.

la ng uag e , n a m el ,

Lingu a l .

EE ; AW ,
‘

as h ea rd in t h e w ord s
Eel ; All,

T hy h
e s b e p ro n o u n c e d as sin gl e so u n d s ; t u s, a h a s
oul d
'

h
in a lms [no t a eh a s in ap e ; ee a s in eel ; a w a s a we

[n o t a - dou ble —
you ] ; oh a s owe 0 0 as in ooze . T h ym yb
e a e re

membered b y re ea t in g
p t h e f o l lo w in g se n t e n c e

Pa ma y we a ll
g o t oo .

a h, eh, ee, a w, oh , 00 .

20 T hy e are so un d e d in t h e l a r y nx or v oic e- b ox by
y f th
.

th e pla o e v o c a l c o rd s o n t h e o u t g o in g st re a m of a ir,

h
wit simul t an eou s a d ap t a t io n o f t h e p osit io n of t h e t on g u e
an d l ip s Th e o rd er o f th e v o w e ls in eac h g rou p c o rre
h th h
.

sp on d s w it e o rd er o f t e
eir u t t ra n c e by t h e v oc a l org an s,

eac h series c o mm e n c in g w it h t he mo st o p en and e n d in g

w it h th e m ost c l o se d so u n d . Th e fi rst t h re e vo w e ls , re
p re
s en t ed in P h ono
g ra p hy
by a h ea vy d o t are c a lle d Lin g u a l ,

b ec a u se in t h eir p ro d u c t io n t h e t o n g ue is ma in l c o nc ern ed y
h h h vy h
,

t h e l as t t ree , re pres en t e d by a s o rt ea d as
c a l le d Lab ial , b ec au se in t h eir
pro d u c t ion t h e lip s a re

main l y c o n c ern e d

h
.

21 Th e d o t s an d d as es, represen t in g t h e lon g v o we ls,

h
.

a re n u mb ere d 1 2 an d 3, t us
12 Long Vowel f .

27 Th e f ollo win g Dia g rams fu rt er illustrat e t h e p osi h

h
.

t io n s o f t h e v o wels, as ex pla in ed in p ara g rap s 2 1—26

AV R A
"
OWE L B E FO E C O N SO N A NT .

1 7?

Lu
(down)

AV O WE L F
A TER A C O N SO N AN T .

(d own ) (u p )

28 In w rit in g P h on ogra p hy th e st u d en t s h ould st ri ke

h
.

th e c on so n a n t first, an d t en fi ll in t h e v o wel in it s p rope r

p l ac e .

Ex e r c is e 4 .

Write the Iongha nd word af ter the shortha nd ,

as its line 1 .

1 .
'

l a id , l
’
da y, A m
ai m ma y, /
. s show.

2 . W x 4 .
 Long Vowels .
13

Ex e r c is e 5 .

Write the shortha nd word f ter

a the Iongha nd .

B ah h a (h d own) ; ra w (r u p) , a wed , d a w .

Y ea al e , f a y ; ro e (r u p) , t ou g h h .

Eat p ea , t h ee , we Z o o, moo, b o o, rue (r u p)

ht hy
.

Paw, w o o , m aw , au g ja w s a h aw ( h d o wn )
hy h
.
, , ,

T e ,
c ew , Ayr (r d o wn ), re (r up) , a wn , Co .

’
C a w, e en , au k, ye w, a wl .

RE V I EW .

1 Ho w ma n yl o n g v o wels a re h i t ere

t whi h th y
.

2 o
N a me t h e t wo g ro ups in o c e are d ivid e d, an d
thi di i i
.

ex pla in t h e rea so n f or s v s on.

3 '
By w h a t sig n s a re t hy
e rep resent e d i
h y d i ti h
.

4 H ow a re t e s n g u is ed

h
.

5 Ho w a re t h e p la c es o f t h e v o w el s c ou n t ed wit reg ard

h
.

to a n u p st ro k e ; a n d h ow wit reg ard to a d o wn

st ro ke
6 In w
. h at posit ion s or pl a c es s h ou l d th e v o wel sign s a h ,

oh , ao, eh, a w, cc b e writ t en

7 Writ e th e c on so n a n t s p an d l, a nd s h ow the v owel

h
.

plac es b efo re a n d a ft er t e m .
14
j oin ed C o nsona n ts .

C H A PT ER III .

J O I N ED C O N S O N AN T S .

‘
29 C on so n an t s w
. h j en o in e d s h o ul d b e w ritt en wit h o ut

t a k in g t h e p en f ro m t h e p a p e r, t h e b eg in n in g of th e s ec o n d

c on so n a n t j o in in g t h e en d o f t h e fi rst ; t u s , h
I_ n ot l
tk, fm , p k, tl, l t, p l, lp ,
30 C o n son a n t s w h en j o in e d a re w ritt en in t h e sa m e

y
.

d irec t ion as wh en s t a n d in g a l o n e , u p s t ro k es b e in g a lw a s

w rit t en u p wa rd , an d down s t ro k es d o wn w a rd ; t h u s,

q m t, not A
31 L and sh , h owe v er w h en j o in e d to ot h er st ro k e s,
h
.
,

m a y b e w rit t en eit e r u p w a rd or d o w n w a rd , u n d e r ru le i
‘

w ic h h w ill b e ex p la ine d la t e r . T h e f o llo win g a re ex a mple s

of t h e Jo in in g of
—
h t e se c o n so nan t s

K a r L /
V
A A / o
lk, l n y, sh f, sh m, sh l, l sh .

32 In a c o mbin a t io n o f c o n so n a n t s, the fi rst descend ing

y
.

st ro ke u su a ll res t s o n t h e l in e t h us

t ch, ch t, kt, m ch, nb, mr, p th, 1: ch p , p tf , m n th l .

33 An asc end ing s t ro ke b egin n in g a co mbin a tio n s h ould

h
.

c o mmen c e o n t h e l in e t u s,

Q
ZP,
A
M
g
wk,
é e m
hf ) y lp ’
i zz z} .

, y r,
34 A h orizo n t a l s t ro ke f ollo we d b y a n asc e n din g st ro ke
h
.

is writt en on t h e lin e t u s,
 j oined Consona nts . 15

35 W h en a st ra ig ht c o n son an t is rep ea t e d t h ere mu st

h
.
,

be no b rea k b et w een t h e t wo le t t e rs t u s,

66, ch ch, td , kg, bp , dt

pp , 17, .

36 . A c u rv e d c on son an t is re pe a t e d t h us

"
fl,
CH AN D UPWARD R .

37 As a lre a d yp o in ted ou t , ch a y is a l wa y s a d o wn st ro k e,
wh
.

a n d ra y a l wa ys a n u ps t ro k e ; m oreover, en ch a n d r s ta n d

a lon e, ch sl o pes a litt l e f ro m t h e p erpe n d icu lar, an d r sl op es

a lit t le f ro m t h e h o rizon t a l ; t u s ch h r Th e s t rok e
y th h
, .

n a t ura ll t a k es ese s lop es w en st ru c k d o wn ward an d

u p w a rd res pec t ivel y

h j h hy
.

38 W e n ch a n d r a re o in e d to ot er st ro k es, t e a re

g ih
.

d ist in ed by t h e d irec tion of the s t ro k e, an d th e mou n t

“

u s a

o f sl op e is of n o im po rt an c e ; t h u s,

m ch,
LO N G V O WE S L B ETW EEN TW O C O N S O N AN TS .

39 . F I RS T a n d S EC O N D P -
L AC E lo n g v o w els , w h en oc cur

ring b et w een t w o c o nson a n t s, are writ t e n a

f ter the fi rst
stroke ; a s I ta lk, 1 ga te B u t in o rd er t o a v o id
. an

aw k wa rd p o sition for t h e sig n , T H I R D P L A C E v o wels -

are

wri tt en bef ore the secon d stroke as teac h,

/ I rea d . Th e v o w el is still in t h e t h i d pl
r a c e, a s in dic a ted
in t h e fo llo wing diag ra m
’
LO N G v o wn ns T L AC ES .

M
16 G ra mma logu es .
-
4 41
0

G RA MM ALO G UES .

40 F re quen tl y o c c u rrin g w o rd s are ex p resse d in sh ort

h h Th
.

an d by o ne of t e ir l et t ers, as fo r be . ese

word s a re c a ll e d g ra mm a lo gu es or l e t te r w o rd s,
-
an d th e
s h thor an d c h ara c t e rs t h at re p rese n t t h e m are c a lle d l og o

g ra ms , or w o rd let t ers
-
At t h e h ea d of th e n ex t a n d fol
h h
.

l o win g Exerc ise s so me gra mma lo gu e s a re g iv e n w ic

s h o u ld be c o m mit t e d to m emor y h
T ese c a ra c t ers a re h
y gh
.

g en e rall w ritt e n o n t h e lin e, b u t o f t e n a b o ve o r t h rou

it Th e p o sit io n in w ic h h y h
t h e s o u l d b e w rit t en is in d i
h
.

c a t ed t u s : ( 1) above t h e l in e ; ( 3 ) th rough t h e l in e

o t h ers re st on t h e l in e
h h th d t
.

41 Th e su c c e edin g Ex e rc ises w en in s or an a re o

h h ypi h y
.

b e t ra n s c ribe d in Io n g an d w en in or di n ar r nt t e

a re t o b e w rit t en in s h h o rt an d .

Ex e r c is e 6 .

The f u ll stop is rep resen ted by a s ma ll cross ; th u s x

a ll be, he ,
the , who
 j oin ed C onson a n ts . 17

Ex e r c i s e 7 .

I n this a nd f ollowing Exercises (u n til th e ru les on the su b ect j

a re rea ched ) , the stud en t is d irec ted by a sma ll cap ita l letter
when to write the letters L , R , a nd H d own war d Gra mma .

lognes a re p rin ted in ita lic .

1 Ba l m, l a u g p m ; bh a ll
ya w n, m a u l , c a w ed
al

h
, ,
. .

o
t S a pe , b a k e, ma n e, f a m e, H a g ue ; p o lo , b o at , j o k e , f o aL
h h
.

o
c Pee R, d ee R, ve a L, le a p , kn e eL ; b o o t , b oo t , ru d e , t oo t
h
.

x
a P0 p e, c oal , c al k, fa in , ze a l , H a w k, vo
g u e, c ag e, n a iL
F h h
.

l ieg e, b ea m , l a u d , p oac , b o t ,
eed , b o o m , sh o n e
v

h h p
.

z
c W reat h s , lon e, rea m, w eep, w are, t ieve , zero , s ee

y t h i f wh
.

q The p a g e may see t he ma il 8 Th e saw t he e o

h h h ym y m h k
. .

t o ne the ro b e 9 T o u g he jeeR , t e a na e t e n av e

F 1 1 Th y k
. . .

1 0; ol k a ll s a y he ma y be the ro
g ue w e no the
h h
. .

d o o m h e m ay l o a t e . 12 . He m a y b e no ero .

REV I EW .

Ho w are j oin ed c o nso n a n t s w rit t en

S h w by
o e x a m pl e s h o w l a n d sh a re w rit t en w h j
en o in ed
t h o ot er c o n s on a n t s

Wh y
.

3 . iat s u s u a ll t h e p o sit io n of the fi rst d esc en ding

st ro ke in a c o mbin a t io n
4 . St a t e t h e p o s it io n o f a n asc en d in g s t ro k e c o mm en c in g a
c o mbina t io n
h h h
.

5 S o w h o w a o rizo n t al s trok e is w ritt en w en f ollow e d

h
.

b y a d e sc en d in g st rok e, a n d w e n f o llo we d by a n
a sc end in g s t ro k e .

Ho w a re st ra ig h t stro k es re p eat ed G ive ex am ples

h
.

Stat e t h e d ist in c t io n b e t w ee n ch a n d u p w a rd r (a ) w en
s t a n din
g a l h
o n e ; (b) w en j oin ed t o o t e r c on so n a n t s h .

8 In dic a t e b y fi g u re s t h e res p ec t ive p osit ion s o f t h e fi rst ,

h
.

s ec o n d , a n d t ird p lac e l o n
g v o wels b et wee n t h e
-

f o llowin g c on so n ant s,
f
f M

9 . Defi n e a gra mmalogu e an d a l og ogra m .

2
18 S h ort Vowels .

C H A PT ER IV .

S H O RT V O W EL S .

42 In a d d it io n t o th e six l on g v o w e l so u n d s , t h ere are

h h h
.

six c orresp o n d in g s o rt v o w el so un d s in En glis , w h ic a re

h ea rd resp ec t i v el y in t h e w o rd s p dt, p et, p i t n ot, nut f obt
’

y y
.
,

Th e v o c a l org a n s oc c u
p n ea rl t h e s am e p o sit io n s in t h e

p ro d u c t ion o f t h ese sou n d s as in t h e u t t era n c e o f t h e l on g

v o w el s in p d lm, p ate p é dt n ou gh t, n ote, f ood, bu t t h e s h o rt

y
,

v o wel s a re p ro n o u n c ed m ore ra
p id l ,
thus

Th e s h in p a lm is a (sa y a h u ic kl y) in p a t
o rt sou n d o f a h q
h q
.

Th e s o rt sou nd o f eh in p a te is e (sa y eh u ickl y) in p et

h q i kly) i pit
.

Th e s ort sou n d of ee in p ea t is i (s a y cc u c n

h y w q i kly) i
.

Th e s ort sou n d o f a w in n ou gh t is 0 (sa a u c n n ot.

Th e s h o rt sou n d o f oh in n o te is n ea rl y u (u h) in n u t
h q
.
.

Th e s o rt sou n d o f 0 0 in f ood (sa y 00 u ic k ly) is 66 in f oot .

B yd ra wling a w o rd c on t ain in
g a s h o rt v o w e l, th e c orre

sp on d ing l o ng v o w el w ill b e h eard . C o mpa re p ick, p eek

cot , ca u gh t .

Simil ar sig n s a re e mp l o ed f or t h e s o rt as fo r t h e
43 y h
y h
.

lon g v o w els, n a me l , d o t s an d d a s e s ; b u t t h e sig n s f or

h
t h e s o rt v ow els a re w rit t en lig t l , in o rd er t o in d ic ate h y
t h eir s h o rt a nd lig t er h so u n d , th us

Sou nd Sign Sou nd

d t h at

e pen mu c h
i is 56 good

Th e ord e r o f th e s h o rt v o we ls ma y b e re mem bered b y say

in g th e f o llo win g s en t e n c e

Th a t pen is n ot mu c hg ood .
20 Sh ort Vow els .
6
4 48
-

S H O RT V O WE S L B ETW EEN T W O C O N S O N AN TS .

46 F I RST an d T H I RD- P L AC E s h o rt v o w els are w rit t en in

h
.

th e sa me p osit io n a s t eir c orre spo n d in g l on g v o w el s ; as

_ J
L ta ck, L tick, p ap , p ip , rock, / rook .

47 . SEC O N D -
P L AC E s h—t or vo w els a re w ritt e n bef ore the
\
second conson a n t ; ~

I
get, wreck, _
I
bu tt,
k
[
tu b,

J gu l l, lug
h
.

4 8 C o mp are t h e plac es o f s e c o n d p l a c e l o n g
.
-
an d s ort

vow el s in t h e f oll o win g d iag ra m s a n d w o rd s

S EC O N D- P L AC E L O N G V OWE S A L F T ER T HE F I RST C O N SO N AN T .

N —r —
n
J

S EC O N D - P L AC E S H O RT V O WE S L B F
E O RE T H E S EC O N D

C O N SO N AN T .

—y
/

M
V a l le, V 196”, core, our, A
I ta ke, I
_
Tec k, f roa m, ru m .

Ex e r c i s e 8 .

a, an a nd up ), a re, 1 bu t,

f o,
o x to .

A ? l
” /
 21
.

S h o rt Vowels .

Ex e rc is e 8 (con tinued ) .

Ex e r c is e 9 .

1 Dab , lad An a b , b a b, c a n a L , a t t ac k H a c k , a R k, b a rk
h h
.
.
,

C k, leg e art h , f eLL , b el l, e d,

ye LL , w ret c h

t
ec s

h h
, .

FiL L , g id d y, t ing e , Hi c k , p ig , ric k ill, t ic k , gill

h h
, .

! C o d , ro b, d o t , k n ob , lo d g e, f o a m, s oc k H oc k n otc

h th t h h
.
, ,

Pu g , o uc h , mu g b u n c mo n t h , p u n c
1
0 u c H ug ,

y
, , .
,
°
6 B k oo k h B oo s oop u ll, p u lle y, n oo k , b u ll, b u l l
k p ush
Jh y w h y
.
, , , ,

t e b a y c o b a nd the fi ll ea t H a y in the
7
« o nn sa

m ea d o w 8 A l a m b a nd a b u llo c k a re in the m ea d o w , bu t
-

h
. .

t h e y fe e d a l o n g w ay o ff 9 Eac anima l m a y g o to the

h
. .

ma y ; a ll m a y t a k e of it 1 0 Th e f a R m, t h ou g b aR e a nd
h lk y h M h
. .

c a ,
J im a nd B ob o e m ay
p p ay in arc .

RE V I EW

y h
.

How ma n s ort v o w els a re t h e re

t
-
g
,

p H o w d o t h e s h o rt v o w e ls d iff e r f ro m t h e l o n g v o w el s
h
m G iv e t h e sou n d s of t h e 5 11: s ort v owels f o l lo w ed by t h e
c o n so n a n t t
b y wh i h t h y
.

G iv e t h e sig n s
t
:
9
c e a re re pre sen t ed
h
Ho w d o t h e s n s o t e s o rt v o w els d iff er fro m t ose
ig f h
.

h
o f t h e l on g v o w e ls
a
c G iv e six w o rd s illu st ra t in g t h e p o wers o f t h e s o rt vo wels h
h h
.

i
x W at is t h e p o sit io n o f a fi rs t p lac e s o rt v o wel b et ween
h V
-

t w o c o n so n a n t s A se c on d p la c e s ort owel ? A
h
-

th ird pla c e s o rt v ow el
-
22 D iph th ongs .

C H A PT ER V

DIP H T H O N G S .

49 T h ere are f ou r d oub le v o w el s , o r d ip h th on g s, n amel y

h
.
,

i, ow, oi, u, as e a rd in t h e w o rd s vie, c ow, boy, an d d ue

h
.

Th e fi rst t re e are rep re se n t e d by a sma ll a cu t e a n g le , a n d

t h e f o u rt h by a s ma ll se mic irc le , t h us

OW A
i

Th e co mpo n e n t v o w el s in e ac h c a se ma y b e su p
p o s ed t o b e

50 . Th e t rip t hh on g wi, as h ea rd in wife, is re p rese n t ed

by a sma ll rig h t a n g le , t h us WI I L

Th e d iph t
51 h on g oi is w rit t éi
t h e fi rst pl a c e, a nd
n n c

h y
.

I
7
t ere fo re al w a s at th e b eg in n in g o f a s t ro k e, as toy,
4
~

coy, / Roy Th e hh
d ip t on g a is w rit t en in t h e
h h lw y
.
7

t ird pl a c e, -
an d t eref o re a a s at th e e n d o f a s t ro k e, as

__ cue, x y ou r
hh hh
.
R

52 Th e d ip t on g s i an d ow a n d t h e t rip t o n g wi ma y
h
.

be w rit t en e it er in fi rst , s e c o n d , o r t h ird p l a c e , a s is m o st -

c on v en ie n t as V isle , V t ile ;
A > .

f owl ,

53 . B ot h i an d wi m ay b e j o ined in it ial l
L
y to a d o wn
\ v
st ro ke as I item, ic y, ) ice N ire ; I white, wi
fe
h y
, , , .

54 . B ot ow a n d oi ma y b e j oin e d in it ia ll to u
pw a rd l,
f owl, oil .

55 . B ot h ow a n d it m a y b e j o in e d fi n al l t o y a d o w nst rok e,
bou gh, kl, p ew, du e L
Aft er t h e c o ns o .

n an t n , t h e d ip thh on g u m a y b e writ t e n t u s , V new, an d h

ow t h u s, M n ow ; i is j o in e d to n t h u s, w nigh.
 6
5 57
-
s h th ongs .
23

56 Le arners somet imes c o n f u se t h e d ip t

. hh on g
V
I
5 w it h th e

h
s ort v owel
I i; a lso u w it h t h e s h o rt v o w el u , an d

I ow w it h t h e l on g v o w el oh Th e f o llo w in g pia rs of

w ord s illust ra t e t h e c o n t ra st b e t w een d ip h t h o n g s an d v o wels .

4 righ t , 4
0 ) u se,
a us ; / AIrou t, K I wrote ; l eow ( no u n ) ,
- sow ( v erb) .

57 . W h en a dip t hh on
g a n d v o w e l, or t wo v o w e ls ,
occu r

bet w ee n t wo st ro k e c o n s o na n t s , e a c h s h ou ld , if c o n v e n ien t ,

be p l a c e d ag a in st the c o n so n a n t to h
w ic h it n a t ura ll y
belo ngs t h u s, M
N
ne wer, [ DLo uisa .

Ex e r c is e 10 .

I
( ), ha ve, I, 01
' I
( ),

7 / ou r or hou r n you .

\
E
e
x
K V /
4

< l _ n

\/
n
'
24 D iph thongs .

Ex e r c i s e 11 .

1 G uy, rye, v ie, g uil e, mig t ; ro w hy

t ou , l o u d , c o wry h '

y y
. .

2 Allo , H o y, e n v o ; K e w, H e w, feu d ; wid en , w ife l y f ew e R

h y h
.
, .

3 T o u gh the d ik e m ay be a mile a wa mo u t of the

at th e
ll y y
.

va e we ca n m o v e it b y d na mit e 4 Wh y home you all o wed

y
. .
,

the en em to t a k e a re f u
ge s o v a lu e d ? 5 We ca n ma n ag e
y y Ig h
.

to a n no a nd t errif the fo e e m o to C in a 6 We ca n

y y
. .

a Rg u e how w e m ay o c c up the t o w eR 7 He was lo al, we

y
. .

k n e w, so w e m ay e n j o the a id w e v al u e to ren ew the a t t ac k

a n d ass a il the h u
g e fo e . 8 . We h ope w e ma y l u R e ou r en e m y
to d ow n f a LL .

RE V I EW ..

1 y
Ho w ma n d ip t o n g s a re t hh h eier

h h hh g hh
.

2 . G ive w o rd s in w ic t h e d ip t on s an d t rip t on g a re

H ow m a y i, o w, a n d wi b e w ritt en as t o pl ac e
S t a t e t h e p osit io n s f or oi a n d it .

h
W at sig n s ma y b e o ined in it ia ll j yt o c o n so n a nt s ?
Wh at dip t hh on
g s m a y be j oin e d fi n all t o c on son an t s ? y
Give e x a m ples o f (a j
) oin ed in itia l an d fi n al d ip t on g s hh
an d t rip t hh on g (b) s h ow h o w t h e d ip t hh on
g s u an d
'

i a re writ ten t o t h e c on so n a n t n .
 “ “ 25
Circle ” ”
5 a nd z.

C H A PT ER V l .

C I RC LE 8 AND Z .

58 6 ( t og e t h er w it h its h y ea v so u n d 2 , fo r w ic h h 8 is
ywi y
.

g en e ra l l r t t e n ) is on e of th e m o st f re q u en t l o c c u rrin g

c o n so n a n t sin t h e Eng lis la n gu a g e h

Th e c o nson a nt s is
y
.

re p re se n te d n o t o n l b y t h e st ro k e ) , bu t a lso b y a sm all
c irc le w ic h hf o rms an ea s ym ea ns o f j o ining on e c o n

so n a n t to a n ot h e r.

59 Wh e n the c irc le st a n d s a lo n e , o r is j o in e d to st ra ig ht
h
.

c o nson a n t s not f orm ing an an

g le, it is w rit t en w it th e
b a c k ward or L EF T m ot io n t h D us

Q
,

@
(
a

7
sp , l st 3 m sk, (d y er, i ksk;

é
, ,

fi p s, ts, U ch s, — @ ks, E

60 . B e tw een t wo st ra i h
g t lin es f orm in g an a n gle , th e

c irc l e 3 is w rit t e n on th e O U TS I DE o f the a n gle ;t h us,

”

f kst,
\ o
J \ rap
_ tsk,
T p et, / ,
rsk.

61 W h en th e c irc l e 8 is j o in e d to c u rv es , it is writt en
h
.

in sid e t h e c urv e, a n d w en it o c c u rs b e t w een t wo c u rv es,

it is u su all y w ritt en in sid e t h e fi rst ; as, sf, \f o s

,

h
o
as, r
-
o ms, g m, ( at, f ls, j s sh, o J sh s,

K
”
fl a me, m mem, lel, K new,
25 C ircl e s a nd z .
”
62

62 . Th e c irc l e 3 is al wa y s rea d f irst at t h e b egIn mn g of a

w o rd , and la st at th e en d , t he v o w e l o r v owe ls b eing rea d

a c c o rdin
g to t h eir p o sit io n s wit h re a rd
g to th e s t ro ke c on

s o n an t , a n d n o t w it h refere n c e t o th e c irc le , a s,

u
p, ou gh t, a ge, oa k, ai m, p a y, ma y, ra y, d a y, f ay ;

X F f l k
'

'

A N. e .

sup , sou gh t, sage, soa k, sa me, p a ce, mace, ra ce,

Ex e r c i s e 1 2 .

a ny, o r in a s, ha s o is, h is, give, or given ,

l
A h im, or may, me , 01
‘
my M C)

— V

i r e

Ex e r c is e 1 3 .

1 Sou p , sn o w, ean s, ke y s, p sal m, s e ed , be es, al m s, t h aw s

h
. .

2 U pset mu sk , d ec e it , o possum , t ea n s, b eseec , o xid e

y y
. .
,

3 . Sa m is f un of d isma . in p a ssing the B ay of B isc a .

28 “ ” “ ”
Loops st a nd s tr

Ex e r c is e 1 4 .

afi rst p ut C) J sha ll, shou ld , them

Q
, , ,

th ese (
3
(3 th is, h
e those

j
4 “
l
'

V a
( -
x

Ex e r c is e 1 5 .

1 St ee p, p est, st ic k , k issed s tu ff, foist , st a t u e , s t a t u t e

J h
. .
,

2 est , j est er, j est ers elas t ic , pas t o rs , f o st er, C es t er

y h hy
. .
,
’
3 A k in g min ist ers o c c u p
s H ig p o st s ; t e ca n s
p ea k
y
.

f irst a n d t he ma y m a k e O R man t he p e ac e f
o t he re st

h
.
,

4 If c o sen by vo te those wh o ha ve the p o w en to reg is t e r

h
.
,

su c a Vot e shou ld u se i t to p u t in o fii c e j u st a d v isers a nd

those h o n est in c o u n seL 5 B these the y h ea d f the s t a t e

o

y
. .

ma y be sa fe l a d vise d , a nd in this w ay h is run e ma y be fi x e d

hy
.

6 . Mi i tn s ers
f o ffi c e if t e sha ll h a ve lost
who f a iL , g o ou t o
po w i
eR n h
th e ou se ; i n ea R ly t im es k in g s d ism isse d t hem
M y
.

7 . an a re th e j est s on the w a y so me k ing s b olster u p d is

 “ ” “ ”
29
Loops st a nd s ir.

h on est minist ers 8 In e a rl yd y a s st a id ofiic ers ha ve man y

hy
.

j
.

t imes lost p o weR, as t e ref used to be u n u st .

RE V I EW .

1 . In a dd it ion t o th e c o n so n a n t w h at ot h er sig n is u sed

to re p rese n t s i
2 H ow is t h e c irc le 8 w rit t en b et we en t wo st ra ig ht st ro k es
h h
.

( 1) w en a t a n a n g le ( 2) w en ru n n in g in t h e sa me
d ire c t io n
How be t w ee n c u rv es ?
H o w 1 8 st in d ic a t e d
Ho w is str re presen t e d
Is t h e si n
g f or str u se d in it iall y
W h en m ay t h e sig ns fo r st a n d d o b e w ritt en in t h e
mid d le of a w ord ? G ive s o m e e x a m p le s

h
.

S ow by e x am p l e s h ow a fi n a l 3 m ay b e a d ded to at

a n d str.
30 “ “ ” “ 67-69
La rg e Circles 5 20
”
a nd es or se .
”

C H A PT ER V I I .

LARG E C IRCLES S W AN D 8 8 OR 8 2 .

67 A la rge I N I TI A L c irc l e w ritt en in t h e sam e man n er

h
.

as th e c irc le 8, re pre s en t s t h e d o u ble c on so n a n t sw, t us

r sea t, fl sweet, A s um,

Q
‘ K swa m,
C’
K sore, Q
A O swore,

but a» !w y s a ,
W swa ying .

68 A l a rge M ED I A L o r F I N AL c irc l e , w rit t en in t h e sa m e

h
.

w ay as c irc le 8 , re p re sen t s 8 3 or so T is larg e c irc le m ay

h
.

be su pp ose d to c o n t a in th e se c o n d -
p l ace s ort v o w el e ,
an d

t h us to re res en t ses, see, zes, o r see

p ; t h u s,
ff (ses) necessity ;

\0 (see) fi ( ) possessive
—0
(see)
p a sses ;
g
ees 7 ca uses .

Oth e r v o w els ma y b e e x p re s se d b y p l a c in g t h e v o wel sign -

wi h i h —é exha ust
t n th e c irc le ; t u s,
i
f
;
ex ist ( ekzist) , f ,

} Fi
.

a exercise . na l 3 is a dd ed by c on t in u in
g the c irc le

t h u s, aversises

Wh en
.

69 a w o rd h a s a fi n al ac c en t , th e st ro ke 3 and

y
.

s mall c irc l e o r th e s mal l c irc le and s t ro ke 8 a re g en era ll

u sed , an d n ot the l arg e c irc le , t h us , P
’
ra ces, b ut

4}
' '
V0
'
recess ; pa ces, b ut p ossess .

Ex e r c is e 1 6 .
 “ ’ “ ”
70 7 x
'
Vow els a nd s
”
a na t .
31

Ex e r c is e 16 (con ti nu ed) .

a
. m
y
a
. ?

Ex e r c i s e 17 .

1 Swit c h S we dis h swin g , s will, s wif t est s wi v eL

y
. .
, ,

2 Po ssesson , a c c essor u n su c c e ssf u l . ro se s, a n aL ysis

hy y
.
, .

3 At the d esiRe of Lord S wa n a g e , t e w ro t e essa s on

yb of Th m
.

G en e sis 4 The su c c essfu L ess a on e the na me o as

M yw
. .

Da vis 5 an ere fun .

of e R R O R s, bu t the ma st er Seems
ig h ly f D y
. .

’
to th in k H o a vis s a s possessing man ex c ellen c e s
yw y
.

6 . A th in g given b y man as f the b oo k

a s n op sis o

V O WELS AN D 8 AN D T .

70 As an initial c ircl e o r lo o p mu st al w a y s be rea d fi rst,

y
.

an d a fi n al c irc le or l oo p mu s t a lw a s be rea d la s t (see

p ara gra p h s 62, it is n e c ess ar y wh en w o rd b e g in s or
a

wi h h y
,

ends t a v o w el , t at st ro ke c o n son an t s b e e m lo ed ,
p
an d n ot c irc le 8 or l oo p st, to wh i h c v o w els c a nn o t be

p l a c ed . C o mp are, f or e x ample, Y\ a sleep ,

an d fl slee
p
\ 0

71
/
p u ss

Th e
,an d p ussy ;
STR O K E c on so n an t
l
; dus t,
m u st b e
an d
E
u se d
du sty . Th ere fore ,

h y
.

(a ) W en 8 or e is t h e on l c onso n a n t in a w ord , as

sigh , ea sy . Th e st ro k e is a lso e mplo y ed in

de riv at ives from su c hw o rd s , a s if s a w- mill, I; sigh ing,
82 Vow els a nd
“ ”
a nd
“
t
"
s .
72

(b) W h en a word b egin s w it h a v o w el imme dia t el yf ol

l ow ed by s or e, a s a sk, esp y, k a ssu me, I saa c .

(c) W h en a w ord b egin s wit h 8 , f ollo w e d by a v o w el

an d a n ot h er 3
'

o r e, t h e s t ro k e 8 is w rit t en a n d t en t h e h
C i rc l e J \
)
;
'
as cease, e sei z u re, a

(d ) W h en in it ial 3 is f o llo we d by t wo v o wel s, as

L Sia m, L sci nce

o e ,
L scia t ica or w h en fi n al 8 is p re
c ede d b y t wo v ow els i d p osi tions ;
'

n i fi eren t as

tortuous .

(e) W h en a word en d s w it h a v o w el imm e diat el yp re

c ed e d by s o r e, as mercy , ra cy ,
f
busy, 0 la zy .

(f ) W h en a word b egin s wit h 2, th e st ro ke is writt en ,

t h us k zero ,
zea l, La:_ zi gza g

72 W h en t h e l a st c o n so n a n t s in a w ord a re s t, wit h a

h h
.

v o w el b e t w ee n t em , an d w en a v o w el f ollo w s s t, t h e
c irc l e 3 an d the c on son an t t mu st be u se d , a n d n o t t h e loo p
t h u s, ( f rosette, 4 f rusty .

Ex e r c i s e 18 .

so, us, see , use (n o un) use ( v erb) ,

whose (l
‘

which .
 Vowels a na
’“
s
" a nd t.
’
33

Ex e r c is e 1 8 (con tin ued) .

\ / i l
/ .l A ”

Ex e r c is e 19 .

1 Ac e, essa y y sa s, esp o u s e , sc hi m s a ssize, a ssi n ee.

g
y y y h
.
, ,

2 . Dizz ,
c os ,
ro s ,
ru s se t t , su ic id e , sc isso n s, easel zenit
, .

3 C ec il ca n n o w see it is o
f n o u se to assa il the l essee who is
h h y y
.

on est , a nd to whose o n es t a ll o
f u s ca n t es t if 4 If w e
h y
. .

ma y sa y so, he g t to be les s ze alou s to

ou a b u se in so f uss a

w ay su c h an u n a ssu m in g f e llo w 5 To . use him t h us is to

h y
.

s o w a sau c in ess wh ich is wrong 6 O nLy a n in n ca n p ur

‘

. .

s ue it in so t est y a st yl e.

RE V I EW .

Ho w is in it ial sw represen t ed
W rite sev eral wo rd s in w ic h hi n it ial sw o c c u rs .

How is 8 3 re
presen t e d , an d h ow is it d ist ing uis h ed from
sw

4 Il lu st rat e b y ex a mples t h e w a y in w ic h h th e v o wel is

h
.

s o w n in 38

h h
.

5 G iv e ex a mp l es of ea c of th e s
c la s es o f words in w ich
y
.

st ro ke 8 is e mplo ed .

6 W h en is st rok e 2 u sed 2
.

7 Writ e deceit sewer (a d rain)

.
, .

3
 34 C H A PT ER V l l l .

L AN D R H O O K S .

73 T h e liq uids l an d r are o ft en f ou n d following an d

y h h
.

. c l osel u n it ed o r blen d ed wit ot e r c o n s on a n t s , f orm in g a

d o u ble c o n so n a n t or c o n so n a n t a l d ip t hh on g as in t h e
word s plo w bro w , glare , d rin k, fly, f ry, m aker, d ou ble ,
h
,

e tc In ron oun c in g t es e w o rd s, t h e c o mbin a t ion o f t h e l

p
h
.

or r w it t h e p rec ed in g c o n so n a n t is u tt e re d by a sin g le

efi o rt o f th e o rg a ns o f sp eec h T h es e c o n so n a n t c o m bin a

h
.

t ion s a re re re s en t ed
p by a d din g an in itia l oo k t o t h e sim pl e
c h arac t e rs t o in dic a t e t h eir u n ion wit h a f o llo win g I o r r .

IN ITIAL H O O K ADDIN G L AN D R TO STRAIG HT

LETTERS .

74 A s ma ll in it ia l h oo k w rit t en towar ds the L EF T, a dd s

h h
.

L to s t ra i

"
g t c o n so n a n t s t u s,

””
7
3
‘
i l <5 e
bl, ti, d l, ch l, jl ,
kl l

75 A small in itial h oo k w ri t t en towa rds the R I G H T , a d ds

ght
.

R to s t ra i c on son an t s, t h u s,

C
c
.

p. p r, br, tr, do ch 7 3 in km or .

Th e f ollo wing m n emonic a id will b e u sef u l f or reme mbe rin g

th e p l an d p r s e ries . I f t h e Le ft h and he h e ld u p , w it h th e

fi rst fi n ger ben t, t h e o u t lin e o f tl w ill be se en ; a n d if t h e

h h h
Rig t an d h e eld u p, in t h e sa me w ay, t h e ou t lin e o f 01°
will b e seen By t u rni ng the h a n d rou n d t o t h e f o llo win g
ht
.

osit ion s, a ll the s t ra ig d ouble c on so n a n t s o f th e pl an d

p
p r s eries will b e formed by t h e fi rst fin g er .
 “ “
36 I ”
a nd r
”
H ooks .
30-84

so take car e how you a dd ress h im 6 He is my d eb t or, bu t I

h
. .

sha ll in d u lg e in n o v u lg a r re p roac es .

IN ITIAL H O O K TO C U R ES V .

80 An in it ia l h oo k c an on l y be a d d ed to c urved c on .

y h
.

so n a nt s in on e p o sit io n , na mel , insid e t h e c u rv e , t us

QK Th e h oo k , ,
h
o wev er ma
y be mad e eit h er l arge
or sm a ll , as in t h e ex a mp le s
h
.

81 . Th e c on so n a n t s l, r, a n d )s a re n o t oo k ed
t o in dic a t e t h e a dd it io n o f l or r Th e sig n s q a re,

h
.

t ere fo re, used as e x t ra f orms f or fi fr an d

I
) 9as ex t ra

h h wi h t h h y
, ,

sig ns f o r thl , t hr, w ic t e c o rre s on d in g

p ea v c on

so n an t s, h a ve d u pl ic a t e d f o rm s, t h us ,

Q
“s Q
“ v l, ( 9 m ( 9m
7 7

Q
.
. ,

“ fr, K N v r,
C ) th r C7 th r
P

, .

L HOO K .

82 A L ARG E in it ial h k ad ds l to t he k
Qf Q
oo c urves

h
.

j A v ly, ;tevil, Ethel, Nd ofllc ia l,

u s, y
0
\ ca mel \ p ena l Th e d o u ble c on so n a n t shl may b e
_c
Q
h h
, , '
.

w rit t en e it er u p wa rd o r d o w n wa rd it is, o w ev e r, g e n er
a ll y w it r t en u p w a rd Th e rig t h c u rv es
9 9 m ust

ly b F T ER a n o t h e r c o n so n a n t h y
.

on e u sed A ,
t e a re most co n
v en ie n t ly w rit t e n a ft e r k, g, n , or a s t ra ig h t u p st ro k e ,
-
as

W ca w lry , {4
K grufi y, W infla me, A e flw
re e

l letha l
f
an d 9 a f t er 6, l, as Be thel, f - .

R HO O K .

83 . A SM A L L in it ial h oo k ad ds r to c urv e s ;t h u s, f
k oj
‘

or,

L C either 7 measu re,

‘

ec cry , C a u thor, v
,
ush er,

r
fi ca l mer,
L din ner . Th e d ou b le c onso n a n t shr is writ
t en d o w n w a r d on l y .

84 . Th e alt ern at ive fo rms f or f r, vr, thr, are emplo yd

e as

fol lo ws
 “ “
85 I
”
a nd r
”
H ooks .
37

h j h
O

(a) W en n ot oin e d to a n ot er s t ro ke c on son an t ,

th e L EF T c u rves K C a re u se d w h en th e w o rd b egin s
wit h a v o we l as K ,
ever, K af ra y, eth er .

(b) Th e R I G H T c u r es v
r

) a re
(
u se d w h en a v owel

d oes n ot p rec e d e t h e c on so n an t , as N f ra y th ree

h h hi
, .

() 0 W e n j oin ed t o a st ro k e c o nson a n t w ic s w rit t en

towa rds the righ t, t h e RI G HT c u rves s h ould be u sed w h en

ev er p os sib le , a s

W h
in
j o in e
L
d
throb,

ke w rit t en towa rds

(d ) en t o a s t ro c o n so n an t

the lef t, t h e L EF T v
c u r es s h o u ld be u se d w h e n ev e r
p ossibl e,

i
‘

a vera ge, Jefi rey .

(e) B u t in p re feren c e t o an aw k w a rd j o in in
g ,
eit h er

form c an be u se d , a s in k ,
F ra n k, f roth .

NG H o ox ED .

85 In ac c o rd an c e wit h ru le , the s ig n v w oul d represen t

h hw
.

th e s o un d ng-r , a s in sing er T e re a re, o ev er, s o few

h h h hi h
.

w ord s In w ic ng is f o llo we d b y r , t at t s oo ked out

l in e is u sed to re resen t t h e f re q u en t l
p y o c c u rrin
g s ou n d s o f

ng- kr an d ng- gr,

“)
as h ea rd in ba nker l ,
t inker

f inger, f ling er . Wo rd s suc h as sin ger a n d wringer

m u st , t h e ref o re , b e writt en in f u ll ,
t h u s,
Q
’
\
Ex e r c i s e 22 .
 “ “
38 1
”
a nd r
”
H ooks

Ex e r c i s e 2 3 .

ARRiv a l, rival , c a v il, fla p , mu ffl e , f en n el ,

k enn el s uffl e “

h
h y h y
, .

At o l flog flo o a fl urr ru ffl e fl in c ra v el fl a sk
g
F
.
, , , , , , ,

e v e r, lea t h e r, AR t h u r k nu c k le f re a k f ria R loc k er

, , , , .

C a n k er m aling e r a d v erse , p a c k er, l o a f e r d o c k er

Fi h
, , , .

s e r, rid er, o w n er, t a p er, b u g le R, t rea c le , ru mo r

h h y
.

Do v er, ri ver, g iver, m a n n er, t e t er, t rust , f ree l .

Ex e r c i s e 2 4 .

f f m, Job mere,
K ,
or, ro e x . or

ma rk U n ea r, their, or t here . “m y a .

m x

N \ x kk
\
s c/ ‘ fl F
°
8 6- 8 8 I nitia l C ircles a nd Loops .
39

Ex e r c is e 2 5 .

1 . h
My d ea r Et el —F rom t ropic a l Afric a there a Rises a
,

ca ll f or more l a bore Rs to ra ise th e p eo p le f rom th eir very

lo w s c aL e of l ife 2 A s Lord B yt h e ll a n d M r T ac k era . h y

h
. .

b ot rema rked, th is p eo ple h a s a righ t ful c la im on a ll who

the p ro g re ss th e ra c e, a n d th e re m o v a l o b ru t a l
ca re f or f
o f
ra w 3 Sla v e ry , d rin k , the ev il s o f ru b b er
g a t h e rin g , the
y h
. .

riva l r th e lea d ers , a nd the orribl e c ann ib al c u s t o ms

o f
c au se f e a R fu l so rro w, n or is i t a mere f o R m f
o s pe ec h to say

man y t ib r es mu st d ie ou t 4 Ma y we a ll t ry to t a k e a wa y
y
. .

the f e a Rf u l o k e is the p ra yeR of ,

Y ou Rs sin c ereLy, G RA C E FL ET C H ER .

C IRC LES AN D LO O PS PRE IXED TO F IN ITI AL

HO O K S .

8 6 Th e c irc le 3 is p fi x ed
re to st raight c o n so n an t s

h h h wh i h h
.

w ic a re oo k ed for l an d to c u r es v c a re oo k ed
h h
,

for l
'

o r r, by writ in g t h e c ircl e in s id e th e oo k ; t us,

Q N supp ly, 3 02 916,

617 3 exp lode,
F settle,

p edesta l, cu sickle, K .

2 p hysica l, K
V
cip her,

decip her, Q \
Q
'

_ p ea cef u l, summer,

Q) sinner, X , p risoner .

87 In c ases w h ere th e h oo k c an n o t be c l earl y h s o wn

hi h y
.

(w c a re c o mp a ra tivel f ew) , t h e sep arat e c o n son an t s

v—
sh o u ld b e .writ t en , as in
V f orcible ,
{
V u nsaddle .

88 Th e c irc les s a n d sw a nd t h e lo o p st a re p refi x e d t o

ht h h h
.

th e st raig c o n son an t s w ic a re oo k ed fo r r, b y w ritin g

c irc le o r l oop th e me side t h e h o ok, t h u s t u rn in g
'

t he on so as

t h e b o ok in t o a c irc le or l o o p, as N p ry, N sp ry,

0
\ sweep er, steep er, 1 °
tray , 1 ‘
“Tayo /
40 I nitia l C ircles a nd L oops .

dest roy, d istress, ea ter sweeter,

fl stouter ,

89 . W h en the c irc le an d h oo k o c c ur m ed ial l y a t a n a ngle ,

b ot h c irc l e an d b oo k m us t b e h own ; t h \p as try,

—
s u s,

—6 1
h
I
T
a bstruse, ] ext ra , l_
fi
gas tric, l ” WSW A ,
[M i

Th e me t h od of w rit in g skr an d sgr a ft er th e

c on s on an t s t an d d is s h o wn in t h e fo llo wing ex a m p les

[ 7 ta s ker, i degree, —
L x

Ex e r c is e 2 6 .

sa w

Ex e r c is e 2 7 .

S atc h el , sidle, p eac ea bl e, ex c l usiv e, sec lu d e,o t ric y c le.

F eas ible, n o t ic ea ble, v isib le, t ra c ea ble, pl au sible

h
.

S imm e r, c a s te n er, L ist en er, p as s o v er, l u c ifer, sc ra p.

S prea d , j ac k -
s c re w , s t ripe , S pru n g , s u ito r, st re t c h er.

St at e r, c id er, st a l k er ,
st a
ger, st abb e r, sc ru b , sc ru pu l ou s.

Ex et er, lust ro us, ro st ru m , ras c al, c ru sa d er, d e c rease .

 ’
I nitia l Circlcs a n a Loo s. p

Ex e r c is e 2 8 .

1 .
0
—5 d f
(
N
o
/ o
b
—p l
<
°

f 2 .
c l f
iQ °

r
-

C <
\ A

k , A
Ex e r c is e 2 9 .

My dea r Tom , —W e feaR the m you t ak e ma y

n ow
’

1 n ost ru

y h
.

p o ssibl c ause you to su ffe r a fres 2 . Th is is dis tress ful to

y
.

us a ll . 3 I f it d isag ree s, p ra s t op it, a nd ha ve n o sc ru l es,

p
y
.

OR it ma y d est ro you R p o weR s 4 We s t ro n gL y a d vise

y
. .

you to ca t n o more f the swe et er pastr

o . 5 Sac rifi c e you R
y
.

t ast e to you R se n se 6 ARt h u r sa s you a re st ou t er .

y y y
. .

7 . Do you c cle as f reel as on yo u R st a at Trin g ? 8 We

h hy y
.

op e to ca ll on you t his su mmer . 9 . I s the c id er t e suppl

servic ea ble f or you ? 10 If you mistru st it, you

. shou ld
42 Review .

su perse d e the st uff , which ma y o n Ly d isable you 11 This

h y
. .

is the sen sib l e p at to f o llo w Y o u Rs t rul ,

.

LU TH ER B Roox ER .

RE V IE W .

1 Give ex a mple s of w ord s c o n t a in in g a d ou ble c on so n ant

h
.

fo rme d by t h e c o m bin a t io n of l or r w it t h e p re
c e d in g c o n s on a n t

y h h
.

B w a t sig n is l o r r a dd e d t o st ra ig t c on so n an t s ?
H ow a re t h e d ou b le c o n sona n t s to be na med
B y wh a t sig n is I a d d e d t o c u rv e s, a n d by w h a t si n
g is r

a d d ed

W rit e t h e t wo fo rm s of fl vl, th l, t h l, an d fr vr , thr, t h r

h h
, , .

W en s o u ld th e rig h t c u rve s
fl vl, th l, t h l, b e u se d

h
,

W en s h ou l d the f r, vr, thr, t h r l ef t h an d -

c u r esv be
u se d , a n d w h en t h e rig ht h -
an d c u rves

8 Ho w is c irc le 3 pre fi x ed t o s t ra i h
g t c o n son a n t s oo k ed h
h
.

f or l an d to c u rv es o o k e d f o r l a n d r ; a n d h o w a re

8 , sw, a n d st p fi x ed
re to st ra ig h t c o n so na n t s h oo k ed
f or r

9 Ho w is c irc l e 3 and th e rh k oo represe n t e d med ial l y a t an

h i
.

a n gl e (a ) b et wee n a o r zo n t a l or u p w ard s t ro ke a nd

a p e rp en d ic u l ar ; (b) be tween a p erpen d icu lar a nd a

h orizo n t al i
 “ “
44 n
”
a nd f
”
H ooks . 97

as , p en ,
\ Qp fl u
’

, f un ; t h eref o e , r w h en a w o rd
en d s wit h n , or f f o r v, o l lo w e d by a v o wel, the s t ro ke c on

s o n an t must b e w rit t en a n d n ot the h oo k, as p enny,

X re fit . K L f u nn
,
y .

97 T h e f o rm s c/ sh l, J
‘
sh n , w h en w rit t en
pward , u

h
.

and f ln , w en w rit t en d o wn wa rd , mu st n ever st and

L
A O N E, b e c au se it mig h t b e su p p os e d t h at c/ J h ad
b een w rit t en d o w n w a rd , an d f u p w a rd . Th ese fo rms
a re d ist in c t w h en j o in e d to Ot h ers ; as ,

W va lua t ion f a llen .

Ex e r c is e 3 0 .

Ex e r c is e 3 1 .

Te n , Jo h n, bu n , o zo n e, Dan e , t h en , p lain, d ra in
J h h h
.

Dofi , eff , p av e , c ou
g , D ufi , o of , b ra ve , p ro o f .

W ean w ea v e, w in e , w o of, run , roo f , t u rn , t u rf

y Mi y
.
,

F e n , f en n Av o n , ue, min e ,
v en n n ie , nu n , n in n

h y h
,
,

B anis p len t O R ga n ic , m ec an ic p a vin g , c u fi , c o fi ee

y
, , ,

David , g un , a go n ,
ma rt ial, t raveL , c h iefLy, a n iLine .
 “
8
9 102
-
n
”
a nd f
”
H ooks .
45

C IRCLES AN D LO OPS ADDED TO F IN AL

HO O K S .

98 A c irc l e or l o op is ad ded to t h e h oo k it a t ta c h ed to
ht
.

a s t ra ig c o n so n a n t b y w rit in g t h e c irc le or lo o p on the

sa me side as th e h oo k ,
an d t h us t urn in g t h e b o ok in t o a

c irc le or l o o p, as
J Da n , J da nce, c l da nces,
4 3
J da nced ,

d Du nster ; p en , p ens, exp ense, 6 eap en ses

X .

p in ,
s
;
0
sp ins,
Q
5 p inster,
s Q
Q
sp i ns ters glen ,
% glens, 9 0
gla n ces, g e gla n ced .

99 . Th e c irc le re p resen t s 3 o n ly be t we en t w o c on so n an t s,

t h us \,h is n ot p ns -
m bu t p -
s- m, as in t h e w o rd M op os

su m . T h ere f ore, w h en ns o c c u rs y
me dia ll b o t h le t t ers mu st
be s h o wn , a s m
I
ra n som, densi ty .

100 Th e c irc l e s is a d d ed t o th e h oo k n a tt a c h ed to
h h ht
.

c u rv ed c o nson a n t s a n d t o the oo k f a tt a c ed to s t ra ig

h h
,

c o n so n a n t s by w ri t in g t h e c irc l e in sid e t h e oo k ; t u s,

W , f ine, W e fi nes, N A f rowns ; Ya p uf s,

1; drives,
? g ieves, V a wea ves
-A r
e .

1 0 1 In o rd er t o d is tin g u ish b et ween

. n z an d n s, et c . .

a f t er a cu rved in and Va nce (s) , t h e

c o n so n a n t , as va ns z ()
st ro ke n mu st b e u sed fo r a nse, en se, inse, o r a n ce, ence, ince,
th us , K 9 va n s b u t
b Va nce f a
’
men s z b u t m e mince (s)
()
Th i y h
.

s d ist in c t ion d o es n ot a ppl to l w en c o min g af ter

a nother conson a n t, a n d th e h oo k 1 8 u s ed I n suc h ou t lin es
’
for
”8 ; t h u s, W ba la nce .

102 Th e l a rg e c irc l e see an d t h e l oo p s st a n d str c a nn ot

h h
.

b e w rit t e n in sid e t h e sm al l n an d f oo ks t e re fo re , nsez

,

net, an d n eter , f o llo win g a urved

c c o n so n a n t , must b e
ex
presse d b y t h e st ro ke n wit h t h e l a rge c irc l e o r loop
h
a tt a c e d ; t u s , h f ences, K , f enced , N la nces,
N la nced, N Leinster .
46 “ “
n a nd f H ooks .

Ex e r c is e 3 2 .

R R
fr / ”
( x

l; s
'

t f
X s
-
a s
x
9

( L -
e N o am 4

Ex e r c is e 3 3 .

1 . Pin s, s poo n s, b o u n c e d , b ra in s , t un s, t ra in s, gra in s .

2 . J on e s, d un c e, d u n c e s, p ou n c e, p ou n c es, W in so m e
F o
.

3 en s, o fi en c e , l en s, l a n c e, n in es, n in n ies, d e ri ves , B ufi s

'

Vi l
. .

4 . Pru d en c e, o p u l e n c e, su mmon s, s c ien c e, lin es, o en c e .

5 M en b ra v e the p a lm of the sky in b alloon s, a nd o f the

hy h
.

w a v e s in skifi s, if t e m a y p erc an c e g a in e min en c e a s

sc ien t ist s. 6 The a Rc h iv es o
f m an soc ie t ies give iy
n

Vigil h
.

st a n c es o f a n c e a nd e n d uran c e in the p ursuit f

o t ru t
on the m ean est al low an c e .

REV I EW.

By Wh a t sig n is n a d d ed to a st raig ht c on son a n t a n d a

c u rve d c o n son an t respec t i el v y

By h W a t sign is f or v a dd e d to a st ra ig ht c on s on an t

Ho w is a c irc le or l o op ad d ed to n on a st ra ig ht c o n so

n ant ; an d h o w in t h e c ase o f c u rve d c o nso n a n t s

4 . How is t h e c ircl e 3 a d d ed to f or c in t h e c ase o f st raig ht

c on son a n t s

5. Writ e of ences, f eigns, f ence .

I a3 - 1 0 8 tion H ook .
47

C H A PT ER X .

-
TI O N Ho o x .

1 03 Th e t ermin a t io n -
tion, a lso v a rio usl y w itt i r en -s on,

h h E g li h
.

-e ia n , -
t ia n, -s ia n, et c w ic e nd s o v er n s

h th
,
.

w ord s, is ex
p ressed by a l arg e fi n al oo k l di i
u s, ) e
. t on,

K a shion , mission , —3 ca u tion, Persia n

) f 0 . Th e
Gl I C Ie s
’
is a d d ed t h u s, \9 na tion s, [9 a dditions .

1 04 W h en -
t ion h oo k f ollo ws a c u rv e d c on son a n t it is
h h
.

w rit t e n insid e t h e c u r e, v lik e t h e fi n al n oo k ; t u s,

K 9
f u sion , K n vision , L ) session , 43 motion ,
3
9 not ion .

1 05 . W h en
’
-
tion f oll o ws a si mple st raig t h c on so n an t , th e
b oo k is w n t t e n on th e s id e o
pposit e t o th e L A ST v ow el ;
t h us 3 p assion , op tion , 19 occa sion , 5 a u c tion
,

diction, b educa tion, V aberra tion,

[2 dura tion .

106 W h en - tion fo ll o w s a s t ra ig ht l et t er w ic h h beg I n s

h h
.

w it a oo k, c irc l e, or lo o p, or sp rin gs f ro m t h e c u rves

K f th e - tion h oo k is w rit t en on th e op
p o sit e
s id e , p reserve t h e st raig t n e ss
to h of t h e l e t t er ; t h us
,

(f
I
N) abrasion , rep leti n,
o
a ttrition , cita tion,

Grecia n , section , L ec tion, 9 loca tion

e ? ‘ ,
a fi { .

1 07 Af ter t, d, or j n ot b egin n in g w it h h a oo k , c irc l e,

h
.
,

or l o op , t h e tion -
oo k is w rit t en on t h e RI G H T side ir

respec t ive o i th e v o wel ; t h u s, dicta tion

Z
(
degrada t ion , ma gicia n .

1 08 . Th e -
tion h o o k is
I
used mediall y ,
as

tiona l,
g/ dictiona ry, } a uctioneer, ca u tiona ry,
48 J ion Hook .
fl

fi e m am , K / act iona ble, devotiona l,

a fi ectiona te, J na tiona l, op t iona l .

109 W h en -
tio n f o l lo w s t h e c irc l e 3 o r ns, it is ex p ressed

h
.

by c o nt in u in g th e c irc l e o n th e ot e r sid e o f th e c o n son a n t

so as t o f o rm a s m a ll h oo k; t h u s, Se c o n d p la c e d o t
-

v o w e ls b et w e e n t h e c irc l e a nd -
t ion a re w rit t e n O U T S I D E
the h oo k; h
t ird p la c e
-
v o w el s a re writt en I N S I DE the h oo k
t h u s, X p ossession , X, p osit ion , r m mu sic ia n ,
. — e accession ,

u sensa tion, u p; i ncision, l) a u thor za t ion,i disp en

sa tion ,
1 tra nsi tion Fi rs t -
p la c e v o w el s do n ot o ccur be
y
.

t w e en s an d t h e s l la b l e -
tion .

1 10 . Th e c irc l e 8 m ay b e a d d ed to t hi h
s oo k ; t h u s,

h
e, p ositions, ii, su
pp ositions, f e
ar musicia ns and th e

h oo k m ay be u se d med iall ; t y h us p ositiona l, V tra n

111 W h en t wo d ist in c t v ow el sig n s oc c u r imm e d iat el y

h
.

b efo re tion , w rit e

-
sh a n d th e oo k n in o rd er to ac c om mo

d at e t h e v o we l S ig n s ; t h us va lua t ion,
u

Ex e r c is e 3 4 .

’
M 178 9 ) —ib /

A .

f r a
g )
 H ook 49
'

-
tzon .

Ex e r c is e 3 4 (con tin u ed) .

Ex e r c is e 3 5 .

O va tion , o m ission , ill u sion lot ion s, on a t io n s, session s

hi
.

Po t ion , c us on , a
ppa rit ion , eL oc u tion .

Ex p ression , fi c t io n , n a vig a t ion ; Pru ssia n s, ac c re t ion s.

T ac t ic ia n , a d apt at io n , c o git a t io n ; n ot io n s , imit a t ion s .

C re m a tion , salva t ion , remissio n d on a t ion s, c o llision s.

Ex c ept ion aL , o c c asio n al , missio n ar y .

C essa t io n , p rec is ion , v ex a t ion ; a n n ex a t io n s , p ulsat ion s .

Acc e ssion aL, rec essio n aL ; su p era nn u at ion U

(shn p) .
4
50 H ook
'

o
tzon .

Ex e r c i s e 3 5 (con tinu ed ) .

9. His e lat io n at
of the p ro blem wa s illus or ,
the sol u t ion y
a nd a s soo n a s h e s a w it was a mere d el u sio n , h is
g rie f wa s
k een , a nd his re la t io n s b eg a n to f e a R men t a l d ej ec t ion .

10 He shou ld ha c e t a k en more ca re in h is ex
pl o ra t io n s , n or

h
.

shou ld he ha ve given ee d to ex a g g era t io n s which a b rie f

h
e x a m in a tio n s o w e d to h a ve n o so l id b a sis 11 Th e p ro p o
h
. .

sit io n s he p u t fo rt w ere s h o w n to be pu re a ss ert io n s , a nd

illu st ra tio n s o nL y of h is a spira t io n s, f or h is rela x a t ion o

f a ll
h
t est s b rou g t its o w n ret ribu t io n 1 2 Th ere is n o div ision . .

in th eir vie ws on this thin g, pe ra t io n to wh ich it

a nd the ex a s

ma y give rise is in c re a se d b y the d isru p tion it c a used .

RE V I EW .

Ho w is t h e t erm in at ion tion ex presse d ? -

Ho w is t h e tion b o ok w ritt e n a fter a c urv e

-

h
Ho w is t h e tion oo k written a ft e r a st ra ig t c o n son an t ?
-
h
h
Ho w a ft er a st ra ig t let t er beg in n in g w it h a oo k , c irc le, h
o r lo o p, o r sprin g in g fro m f , a , o r u p wa rd I ?

Ho w is t h e tion b o o k w rit t e n a ft e r t, d , o rj ?
-

G ive e x a mpl e s o f t h e tion o o k use d m e diall

- h y .

-
h
H o w is tion ex presse d w e n f ol lo w in g t h e c irc le 3 o r us ?

Ho wf th i h
ar c a n kb li s oo e voca ze d

Ho w i ti
s w itt
- wh
on tw r en en o v o wel sig n s o c c u r im '

m d i t ly b f
e a eit 6 W it e ore
‘
r e a ccentu a t/ ion.
 1 16
52 Additiona l D ou ble Consona nts .

te rniin a t ion, or w h en a v o wel f o llo w s ; t h us

m f a ilure ; 4 ra iler, ra illery

w f u ror
0

K usu rer, W orrery .

1 16 Th e d o ub le c o nso na n t A w it h a s mall in it ial h o o k

h
.

mbr ; mp
'

b ec ome s mp r t
“

or u s, M sca , 9A
N
m cla mber, K limber .

Ex e r c i s e 3 6 .

fl 5 6

rk
-
c / ’

a w “
Q o \ x

Ex e r c is e 3 7
Q k q q
.

1 . uac ,
ua q u iv e r
ker ,
lin gu ist , l a n g uo R
u inc e, .

2 . W l h w
e s , e lf a R e , w o o l, W illie w h ilst , w h a le b o n e .

3 C a v ille r, ru l e r, s c h o la r a d o re r, as s u re r, sn e e rer
J h
. .

4 Da mp , p o m p, umbo , Sa mb o w h ey, an y w h e re , w ip p e r
. .

5 W h ile on h is v o ya ge of d is c o v ery , th e s a ilo n s of C o L u mb us

y
.

beg a n to vuh im per a nd w h in e, a n d h e wa s l e d to e mpl o

w h im sic al ex c u ses 6 Dis t ress a n d a ll so rer fe e L in g s
y h
. .

a sse d a w a , a n d t here wa s n o d esiB e to S o w a n g er as so o n

p
a s h e k n e w d a y mu s t be t he re v ea ler o f th e u n k n o w n s h on e .

RE V I EW .

1 . W rit e th e fo r t h e d o ub l e c o n so n a n t s lr, gw, mp ,

s ig n s

wl, kw, rr, wh , whl

h
.

2 . In w h ic t w o d o u ble c o n son an t s is t h e in it ia l b o o k rea d

fi rs t i
3 . W rit e t wo w o rd s ill ust rat in g t h e v o c a l izat io n o f some of
t h e ot h er c o n s on a n t s
h h
.

4 . W a t d o es A w en h oo k ed re
present ?
x1 7- 1 2 1 Th e Asp ira te .
53 '

C H A PT ER x n .

TH E A S P I R A T E
‘

1 17 Th e a sp irat e is re
p resen t e d , in a dd it io n t o t h e d o wn
h
.

w ard 7 a nd u p w a rd by a d o wn w ard t ic k , t u s, (a .

c o n t ra c tio n o f t h e lo w er h alf o f th e S ign 7

,
an d by a d ot .

1 18 Th e d o wn w a rd st ro ke 7 is u sed w h en h s t an d s

h "
.

L
A O N E, or is f o llo we d by t u s, 7 h igh
h
,

2 Hu gh ; Z; ha wk, t hog ; a lso w en it giv es a b et t er

ou t lin e t h an th e u p wa rd s tro k e, as ha wser .

1 19 . Th e u
pward ke
st ro o
/ is g enerall u sed w y h en h is
f oll ow e d b y a d own st ro k e, a st ra ig h t u pst ro k e , t h e c u rve s

n an d n g, o r by a h oo k, c irc le, or l oop ; t h us, imp ,

h obby , (l ,
h a ugh ty , ( I kid ,
0
7 ha tch, 0
7 hedge,

( X h ufi y, hea th, ( C hea then , )

6 hu sh, K ha rrow,
'
<
O
.

o
/ s hero, h u rry, honey , h u ng, 04 hewn ,
hos e, hows, r h ackle
o f .

1 20 Wh en f o llo win g an o t h er c on so n an t , the st ro ke h

h
.

must b e so j o in ed t h at th e c irc l e o f th e c arac t er c a n n o t

T
A Z
2
'
be rea d a s th e c irc l e 8 cohere, moha ir,
‘

; a s,

v beha ve, A L
/
g
ou th ou se, u n holy.

1 21 . Th e d o wn wa rd t ic k h is u s ed init iall y ,
an d is al w a y s

re a d fi rst I t is p refi x ed t o t h e st ro k e c on so n an t s
h h
.

f ( t h e f a c t t a t t es e are t h e four c o nson an t s in t h e

w ord SM A LL ER f orm s a u sef u l m n em o n ic ) or to an y o f th e
h h it will yj h
.

d o ubl e c o n so n a n t s t o w ic easil oin t

5
u s, hiss,
hazy, I
'
ha m, A hem, A hemp , ha ll, v" h olly,

hea r, hea rer, Hebrew,

i
v
hydra , hedger,

f) h ither .
54 Th e A sp ira te .
122

1 22 . h h
Th e d ot h is p lac ed bef o re t h e v o w el w ic is t o b e
a spira t ed It is u sed a s a n a lt ern a t iv e t o th e st ro k e h ,
y h
.

u suall in ord er t o avoid a n a wk wa rd o r lon g o u t lin e t u s

‘
N p happ iness, happ ening, 1 h a ndy,
A

p erhap s, ]
r ma nhood,[Y loop hole .

Ex e r c i s e 3 8 .

‘
l f
’ A
/
c a t

T
( IA q
-
.
 Th e Aspira te .
55

Ex e rc i s e a s (con tinu ed) .

\
l

5 . 7 f
ox
'
e/

H f CN
V

“
I 5
V

i ,
”
6 .

K A

c
/ | O
\
f k

Ex e r c is e 3 9 .

h k H wk i h ggi h k y h k t
Hic k s oc a n s, a s, ac ne uc s er.

h p h d hi h h y h p h dy h d d k
, , ,

oo o tc o ar ea ea a oc

h h i h d h ggl h mm h i y h d y
, , , , , , .

o n e, ve , o u se a e, a er, a r ar

U h k S h h i bh hi g h it h
, , .

n oo a a ra , co es o n a o r, un n e, un c

hym h illy h h h mp h y
, .

n, h o rn , orron , a ze , u a st

G i g h m h ppily p h ill h h ld h d y R d h ill

, , .

n a a u ou se o an e

h i l wh i h i h i h m h y h h i gfi h yi
, , , , , .

I n t e s e c s s o e, e sa s t e err n s er s

amg h on p ti f h h
t t h m ly p
e occu pl d i
a on s o t e on es o e eo e, a n s

l hy h i b h f h h
,

f f m
ar hro un ea s y hi t
t on t e r e oo e a st en s to a t s o

H g u 8 Th
o i h t l th b y m y t y t ere s no o e ere, ut ou a s a a a

h I h f m H l y th m f h w i
. .

coff ee- o u se ea r ro ux e e na e o t e o n er s

H gg o9 I h ll b h pp y t h y h h ds a pl i g e a o ea r ou a ve a a e as n

h lid y th
. .

o a ere .

R V W E IE .

1 . Give t h e fo ur sig n s u s ed to rep resen t th e as

pirat e
h y
.

2 Ex plain w en th e st ro ke f orm s of h a re e m l o ed
p .

W h at h h
.

3 . ru le mu st b e ob s erv e d w en h f o ll o w s an ot er

co n so n a n t

4 S . h ow w h en t h e tw o
°

ot h er form s of h a re u se d .
56 U
pw ar d a nd D ownw a rd 1
"
a nd r.
”
12 34 25

C H A PT ER X l l l .

U PWARD AN D DO WN W ARD L AND R .

1 23 Th e f ol l o w in g ru l es g o v e rn t h e w rit in g o f t h e
h
.

c o n so n an t l in eit er th e u p w ard o r t h e d o w n w a rd d irc o

t io n , and th e u se o f th e u p w a rd o r d o w n w a rd fo rms of r :

1 24 . IN I T I AL L is g e nera l l y w rit t e n u p w a rd , t h u s,

a lou d, K AI a lo u d { k lif e A
, ,
a live . I n t h e follo win g
c as es it is w rit t en down wa rd :

(a ) W h en I is p rec ed ed b y a v o w el a n d is f o l lo we d b y a

h o rizo n t a l l e t t er n ot h oo ked in it ia ll y as , C elk, fl el m,

C Ellen , a ,
al mon er .

(b) W h en l p reQe d es 0 x
. a n d O. / as ,
6 il lusice,

C lesson , 6 Lessing .

1 25 . F IN A L L is g en eral l y w itt r e n u p w a rd , t h u s, V Pa u l, -

V Polly, V ta le V I ta ly , . I n t h e f o llo win g c a ses it is

w ritt en d o wn w a rd

( ) a Af t er t h e l e t t e rs k CL L . an d a n y st ra i
g ht
U p st ro k e ,
if no v o w el f o llo w s th e l; t h u s, f u ll ,

Q
>
C C°
vile,
<
7 3 ca le, f qua il, 7 3eq u el , 7 ra il, 4 yell,

91 Howell . B u t if a v o w el f o llo w s , l 18 w rit t en u

p w ard , as

f u lly V ,
e illa , Qf sca ly, c f A qu ila ra lly,

f yello w .

(b) Aft er a s t ra ig ht d o w n st ro k e if t wo v owe l- sig ns

A A
v
c ome b e t w een ; as, “ duel ,
12 6 42 7 U
pw a r d a nd D ownwa rd 1
”
'

a nd
“
r .
" 57

(c) Af t er a c u rv e an d c irc l e, fi n a l l follo w s t h e sa me

d irec t ion as th e c irc l e , t h u s,
> p
f ossil ,
> c vessel,
{
i s thistle,

K ingsley,
_
k
”
7 n asa l,
f Cecil, muscle
‘
.

(d ) Aft er th e c o n son a n t s n an d n g, l is
(
al so a lwa y s

writ t en down wa rd ; a s,
7 kn eel, Y on ly, 1,
7
(e) Th e d ou b le c on so n an t lr is u se d fo r t h e sou n d o f ler
w h ere a fi n al d o w n ward l wou ld b e w rit t en as,
A
f owler,
”
7 kneeler, f roller
/ r

Ex e r c is e 4 0 .

l au g h ol iv e, l ea d (verb) , a llo we d , l eac h a ll eg e, l o th

y y
.
, ,

limb , l o n g l o . lu n c h , lu g g er, leg a l, lou dl , loc a t ion

a l, .

Al a c k , Alm a , a lloc a t ion , al c ov e, a l m a n ac , Elgin , a lk a li

h emy
.

Al u m , Alla n , O lg a , alc ,
a lig n , a l on
g, alc ad e .

La wson , l a c ing , l ozen g e, listen er, l o o sen ess, lic en se

y y h y
.

Pill , p ill o w ; b ell, b elo w ; d ell , d el a ; g ale , g a lle ; c ill

F
.

ell , fi ll, v a le, v o w el , s k ill, q u ill, ro ll , rill , fi le , a va il

F ll y y y q u illy
.

e o w, fi ll v al u e ; v o l l e s k ill Rollo, rel a y.

Y Y
,

wl
, , , ,

a w l, al e, Pow ell, d ia l, b o wel , do e t ro wel

F y y
.
“ ,

a c il e, v a ssal , sauc il
,
missal , N ile, ~
B in gl e ,
fi ler .

1 26 I N ITI AI R
. 18 w rit t en u pw ard ; t h u s, ra y, 4 roe
°
A rob, ra g, rim, r if e, ra in ,
4
2 ra t ion , ra il . B ut w h en r is p rec e d e d by a v o w el it
is w rit t e n down wa rd ; t h u s, a ir, X oa r,

a rgue , M ar m,
K a rrive, a rra ign
, X a rose,

Q
A
V

ora tion , Y ea rly,

L a rena .

1 27 W h en
prec ed e s t, d, ch , j, th , kl, gl, w, it 1 3 Wri tt en
r

h h h
.

b
u p wa rd , w et er a v o wel p rec e d es o r n o t ; t u s, / _ irrita

4 4 4 AK
‘
ar id ity , d rch, origina l, ‘ orthograp hy,
/

w — oracle, a rga l, M orna men ta l, I rwin .

58 U
pw a rd a n d D ow nwa r d I a nd r .
'
32 8 - 1 30

12 8 F IN A L R in s h o rt w ord s , is w rit ten d o w n w a rd w h en

h
.
,

it en d s a wo rd , an d u p wa rd w en it 1s follo w e d b y a v o we l

t h u s, p a i r, R ta re, Terry ,
A jeer ,

Pj u ry ; fl ca rry , sha re, sherry ;

“
fl N ore, N ora h ; m leer, g
/ La u ra °
7\ sore
,

su rrey ; store, a
»: sto ry ;
O
N swea r, b/ soirée;

fl ste m, siren .

1 29 W h en r is p rec e d e d b y t wo desc en din g s t ro k es, it

y
.

is g en erall writ t en u p w a rd so as t o preserv e t h e line

y f t h w it i g ; t h
a lit o e r n u s, p rep a re, deba r,
W it p w
A/ S h kp
r
a s e e. r e u ar d r, irrespec t iv e o f v o w els ,

rath th er wk w d an an a ar o u t lin e
’
t h us, /
\
Wb / o
flicer ,

/ \/ Di J wrev ser, a ns er, wore, yore,

wh Wh f ll w
ere . en r o o s a n ot h er s t ro ke an d is h oo k ed
fi lly it i g
na lly w it t
,
s en e ra r en u
p w ard ; t h us , v born,

( J morn, p ortion .

130 Th e d ouble c o n son a n t rr is u sed fo r t h e so u n d of

h h
.

rer w ere a fin al d o wn ward r w ould b e writt en ; t u s,

I; odo m ,
\ borer .

Ex e r c is e 4 1 .

ra w, m an
’

rou g h reig n , ric e , ra m, rill, ro y al.

h y h
,

ru m, ro o m , re view , wreat ra c rus

h
, , .

Ea r, u rb a n , a rrac k , Arra n, Arg yll, o rp an .

Aris e, a rk, irk, a rm, o rg a n , u rn , Arm ada , Art h u r.

Errat a , a rra y ed, Arc ie, h o rg ie , Erit h e art hy a u ric le.

y y
, '
,

B oar b orro w ; t o re, t o r ; jar J a rro w ; c u r, c u rr

h h y y; N w y
,

M
.
,

S o w e r, s o w er ; mo or, urra n ew er, e r

h; y; hy ; t y
.

Se ar Sara st a r, st arr s wo re , swa rt s ee r, St e rr .

As pi re , t ra n spire, d ep l ore, d abbl er, b a bbl er, b u gbe ar .

Visc era , razor, sinc ere, S pen c er ; roar, w ire , e wer

h
.

Ta rn , b arn c o rn , a dorn , c u rn , f ern, lea rn, turn:

Durat ion, 1 mmersion , en u me ra tion, j eerer.
50 U
pw a rd a nd D ownw a r d I a nd r.
”

Ex e r c is e 4 3 .

1 . We ma y fairly s ay the no v el is the popular sh ape in which

m a n ner e rud it io n is no w given to the re a d er 2 The
a ll f
o . .

d isc o v eries f
o the m a n o f s c ie nce , the resea rc h es of the
s c h olar, t h e lore f
o the p ast , a ll a re w id e l yk n o wn t h rou
g h
ro man c es . 3 . I n these the a c t io n s o f imag in a r yp e o p le give
o c c as io n f or n arra t io n s f
o d isc o v e ries re la t iv e to men a nd

th ings 4 y
B mea n s of solid t reat ise, by o ral less o n s, 01

yp y
. .

b y the e x erc ise of elo cu t io n ar o wers su c h _ th ings ca n rarel

be b ro ug h t to the t y ro, o r to a ny but those whose d u t y it is to

lea rn them .

REv I Ew .

Ho w is in it ial l usu a ll yw it r t en

G iv e an illust ra t io n o f h f th
ea c o e c la sses o f ou t lin es in
w h ic hi t is w rit t en d iff lyeren t

ywi
.

Ho w is fi nal l u suall r t t en
G iv e an illu st ra t io n o f ea c h of th e c l a sses o f ou tlin es in
h hi
w ic t is w rit t en d iff e ren t l y
h y y
.

W ic h fo rm o f r is e mplo e d in it iall
h h h
W ic f o rm w e n a vo w el prec ed es}
Writ e eru dition orgie Erelé s

h h
, ,
.

Ho w is fi n a l w rit t e n (a ) w en en din g a w ord ; (6) w

‘

r en

follo we d b y a v o w el ?
9 . Ho w is r writt en w en t wo d esc en din g h st ro k es c ome

b efore
10 . Writ e visor, bou ncer, roa r, bu rn, derision , bea rer .
1 3 Th e H a l ving P rinc iple .
61

C H A PT ER X]V .

THE HAL IN G PRIN CIPLE V .

13 1 h
Lig t c o n so n a n t s a re ma d e h a lf t h eir u su a l lengt h
h
.

to in dic at e t h e a ddit io n o f t ; t u s,

K a y, K a te, 0 ska te ; p a y, p a te,

.

Qp l a te, N p ra te, \A p ou t bowl, bolt, bolts,

bulle t, 4 \ mo w, , e
i

13 2 He a v y c o n s on a n t s a re mad e h a lf t h eir u su al len gt h

h
.

t o in dic a t e t h e a dd it io n of d; t u s, ebb, ebbed ;

bow. M bowed : -
v our, 7 gu ide, m gu ided ;
C
. glide,
Grids ; a ,
gra y, c , gra de, C 9 gra des; / \li O
ve, A lived ,
A livid ; ea se, ea sed .

13 3 It w ill b e n o t ic ed f ro m t h e foreg o in g ex a mp l es t h at

h h h
.

a v o wel c o min g b e fore a a lf- l e ng t c a ra c t e r is rea d fi rst

h
,

the sa me b ef o re f u ll le n g t
as a -
c on sonan t ; as, o
ft
h h
,

ac t A v o we l c o min g a ft er a al f - l en g t c o n so n an t is
y h
.

rea d N EX T to t h e p rim a r le tt er ; t us
, IV tie, IV tigh t,
n ote .

1 34 W h en a c o n so n a n t is h oo k ed fi na lly it m ay be
h R h
.
,

a lve d to e x p re ss th e a d dit ion o f E I T HE t on d ; t u s,

x p a in t or p a in ed ; p la nt o r p la nn ed ; J tin t ,
or t inned ,

J ten ts or ten ds ; ven t o r ven d ; 1p mou n ts or mou n ds ;

ren t o r rend p ufi ed, w p a ved
'

x) ; .

13 5 I n w o rd s of more tha n one sylla ble, w it h c e rt ain e x

h
.

c ep t io n s , a l et t er m a y b e al v ed to ex press the a d d it io n o f

EI T H ER t o n d ; t u s, M h between, Y
/ a Bed win rab

bit, ra bid ;
r
] ,
cred it,
7
7} crowded ; r
—fl co lla ret ,

co lore d; J ? d isapp oin t, desp ond y ba c h c

wa rd, K / f orwa rd ( V wd c on t rac t io n fo r wa rd-

D dock
d yd c on t ra c t ion fo r y a rd sea ted , su ited,
9
y ar ), 1
, , j?
41 sta ted .
62 Th e H a l ving P rinc iple .
I 3 6- 1 3 9

136 Th e f ou r c o n so nan t s A V f in a d dit ion to

h lv h
.

b ein g a ed to e x p ress th e a d d it io n o f t, a re a lso a lv e d

an d thi k c en e d to re p rese n t th e a d d it ion of d; t u s, h

mate, ma de , A a imed , fix mode, L temp t, L timid .
,

L . deemed , V , v ,
need , sen t, 07 send , f elt,
S f elled , hea rt, 5 ha rd , moored
”
3
h y
.
,

13 7 T h e f o rms f ld a nd rd a re , o we ver, u se d on l

h h y h h
.

w en t es e c o n so n a n t s im me d ia t el s u c c eed e ac ot e r, as

p a led , p a ired ,
4
? ma iled , m ma rred Wh en
h
.

a v o w e l c o me s b e t w e en l d , -
o r r- d, t e se c o n so n an t s mu st

b e writ t en in f ull ; t h u s, p a llid , pa ra de ,K ] mel

A

lowed , A / ] ma rried .

1 38 Lt is w rit t e n u p w a rd s ; as V bel t, ex c e pt a ft e r

h
.

h ,
ng , w, kw, w en it is w rit t en d o w n w a rd as w knelt,
N J d welt, (
ringlet,
/ f
7 guil t .

139 Th e c o n so n a n t s A mp , v n g, c a n not be h a l ved to

h hy
.

ex press th e a dd it io n of e it er t or d, u n less t e a re

h oo k ed , in it ia ll y or fi n a ll y; h t u s, /
7 imp u gn , q
‘

im
A
imp end , ( sl u mbered , ra mp a rt, a ,
pu gned, as a nger,
'

a ngered or a nchored T h e d ou b le co n so na n t s f .
lr,
h
.

rr , c a nn o t be a lv e d for t h e a d ditio n o f t or d u n de r

an y c irc u mst a n c es I n p a r 1 36 it will b e see n t a t t h e h

h yh h
. .

'

a lf l e ngt sig n s A are a llo t t e d t o md, nd,

“

ea v -
v r

ld , a n d rd .

Ex e r c i s e 44 .

h
Pet , p it , Ta te , t aug t , kit , a f t , east , s o t , o mit, po t h
h
.

W it , a wa it , l ig h t , a lig h t , ye t , p l o t , c ra t e, t rea t , p lig t

y
.

B e d, a id ed , e d g e d, j a d e, g o a d , egg e d , m ea d , an n o e d .

O ld , e rred , bl a d e , b re a d , g l a d e , b roa d , d rea d g ree d .

b i ky
,

Po u n d ; fi n ed , a c c id e n t , u n b en t , in wa rd , r c a rd .

M h
m u d , n ig t , N e d , a d mit , d o om e d , fi lle t , f a ile d
ea t ,

h h
.

B ailed , ba lla d ; s o w e red , C a ra d e ; ta rred , t irad e .

Pe lt , p ol ite , k ilt , m elt , o mele t , in l et , ru nl et , q u illet

h
.

Impou n d , d a mp en ed , ling ere d , u n g ered, d ru n k ard .

 14 6 1 47
-
Th e H a lving P rinciple .
63

140 Th e u p wa rd h mu st b e w rit t en in wo rd s t h a t c o n t a in

h h
.

h a lv e d, w it h or wit ou t fi n al c irc l e o r bo o k as, of h a t,

Q ha ts,
9
0
4
hea t, o? hu n t, ,,
o , h in ts, o? haf t , o
? » h ea ved .

14 1 Aft er t h e tion -
h oo k, th e s t ro ke st may b e w rit t en
h h
.

up wd ar w en it c annot be w rit t e n d o w n ward t u s,

5 excu rsionist, .
K N} libera tion ist , N sa lva tion ist .

1 42 Th e h a lf - l en g t h r s h o u ld n ev er b e w rit t en
h y[
.

a l o ne , n or w it 8 onl ] ad d ed W rite / I [n o t 4 ] ra te
2 .
,

[not
] w ri te4 / VL[n o t 47] writes It s ou ld g e n er h
y y h
, .

all b e u sed fi n a ll for rt, a n d f or rd w en it is n ot c on

”
v en ien t t o w rit e t h u s, Lda rt f ort, la rd
‘
‘

, f
h h
.

14 3 N o alf- leng t st ro k es, or t wo st ro k es of une q u al

h h
.

l engt mu st n ot be j oin ed t og e t er UNL E SS TH E Y M AK E AN

h j
,

AN G E ; t L u s, ch t m u st n ot be oin e d to okt f or chit

c ha t ; n or p r to p t in p ropp ed ; _ k to kt in
ta ctics, n or A m to v n t f or min u te D et a c . h th e sig n s, or

w rit e th e l et t ers in f u ll t h us, or ch it- cha t,

p ropp ed , ta c tics, minu te . In

K f ord,
w e“ n a med , et c .
,
the j un c t io n b ein g evid en t , is a ll o we d .

1 44 Half sized t -
or d imm e d ia t el yf ollo w in g t h e c o n so
y d ; th
.

v
n an t s t or d is a l wa s disj o in e u s, I tid ed, I da ted
_ ,

1, trea ted Il, dreaded , , ( F

,
hesita ted .

145 Verb s writ t en wit h th e h a lf l en og t h p rin c ipl e f orm

h h
.

eir d f cha t, ch a tted

t p ast t e nse t us, k f a te, f a te ;
iv nod , M n odded ; p art, \/l p a rted .

14 6 Ve rb s w rit t en b y a h alf len gt h l et t er

-
en d ing w it h
h h h
.

a o ok fo rm t eir p a st t en se t us, p rin t, p rin ted,

S p la nt, (t o p reserve th e st raig ht n ess of t h e st rok e)
p la n ted , J? stint, stin ted , Q a cqu a int , Q4 a cq ua in ted ,

gra n ted , ra n t, ra n ted

‘5
gra n t, N .

147 . W h en a w o rd en d s wit h t ord follo w e d by a v o w el,

t h e l et t er mu st b e w rit t en in f u ll , a n d n ot in dic at ed by t h e
64 The H a lving Pr incipl e .
1 48

h alvin g p rin c i
pl e ; t h us, _ f .
’
gu ilt, gu ilty ; Ldirt ,

dirty ; A left, lof ty; ( r f a u lt, m f a u lty

1 48 Th e c irc le 3 , a s a lre a d y ex p la in e d (p a r is a l wa y s

h h
. .

re a d la s t w en it is w rit t e n at the en d of a w o rd t u s,

X pun u n t, \
5 p u n ts ; f
’
join cl
"j i o n t,
"
J join ts
, p ,

“f A rown ,
‘
h
’
f ron t,
t ”
s f ron ts .

Ex e r c is e 4 5 .

h at e, h igh t
e h it , hi hit s, n d, h ufi ed, h ou n ds, h un t s .

F hi
,

as o n is t , el oc u t io n is t ; e v o l u t io n is t , rev o l u t io n ist .

Wro te ,
wr
it , rit e , rou t , p ort, t a rt , lu re d , lee re d .

Pit a a t, brib e d , tic k t a c k , ema n a t e , n u mb ed , f ea re d

p
- - -
.

At t it u d e , au d it ed , N e g et a t e d , d ou b t ed , o b t ru d e d .

Fitt p o t t e d , o t t e d , n et t e d ,
ed , j ro o t e d ,p o llu t e d , p ira t e d .

B ra n d ed , g rou n d ed , s t u n t ed , ro u n d ed , u n a c q u a in t e d .

F ort, fo rt y ; m lt a ma l t y; n ea t , n a tt y lo v e d , l o v e d a y -
.

h h
,

fi n, t in t , t int s ; p in e, p int ,
pint s s u nt, s u n t s.

Ex e rc is e 4 6 .

cou ld, c
.

r told , q towar d, withou t .

”
N ‘ l fl Y/ ek ls x

x e i / w

\ \
v 1 | A
,
 66 Th e H a l ving P rzncz
'

,
pee .

Ex e r c is e 4 7 .

1 . h
O n e k in d of t r ft is tha t of n ot spen d in g m on e on
i

y
t ha t which is n ot n ee d ed by this mea n s a n a mo un t is k ep t
y
re a d f or a ny n ee d s tha t a ris e 2 The t rif t m a n d iff e rs h y
h
. .

m h e m ise r, f or t h e o n e u sb a n d s h is re sou rc es so tha t h e

f ro t
m y p d i th b t m h d h
a s en w h il
n h h i
e es et o e ca n , e t e ot er s a

w t h d f l l w wh
re c v t
e d b d
e i h o th h o co e s an o ar s r c es , so at e

m y gl t v
a hi w l th
oa 3 M y g i d by h
o er s ea . . on e a ne o n es t

m d v d wi h t i t i g h wh m y d p d
ea n s , a n sa e t ou st n n t ose o a e en on

th e igg d ly f i g t gi th wh i h
earn er, o r n l im dar re u s n o ve a t c is c a e

by i t y i w lt h
so c e d d dd d t s ea ea rn e an a e o one s
’
resou rc e s

4 B h th p g
.
,

ot i i t d th p t t i i t t an o n st
'

. e ro re ss o n s e ro e c a sse n o

th is . 5 . We sha ll not be so im p e rt in en t as to a ssert th a t c er

t a in v ie ws on c u rre n t prev e n t a n y m a n who ha s

e v en t s

st u d ied the fo rt u n e s o f his fel lo w m en f rom feelin g s m pa y

t h et ic all y di p s o se d towa rd th eir eflfo rt s to ma k e g o o d u se o f
f un d s o b t a in e d by s k illed l ab o r 6 B u t with ou t a sec u re

h h
. .

St a t e man mig t be ro bb e d of his g o o d s, a nd to ha ve s u c

a

a St a t e a ll mu st p a y their p a rt 7 I t wa s in the re ig n of the . .

rst Ed w a rd tha t t ax es or a fi x ed a mo u n t were rst l ev ied

fi f fi
in Englan d .

RE V I EW .

1 W h at d e s c rip t ion of c o n son a n ts are h alv e d f or t on ly,

h yi
.

a n d w a t fo r d o nl

2 . Ho w is a v o w el rea d b efore a h a lf- size d c o n so n a n t

H o w a ft e r i
3 W h at may a c on so n a n t h oo k ed fi n all y wo rd s
an d of
h y ll b l h
.
,

mo re t b e a lv e d t o
an o n e s a e, e x ress 2
p
Ho w is t h e a d d it io n o f t a n d d t o m, n , l, r, re presen te d
h h
W en a re t h e a lve d f o rms ld a n d rd n o t e mp lo ed y
y
H o w is It u su a ll w rit t en , a n d w a t a re t h e ex c e p t ion s h
h
W a t a re t h e limit a t io n s t o t h e alv in cg o f mp a n d ng h
h
Wh en s o u ld t h e a lf len g t u pw ard rt n ot b e u sed , h h
h
-

a n d w en i s it u su a l ly e mplo ye d
9 U n d er w h a t c irc u mst a n c e s mu st a full s ize a n d a alf
. h
size c on so n a n t n o t b e j o in e d
Ill ustrat e t h e ru le by writ in g cooked, midn igh t, f ac t .
68 The p ou ch -
Length P rinciple .
1 4 9- 1 3:

C H A PT ER X V .

T HE DO UB LE LEN GTH PRIN C IPLE -

.

14 9 C u rv ed c o n so n a n t s are ma d e t w ic e t h e ir u su al

h
.

i n d ic a t e t h e a d d it io n of tr, dr,
‘

lengt h to or th r t us

Qf low, d
fl ter,
o ( K la ugh,
K
f a ther, K ,
vend or,
6 t hu nder,

) J m
4
oyster, sha tter, m mother; smoot her,

w cen tre or send er, fl lighter, (

7
sl ighter,

boa rder .

1 50 . When dr o r th r fol lo w an in it ial 1 t hy e a re e x ress e

p d
by 1 3 an d not b y d o ubl in g t h e I; th us, fl older
,

f] leader f ) lea ther Aft erf sh m also dr is e xpressed

.

f , .
, , ,

by 1 a n d n o t by d ou bl g ; th u s
in ( f odder
} sh udder
1 4 , , ,

151 St ra igh t
‘

c o n son a n t s h oo k ed fi n a ll y or w ic h hf ollo w

m h ht
. ,

a n oth er stroke, a re a de t wic e t e ir u su a l le n g t o ind ic a t e

th e a ddit io n o f tr or dr ; t h u s , p a in, p a in wr, ,Iten ,

I tender, wren, ren er, d /

s e won, wond er,

1 52 . Th e c h a ra c t e r A mp is do uble d t o e x press mp r o r
mbr ; t h u s, i/ \ temp er, H cha mber Th e c a ra c ter 71g . h
h 2
o

is d ouble d t o ex res s nglcr o r nggr ; t u s, shrinker,

p
 1 53 - 1 5 6 Th e D ou hle L eng th P r in ciple
-
.
69

153 h kd
Th e oo e c o n s n an t s e x
o
-
mp r, mbr , v n glcr, nggr,

lly m y
.

a re g e n e ra o re con v en ien t fo r v erbs b e c a u se t h e c an

d ily h lv d f h
,

be rea a e or t h e p ast t ense ; t us, Q - A '

sca mp er
,

sca mp ered, m cu mber, —c \

l
cu mbered, — V ca n ker
,
v O
ca n kered , f linger, K lingered .

1 54 . In a fe w co mm o n w o rd s it is a ll o w a ble t o d ou b le
le t t e r t o ex th e a d d it ion o f the sy ll a b l e ture ; t h u s,
a p re ss
-

f ea tu re , K y , f u tu re w ,
signa tu re,
p ictu re .

1 55 W h en t h e p re se n t t en se of a v e rb is w rit t en w it h t h e
hpi
.

r nci
d o u b le len g t ple , t h e p a s t t e n se is w ritt en w it h t h e
-

h a lf- l en g t h p rin c i
ple ; t h u s, p on der,
I

p on dered,

J tender, k tend ered , W en cou n ter , v /

A R en cou n tered ,

(
7

s la n der , ( N sla n d ered , h in der, h ind ered,

p a mp er, p a mp ered .

1 56 . W h en a w o rd en d s w it h a v o w el p re c e d ed b y tr, .

d r, t h r , or t h r, t h e s e c o n so n a n t s m u s t be writ ten a n d n o t

i n d ic at e d b y d o u b l in g ; t h u s, k fl a tter
Q f la ttery
l/ , ,

Qu
win ter, M win try, su n der l su n dry,
'

L L/ -
,
.

K f ea ther, K .

) f ea thery . Th e c irc l e 3 at th e en d of a

d o u bl e le n g t -
h c h a ra c t e r is rea d la st , as u su a l ; t h u s,

K —
( I.
ten ders, 3 f ea th ers , o co u n ters.

Ex e r c is e 48 .
70 The D ouble Leng th P rin ciple-
.

Ex e r c is e 4 8 (con tin ued ) .

(
b

y
2 .

/ v
4 1 0 .

, v

b fl Y V x 7 .
'

Q K .

Ex e r c is e 4 9 .

En ter, Ea ster, l oiter, sh tt

u er, m att er, m att ere d
F y li
.

o un d er, asun d er, s ma t te r, c n d e r, W a l t er, m en t o r

h t h h
.

Pa lt er, f old er, a rt ered , erd er.

p o rt er, c a r er, c

Let t er, l o u d er ; l a t t e r, l a d d e r ; f e t t e r, f ee d er ; e v a d e r
h h
.

S ou t e r, s e dd e r ; m u t t er, ma d d er ; fi t t e r, fe d era l
h
.

Po in t er, t in d e r, ra n t er, w a n d er, w a n d e re d, a u n t er.

Elec t or, g un po wd er, dissec t o r, p re t en d er, b o o k bin d er

j
.

Vam per, Hu mb e r, u mper t imb er, belon g er , .

Slu mb er, slu mb ere d an g e r, a n g ered e n tered

Fl y
.

oun d er, fi oun dered ; d irecto r, d irec t o r ; f ut ut es .

 The D ouble Leng th P rinciple -
.

Ex e r c i s e 5 0 .

1 M y
of the t p ew rit ers a t p re s en t in use ha d Ame ric an
ost

y
.

in v en t o rs a nd o ig in a t o rs, a nd the e a rl prom o t ers of these

r

v a lu able a id s to a u t ors o h
f le t t ers a n d d o c u men t s were of
Am eric an n a t io n a li y
t 2 M y an an in v en t or a nd t h in k e r
h h
. .

ha s a dd e d fi rst o n e a nd t en a n o t er n e w d e v ic e to the o ld er

mo d el s 3 Th ese ha ve in c lu d e d a t a b ul a t or f or t a b u l a r
y
. .

m a t t er, a n d a d uplic a t or f or p ro d u c in g ma n c o pie s of th e

sa me w rit in g 4 Th e ma n ip u la t or, who is k no w n a s a
y h
. .

t p is t, u se s a lu b ric a t o r, in o t er p h ra s e cm o il c a n to k eep
h
,

h is m a c in e in p ro per o rd er 5 To me a sure g as w e use a . .

met er to learn the d ist an c e w e t rav el , w e re fer to a p ed o

m e t er o r c yc l o m et er 6 A t u b e of q u ic k silv er is a n in d i
h h
. .

c a t or o f c anges of weat er.

RE V I EW .

1 Wh at a d d itio n s a re ex presse d w h en ,a c u rv e d c o nson an t

hl
.

is w rit t e n d o u ble it s u s ua l le n gt
2 Un d e r w h at rest ric tio n s are th e sa me a ddit io n s ex
presse d
h ht
.

w en a st ra ig c o n s o n an t is d oubl e d
Wh d at o A a nd v ex p ress w h en d o ub le d
F wh t or a c l a ss of w ord s a re e \ a n d v '
m o st c onv en ien t ;

ex
pl a in w h y i
5 . W h y
a t s lla bl e is a d d ed in a fe w co mmon w ord s w h en a

c o n so na n t is d ou b led
6 In th e
. e a se of a v erb w ritt en w it h t h e d ou ble-l engt h
l rin c i
e, h o w is t h e p ast t en se e x pressed 3
p p
W rit e territory, nota ry
h h h
.

W en c irc le 3 is a d d ed to a d ouble lengt -

c a ract e r h ow
is it rea d ?
 “ I “
1 5 7- 1 62
72 Voca liza tion f
o pl a na p r

C H A PT ER X V I .

VO C ALIZ ATIO N OF PL AN D PR .

15 7 Th e p l an d series m ay so me t im es be u s ed to ob
pr
h h
.

t a in a o o d o u t lin e , ev e n t o ug an a c c e n t ed v o w el c o mes
g
b et ween t h e t wo c o n so n a n t s In su c h a c ase th e LO N G d ot
B W
.

v o wel s ET EEN t h e t wo le tt e rs a re e x p resse d by a sm a l l

c irc le BFE O RE or A O BV E the c o nso n an t s t ro ke t us h

32
5
cha irma n , g f ca reless,
F T
39 ca sh iered , b
Th e S H O RT d o t v o we ls a re in d ic a t e d b y a sma ll c irc le pl a c e d
t h u s, 1
5 /
AF TER o r UN D ER t h e c o n son a n t L da rk, 7 gna rl,
lg Germa n, J girl .

15 8 In c ase sw h ere it is in c o n v e n ien t to o b serv e t h is

h
.

rule , th e c irc le m a y b e w rit t e n on EI T H EB sid e , f o r e it er a

LO NG o r SH O R T v o w el ; t h u s, rega rd,
1 0
engineer .

1 59 . A st ro k e vo Wel ‘

or h
d ip t h o n g is s t ru c k T H RO UGH th e

c on so n a n t ;t h u s, 9 —
1 schoo l, t inc tu re .

1 60 Single st rok e w o rd s v oc alized in t h e ab o ve wa y s a re

h h h
.

alved f o r e it er t or d; t u s, d court .

1 61 . W h en an in it ia l h oo k or c irc le w o u ld in t erf ere

wit h a fi rs t pl ac e v ow el o r d ip t o n g, o r a
-
hh final h oo k or

c irc le w it h a t ird h
pl a ce v o w el , t h e vo w e l
- -
g n ma y b e
si

writ t en at th e B EG I N N I N G or EN D o f t h e c o n so n a n t ; a s,

L l—
T
h ch i ld , dormouse,
‘

N corp ora tio n , K ?

"
fi gu ra tion ,
\—
r
“ ,

b
jig
°
I u res .

1 62 It is seld o m n ec e ss a r y to v o c a l ize the p l an d pr

h
.

se ries t o ma rk an u n ac c en t e d v o w el ; t u s,
p ermit,
k voca l ; bu t ac c en t e d vo w els may b e in se rt e d ; t h u s,

W p ero é
rt W , p é
rcert .
 “ “
Voca liza tion f a nd p
o p r .

Ex e r c is e fi l .

, s m y
7 u r
~
1
W
A
, 5

7 ,

2 . l o

V
'

fl "
k j k
’

4
‘
L D a d

—fi
‘

F
x
‘

Ex e r c is e 5 2 .

l C h a ire d, c h e eril y; c har m, t erm, germ, pilgrim

h
. .

2 Regard ed, v en e e r ; fores ore, nu rse, foolsc ap, fix t u re

h
. .

8 . C a rt , g ua rd, c eered , b o ld, c u rt , g o ld , g ird

, p
a rt a k e

h ildi h
.

4 N orm a n , t o rt u re
. . c ult u re, d o rma nt, direc t. c s

h j y
.

5 . In o rd e r to s ort en the ourn e , Mr B la c k more w ent by

w ay o f Tu rk e y bu t
he p ro c e eded in a very d elibera t e
as

h
,

f as ion , w e fe el s u re tha t the ex perimen t will not cu rt ail it .

6 An en erg et ic man , it ma y be su pp os ed , should ha ve

h h h
.

reac ed t he c o urt a grea t d e al s o o n er 7 Th ere mig t t en . .

ha ve bee n n o mu rmurs f rom those who had the co urage to sa y

 Vo
74 “ ‘ ”
a nd
ca l iza tion o f pl pr .

tha t h is ac t ion s h o we d w ant f

o c ou rt es y . 8 . A sh arp f rost
ha d c a u se d a f ra c t u re in a v
c u l ert , a nd a ro a d in that
loca lit yw as fl o od ed .

RE V I EW .

1 . H ow m a y t h e l o n g d o t v o w els b e in d ic a t e d b et w een t h e
t wo le tte rs of th e p l and pr s eries o f c o n so n a n t s

Ho w are th e sh o rt v owe ls ex presse d in t h e sa me c as e

W h t h e p o s it io n o f t h e c o n s o n a n t s re n d e rs it in c o n
en

h
v enis h t t o o bse rv e t is ru le , h o w may t h e v o we l t e n h
b e w ritt en
How a re the s t ro k e v o w el s w rit t en , w h en o c c u rrin g be
t wee n t h e let t ers of th e p l o r p r se rie s o f c o n so n a n t s

5 . When a first p lac e v o wel o cc u rs b e t w een a n in it ia l oo k

-
h
or c irc le an d t h e c o n so n a n t t o w ic h t h e ook or h h
c irc l e is a n n ex e d ; a nd w h en a th i d pl r -
ac e v o w el

o c c u rs b e t w ee n a fi n al h oo k o r c irc le
t h e p re an d

c eding c o nson an t
,
h ow m ay t h ese vo wels be writ t en 2‘
 “ n a
D iph th ong s 1 67- 1 68
76 w a nd }
, .

1 67 Th e l eft se mic irc l e is p re fi x e d t o d o wn wa rd l, a nd

h t mi i
.

th e rig se c rc le is p refi x e d t o k, g, m , mp, t o rep resen t

w on ly ; t h us, fi Willia m { 1 Wilson , wa ke,
h y
,

h ; wig , woma n , rv k wa mp u m . T is S ig n is a l wa s

ea d fi rst, so t h a t wh e n a v o we l p re c e d e s w t h e stro k e
mu s t be w rit t e n, a n d n ot th e a bb re via tio n , t h u s f a wa ke,

wa ke .

1 68 . At t h e b eg inn in g
. of a w o rd , t h e v ow el aw ma y b e
j o in ed to u
p wa rd I, as f a wl, a lter , ( La ltera tion
and t h e l og o g ram aw (a ll ) ma y be ji
o n ed in c o m p ou n d

word s c o mmen c in g w it h a ll or a l th u s,
V

a Almighty ,

Ex e r c is e 53 .

beyon d C) , c when wou ld , f will .

”
d a
a n J
*/
- f

K 5

l
o
X 3 o
o _ fi \
n

( « fl u u ,
 w a nd D iph thong s 7
y .

Ex e r c i s e 5 3 ( con tin u ed ) .

Ex e r c i s e 5 4 .

1 . Ea st w a rd , as su a ge , s e a l in g - w a x , t wea k , t win k le .

2 W a lk e r ro p e- w a l k , rese rvo ir so d a - w a t er, wo rk man

F hi y h yi g yi
. .
,

3 uc s a, a rd , o sier var n c a rr n
g
h id
.
. ,

4 Su perio r c am e o , g lo ri o u s, e o u s, f u me , v a lue

h
. , .

5 W ard ro b e w as erw o m a n ,
-
w a t ersp o u t , a ll- fou rs.

y
.
,

6 W a g w ee kl w ic k ed , w imp le , w o mb a t , W ilk in s
h
. .
, ,

7 . IVhen the O rie n t al ea rd t he t w a n g f o the g u it a r, he

w a l k e d to the p a l ac e , wi th the in t e n t ion f
o t al k in g t o the
mu sic a n who s too d o u t sid e it 8 He f oun d the a rt ist wa s
yi
. .

not a st ro llin g I t a l ia n , who h a d ma d e his w a y

S r an , bu t an

f rom Asia , a nd played ap pro priat e mu s ic b e fore a u dienc es

in the stre et s 9 He seeme d oery ou t h f ul , al t o u g he h a d
. . y h h
 “
78 w a nd y D iph thong s .

Ex e r c is e 5 4 ( con tinu ed

gained grea t e xp erien c e when h e wal ked t h ro ug h ma n y bea u ti

f u l part s of Eu ro pe, a nd of Asia 10 He was a t on e t im e
h
. .

assoc ia t e d with W ill ia m , a nd was en g a g e d in c a rio t ra c es .

11 T h
he pra c t ised assid u ou sl in a g ymn asiu m was w ry
en y
h
. ,

a bst e miou s, a n d b ec a m e a n o t e d a t le t e 1 2 F rom s om e

y
. .

B elgian s he le arn ed billia rd s, a nd the b rillia n c e o f his pla

pla c ed his s k ill at a

premiu m ; it will be ad m it ted the
Itali an was a u ni u e q g en iu s .

RE VI EW .

1 . W rite the S ign s fo r wa h , weh , wee, wa w, woh , woo y a h,

yeh , yee , ya w, yah , yoo, in p o s it io n a g ain s t the
son a n t t .

2 . G ive an illu st ra t io n of the S ig n wa w or wt j o in e d to a

st ro ke o
c o n s nan t

h j
.

Writ e Wilkins an d women wit t h e oin e d sig n s c 3

j h
.

Wh en may t h e oin ed sign b e u sed -

a nd w en mu st t h e
y
,

c on so n an t be e mplo ed

5 . G ive illust ra t ion s of th e j oin in

g of a w a n d t h e logogra m
all init ia lly .
I 69- 1 7 2 D issylla bic D iph th ong s .
79

C H A PT ER X V II I .

Y
DIS S LLAB IC DIPHTH O N G S .

1 69 In a dd it io n to th e si
g ns f o r d ip t o n g s g iv en
u se d hh
V VI I h h y
.

in C h a p t e rs . and X .
,
mo st o f w ic a re m o n o s llab ic
( or one syll ab l e ) t h e f o llo w in g series o f a n
g u la r c h ara c t e rs
y y
,

re pre se n t a t io n o f d iss lla bic

is e m p lo ed for t h e (o r t w o
s y ll bl ) d iph t h
a e on g s

ah —
i eh - i,

Q Q
,
’
( . fl ( N
fla w y,
’
la it y
'
howhe iit, w,
'
bru in
'
sol f a ist, , sto .

s ig n s w rit t en in t h e sa m e
17 0 . T h e se a re p la c es as th e
l on g v o w e l s, a n d may be u se d to ex p ress a lo n g v el f ol
l o w ed b y A N Y u n a ccen ted S h o rt v o w el w h ic h m ay oc c u r ;
t h u s, rep re se n t s th e d ip t hh on g in cla y ey
'
or in
e
W ?
C
l in re a l
'

ba y onet ; th at {
'
re i nsta te, or

h Qfl
b

4 354 muse u m ;
R
'
in w y;
'
t at a

m
a

il t
o h at in y N o a h,
'
>
f N o el,
'
or
'
o olite ; {t h a t in
’
gew el or J ew i sh .

171 . W h ere a lo n g v o w el or d ip t hh is f ollo w ed b y

on g an

a ccen te d sh o rt v o w el , s ep a ra t e v o w e l s i n s a re w rit t e n , or
g
the y series is e mp l o y ed . C o mp are t h e f o ll o w in g w o rd s
é
fl p oet , 1 p oetic 1 re elec t, re- ligibl e

é
I
”
S rein orce,
f N re -
n ter geologica l,

F]
l
geology
(A
thea tre, th eatrica l;

/ reality p ea n,
172 Wh en t wo v o w el s o c c ur in s u c c e ssion , n ot th us

h
.

p ro v id ed fo r w rit e th e se
pa rat e v o w el S ig n s ; t u s,
“ V“
K “
7v O hio, 7 Messia h, ) I sa ia h,
'
Leo , ~

4 roy a l,
90 D zssy ll a hzc D iph thong s
’
'

Ex e r c is e 5 5 .

L
\
b
o (
3 I

Ex e r c is e 5 6 .

y y
N aive ; o b e er, sa est, p ro saic ; d eity, B ea t rice
h h
.

W it d rawer ; bo a , C loe, mo w er ; Le wis, ruin , c rue t

y th y y
.

Ga est, id ea , eor , O we n , d eist , sn o w G al a t e a

y
, .

C r uel c reoso t e, d ruid, pa able, sow e r, mauso leum

h h
.

C oin c i de, c oin c id en t s o wer ( o ne wh o sh o ws) , s o wer

(Of rain ) .

Diary, lion, riot, bo wer, pio us, e mpo wer, iota , to wer .
 D zssy /la hzc D ip h thong s
' '

Ex e r c i s e 5 7 .

1 T he At h en aeu m wa s the n a me given origin a l l to a y

h y
.

fa mo us Ro m a n sc oo l , wh ich wa s f man
the p io n eer o
Eu ro pea n in st it u t io ns d e v o t ed to s c ie n c e , a rt , a nd lit era t u re .

2 In f e w p lac e s the l ib e ra l a rt s ou ld h a ve f allen in t o

no t a w
h y
.

ru in , bu t f or s uc a ssoc ia t ion s , in wh ich m en of in g enu it

a c t e d in c o o e ra t io n o r c o a l it io n with v a lu e d c o a d j u t ors
p
-

h
.
.

3 Min erv a wa s the g o dd ess of W isd o m in the p a n t eo n of

h
.

Ro ma n d iv in it ie s , a nd h er b u st in ero ic size fi g u res on

s t ru c t u res ere c t e d in th e I on ic st yl e f or the p ro m o t io n f the

o

RE V I EW .

1 In w h a t res ec t
p d o t h e d iss ll abic diph t y h on gs diff er fro m
hh
.

th e m o n osyllab ic dip t o n gs
G ive t h e s erie s o f y
d is s lla b ic d ip t o n g s hh
h h
.

In w p o sit io n
at a re t h e diss yl la bic s w rit t en , an d w at

hy
m a y t e b e u se d t o ex p ress I
4 . Wh a t s i n s a re u se d w h en a l on
g g v o w el is f ollo w ed by
a n a c c e n t e d s h o rt v o w el

5 Wh en t wo v o w e ls oc c u r in s u c c essio n h h
w ic a re n ot

y
.

p ro v id e d
f o r b y t h e d ip h t h on g a l g n s, h o w
Si a re th e
rep re s en t e d
82 P refi x es 1 73 - 1 7 8
'

C H A PT ER X IX .

PRE IXES F .

173 Th e s y ll a bl e co m th e b e gin
o r con o c cu rrin
g at

h
.

n ing of a w ord is e x p re sse d by a l ig t d o t w rit t e n b efo re

th e fi rst c on so n a n t t us , I commit, h commu n ity

K convey,

1 74 W h en th e s y ll bl a e cog co m con o r c um co mes

h
.

c o n so n a n t s, e it in t h e sa m e o r
b et we e n t w o er in a
p rec ed
in g w o rd , it is in dic a t e d b y w rit in g t h e s l la ble y o r w o rd ,

h
t a t f o llo ws U N DER o r C L O S E To t h e c o n so n a n t o r w o rd t h at

p rec e d es ; t h u s, rec o gn ize ; c o m p ose, dec o m

p ose ; c on f in ed ,
u n c on fi ned ; 5 in c u mbent
v
Q
; in co m p li a n ce .

y
‘

175 . I n ter in tro or en ter is g en erall ex

p res se d b y
V nt ; t h u s,
“
4 in te rlock, Q
M in t ro sp ect,
‘

~ No en t er
p ri se
h h
.

Th e p refix m a y b e j o ined w en t is c o u rse d o es n o t o c c as ion

a mb igu it y t h u s, I in t erdic t,
’

] en terta in
T .

1 76 . Magna ma gne or ma gn i is ex p re sse d by a dis

A
;t h u s,
V
1 ma gn a nimity ,
L
v m agn etize,

177 . S elf is rep re s en t e d by a d is j o in e d

o
C i rc l e 8 ; t h us,

5
9
s elf-p ossessed, °
L _
o
. self- de en ce , f Q/ sel f- conscious .

1 78 In b e fo re t h e c irc l e d l e t t ers 1 c, 0
/
7
h
.
,

is e x pre ss e d by a sm al l oo k, w rit t en in t h e sa me direc t ion

as th e c irc l e ; t h u s,
a
s) in sp ira tion, L 1 instru ment,

W in scribe, in heren t, i s in h u ma n .
 Ex e rc i s e 58 (con tinued ) .

Ex e r c is e 5 9 .

C omp et en t , mpl et e, c o mpa ss, c om pu t e, c om p ro mise

co .

C o n vin c e , c o n d e mn , c o n d e n se, c o n g ra t u la t e , C o n g re s s .

Rec o g n it io n , re c o g n izo r; in c o m pe t e n t , in c o m ple t e .

Disc o n so la t e , m isc o n c ei e ,v re c o n sid e r, rec o n c ile .

I n t e rlu d e , in t erme d d le , in t e rplea d , in t e rc e d e , in t ers ec t .

In t ro v e rt, in t ro sp e c t iv e , in t ro v e rs io n ; e n t e rp rise d .

I n t ro d uc e , in t erw ea v e , in t errup te d , in t erc h an ge

y
.

M a g n a n imit m ag n ifi c e n c e, m a g n ifi e d , ma gn e t ized
h h
.
,

Self lo v e,
-
self- rig t eo u s, se lf - c o n fi d en t ; in ibit .

Ex e r c is e 6 0 .

“
1 S elf p raise is n o rec o mm e n d a t io n ,
-
ru n s a w e ll
h
.

k n o wn p ro v erb 2 W e f ee l tha t su c p ra ise is in c o ng ru o u s

. .

a nd in c o mp a t ible to him who fe els with Te n n yso n tha t s e lf

reve re n c e and se lf- c o n t ro l le a d l ife to so v e re ig n po w er .

3 . We do n ot en o y j in t e rc o urse with th ose whose se lf c o n c e it

-

is irrec o n c ila b le with th eir in c o n s pic uo u s a b ilit ie s 4 B ut

h yi
. .

w e l o v e to
,
c o n v e rse with h im who has en ou
g mo d e st n h is
c o mpo sit io n to s
p a re u s c o n s t a n t re fere n c e s to wha t he c on

sid ers are his o w n ma g n ifi c en t en t e rp rises . 5 . We do not

 85

Ex e r c i s e 6 0 (con tin ued ) .

ad mire s el f- e st ee m when a sso c iat e d with sel f- will, a n d when

he who S h ows it ex h ibit '

s n o c irc u msp e c t ion o r c o mmo n sen se

in his c o mmu n ic a t ion s , is no t g t e d with in t ro spec t io n , bu t

if
ma n ifest s a s t ilt e d ma g n ilo q u e nc e 6 Su c h a p e rs on is
y
. .

lik el to p ro v o k e in t errup t ion , shou ld he a d d re ss a ny c o n

f e renc e .

RE V I EW .

H o w is t h e prefix co m Or con e x pre sse d

In w h at
p o sit ion s h ou l d t wo c o n so n a n t s b e p l ac e d t o
ex
p ress com o r con in t erm e d ia t e 7 W h at o t h er

s llab l es a re a l so
y e x presse d in t h e sa me way i
'

3 . How a re t h e p refi x es i n ter ,

ma gna se lf},
et c .
,
rep re

se n t e d 7
y wh t h
.

B a is t h e prefi x in
S ig n e
rep r s en t ed , a n d to w at

c o n so n a nt s is it p re fi x e d
'

5 . Wh i en n h as a ne
g a t ive si n ific a t io n ,
g h o w is it writ t en Q
86 S ufi x es. 1 83

C H A PT ER XX .

S U
FFIX ES .

su fii x ing is
18 0 Th e ex
pre ssed b y t h e st ro ke and
-
. v ,

J ings b y 0 ; t h us
,
\_ f acin g
o , , ku f a cings K 3 “ ,
evenin g
w
,

K
w musing A , , robin g , borrowing, p a rtings;

f eelin g , p a vin g , N , p rin tin g , xv cou n ti ng .

18 1 . W h en th e st ro k e is n o t c on v en ient ,
-
ing is ex presse d

by a h
l ig t d o t at th e en d o f t h e w o rd , a nd -
ings by a lig t h
d as h ; th u s, A hop i n g , p lottin g , p lo tti n g s, I
V tyin g ,

ly M b
"
e
tu rn in g , tu rn in g s, e a d ou rn in
j g, (
J

morn ings , d engra vin g , ;r ? ’en

gra vin g s, clea ns e

ing , J da ncin g , ha tch in g,

7 ~ h oeing .

182 Th e s u fii x e s -
a lity, -
ility, -
a rit
y, e tc . a re ex press ed
.
,

by d isj o in in g t h e p rec ed ing st ro k e t h u s,

K A f orma lity,

L K I/ \
A

v ca rn a lity, gen ia lity, g] vena lity _

du ra

bility, r sta bility ; V \ ba rba rity,

\
fi / regu la rity ; 7 majority, Q o minorit ies .

183 . Th e S ig n v is e mpl o y ed a s a c o n t ra c t io n f or - men t,

w h en f oll o win g v n, ns, o r a b o o k, w h en it will j o in

ea sil y ; th u s, M imp risonmen t, f
”
resen tmen t ,

x 4 » commen cemen t, p a veme nt, K y re nemen t,

fi
hp achieve men ts .
88 S ufi x es .

Ex e r c is e 6 1 (con tin u ed ) .

Ex e r c i s e 6 2

W eepin g .
w ebb in g , ea t in g re a din g , et c h i g d gi g
n e n

j h y yi g t h i v i g
.
, , ,

Ha c k in g , u gglin g , t a w in g , t e rrif ing v n e n , , .

Errin g missin g, n o o sin g , le t t in g, f o llo w in g, f a ilin g

, .

B ra n d in g ,
t e n d in g , a c c ou n t in
g, p uffi n g , d rivin g .

B o ring s, b orro win s,

g d ig gin g s, l on g in g s, l ivin g s
Fi y y y y y
.

n a lit b rut a lit n o b ilit s in g u l a rit m in o rit

ly
.
, , , ,

An n ou n c e men t , align m e n t , ru di m e n t al , s t e rn ly , v a in

O n e sel f, o u rs el v es Write th e f u ll con sona n t f orms in

h y y
.

ers elf , ou rse l f, ou rs el ves

h h
.

9 . H ards ip, lea d ersh ip, pla yfu ln ess, opelessn ess
 S ufi x es. 89

Ex e r c i s e 63 .

i A ma n n er, c oa rse j o c ularit , a nd f orc e d

swa g gerin g y
y
.

c o n v iv ial it a re n ot c o mpa t ibl e with rea l a fi a bilit y a n d g en i

a-h cy of d isp osit io n 2 N eit er ca n a d mira t io n be f e lt f or h

y y h
. .

him who impu d e n t l o r ins o l en t l f orc es imself a nd his

Vi ew s on ou r n o t ice 3 K no w thy se lf,
”
wa s the a d v ic e o f
m h
. .

a w is e an , bu t how f e w of u s a re d isc e rn in g e n ou g to see

o u rs elv e s a s ot e rshsee u
’
s3 4 Did w e bu t p o sse ss this v alu
h h
.

a b le l e a rn in g , w e cou ld c en su re the s ort c o min g s of ot e rs

with ou t of resen t me n t
a ny sh o w 5 But su c h c e n so rs h ip
ly
. .

wou ld not be a greeab l e to a ll, a n d fe w wou ld ca re to f ea r less

ex erc is e it Sel f d ec eit is the easiest o th e

6 -
f a ny, ru n s

y hf l
. .

p ro verb , a nd it is an in dic a tion f

o e x t re me o ut u n ess to
b o a st efi u sive ly of ’
one s c h a mpio n s ip in h sc h l h ip
o a rs or in
h
w o rk m a n s ip o ver o t e rs 7 Th e u selessn ess h f oh b su c o ast

Th th h
. .

ing ma y a pp ear a pp aren t when t e st e d 8 e ed

’

us e

h
. .

lessn ess s own inin d ulgin g in it is e x p ose d .

RE V I EW .

Wh a t are t h e sig n s fo r th e suffi x es ing ings - -

W h en is t h e st ro k e an d w h en t h e d o t em pl o y ed 7
,

How a re t h e su ffi x es a lity ility a rity et c expresse d 7

- - -

W h a t Sig n is e mpl o y ed f or ment an d h o w are men ta l

, , , .
,

- -
,

an d m en ta lity in d ic at ed 7
W h a t a re th e su ffi x es fo r ly,~ - se lf , - se bves, an d ~
ship

Ho w a re f
-
u lness a n d -
lessness ex pressed l
90 G ra mma log u es .
1 8 94 92

C H A PT ER XXI .

G RA M M A L O G U ES .

18 9 Th e lis t of g ra mmalo gu es in p a g es 92 95 -
c on t ain s a

h y
.

n u mb er o f l o g o g rams a ddit io n a l to t a lrea d

giv e n in
‘

o se

c o n nec t io n w it h th e ex erc ises y

B mea n s of t he firs t t a bl e
h h
.

In p a g es 92 an d 93 , in w ic th e sig ns a re p ed p h o
g ro u

n e t ic a lly, and t h e d irec t io n s fu rn is h e d b el o w , t h e m ay b e y

rea d il y c o mm it t e d to me m y or . Al p h a b et c i c h a ra c t e rs a re

u se d to re re s e n t a l l
p t h e g ra mm a l o g u es e x c e pt a n d , he, an d

fore, f o r w ic
there h h c o nv en ien t sig n s a re a llo c a t ed .

1 90 . Th e PO S I TI O N S of t h e l og o g ra ms , AB O E, O N , a n d V
rHRO UG H t h e lin e, a re in g en era l d et e rmin ed b y t h e v o w els
c o n t a ine d in t h e w o rd s and if a w ord h a s mo re t h an o n e

syll bl a e, by it s ac c e n t ed v o wel . For p e rp en dic u l a r and

slop in g s tro k e s, st an din g a lon e , t h e p o sit io n s a re

I a h, a w, it, 6, i , oi, wi AB OVE th e h u e ht u s, I at

h
. .

2 eh, oh , 6, u, ON t h e lin e ; t u s, L u
p , 54 whether
; th
. , . .

3 41, 66, ow, a , T HR O U G H t h e l in e ea ch

‘

. es, ao, u s,

1 91 V o wel l o g o g ra ms, a n d o rizon t al h an dh a lf- size d c o n

h
.

a v e b u t T W O p osit io n s
‘

son a n ts ,

1 . a h , a w, d, 6, i , oi, a y, wi , A BV O E th e l in e as , a h.

2 . eh , oh , 6, it, cc , 00 , i, 66, a, ow, O N th e lin e as , ” afi toc .

T h ese rule s
‘

do n o t a p pl yt o t h e irregu la r gra m mal ogue s se t

out in t h e t able on the o pp osit e p age .

1 92 . It will b e n ot ic e d t h at in t h e t ables of g ra mma lo gu es

so me w ord s a re in dic a t e d wit h a hyp h en , a s, (g ive-n) ; o r,

wit h a d ouble t ermin a t ion , ( as , imp orta ng) . Th e co rres pon d

 G RA MM ALO G UES
P H O N ETI C A LL Y E A RRA N G D .

G rammalo gu es ma rked
ma rke d
”
1 fi
( rst po s it io n
) e a re writt n

(t h ird po sit io n
n o t m ark 23
( se c o n po sn i
C O N SO N AN T S .

ha p p y 1 ; Up; b ut 3
c a ll 1; e q u al - l y
called ,

by , buy 1 ; be ; to be 3 G o d 1 ; g oo d

re m em b er- e d, m em ~

n umber-c d 3

t o w ard
had ; do ; diffe re nt - c c 3
ov er 1 e erv .
y
h
I

V ery ; o wever 3
th ank c d 1 ; t hink
-

ad v an ta g e ; diflicu l t 3

don e ; down 3
t h ou g h 1; t h em

much I wh ic h ; ea c h 3
t h o se 1 t hi s ;
th e se , 3

g en era l
t h eir, t h ere

th eref o re 3
c an 1 ; co m e ( do u b le length )

q u it e 1; co u ld w h s sm m (m
. )3

a s, h as l ; is, h is
 93
P H O N ETI C A LLY ARR AN G ED .

V OW E S L

wa s ; us e (ver b) 3,
[wh o se 3
S h a ll , s h a lt

S h ort 1

me my 1;hi m m ay
, ,

nfi g h t l

more , rem a rk-

cd
( M r mere
,
1
' 0 0h !
h an d 1 ; u n der
s h ou l d

n or 1 ; n e ar

D I P H TH O N G S .

w h en

a re ; h ou r, our 3
W ord .

ay , a y e (broad a t, yes)
 Ex e r c is e 6 4 ( con tinu ed ) . 97

Ex e r c is e 6 5 .

Introd ucing the Gra mma log u es in the p reced ing Table .

1 . My d ea r C .
,
- O n e wit h ou t
p rin c i p e we
l c ann o t e ver

c all a g en tl em an 2 I f h e h a s n o pl ea s u re in t h e g o o d n or

h
. .

in t h e t rue , w e d o n ot t in k o f h is n at u re a s g rea t 3 . . We
c an , h o we v e r, re ma r k th L
at or d W G en eral L ,
and Mr .

h gh t h
.
, .

N a re n u mb ere d as
g l m
en t e en . 4 T ou ere h as b een
it y h h h d
,
. .

a ll h ad
no part ic u lar o p port u n ,
t ese av e ea c an an

eye t o a n d im ro v e d o n
‘

p anim o rt an t a d v a n t a g e , an d b een
y p
th e fi rst t o g ive a g o o d a c c o un t o f it 5 W e t a n k t e m, h h
h hi g h
. .

a nd re memb e r t ose t n s, t e refo re , b ec a u se w e k now

th m t b
e d l iv y f m
o- e n ot a e er o e re w o rd s 6 Oh I t h a t a ll

w ld d t h i w h h hi h w
. .

ou io s, et er n t e r o p in io n or n ot t ere as

q al a dva n tage or n o
e u . 7 . Ah 1 h ow d iff eren t mig h t t h i g n s

7
98 Ex e r c is e 6 5 (con tin u ed ) .

be ; w h at d iff eren c es c o u ld be q u it e
p u t ou t by a more
h ppa y pi i d h g h t h
s r t, an t ro u e u se of w o rd s o r la n g u a g e
h h h ld giv
w ic s ou r 8 W h y if w h v t h w ill
e no ca e e a e e to
f G d th i m y y t b
. .
,

d lie it i
v er h w n t e a e o I 9 Ay of s a e e so e, o

h im lf i f t h i p i i f my lf I h ll
,
.
,

a t th h ru e se s o s o n on or se s a

g wi h y
, ,

u se thi v y l s g er d
an ua 10 A e l I t our o c tor s u su a

h l l p t d w v y w d d l i d i Ph g p h
. .
,

s a u o n e er or e v e re n ono ra y

wh i h i i my h 1 1 It i q i
,

c f g s o rea t d u se n l an s u te u su a

y l g mb f
. .
,

t f
oo , m t or e v l bo see not se era u t a ver ar e nu er o

th wh
o se i d wh
o u se p i ip l p l
t, an i t d ll
o se r nc a e a s u re s o o a

to w d h im p v m t f
ar t e h i it w h n t h m
ro e en o ot e rs n en ear e

h i pp t i y 12 It h ld b m m
,

a ccor di g t n o t e r o or un t ; s ou e re e

b r d th t m h w fi t y
.

e e a d d i g th
uc as
y d
on e ur n e rs ea r, a an

b d f
ey o n i i v tw y
or t gs h t h
o ld y
er t o ea rs a o t a e to ou o

th m wh y d iffi lt h i g
,

co m eg tor o y o h d e en ou a an cu t n

hm h t w h il I h i k
.

13 U d n er m mb
t e i ou r e ers , n a s or e, t n

w ill q m h
, ,
,

f
a t er h b v
t e a lly im p
o e, 14 I k
e uaw rov e uc no

p wi h f m wh h d
. .

a ll will g o u t h k h im t us o t an at o r ro o se an s

h
,
’
h asp i ip l l
r nc y b g iva m d t
e enh f i i f
en s o uc an ere o re t s o

h ld b ll d p d h
,

i mp h
o rt a n c e h t at e s ouk d e ca e u o n an t an e .

R V W E IE .

1 H w
. oth p i i
a re f g mm l g
e os
g t ll y d t
on s o ra a o u es en e ra e er
mi d ne

2 Wh.
p p di l
en d l pi g
e r en k di g l
c u ar a n s o n s t ro es, s t a n n a o n e,

a re u se d as
g ra mm a lo g u e s , h o w a re t h e ir p o sit io n s
d et e rmin e d
3 How m a n y, p os itio n s a nd w h
a v e v o w el lo g o ra m s
gat h
h
.

and o rizo n t a l c o n so n a n t s ?

4 W h y a re t h e Irre g ula r G ra m mal og u e s o f t h e 1 st C la s s n ot

.

w rit t e n in p o sit io n a c c o rd in g t o t h e ir vo w els 2

5 W h y a re t h e I rreg ula r G ra mma lo g ues o f t h e 2 d C la ss n o t
.

p la c e d in t h eir p ro p er po sit io n
6 G iv e so me e x a mple s in w ic 8 m a y b e a d d e d t o a l og o h h
h
.

g ra m t o e x p res s t h e p lu ra l, t h e t ird p erson o f a

v erb , o r t h e p o ssessiv e c a s e .

Give ex amples o f log og ra ms u sed as p refi x es an d sufiix es .

100 Contra ctions .
1 98

1 98 PH RA S E Of the —Th ph e ra s e of the m ay b e ex p re ss ed

w h i h it
.

by w rit in g t h e t w o wo rd s c c on n e c t s C L O S E TO EAC H

O T H ER , an d h
in t is w ay in dic at in g t h at one is “
of the ”

ot h ; t h p la n f the 10 07 15, me of the in

Uh—
er u s, O
a so

d icat ion s, resu lt o f the mea su re, p

/ a sta te men t
f
o th e a ctua l con dition o f the cou n try Th e m e t h od of in t i
h
.

ma t ing of the c an n o t b e mist a k e n in p ra c t ic e f o r t is mo d e

o f e x pre s sin g con o r com h
W en of the is fo llo wed by con
w rit e th e d o t f o r com , t h us, u
h c lose o f th e con test T h es e

h y hv
.

met ods m u st n ot be e mp l o ed a fter a d ot or d as o we l

s ig n , a s d? “
a cond ensed a ccou n t r s tu o f
o the p r i ncip a l
men , w o uld n ot be d ist in c t .

Ex e r c is e 6 6 .

s a w s ,
An r / m
 Contr
a ctions .
101

Ex e r c is e 6 7 .

i . C lu mped, j u m p ed , d u m ped, stu mped , lu mped .

C o n su mpt ion , ex empt io n, c o emp tion , em

2 p re
ptio n
-

y
. .

3 La st l w ist fu l , w aist c o a t , p o s t m a n , rest less, t ast ef u l

j
. .
,

4 T in c t ure , in st in c t, d ef u n c t , pu n c t u a l , a d u n c t.

h
.

5 W en - t h e rig h t s o f m en a re c o n sid e re d , we are

p ro mpt e d
h h
.

to a sk, W at is t h e-
n a t u re (o f t h e) rule t at men live
u n der ? 6 . F or t h e
-
a d u s t m en t
j of a ff a irs, l a ws of s om e

kin d ex ist , ev en a m o n g t h e m o st sa v ag e n a t io n s ( o f t h e) -

w orld 7 p F
ro m t h e O e ra t io n o f t ese t h e in a bit an t s
-
h h
h
. .

c an n o t c l a im t o b e e x em pt 8 B u t t h e rig t s (o f t h e) ma n .
-

j h
.

a re u d g e d b y t h e p riv ileg e (o f t h e) a v era g e m a n t o s are

-

in t h e ma k in g (o f t h e) l a w s
-
9 So m e fa vored c ou n t ries
jy h
. .

en o a s u ff rag e (o f t h e) b ro a d es t k in d , an d all a v e a v oic e

in t h e-
el e c t io n ( of th e) h ea d ( of t h e) s t a t e, a n d ih t h e fra m
-

in g (o f t h e) c o n s t i u t io n t 10 In ot h er c o un t ries , suc h as

h
. .

t h e C el est ial t h e p eo pl eEmpire,

a v e n o v o ic e in t h e -

ma n a g em en t (o f t h e) st a t e 11 n d er a d es o t t ere is a
p . U h
y h
.

t em pt a t io n t o s w e ep a w a t h e pow er ( o f t h e) s t a t e if t in g s

g o ill 1 2 B u t u n d er ele c t iv e c o n dit io n s a a a en s ll t h t h pp

h y
. .

is t at t h e minist r ( o f t h e) d ay is d epriv ed o f its fu n c t io n s

-
.

REe w .

1 . h
W en may p t h g be o mitt dd ? , , , ,

2 . Writ e in the f or the on the with t he , , , , to the, at the, a nd

the f rom the or th e bu t th e is th e as t he

h
.
, , , , ,

3 . How is t h e c o nn ec t ive p ra se of the in dic ate d ?

102 Contra ctions .
1 99-2 0 0

C H A PT ER XX ] 1l .

C O N TRAC TIO N S ( C O N TIN U ED) .

1 99 . C ert ain w o rd s of f re q u en t oc c u rre n c e a re c o n t ra c te d

by t h e o missio n of a port io n o f th e o u t lin e

( ) B
a y yi g t h
e m pl o n e fi rst t wo or t h re e s tro k es of -
th e
ou tl in e on ly t h fl u s, exp ect , exp ec ted .

(b) In mo s t w ord s en d in g in -ac tion , -

ect ion, e tc .
,
I: ma y b e
o mitt ed , t h us,
i o bjection .

( c) I n a few in st a n c e s t h e medial c on s o n a nt or s y ll b l
a e 18

o mit t ed t h u s,
3 p asseng er .

( d) Th e h oo k m n ay be a tt ac h ed t o w o rd s, w p rac h ere

t ic a bl e , as a c o n tra c t io n for t h e fo llo win g word tha n

\ better tha n
3
.

2 00 I n t h e fo ll o win g l ist , c ont ra c t ions of a si mila r

h h hy
.

c ara c t er a n d rela t e d w ord s g ro upe d t og e t

a re er ; t e

c an t h us be c o n v en ien t l y le a rn e d in se c t ion s .

C O N TRAC TIO N S —ARRAN G ED F O R L EARN IN G .

Word s ma rked a re written above the line .

Al to g et h er
5
su b j ec t
°
7 ra t h er or write r

t o g et h er ex p e c t-c d Ca t h olic 7
yt hi g h
w
u n e xpe c ted -ly
an n c a ra c t er

no th i g n W re sp ec t c d -
c h arac t eristic “

m t hi g
so e n des t ru c tion
t dan g er -
ou s

yt h i g K f)
o

e ver n ,
in s t ru c tio n m e ssen g er
a rc h itec t- a rea l
H o b e c tio n
j
i\ s tra n g er

n e gl ec t -e d be tte r t h a n m a n u sc rip t"\

f]
more t h an
a
t ra n sc rip t L.
ra th er t anh t ra n sf er
t
104 C ontra ctions .

C O N TRAC TIO N S .

AL PH A B ET I C A LL Y AR RAN G ED .

Word s ma rked a re written a bove the l ine .

Ac kn o wle dg e d - imp o ssible ” 79 n evert h el es s 4<

imp rac t ic abl e n ex t 9

a l to g e
n ot hi ng w
h it

t
an y i ng
im p roba bl e bly n ot wit h sta n din
g
a rc hi te c t u re -8 1

\O
A

l il it y
bj e c t
B et t er t h
Ev
an
o b ec t ion
j
Cat h 7ol i c
in c on siste n c y Pa rliam e nt
c h ara c te r
"
ar
y
-

” 0
in flu en c e p ec u lia r -i ty
c h arac t eristic
“
‘l‘ w
in fl u en ce d
Da n g er d
in fl u en t ial ”
p erf orm a n c e
O
in form a t ion *

d est t ion
in s tru c t ion l) ph on o gra p her \w/
\
’

ffi c ul t Y
i '

sin t e re st ed-n e s s
i
r
In tere st e d

irre g ul ar
T ‘
9 p h on ogra phic

p ra c tic e -d-c aJ-l

y
7

doc t rin e
K
'

I n g do m a: p m c a‘ bl e

dom e st i c ln ’
‘
p ro ba bl e -bl y
kn ow1e dg e 7 or

Enl arg e d -
+ ‘
P
M ag a zm e
p roba b il it y\
e sp ec ial - ly
p ro sp e c t
m an u sc n pt «
H
essen t ia l - l y L ,

m e ssen g er p u blic - sh - c d

e sta blish e d me n t
-

p u blic a t ion
hi mi sta ke at
n
b
e veryt ng
Ra t h er or

e x p ec t - e d writ er
G overn-c d ment -

Imm e dia t e m f
re or m -
ed A
n e er v re format ion
 105
C ontm ttzons
'

reform er h
som et i n g N tran sgre s sion b

\N
l m ou s [
rem a rkable-ly
un der s t a n d 3°
su b s c ribe
’
Q u n d ers to o d 1
‘

repre se n ta tion s u b s c rip t ion

—
0 3 ”

un ex p e c t e d -ly

\
o
0
i
s u rp ri s e ,

u n 1f or m i ty Z
-

rep u bl l c Tem p e ran c e L u nin flu e n t ia l

r
\A
rep u bl ic an u ni n t e re s ti n g

re sp e c t - c d to g e t h er un sat is f a ct ory

Re v eren d A t ra n s c rip t Wh a t e v e r k
S a tisf a c t ion 5 t ran sf er w h en e v er "

t
sa t isf ac to ry J? t ra n s gres s 3— 0 Y e st erday of

Ex e r c is e 68 .

wi E i co n ta i n s a ll th e Con tra c tions

Th e f ollo x erc se .
n g

i ‘
s

k m c

f
2 . c \
'
T
’
W L \ s
108 C ontra ctions .

Ex e r c is e 6 8 (con tin u ed ) .

( s
“

0 1

\v , \

f
N k /«
V fi o
\l / U ) k )
V
’
‘

\
L L X ‘
fi

Ex e r c is e 6 9 .

Th e f ollowing Ex ercise con ta ins all th e Cont rac tions .

“ K nowled e is is n ot a p ro v e rb w e are in
1 g p o w er
h
.

da nger o f fo rg et t in g, esp ec ia lly w en it is rep rese n ted h o w

rema rka bly w id e is it s pplic a t io n t o everyth ing w e d o

'

h h h h h
.

2 K n owledge w ic is essen tia l t o o u r ig e st w e lfare s ou ld

h
.

never b e n eglected ; never theless it is ess en t ia lly t ru e t a t t h e -

h
instru ction o f reveren d t ea c ers , a n d t h e doctri ne t e p u blish, -
hy
do n ot w it h un
if or mi y i fln
t n ence irregu la r l iv es so
g re a t l y as

t h o se in terested c ou ld w i h 3 s . . Reform in h
t is resp ec t, and

th e re orf ma tion (o f t h e) e vil, is t h e

-
n a tu ra l, w e m ay say t h e
cha ra cteristic a n d esp ecia l d es ire of e ve r y s in c e re r
eformer
h h
.

4 . We n ee d n o t t in k it imp ossible in t h e domes tic s

p ere ,

h o w e v er u n in flu en tia l to E
x e rc ise a p ecu l ia r influ en ce f or
h h
,

good 5 T is m a y b e f o u n d t o a v e
. . influen ced t h e cha ra cter
o f s o me mista ken o n e , a n d le d h im t o see t h emista ke (o f t h e)

l ife h e w a s le a d in g , an d t o d e c id e t o d o n oth ing fo r t h e

-

f u t u re t o w ic h h bj i o ect o n c ou ld b e t a k en t h at it w as incon
sistent w it h w h t i p a s ex ected : su c h c o n du c t w o u ld n ot be
u n ex
p ec t d e h wi
nor s o ncon sisten cy. 6 We ac knowledge t h e
h
.
,

t ru t ( of t h e) p ro v erb in resp ect t o th e-

Governmen t, and
 Cont ra ctions .
109

Ex e r c is e 69 (con tin u ed ) .

w h th
e e r- th e establis hed c o n s tit u t io n is t h a t o f a rep u blic , w it h
a p re sid e n t at-t he h ea d and rep ublica n in s t it u t io n s, or a

kingdom w it hp a rlia men ta ry ru le , the im po rt a n c e

pol it ic a l of

knowledge t o t h e -
e le c t o r is rea dil y u nderstood, a n d a ll p a rt ie s

a re u n a n i mou s in t h e ir eff o rt s ( if n ot e n t ire l y di i s n teres ted )

y f mi
.

to esta blish it 7 T h e lea d ers (of t h e) p a rt or

g th e
n

h
. .

Governmen t a re n a tu ra lly d es iro u s t inf orma t ion (o f t h e

‘
at

ac t io n sh y p f m wh i h m y
t e ib ter or i fi m c a c ont r u e to ts r er

h ld b p bli h d b h p bli i f p
,

bli h m
es ta s e nt , s ou e u s e u t- t e u ca t o n o an

f h i p li y i m y b h ght
,

ti lc u a rs o h fii i l
t ge r o c n -
t e o c a or an s a e t ou

i ti g
u n n teres h gh t imp b bl
n 8 I m y h v
t ou no ro a e t a a e,

f m h t
. .
,

i d d
n ee d iff a
p i t i ip
e re n td re c e t on ro t a an c ate or

th 9 Th gh h i m y
, ,

h
ra t er, m d p b bl
a n s ee et im ro a e. . ou t s a ,
no

p roba bly, g iv e t h e re v ers e o f sa t isf ac tion , a n d b e c o n sid ered

u nsa tisf a cto ry by Pa rlia men t , s t ill o n e ob jec t o f rep resen ta tive
ins t it u t io ns is t h at t h os e el ec t e d t o ru le s h ou ld
g iv e t o t h o se

th e y rep resen t th e most aut h en t ic inf orma tion p ublicon

e v en t s and t hi s is not imp ra ctica ble 10 I f n o t d o n e im

h
. .
,

media tely, t e re mu st b e g o o d reaso n s fo r neglect ing t h e

immedia te a n d regu la r p u blica t ion o f in teresting n ew s 1 1 An y
h
. .

inconsistency , o r a ny d ifiic u lty wha tever in t is resp ect, w ill

proba bly re su l t in da ngerous d isp u t es, o r t h e destru ct ion a lto -

geth er (o f t h e) Govern men t 12 Th e b re a k u p mig t n o t b e

. h
h
.

immed ia te, b u t it is not an imp roba bility t at lo ss of c onfi

d e n c e in t h e ir rep resen ta tion mig t le a d h s u pp o rt e rs t o tra ns
h
f er t eir a llegia n c e u n erp ec tedly a t t h e -
n ex t o
p po rt un ity t o
re
p resenta tives p ro m isin g m o re sa tisf ac tory t h in g s 1 3 I t is
. .

a p ecu lia rity o f p o p u la r rep resen ta t ion , a s w e u n de rsta n d it,

fo r w ic h hw e m a y b e th a n k f u l, t a t t h e d esire (o f t h e) h -

c ou n r t y wh p re sse d w it
en ex temp era nce a n d u na n imity , h
h
,

mu st b e resp ec ted 14 Gover n men t in a c c ord anc e wit

h
. .

pu blic feeling is bet ter th a n t h e m p t t o govern in o t er a tt e

wa y s; 1 5 N otwith sta nd ing t a t t is is more tha n e ver u nd er

. h h
 10 Contra ctions .

Ex e r c is e 6 9 (con tin ued ) .

stood, yet it ish t m i fl ti l l

re ma rka ble th t a so e n uen a ru e rs, ra er

th m k
an e i
a e ,h v f d h p p t f l
c onc ss o n s f a e ac e t e ros ec o o ss o

p w
o 1 6
er.T h w h t h t g f
o sel h l f o us ra ns ress ee t e resu ts o

h i t g i ; t h y h p f m d b d ly t h y h
.

t e r ra ns ress on e av e er or e a e ave

h d k wl dg wi h p w
a no e b t i m t b
e k wl dg d
t o er, u t us e a c no e e

hv
, ,

a ll w d it t p
e not a i lly
o el g h it l g d
o rac t ca en a r e, n o r as en a r e

t h i mi d
e r d t h imm d i
n s, a n l h b -
y hi g b
e e a te resu t as e en a n t n ut

p l t h
ea s a n
g h ,
m h
t i g w
ou h i h v sog m igh t
et n at c e en a s tra n er

f e el “K no wledge is p o w er is a p rac tica l ”

not su r
p rise 17
h whi h
. .

'

a n a rchitec t o r th e er ormer o f a n y a c t o f s k ill

t ru t c p f
rec o g n ize s in h is p erf orma nce, p honograp her o r s
and - t h e h o rt

h an d writer a ckn ow e l dges ia his p hon ograp hic pu rs u it s . 18 .

Th e la t t er k n o ws t o o , t h e im po rt a n c e of
per ins tru ction
p ro

h y
,

a nd p rac tice. 1 9 He . k n o ws t at- th e u n iform a c c u rac of

h is tra nscrip t d e pe n d s on h is o w n ab ilit y . 20 . I f—t h e ma nu

scr ip t is a ma gazine a rt ic le d e alin g w it h disin terested ness
’

u po n su c h a sub ec t a s- t h e
j Ca tholic f a it h ,
or w it h re lig iou s

a rch itec tu re, h e may n e ed w o rk s o f refe ren c e in a n y digi

cu lty. 21 . I f h e w ere t o subscribe—a n d a s ma ll su bscrip tion
w ou ld s ufli ce —a messenger w o u ld b rin g t h e m, when ever h e
d esire d t h e m, together wit h a rch itect u ra l d ra w in gs ; yester
da y, I e h e w as exp ec ted t o d o
m t o ld , so 2 2 T is is a h
h
. .

more p ra ctica ble w ay t an h e wou ld, in a ll p roba bility, h a v e

ad o t ed
p .

a mw .

1 . Wh a t g en era l p rin c ipl e o f c on t rac tio n m ay be e mplo yed

in w o rd s o f f re u en t o c c u rre n c eq
2 . In word s e n d in g in -a c t ion w h at c o n so na n t may be ‘

o mit t e d

3 . G iv e an illu st rat io n of th e omission of th e med ial c on

so n an t .

W h at d o es th e h oo k
’

n rep resen t as a c on t rac tio n t

1 12 P h r a seog r aphy .

f
O
i‘
th at you
th
V
o f c ou rs e at yo u a re
I will
o f c o u r se it is wh ic h
L—whi\ ch
you m a y
you c an

c a n n ot
[K wh ich yo u will

Awh i h
y ou
c c an n o t
y o u m ay
to m e wit h
y ou m u st

y ou m u st n ot l to t h em wit h it
will 7 wit h wh i h c
you

y ou will be i wit h t h m e

f l y ou will do c whe n

y ou a re
“

3 h ”

w en h e w as

he "
wh "
it
l
T en

h
h e t in ks wo u ld

w ou l d it
T
" “

h e wa s
h e may as , h as w ou l d be

h e wil l
h e woul d as it s h ou ld be
c o u ld n o t

f d o n ot
h a d n ot
we a re
did n ot
we h a ve
f or y ou
N w h v e n ot is it h
r for t is
e a -

A IL/ we h a ve see n Q
)
. is n ot f o r t is h
I a w ho

L it is 6 Wh o h a ve
5 w h o w ou ld
L it i n ot s
o ur o wn
5, wh o w o ul d n o t

F it is s a id
k
'

w h o woul d be so t h at

l
\ it s h oul d be i .
tha t

k it woul d be i t hat i s
1 14 P h ra seog rap hy .

Ex e r c is e 7 0 (con tin u ed ) .

Ex e r c is e 7 l .

Y ou w ill b e in t e re s t e d wh e n I t e ll yo u w e
1 - - ' - - -
h a v e se en
-

h h h h
.

so me (o f t h e) fi nes t sig t s e re , t o u g yo u m u s t n ot su p
- -

p o se w e- h a v e - s e en t h e m all 2 I t is - -
s a id , a n d - w e- t hi n k
h t h ey
. .

it is
- -
n ot imp ro b ab le, t at — -
w ill a rra n g e e x c u rsion s , S o a

t h at w e -
c an climb a t o ur- o w n c o n v en ie n c e s e v era l (o f t h e)

mou n t a in p ea k s 3 Th is is, -
o f- c o u rs e , v er y sa tis fa c t o r y
h
hmi hi b y 4 Y
. .
,

a n d - we o to t n- t e r ea u t o u - w ill - d o
pe se e e

y
. .

w ll t e m if y o- c o i i pp ie, f - ou c a n
-
t -
s an O o rt u n t o r c li m b in g
wh i h y w il l h dly h
"
c -
ou - g i 5 W ar av e a a n. e - c a n a rra n
g e fo r
w h il y h t yi h l; h
.

y ou , e ou a re -
ere, o s ta
-
n our o te w e a ve -

ab d un t m 6 I
an h i w y im w ill b
ro o n -t s- a no- t e -
e los t in
y
. .

g o in g t o you ,
-
and -
w e w ill see t h a t yo u a re pl e a sa nt l l o d g e d
- - -
.

7 . I f—
yo u h a ve a f rien d w h o w o u ld b e w illin g t o c o m e w it
- - -
h
yo u , a n d wh o w o u ld - -
n ot o b ec t j to c li mbin g , yo u ; c a n n o t d o -

b ett er t -
h b rin g h im ; it w o u l d b e
an - -
a g re a t d elig t t o u s h
to -
h vea h is co m p a n ; w eia re p le ased t o y se e y ou r f rie n d s:
8 I h a v e s e en
- - -
th e g u id e , a n d- h a ve so u g ht h is o
p in ion
h h
.

ab ou t -
th e e x c u rs io n s 9 H e t in k s t h e t im e
- -
c o se n is
h h h
. .

most su it a b l e , a n d f or t is - -
reaso n a l on e , t a t - t h e a t m o sp ere

is v er y c le ar he sa y th s at -
t h e t rip is o ne w ich h -
ca nn o t f ail
t o b e pl e a sa n t
-
10 O f c ou rs e it is a g rea t sa t isfa c t io n t o - - -

h h h
. .

ear t is, a s it is t h e f a c t , I t in k , in d e e d , it m u st b e
- - - - - -
1 13 P u n ctu a tion, etc. 3 0 6- 2 1 3

C H A PT ER X X V .

P UN O T UA T I O N , ET O .

2 06 ST O P S a re w ritt e n a s u su al , e x c e p t t h e PERIO D , fo r
h h y
.

w ic a s a l rea d ex
pl a in e d , a s ma l l c ro ss is u sed t h u s, x

h
,
”
Th e H Y P H EN is w rit t en t u s, f g well sp oken
-
the

DAS H t h u s, L Th e PA REN T H ES IS s t ro ke sh o u ld b e m a d e

a l it tle la rg er t h an a d o u bl e le ng t-
h u
p rig t h c o n so n a n t . In
s h thor an d c o rre sp o n d en c e
gn may b e u sed t o in di th e si
5
ca e t tha t t h e p re c ed in g s en t en c e is t o b e t a k e n u m o rou sl ; h y
a n d t h e N O T E O F I N T ERR O G AT I O N is b et t er re p res e n t e d

t h us 3 an d t h e N O TE O F EX C L AM AT I O N t h us l
h
K

2 07 . A C C E N T ma y b e s o wn by w rit in g a s ma ll c ross c lose

t o th e v o we l o f the a c c en t e d s yll bl
a e ; t h u s, X
5
a/r rows,
'

N
S“
a rose ,
'
m ren ew
'
.

208 EM P H AS I S is m a rk ed by d ra win g
. on e mo re lin es
or

u n d e rn ea t h ; a s in g l e lin e u n d er a sin g le w o rd m u st be
made w a v e -
lik e , M t o d ist in g u is hi t f ro m k
h
,

R
.

2 0 9 To M A . K AN I N I T I A L C A P I T A L d ra w t w o s o rt l ines
u n d er t h e w o rd ; t h u s 1
72; The Times, Abel
F h
.

2 10 IG U RES a re w rit t e n a s u su a l W en one a n d sir

h h h h y
. .

a re w ritt en by t em sel v es , f orm t e m t u s, 1 t at th e

m a y n o t b e mist a k en fo r s o rt h an d c a rac t e rs h h
h
.

211 N O M I N AL C O N S O N A N T —
In it ia l let t e rs s o u ld in al l
é?
. .

c ases b e w rit te n in Io n g h a nd ; as
’6
J E Smith
. . . Fo r
c ert a in pu rposes, h
o w e v e r, t h e p h o n o ra
g p ic h v o w el s c an

be h
w rit t e n wit ou t c o n so n an t s , by u sin g
1T a s o u t lin es

h avin g no s pec ifi c v a lu e s ; t h us
1 d,
1 h
T 1
i e

h y
, ,

(yes) . Th e st ro ke v o wels may b e st ru c k o rizo n t a ll

TH R O UG H th e no min al c o n so n an t , as
T b, u, 56 .

2 12 . F O R EI G N C O N S O N AN T s AN D Vo wELs
gut tural ch, Iris h gh ( h ,
ea rd a lso in G erm a n, Dut c h , Welsh,
 P unctu a tion, etc. 117

and ot h er la ngu a g es, ) is writt en t h u s, ch : as in

(
J
r
loch ( Sc o tc h ,
la ke) , Lough rea , f
‘é '

C logher,
ich ( G e rma n , I ) ,
da c h ( G e rm an , roo f) . Th e
Welsh ll, ( th e h
w isp ere d or b rea t h form of th e Englis h I,
lik e f an d c , wh and w, ) by i
f
ll t h us ,
"
2 Ll a n.
‘

F ren c h
n asal “ , F re n c h ad G n e rm a n v o w e ls c} jeu n e fl
, , Goethe,
ll dd
Ex e r c is e 7 2 .

sen tences i n s horth a n d a n d p u nc tu ate, in trod ucing all

S M A LL
with rega rd to word s i n it al ic, a n d
i n d ica n C a P I T A Ls .

Th e c h a ra c t ers e mp lo y ed in Io n g h and w rit in g are t oo

l en g t hy and c o m plic a t e d to ad mit of t h eir b ein g w rit t en
w it h n ea t n es s an d ex ed ition a n d
p mo s t o f u s h ave f el t t h e n eed

fo r so m e m ea n s of b rin gin g t h e O pe ra t io n s o f th e m in d an d

h an d in t o c l o se r c o rre sp o n d e n c e As t h e En g lis h Re v ie w
on c e t ru l y o b serv e d
“
Who h
t a t is m u c in t h e h h a bit o f

w rit in g h a s n o t O fte n w is h ed fo r so m e m ea n s of ex p ressin g

by two or th ree da sh es f
o the p en t ha w h i h
t c as h
t in g s a re it
re
q u ires su c h an o u t la y o f t im e d l b
an a or to c o mm it to

p ap er
”
I t is in d e e d m o s t s t ra n g h w
e t at e who ex c el ou r

p ro g e n it o rs so f a r in s c ien c e lit e ra t u re a n d c o mme rc e s h o u ld

c o n t in u e to u se the m o d e o f writin g w ic h h h yh t e ave h an d ed

do w n to us w it hbt u v er y ligh h g i h
s t c an es n t e f orm s of

t h e l et t ers t h o u gh by i ts com p l it y it m k h
ex a es a n d w rit in
g
so t e d iou s W h at c an be s
p o k e n in on e h ou r
'

c an o nl y be
writt en in h h d w i i b l by
six bu t t h e e x p e rt s o rt an r t er s a e

th f t h w i g ed f m
e u se o f Ph e g phy t k p p
n or s o o no ra o ee ac e

wi h t h w it i g h yg t '

t g I l
e t on ue i n et ter r n t ere s a v er rea

i g
sa v n f im wh o mm i t i e b w i en i co u n cat ons c an e r t t en n

Ph g phy i
on o d f i I gh d
ra d i
n st e ai f m o n on an an n v a r o us or s

of mp i i
co f m l gt h y
os ti lon t E ro w i i g th en a r t c es o PR CIs r t n e

syst e m s a v es t ime a n d effort M ay it pro ve it s ex c el len c e to

t h e rea d er
120 M eth od of P ra ctice .

y b e writ ten t wo h h
'

St l e c an or t re e t im e s as f ast as Ion g an d .

It is t o t h e p ra c t ise d rea d er mo re legible t an q u ic k l h y

writ t en Io n g h a n d Th e f ollo win g is a l ist o f p eri o d ic a ls
.

a n d b oo k s su it a ble f or t h e pu rp o se m e n t ion e d a bov e .

PI TM AN
’
S J O URN AL An Americ an mag azin e f o r I sa a c Pit m an
J
.

w rit e rs . Pu b l ish e d m o n th l y , ex c ep t u l y an d A u g u st . Y e a rl y
su b sc rip t ion , 50 c e nt s , p ost p a id S am p l e
. c op y f ree . C on t a in s
t wen t y f o u r
-
or more p a g es ( size , 7 5 x 92 in c l u d in g e ig h t

c ol u m n s o f b e a u t if u l l y en gra ved p h on og ra p h y, f u rn ish in g in val u

a bl e mea ns f o r st u d y a n d p ra c t ic e .

PI T M AN ’s SH O RTH AN D W EEK L Y .
‘

S u b sc rip t ion p er ye ar ;
50C f o r t h re e m o n t h s , p o st p a id
. S a mp l e f ree . . Ea c h n u m b e r
v
c onta in s t we l e p a g es o f sh o rt h a n d , w it h il lu s t ra t io n s . S t o ri es
a pp ear in e ve ry issu e , f o r w h ic h e d it ion s in o rdi n a ry p rin t a re

rea d il y o b t a in a bl e f or u se a s a key .

TH E PH O N O G RAPH I O READ ER, p ric e 20 e , c o n t a in s a c o u rs e o f .

sh o rt h a n d rea d in g ex erc ise s, wit h t h e k ey in o rd in a ry p rin t o n t h e

op p osit e p a g e .

TALES AN D SK ET O H Es, b y W a sh in gt o n I r in g , p ric e 40 e , c l ot h v .

bin d in g , 50c , w it h k ey in o rd in a ry p rin t a t t h e f o o t o f e a c h p a g e

. .

S ELEC T READ I N G S , N o 1 , p ric e 20e , c o n t a in in g s el ec t io n s f ro m

. .

Ha wt h orn e, Dic ken s, G old smit h , H u g o , A d d ison , et c .

SELF C U LTU RE, b y

-
J
o h n St u a rt Bl a ekie , p ric e 40 c , c l o th . 50c . .

E dit ion in o rd in a ry p rin t , wh ic h m a y b e u sed a s a key, p ric e 600

U
.

RO B I N S O N C R b y Da n iel De f o e , p ric e 60c , c l o t h , 7 5 0

S O E, THE . .

V I O AR OF W AK F v
E I ELD , by O li er G o l d s mit h , p ric e 50e , c l o th , 60c
J
. .

G uL LI V ER ’s V O Y AG E
’

LILLI PU T , b y o n a t h an S wif t , p ric e 40c ,

To .

cl o t h 5 0c . F
TH E B ATTLE O F LI E, b y C h a rl e s Dic ken s, p ric e 40 e , .

c l ot h , 5 0e . An y o f t h e ed it io n s of t h ese w orks in ord in a ry p rin t

ma y b e u se d a s key s .

TH E B O O K OF PS ALM S , p ric e 40c , c l ot h , 50c Th e t ex t f ol ro we d

V
. .

is t h a t “
of th e A u t h orize d ersion ” .

Ina d dit ion t o t h e met h o d o f ex e rc ise su

gg est e d
in p a r 2 13 , .

c on sid era bl e ge a d v a n ta will b e d eriv ed b y t h e s t u d en t

fro m rea d in g p rac t ic e in h h
s o rt an d , b y m e a n s o f t h e a b ov e

Work s If po s sible , t h e
. s t u d en t h
s o u ld p ro vid e a f rien d
fi it h a. Ion gh a n d e d it io n o f a n y work selec t ed , a n d g et h im
2 15 2 16 M et/t ad of P ra ctzcc 121
'

-
.

to c h ec k h is own rea d in g f ro m t h e s horth a nd v ol u me .

Th u s, a c o n sid era ble h

ins ig t w il l be Ob i ta n ed in t o t h e
f or ma t io n of p h on o h
g ra p ic o u t lines an d ph rases an d he
h
,

will a lso rec e iv e v a l u a b le t ra in in g in t h e rea din g of s o rt

h and n ot es . W h en Co py i ng p rin t e d ma t t er in t o Ph ono

g ra ph y t he st u d e n t is re c o mm en de d t o re f er t o
“
The
y
,

S h o rt h a n d Dic t io n ar ( pric e in t he c as e of

h h
,

d ou b t ful o u t lin es Th e Dic tio n a ry, . o w e v er, s o u l d n ot

be u se d t o sa v e t h e lea rn e r t h e t ro u b le o f th in king h o w t h e
h
w o rd s oul d b e w rit t e n
h
.

2 15 I t m u st b e rem e mb ere d t a t t h e s avi n g o f t im e an d

h
.

g rea t e as e in w rit in g a re not se c u re d by u s in

g oo k ed ,

rou ed , o r h al f s ize d let t ers o n all p o ssib le o c c a sio n s A

g p
-

h h
.

lo n g a nd fl o w in g ou t lin e is b e t t er t h a n o n e t a t is s o rt

bu t c ra m p ed ,
‘

W it h j o in in
gs t at c h h ec k t h e p en . For
in st a n c e, t h e lin e 7 ou t s ec o n d s minu te (six t
) is b riefer y
t o t h e eye t an
“
h
1 minu’te, bu t is n o t so q u ic k l w rit t en y
a n d t h e t w o st ro k e s in f menta l t a k e mo re tim e t an t h e h
h
t ree st ro k es in
“
V men ta l Th e rule fo r c o o sing o u t h
h
.

lin es s ou ld be s H ARP AN G L ES , F O RW ARD ; a n d, if p ossible,

a v o id c ross c u rv es a n d o b t use a n gles .

2 16 As in ra pid writing f ro m d ic t a t io n it is imp ossib le

y y
.

t o in sert ma n v o w els , a n d a s t h e a b il it t o f o llo w a p u b li c

s
pea k er h h
is t h e g oa l t o w ic e v e r ph o n p g ra p h er sh ou ld y
as p ire, t h e s t u d e n t , a s so o n a s h e c a n w rit e wit a c c u ra c , h y
s h ould a c c u st o m h im sel f t o w rit e o nl y th e ou t lin es or c o n

so n a n t s o f w ord s, an d
g o o v e r h is w ork a sec o n d t ime t o
insert v o w el s h
T is will t ra in h is h
a n d t o re o rt in , a n d
p g
h hy h
.

ac c u st o m h im t o rea d u n v oc al ize d P on og ra p W en

h y y h
.

he c an w rite w it a c cu ra c and fl u en c ,
an d s ou l d it be
h is d esire t o en t er th e ran ks of C o u rt or Leg isla t ive
p ort re

ing , h e may p ro c e e d t o t h e st u d y of the Report ing St le o f y

’
Isaa c Pitma n s S o rt a n d h h .
2 1 7-2 1 9 Writing in P osition .
129

C H A PT ER XXV” .

WRI T I N G
O

IN P O SITI O N .

217 W h en w rit in g ra p id l y it is imp o ssible t o in sert

h h
.

ma ny v o we ls Th is h a s b ee n re c o n ize d
g t ro u
g ou t , a n d

h
.

t he ru les of th e s yst e m a ve b e e n f o rm u la t ed , as fa r as

h
p o ssible , w it a v ie w t o t h e i nd ica tion O f t h e v o w els w h en
t h e y a re o m it t e d Th u s f o r ex a mple , it is p ro v id e d t h a t
.
,

w h ere t h ere is a n in it ial v o w e l t h e re mu st b e a n in it ia l

st ro ke c o n so n a n t , as in t h e w o rd s L a sh, esp y,

V assa il, etc . An d , in t h e sa m e w ay, w h e re t h ere is a

fi nal vo w e l t h e re m ust a lso be a fi na l s t ro ke -

c o n s on a n t,

as in t h e wo rd s ra cy, mo n ey, etc . In t h ese an d

s imila r w o rd s t h e p re s e n c e o f a n in it ia l o r fin a l v o w el is
i nd ica ted hy '

t h e o u t lin e o f t h e w o rd , w it ou t
'

h a c t u a ll y
w rit in g th ve o w e l s ig n F u rt h e r in st a n c e s of a lik e n a t u re

d ily h
.

w il l re a oc cur to th e st u d e n t , in c o n n ec t io n wit th e
Of u
ru l es fo r t h e w ri t in g p w a rd a n d d o w n w a rd l a n d r .

2 18 In a d dit ion to t h e f o re g o in g m e t h o d s o f v o w el sig

h
.

n ifi c a t io n , t e re is t h e w rit in g of c o n so n a n t a l ou t lin e s in
h
position , b y w ic h it is p o ss ibl e t o i n d ic at e t h e v o w e l o r t h e
p rin c i a l v o w e l in a w o rd
p As t e re a re t re e p osit io n s in h h
h
.

w h ic h t o p la c e t h e v o we ls w e n in se rt e d , so t h ere a re t h re e

p o sit io n s in w h ic h
t o p l ac e t h e c o n s o n a n t a l o u t line s wh en
th e v o w e ls a re o mit t e d T h e p o sit io n s a re n a med re ec
.
w
t iv ely p osit ion ,
fi rst secon d
p osi t io n , a n d th ird p osit ion ; t h e
fi rst b ein g a bove t h e l in e, t h e se c o n d on t h e l in e, and the

h
t ird throu gh t h eline ; t h us , 1, ooooooooo
l 2, 3, ”

I
2 19 . Wh en th e v o w el or
p rin c ip al v o wel in a w ord is a

9
130 Wf il ing in P osition .
220 224
1

fi rst-
p a ce vo l wel, th e o u t line f or t h e w o rd is w rit t en in t h e

fi rst p osition , ab o v e t h e lin e t h u s, 3 ga udy, L dock,

da ugh ter, ca rry, A la u gh .

220 . W h en t h e v o w el or p ri n c ipa l v o w el in a w ord is a

second-p la ce v o w e l, th e o u t lin e f or t h e w ord is w rit t en in

t h e seco n d p osit ion , o n t h e l i n e t h u s,

1] code
, M f a iry,
l debtor, Ck loaf .

l
”
.

22 1 . W h en th e v o wel o r p rin c i
p al v o w el in a w ord is a

th ird p lace-
v o we l, t h e o u t l in e f o r t h e w o rd is w rit t en in t h e
third p osition , t h ro u
g h th e lin e t h u s, “ 2 Lkeyed , f u ry ,

2 22 In wo rd s c o n sis t in g o f a h o rizon t al l e tt er p rec ed ed

h
.

orf o llo we d by a n u p ri g t o r sl o p in g le t t er, t h e l a t t er d e t er

min es t h e po sitio n O f t h e ou t lin e , t h e o rizon t al le tt er b ein g h
ra ised or lo wered as re qu ired ; t h u s, p ac k, p eck,
p ick; cap , ca
p e, ; 11 ‘ keep . Deriv a t iv e word s
s h o ul d c o m men c e in t h e sa m e
p o s it io n as t h e p ri ma r y
w ord t h u s, c ca re, ca re u l,
f \4 / a nyone,
\
f / a ny

an
ybody, no one, / nowhere,
fl nobody
x
.

2 23 T h ere is th ird p osition fo r w o rd s

no wh ose o u tlin e s

h y
h i d l tt
.

c o n sist of orizo n t a l le t t e rs o n l , or o f al f -
s ze e ers

o nl y or O f h orizon t a l l t
e j i d t h lf i d l tt
t e rs o ne o a -
s ze e ers .

h w d i
,

W h en th e v o wel or p i ip l
r nc w l i
a vo e n suc or s s a

h
t ird pl a c e v o wel , t
-
he tl i
ou i w itt
ne i h s d r en n t e secon

p osition , o n t h e l in e t h Q
u s,
“
J Q k i k;
sa n c, / su n , q, s n

fl» sta nding,
h ten dered ,
(
7 ma tted,
x sp lin tered
”“
; ga lla nt ,
kilt ; l ma ted , meted
”
_ f colt, 7
hh
.

Word s
’

224 . in w h ic h t h e d ip t ong i is a c c en t e d a re

writt en in t h e fi rst p osition ; as higher, i f ? guida nce .

W h ere hh
t h e d ip t on g ow is a c c ent ed , t h e ou t l in e of the
word is writt en in t h e third p osition ; as, p rowl M .
132 Writing in P osition .

vo wel s, w o u ld n ot be c om en s a t e d by g reat er e ase in

p
rea d ing .

Ex e r c is e 75 .

The words in ita lic a re to be written in p osition , a bove, on , or

through the l ine ; words not in i ta lic a re G ra mma logu es ( Cor

resp on ding S tyle) . T his a nd the f ollowing Exercises shou ld be

ra c tised u n til they ca n be written at 90 or 1 00 words p er
p
minu te Th e ma rk
. indica tes a d ivision of thir ty words,
a n d will be f ou n d helpf u l to the d icta tor when rea d ing a t a

iv n a te er min u te
g e r p .

If yo u wish t o write a t a high yo u mus t rea d a n d

ra te,

master t h e ru les so a s t o f ollow t h em

f u lly, a n d b e able t o
app ly t h e m o n al l occa sion s . I f ee l t h at yo u c a n n o t f a il t o
al l in t o t h e t ru e a nd p ro pe r wa y if y o u w ill on ly try Th e
f .

race is t o t h e su re a n d n o t to th e strong Do n ot ta rry by

h
.

t h e wa y Re me mbe r t h e f a ble of t h e f eeble torto ise t a t ou t

h
.

stripp ed t h e ha re Ma ster one t in g at a t ime , and

yo u a re

h
.

su re to win . Set a p a rt fo r st ud y a s ma ll portion o f ea c

da y H a ve p a tien ce Rome w a s n ot bu ilt in a da y High

h
. .

h ills grow less a s w e a scend t h e m Th a t w h ic is ligh tly .

ot is little va lu ed I f y o u w o u ld get gold , y ou must dig

g .

deep ly : it is n o t got on t h e su rf a ce ei ther c a n y o u en ter

v

h
.

on t h e p ossession Of lea rn in g w it ou t me opp osition

so If . ,

you w ou l d obta in a h igh p ositio n, y o u m ust n o t b e bea ten by

w h at is d iffi c u lt . y
Let o u r letters b e n ea t a n d light ; a l arg e
a nd hea vy style wa stes time . S t ill yo u mu st n o t write t oo
sma ll Th e best p la n is t o co
p y t h e p la in models in p rint
h y
. .

Ta ke c a re t a t o u r ou tlin es a re well s a ced

p Crowded wr it
h h
.

ing is n o t ea sy to rea d Ta lce p ossess ion O f t e se h in ts wi t

y
. .

ou t op p osi tion . Th e a re mea n t f o r yo u I t is my in tention

y
.

to ma ke yo u a g oo d w rit er K eep ou r ou tlines n ear t h e

y
.

line DO n ot lea n t o o hea vily o n t h e desk

. K eep o u r wrist
h
.

up a n d rest o n t h e middle o f t h e a rm T is is a ma tter u p on .

 Writing in P osition .
13 3

Ex e r c is e 7 5 (con tinued ) .

h h y
w ic ouw ill d o well t o p onder wit c a re h Th e line u p on
whi h y h h
.
.

c ou write is a roya l road a long w ic even a steel p en

can t ra vel in f ine style It is p lea sing t o wa tch a p en f ly
h
.

a ft er ag oo d sp ea ker See . h o w it keep s p ace wit t h e stea dy

flow o f w o rd s , an d s top s a t a momen ta ry p a use . M a rk h o w

I t h e ligh t step in crea ses t o a trot,brea ks t o a ca n ter, loiters,
ma kes a n other p a u se ; and then , as if sudden ly ta kin g lea ve of

rea son , g o e s ra cing a wa y in a ma d mood, w it leap s an d h

bou nd s, f o r s weet life, like a h u n ted deer bef ore t h e hou nds I .

da resa y t h atyou w ill smile a t m y choice O f s imile, b u t some

da y you ] will, if yo u choose, k now t h e joys o f t h e chase.
(4 00 w ord s .
)
Ex e r c is e 7 6 .

To be written in p osi t ion . The vowels ma rked in ita lic shou ld

be in serted .

We h ld
s ou n eit h pt
er ac ce an y h i
t d pt
eo r es nor a o a ny

v ie ws , hw o ev e r vo u l bl t h ad e e t
vo c a e s o f h m yb su c a e , e x c ep t

we a re c on v in c e d h t h y
t a t e a re a u t h i d dh b
o r ze an ave e en

wh i y w
,

t est e d and a t t e st e d by t h o se u pon o s e v e ra c t e c an

re l y o r u n l ess o ur o w n reaso n a p p ro v e s of t h em and we

h h hy h
,

ha ve a m p le p ro o f t a t t ou
gh t e m ay a v e so m e d e fe c t s,
t hi
e r a d o p t io n will b e v a l ua ble t o u s in t h e m a in , t a t w e h
m a y e mp l o y h t e m t o t h e be n e fi t O f o u rsel v e s a n d o t h ers , an d

th h y will b
at t e e rea d il y a v a ila b le on o c c a sio n s o f n e c es

si yt N m t O a te r h o w p p o sit e th e
a a rg u m e n t s may a pp ear
wh i h
.

cdd a re a u c ed to m o v e u s f ro m a n O pp o sit e O p in io n , we
sh ld b ou d e as a a m a n t in t h e f ac e of an y d e ma n d u
pon t h e
f li g
ee wh i h
n s, c o ur rea so n d o es n ot s a n c t io n . T h us, a n y

h i w ill ly d i th
.

a t tem p t t o t e m pt us t o f o o lis act on s on en n e

f ail u re Of the t mp t
e W l h b
er d w d wit h e ave ee n en o e

d wy b v t h wi h wh i h t h
.

men t al f a c u lt ie s a r a n f a a a o e o se t c e

lo wer a n imals a re e n u d ed i d th t w m y p t t , n or er a e a ro ec
18 4 Wr iting in P osition .

Ex e r c is e 7 6 (con tin ued) .

ou rsel ves fro m our en e mies, an d ma y a dd to in ess

o ur
p h ap .

It is a f ac t , h o wev er, h t a t su c hi s t he e ff ec t o f pe rsu asio n

up o n so me p ers o n s o f w ea k will t h at t h yb
e ec o me as m ere
w a x in t h e h and s o f th ose w h o w ou l d l u re t h e m t o mm .

W it h su c hp e o pl e it seem s o n l y n ec essa r yf or a fl u en t rogue

to i ng
a d va n c e a n a l l u r pro sp e c t O f a n a ffl u ent positio n a t i
litt le c o st , a n d th e y fa ll a t o n c e , w it ou t a d e fe n c e , int o h
t h e t ra p s et fo r t h e m Is n ot h
t is t h e s ec ret O f a l most e v er y
h h
.

su c c e ssfu l f ra u d w e a ve ea rd or re a d o f in an y n a t ion

T h e re a re, a las , t oo m an yp e rso n s w h o ma k e it h

t eir v o c a

t ion or a v o c a t io n in life t o d u pe o t ers l ess ab le a n t em h th h

selv es T hyh e a ve n o
] f eelin s O f
g on or o r else w o uld h
y h hy
.

n ot on t h e f a ilin g s of t aro u n d . T e d e spise

p re o se

v era c it y a nd mou n t s a l mo s t t o vorac

t h e ir g re ed f o r g o ld a

h y h
,

it y . . To O b t a in p o sse ssion o f w e a lt t h e m a k e lig t O f

y
e v er o ppo h
sit ion , a n d a re sl o w t o a d mit t e mse lv es b ea t en

Th y t h hy p
.

e t l b
a re a v e rse d y o on es
p i a or an et t e s a re n o a ns

yt t t
,

t b o m ec o d i h
e v ers e i g t n t e c u nn n a r s n ec essa r o ex rac

m y f m th
on e i i im
ro d t i t
e r v ct hm l f m s an o ex t r c a e t e se ve s ro

th e q c o n se f th ill g l
u e n c es O ti Th y d i ei r e a ac on s. e ev se a

pl t d
o , an d h mblun f
er d i
t hy p
e se anc e O a v c e, t e o e ra t e o n

d li y f ig d h i g
,

th g e d a d re e n t p
c re u t o n o ra n ers o n s, an av n

t h w t h m ff t h i g
ro n e d l d h m i
O f li h d
e r uar ea t e nt o oo s a ven

T ly y ily p t d
,
“
t u res A f l ru d hi m oo an s on e a re eas ar e
”

W h ld h t m h imp hm
. .

e s t t ou no a tac t oo uc o rt a n c e o a sc e e

b it i i
e c au s e d d wi h s fl
n t ro i h f f i w d
uc e t a ou r s o a r or s, n o r

s h ld w t h y p l iv ff i with t Ifi
ou e ou c an s b ec u a t e a a r ou rs t su

j ti g it t
ec n t mi
o an i If w
a c c u ra e ld ly ex a na t o n . e c ou on

ex a mi th ne l t e f f il
a n n ua d ly th i
re u rn s o a u res a n a na ze e r

w
c au ses , h ld fi d h t m y
e s ou t ib t b l t
n t
] a an a re a tr u a e o an

u tt ber a f j dgm t i
se n c e o h d t f b i
u d
en n t e c on uc o us n ess , a n

an o ver- c onfid i h i ty d h
en c e ty fn h ( 500)
t e n ce an o n es o ot ers .
13 6 N a mes f F y
o if t P rincipa l C ities .

FI T F Y PRIN C IPAL C ITIES ARRAN GED AC C O RDIN G

TO PO PU LATIO N .
—C EN SU S O F 1 900 .

N ew Y
k (N Y ) J
or . . To l e d o h
( O io)
h
C ic a g o (Ill ) L . Al leg h y (P
en a .
) L ,

h
P ila d el ph ia ( Pa ) .

C ol u mb u s ( O h io) Z
S t Lou is (M o
.
) 7 .
W o rc es ter ( M a ss
) (p
B o st on M
( ass ) S y ra c u se (N Y) f
a

W
.

"
.

B a lt imore (M d ) N e w Ha v e n K
m (C o n n )
.

h
. .

C le v e la n d ( O io)
Pa t ers o n (N J)
Y)
. .

B u ff al o (N . .

F a ll River (M a ss )
S an F ra n c is c o
( C a l ) Q9 _ .
St J p h (M o se o
)
h
. .
-

C in c in n at i ( O io ) Q;h
] O m h (N h )
,

\ 7
[
a a e
Pit t sb u rg (Pa ) x
"
.
.
°
f 7
‘
f
Los An g el e s ( C al )
N e w O rl ea n s (La ) \ 4 V .

Det roit ( M ic lI ) l
]
.
Memph i s (Ten n ) .
N

I O

M “ fl
o

ilw a u k e e (W is ) f f Sc ran t on (Pa ) .

Wa s hi n g t on (D C ) . . Lo w e ll ( M a ss ) 7

N e w a rk ( N . J) .
V

L Alb a n y (N Y ) . .

J e rse y C it y (N . J) . Ca m b id g (M
r e )
a ss

(K \ f
}
Lo u isville y .
) f Po rt la n d ( O re .
)
Mi nn ea p olis Mi ) W At la n t a ( G a .
) N
Mi h )
nn .

G ra n d Ra pids (
Pro v id e n c e ( R I ) \ c

J y (O h i )
. .

Da ton o

In d ian ap oli s (In d .

) W Ri h m d (V ) 4
c on a

y (M ) 1
.
,

N h v il l ( T
K a n s as C it o
)
.

l (M i W
as e en n .

S t tl (W h ) f
S t Pau .
) nn .

Ro c h est er (N 6 /
ea e as .
,

) 1
.

Hart ford ( C o nn
L°\
.

Denve r ( C olo ) Readin g ( Pa ) 4

.

.
,
 B usiness Letters .
13 7

B U SIN ESS LETTERS .

“

1
Y y
.

MR EDW ARD AT K N e w o rk C it IN S O N ,
Y
.

Dea r Sir — o u r f a v o r O f t h e 2 l st in st rec eiv ed , a n d

.

h y
. . .

c o n t e n t s c are f ul ly n o t ed W e t a n k you v e r mu c h fo r
y
.

o u r pro m p t re ply t o o u r c o m m u n ic a t io n a n d t rust w e ma y

s e c u re so me o n e a t a n ea rl d ay y
h y
.

T a n k in g yo u for o u r k in d n ess, w e a re,

o u rs t rul , Y y
2
R h
.

MR B E VE H
G rLB ERr, C ic a g o , Ill
‘
'
LY
Dea r S ir — y y
. . .

W e re c eiv ed t h e b o o k s f orw a rd ed esterd a ,

a n d e n c l o se e re w it h
re mit t a n c e in
p a me n th y
y y
.

Th a n k in g you f o r o ur v e r p romp t a t t e n t io n t o t h e o rd e r,
a n d h o ping t h a t w e m ay be a ble t o d o some t ing f or yo u h
in t h e f u t u re, w e a re,
Ve r t ru l o u rs , y yy
3
h h
.

MEs sn s J G o s s S o n s, Rac e St
P ila d el p ia , Pa
Gen tlemen —W e b eg t o re t u rn yo u e re w it h hy
. . .
.
,

o u r re mit

h
.

t a n c e re c e iv e d t is m o rn in g, sinc e yo u n eg le c t e d t o e n d orse
y
t h e mo n e o rd er in ou r f a v o r, a n d t ere f o re we c a nn o t re h
c e ip t y
o u r b il l

y y
.

K in d l g ive a t t en tion a t ou r c o n ven ie n c e a n d ob lig e

Y y y
.

o u rs v e r t ru l ,

4 .

MR M H DA V I S, St Lou is, M o
Y y
.

—
. . . .

Dea r S ir : t h e 23 d in st d u l
o u r c o u rt e ou s f a v or of
h
.

v
re c ei ed , a n d w e ave t o t h a n k
yo u f o r t h e e n c l o sed c o r
re sp o n d e n c e w it h t wo p ro sp e c t i e s t ud e n t s We a re w rit v
h y y h
.

in g t em v er f u ll t o d ay, a n d o pe t o e n ro ll t h em l a t er o n
-

Y y y
.

o u rs v e r t ru l , (50)

For addit ion al

is recomme nd ed .
p ra ct ice,
“
B
C orres po n den ce in S h o rth a n d. N o 2
us in ess
T h e work is K eyed in o rd in a ry t ype, a n d th e ma tter
.

vided in to sec tions f or speeding 40 p p Price. 25 c ents

. . .
13 8 B usin ess l etters.

5
M J Y M
.

ES S RS PL ATT O C E, B ost on , a ss.

—Wi h i g y
.

Gen tlemen s n t o su b sc ri be f o r t h e w eek l Ph o

n et ic J
o u rn a l, I w ou ld lik e t o g e t o u r c l u b ra t es fo r sa
y, six y
o r o n e d o zen c o pies, f or six mo n t s Pleas e s t at e w e n t h e h . h
vol u m e c o mm en c e s
h y y
.

T is in fo rma tio n a t a n earl d a t e wil l g rea tl ob lig e ,

Y o u rs t ru l y ,

6 .

MR C ru s E SM I T H , B al t imo re, M d
y
Dea r S ir —Refe rrin g t o o ur in u ir q y g di g di t
. . . .

re ar n sc o u n

y h t w h il ly
,

w b g
e e to sa li t i b l
t a w will e ou r s s a so u t e ne t , e

a ll w yo p ou h dio ur e x f 2} p t
o rt t c as sc o un t o e r c en en
y ,
.

d y a W w ld b pl
s. e d ou i d e d ea s e t o rec e ve ou r o r er, an
re m i a n, Y t ly ( 5 0) o u rs ru ,

7
L R R B 100 M i St C l l d O hi
.

M R O ER T S, a n e ve a n o.
S i —B y d i f h Lib
. . .
.
, ,

D i i f C I
rec t o n o t
‘

ea r r: e ra r a n o on re ss ,
g
h v th h
a e e l yo n orc py f to d f p y ig h
e n c o se ou o o rec o r or c o r t
N o f 1 90 1 d th o l f hi ffi d wi h
un er e s ea o t s O ce an t
mp p p ly ffi d
.
,

th e rev e n ue s t a ro er a xe

Y f fif y
.

mio u r re h b
tt an c e o pp p i t d t c en t s as ee n a ro r a e as
fee f m o r sa e. R p f lly ( 60) es ec t u ,

8
C V B ff l N Y
.

M n 0 K O ERT , u a o,

S i —I h wit h bill f b ip i t
. . . . .

D ea r l r
y en c o s e ou e re or su sc r t on o
B illi g M n h ly G id
’
s o nt u e.

M yI k y
a t k i d ly mit h k if
as ou oi t f n re c ec c on v e n e n or
th e m a h i will b vi
ou n t , a s ll b y t s ll o ate a ca
,

ou r c o
,

e c t ors,

wh p id by l y
o a re a d by mm i i sa a r ll i an no t co ss o n o n c o ec t o n s .
T h i will b d ly pp
,

s i d e u a re c a t e
Y y t ly
.

o u rs v e r ru ,

9
YA S S F i Cl
.

M R H EN R IM S , an ra n c s c o , a
S i —M W illi m W d h mpl y d i t h i
. . .

D ea r r b r. a oo as een e o e n s
o ffi d i g h l t h
ce ur n m h t g ph
e as d typ
t ree ont s a s st en o ra er a n e
w i r d h
t e r, a n ig d h i p i i e res l ily Hi w k
ne s os t on v o u n t ar s or

g ph
.

a s st e n o h b ra
p id der f l d hi w k
as een ra an c a re u an s or
on th yp w i e t m ly
t e r t er ex re e n ea t
,

i g t hi i f m i ti f t y w
.

T ru st n w ill b s n or a t on e sa s a c or , e are
Y ly ou rs t ru ,
140 B usiness Letters .

14
M Y Y
.

ES SR S IS AAC PITM AN SO N S , N e w ork , N

y y
.

G en tlemen —Rep l ing t o o u r let t er o f t h e 1 2 t h inst , I

. .

h F
.

“
w o u d st a t e t at w hile t h e p a p er in
l o no S eries N O 5 .

n o t e b oo k is o f e x c el le n t q u a l it y t h e b o o k s u s e d in t h e
M h h
-
,

Ex ecu t iv e a n sio n a re f urn is e d t h rou g t h e G o v e rn m en t

Prin t ing O ffi c e , a n d a re ma d e e s pe c ia lly t o m e et t h e re u ire q
men t s O f t h is o ffi c e a s t o size, st iff ness O f c ov ers , a n d o t er
.
h
d et a ils
h y y
.

T a n k in g yo u f o r ou r c o u rt es , b elie v e me,
er t ru l ou rs , V y yy
15
M
.

MR A W SP EN C ER , i lw a u k ee W is
h h
. . , .

Dea r Sim —W e c a n f u rn is le t t er
.

e a d in an d l e tt ers
gs
-

w it h a u t o g ra p h
lik e t h is o n e ,
S ig n a t u re , at

at Th is o u g h t t o in t e re s t yo u W e w e re .

p io n ee rs a s p ro d u c e rs O f f a c s imile l e t t e rs , a n d n o w m a k e
h
-

t e m b y f o ur me t h o d s, g iv in g , w h e n d es ire d t h e p re ss
'

y h y
,

c o p ied e ff e c t Th e p ric e s v a r w it t h e m e t h o d e mpl o e d

h h
. .

Th is w a s p ro d u c e d b y t h e c e ap es t m e t o d
h Y y y
.

S all w e c a l l o n you ou rs v e r t ru l ,

16
J h
.

MR AM ES L HO O P ER , 5 0 N e W Y ork Av e , Was in gt o n , D C
'

— y y
. . . . .

Dea r S i r I n c o m p lia n c e w it h o ur re q u es t o f ye e d a s
s t r
’

d a t e , w e e n c los e e re wit h h
bill f o r su bsc ri p t io n t o T h e
h
B la c k C at W e a v e b egu n t h e sa me w it o ur N ove mb e r, h
h
.

1 901 , issu e , a s t h e f o rme r s u b sc ript io n e x pire d w it th e

O c t ob er, 190 1 , n u m b er O n e c o py e ac o f t h e N o v em be r h
h
.

a n d De c em b er issu e s a v e b ee n m a il ed t o d a
y
h h
-
.

W e w is t o t a n k you f o r c o n t in ue d i nt erest in our

p ap er, a n d rem ain , Ver re s p e c t f ull , (8 0) y y
17
M
.

ESS R S T H H AR T C o , N e wa rk , N J
y h h
.

Gen tlemen —Re p lyin g t o

. . . . .

o u r f a v o r o f t e 20t ins t , I
'

h
.

w ou ld s ay t a t a n o t h e r e dit io n O f m y b o o k h a s n o t b e e n
p rin t e d S in c e o u r c orre spo nd e n ce reg a rd in g a d v e rt ising .

Ha v ing c o n t ra c te d fo r t h e pro d u c t io n o f o n e o f my O pe ras

d u rin g t h e c o min g se a so n , I h a v e b ee n c o mp elle d t o d e v o t e
a ll O f m
y t ime a n d a tt e n t io n t o it s c o mple t io n , a n d t h e re
h h
fore ave h ad n o t ime t at I c ou ld g iv e t o t h e p a m ph let
Y y y
.

o u rs v e r t ru l , ( S OY
 Business Letters .
141

18
y y
.

TH E J AM ES R TO W ER C o , J e rse Cit , N J . .

G en tleme n — Ref errin g t o o u r l et t e r O f t h e 2 6t h in st , we

. .

h yF
.

w o u ld a s k i f yo u d o n o t w is u s t o se n d you a Sa fet ire

B uc k et Ta n k o n a ppro v a l, w ic yo u m a y re t urn w it o u t h h h
ex pe n s e if f o r a n y re a s o n yo u d o n o t a d o p t it
y
.

W e ma k e y o u t h e a b o ve p ro po sit io n k n o w in g th e Sa fet
F y
ire B uc k e t Ta n k is t h e v er best fi re p ro t e c t io n ob t ain a b le ,
a n d w e w a n t t o c o n vinc e yo u o u rs t ru l , .
( 8 0) Y y
19
J
.

MR H W AL K ER , Lo u isv ill e, K y
. .

Dea r S in —Replying t o yo u rs o f th e 7 t h , we b eg t o say

. .

h
t a t t h e e x p o rt d is c ou n t o n o u r Ad v a n c e d A lbu m is ex
t re mely sma l l T h e se b o o k s a re m a d e a b ro a d , a n d u p o n
h h y y
.

w ic w e h a v e t o p a y a d u t , c o n seq u e n t l w e c a n n o t d o
an y b e t t e r f o r y o u t h a n
h
I f t es e t erm s a re s at isf a c t o r , we s h all b e p lea se d t o y
sen d y ou t h e Al b u m .ou rs t ru l , ( 8 0) Y y
20
Mi Mi
.

MR G EO R G E H REED , n n e a p olis, nn

y
. . .

Dea r S in — Rep l in g t o y ou r est ee m e d f a v or o f t h e 1 5 t h

in st w e w ish t o c a ll a t t en t io n t o t h e o rt o n B u ild in
g, M
,

J y
.

1 1 07 1 16 a mes St ree t , w h e re w e a re O ff erin g part ic u la rl

d esirab le o fiic e s a t m o d era t e ren t s O win g t o t h e in t e rio r .

a rra n g e me n t , w e a re p re p are d t o O ff e r u n u su a lly l ig h t

O ffi c es O f t h e d e s ire d size , sin g l o r o t h erwis e, w ic w ill y h h
b e s u b d iv id e d t o su it yo u r s pec ia l re q uirem en t s
h
-
.

W e a ve a n O ffi c e o n t h e p re mise s
y yy
.

Ve r t rul ou rs,

21
M
.

ES S RS JO H N W I LL ARD C o Provid en c e R I
—Aft e r sen d in g yo u t h e c u t o f S ir Isa a c Pitm an
.
,
. . .
,

G en tlemen
s o m e t ime a g o w e h a d o c c a s io n t o u s e it a g a in in b o o k
f o rm, a s w e w ere g e t t in g o u t a d ic t io n a r o f d is t in g u is h ed
.
y
e d u c a t o rs By m ist a k e o f t h e e n g ra v er t h e p ic t u re w a s
.

ma d e f u ll s ize, in st ea d o f c irc u la r size a s o rd ered Th e c n

h h y
.

g ra ver b ille d it t o u s a t I t o u g t p o ss ibl you

h
mig t b e ab le t o u se it ou rs v er t ru l ,
. Y
( 8 0) y y
142 B usin ess Letters .

22
M
.

ESSR S SC O TT 85 S C O TT , I n d ia n a p olis, In d
y
.

Gen tlemen —T h e c o p o f le tt er en c lo se d is int erest ing I n

.

h
t a t it c o n st it u t e s o n e O f t h e la rg es t a d v e rt isin g O l d e rs e v e r
l d in a p e l io d lc a l b y a t o u rist a g en c y I t s sp e c ia l
h h
ac e
p .

st ren g t lies I n t h e f ac t t a t it is t h e resu l t O f t ria l a n d te s t in g

h y y
.

’
Re me mb er t a t He n r G a ze S o ns a d ve rt isin g c a n o n l
b e o f int e rest t o p e op le O f m ea n s
h h
.

Is t is t h e s o rt o f fa milies yo u w a n t t o re a c 1
er t rul o urs, V y yy
23
B C it y M
.

TH E H O M E PU L I S HI N G C o , K a n sas o
— y
.
,
“
Gent lemen
”
Th e . S un d es ires t o rec eive all o f o u r
u b l ic a t io n s a n d a n n o u n c e m e n t s a s issu e d
p
y
.

I n e ver d ep a rt m e n t o f le a rn in g a n d l et t ers , c omp e t en t

c rit ic s h a v e be e n re t a i n ed a s I e v ie w e rs Ev e r T h u rs d a a . y y
a g e w ill be d ev o t e d t o b oo k s a n d b o o k n e ws
p .

I t is t h e in t e n t io n o f t h e Su n t o re vie w a ll b oo k s, irre
sp e c t iv e o f l a ng u a g e o r su b e c t , t a t a re w o rt j o f n o t ic e , h hy
a n d ea rl y
e d it o ria l C op ies a n d
p a rt ic u la rs re g ard in
g t h em

w ill b e a p p l e c ia t ed
y
.

T o insu re p ro m p t a t t en t io n , c o mm u n ic a tion s u po n lit era r

h
m at t ers S o u ld be a dd resse d t o Dr G u v C a rl e to n Lee , Th e
y y
.

S un B ui lding .
Ve r t ru ly ou rs , ( 1 00)
24
M
.

MR S A LU C AS S t Pa u l , in n
Y
Dea r S im — o u r se v e ra l c o mm u n ic a t io ns in re ga rd t o
. . . . .
,

h
t e a c e rs , d u l t o y h
a n d, a n d w e a re c o mm u n ic a t in
g w it h
h
t e m a s soo n as re c e ived W e t h a n k yo u v e r mu c for y h
y h
.

ou r k in d a t t e n t io n , a n d b e a ble t o s e c u re
t ru st w e s a ll

t h e serv ic es o f a fi rst c l ass m a n a t a n e a rl d a t e

-
W e re g I et y .

v ery mu c h t h a t Pro f H o l mes is o b li e d t o lea v e u s, as h e

g
y
h as in e v e r w a y re n d ered v a lu ab l e se rv ic e , a n d is a fi rst
h h y
.

c l ass t ea c e S ou ld h e re c ov er, a p osit io n w ill a l wa s b e

O p en t o h im e re h
W it b e st w is es, h h
Y y
.

ou rs t ru l ,

25
M M h Y
.

ESSRS R PERRY & C O N Roc est er,

Gen tlemen —Y o u w ill n o t ic e o n p a g e 26 o f t h e eb ru a r F y
. . . .
, . .

F h h
.

n u mb er o f
“
o reign T ra d e t a t t h e w rit e u p t a t yo u
y
-

were giv en in t h e J a n u ar n u mb er 18 repeat e d .

1 44 B usiness Letters .

29
h
.

MR C S AU S TI N , C ol u mb u s O io
h
.
,

Dea r Si m — W e re t u rn you e re wit h

. . .

the o u tlin e of th e
w o rk o ff e re d t o u s, a n d w o u ld sa y t a t w e a v e d isc uss e d h h
t h e ma t t er wit h M r Pa y n e W e f e e l t h a t w e o ug t t o se e
. . h
t h e p roo f S h e e t s o f t h e b o o k b e f o re c o m in g t o a n y d e c isIon .

W e d o n o t fe el ju st ifi e d in ma k in g a n off e r o n so S lig h t a
b a sis f or ju d g m xn t as t h is o u t line a ff o rd s
h
.

I f yo u w ill f u rn ish u s w it p ro o f s h ee t s a n d giv e u s t ime

h
t o rea c a d e c isio n , w e s a ll b e g la d t o c o n sid er t h e ma t t e r h
wit h c a re . o u rs v e r t ru l , Y
( 1 00) y y

M ESS R S J F
TH O M P SO N 85 C o , W o rc e st er,
AM ES a ss M
y y
. . . .

G en tlemen O f c o u rse yo u k n o w t h a t fo r n e a rl six t

y Y y h
-

ea rs t h e N e w o rk W e e k l T ribu n e h a s e ld fi rs t p o sit io n
in t h e U n it e d S t a t e s a s a n a t io n a l f a m il n e w s p a p er fo r y
f a rm ers w h o k e e p a b rea s t w it h t h e t imes , a n d in t o u c h w it h
t h e la t e st f a rmin g m e t h o d s a n d imp ro v e me n t s
y
.

Th e T Ii W eek ly Trib u n e is a n in fa n t o n l a lit t le o ver a

-

y ear o ld , b u t w it h
a reg u l a r c irc u la t io n o f o v e r
c o p ie s a m o n g t h e b es t p e o ple in sm a ll t o wn s a n d v il la g e s ,
main l in t h e y M
idd le a n d Ea st ern S t a t e s T h e p ric e f or
y
.

o n e in s e rt io n o f a n a d v e rt ise m e n t in b o t h e d it io n s is se v e n t

c en t s p er lin e W rit e f o r e st ima t e o n a d dit io n al insert io n s,

’

h
.

a n d o t er in fo rm a t io n

y yy
.

Ve r t rul ou rs,

MR S S B N O L E S B yrac u se, N Y
Dea r Mad a m —Ea rl y h
. . . , . .

we w ro te yo u ab out la s t m o n t
ren e w in g y
o u r s u b sc rip t io n t o H o m e N ee d l e wo rk a a zin e,
g M
w h ic h e x p ire d w it h t h e issu e O f O c t o b e r, 1 90 1 Y ou a re
h y
.

ave
on e o f t h e fe w w h o
p ro b a bl n o t h a d t im e t o s e t o
e

h
t is m at t e r If p o ssible , w e w il l a ppre c ia t e o ur se n din g y
y
.

ou r re n ew a l o n rec ei t o f t h is l e t t e r s o t h a t
p yo u r n am e
c an o c c u p y ,

t h e sa m e p o sit io n o n ou r m a ilin g list T is h

y h h
.

w ill in su re ou r re c eivin g e a c n u mb e r a s p u b lis e d T he

J y
.
'

n u mb er w ill b e s e n t you a s so o n as
a n u ar
you ret urn t h e
Coin C arrier Tru st in g t o e ar f ro m you , w e are,
. h
Y o urs v er y t ly ru ,
32 8-2 2 9 Sp eed P ra etiee .

C HA PT ER XX V I" .

SPEED PRAC TIC E .

2 28 In t h e suc c ee d in g c h a pt ers th e a rt o f P h ono

gra p hy
h h
.

is a dapte d t o t h e p ra c t ic a l n ee d s o f t h e S o rt a n d a m an u en

s is o r rep o rt er t rou g h h
t h e e mpl o men t y of th prin c ipal
ree

met h o d s o f ab b re v ia t ion , c e by w h i h t h C o rre spo n d in g Style

is c o n ve rt e d in t o t h e Re p o rtin g S t yle , t h e la t t er b ein g t h at

e mp l oy e d for re c o rd in
g v erb a t i m th e u t t e ran c e s o f S p ea k ers
or d ic t at o rs Th e m e t h o ds j us t re f erre d to may b e b riefly
hy lt w i h
.

en u merat e d and d esc rib ed as u n d e r ; t e a re d ea t

f u ll yi n th e o rd er m en t ion e d in t h e f ollo win g p a g e s
i C O N TRAC TI O N S T h e p rin c iple e o e mpl y d i n t h e C o rre
y y y
. .

sp on din g S t le is e x t e n d ed t o m an w o rd s o f c o mp a ra t iv e l

f re q u e n t o c c u rre n c e, h h
w ic w o ul d o t h erwise re q uire lon g
o u t l in e s f or t h eir e x
p i
ress o n .

II PH R AS EO G R AP H Y By a d ev e l o p m e n t of h
t is p rin c ipl e,
y
. .

a n u mb e r o f c o n t ra c t ed b y t h e e m lo m e n t
p h ra s eo g ra m s a re p
h
o f t h e s a m e m e t o d f o r s imilar p h rases .

iii I N T ER S EC T I O N An o u t lin e o r a p o rt io n of an o u t lin e

gh he
. .

w rit t en t h ro u a no t r is t erm e d an int ersec t io n , a nd by

t h is m ea ns d is t in c t ive f o rm s - of g rea t b re v it y a re o b t a in e d

f o r l on g t it l es, et c

h j
.

229 . Th e e mp loy men t o f t h e m et ods ust d e sc rib e d , in

d is pen sab le as t h ey a re , w ill n o t a lo n e e n a b l e th e s t il d en t to
a tt ain to th e S p ee d n e e d f ul in o rd e r to re
po rt an a v era g e

S pea k er In t h e a c q u ire men t of S h th

or a n d S p ee d , t h e m o st
Th i h
.

impo rt an t f ac t o r is P RA C T I C E s S o u ld , a t th e o u t set ,

h
.

t a k e t h e f orm o f n o t e- t a k in g fro m t h e re ad in g o f an o t er

p e rso n a t a ra t e w ic h h w ill e n ab l e t h e W Ii t er t o rec o rd ev er y

146 Sp eed P ra etiee .

w ord t h at is utt ered As t h e n o t e- t a k er b ec o mes more d ex

h
.

t erou s, o r, in ot er wo rd s , in c rea ses h is sp e e d , th e re ad er

c an quic k en h is rat e o f u tt era n c e , an d th e s t en o

g ra p h er w il l
t h y
g ra d u all a t t a in t o a igh e r
us h S pee d O f w rit in g

y h
.

2 3 0 S p e ed p ra c t ic e S h o u ld b e t a k en u p c o n c urren t l w it
y h h
.

t h e st u d o f t h e f o llo w in g c a p t e rs, a n d , a s ea c is m a s
t ere d , t h e e x e rc is es s h o u ld b e w rit t en f ro m dic t a t io n an d

c o rrec t e d by t h e a id o f th e K ey Th e e x erc is es S h o u ld be
hy
.

t a k en d o wn sev era l t im e s f rom dic t a t io n , u n t il t e can be

writ t e n w it h a bso l u t e a c c u ra c y A d ifiic u lt y is at t ime s ex

h y
.

erien c e d in fi n d in g a f rien d w illin g t o d e v o t e an o u r d ail

p
h hi h
t o dic t a t io n , w ic s t e a moun t Of
p ra c t ic e t h at the n o te

t k a h ld d v t
er S ou en ea or o O b t a in . B ut an in t ellig en t p e rso n
m y w i h t m h d iffi
a t ou uc c u lt y be in d uc e d t o u n d ert a ke the
d y f
, ,

ut i bl m or a su ta e re u n e ra t io n , o r s e v eral s t u d en t s may
g t
a rra n il h m l e o av a t e se v e s O f th e s er v ic es Of a re ad er In
l m t v y it y h
.

a os t w e er c or o n a b u sin es s c olleg e o r st en o g ra
p ers
?

as so c ia t io n w ill b e fo u n d , at w ic h t h h ere a re su it a b le f a c ili

t ies f o r d ic t a t io n p ra c tic e a t v a l i o n s ra t es o f s pee d
h
.

2 3 1 In c o osing ma t t er f o r d ic t a t io n p ra c t ic e , reg ard

h h h
.

s ou l d b e p aid t o t h e p a rt ic u lar p u rp ose f or w ic t h e art

is bein g ac qu ire d . A book of c o mm e rc ial l et t ers an d b u si
n es s f orm s will pro v id e t h e m o s t a d v a n t a g eo us p ra c t ic e for
th e h h
s o rt a n d a ma n u en sis t h e p riv a t e sec re t ar S ou l d y h
sel ec t hw su c or ks a s a re lik el yt o p ro v e u se fu l in h is d a il y
w ork an d th e y ou n g report er s h ou l d f oll o w t h e d ic t at ion

of s
peec h es , l ec tu re s, an d
p li m t y d b
ar a e n ar e a t es In t is h
t m h im lf t
.

way t h e b eginn er w ill ac c u s o h se o t el a n gu a g e h e

h
w ill e ar w en p ro fession a h lly g g d; b t en a e u o u t sid e t ese h
p a rt icu l ar re q uirem en t s ,
h e w ould d o well t o ma k e h is p rac
t ic e as v a ried a s
p o ssib le
— h
.

2 32 In n o te t a k in g, t h e w rit in g S o ul d n o t b e to o l arg e ;
h h h
.

a n d ou t lin es t a t ret ard th e an d , a n d t ere f ore l e ad t o l oss

of t ime, s h ou l d be avoid e d . No e x ac t size of t h e s ort h
148 Sp eed P ra ctice .
2 35

w rit in g, if a sc ra wlin g , c arel es s st yl e is a d o pt ed , th e resu lt

is ill eg ible writ in g , an d th e sa me resu lt f ollo ws in s h .

ort

h an d Th e st u d e n t s h o u l d c u l t iva t e the a bilit yt o re a d h is

h y
.

n o t es w it rea din e ss a n d a c c u ra c . I t is a g o o d p rac t ic e t o

re a d o v er s y ste m a t ic a ll y t o t h e d ic t a t o r a c o n sid e ra bl e
p or
t io n of th e n o t es h hw ic h ave b ee n w rit t en a d ay or t wo
b e f o re , t a k in g c a re u f l note of any d iv erg en c ies f ro m t h e
d ic t a t e d t ex t , an d h i t e r c a u se O c c a s ion a l l
p o rt io n s o f y
h y
.
,

th e n o t es sh o u l d be w rit t en o u t in l o n g a n d , o r t p ew rit t en ,
y y y
.

’
in o rd er t o t es t t h e s t u d e n t s a b il it in a c c u ra c a n d fa c ilit
in t ra n sc rip t io n Th e rea din g of S h h
o rt and
p rin t e d in t h e
h
.

Re p o rt in g S t yle is m o st e ssen t ia l , in o rd e r t at the st u d e n t

ma y g a in a w id e f a milia rit y w it o u t lin es h .

23 5 Th e a v e ra g e ra t e o f s
pee d of
pu blic pea k e rs is 1 2 0
S

y h
.

w o rd s p er m in u t e , b u t so me S p ee c h es, e s p e c ia ll t ose
d e liv ere d t o l a rg e a u dien c e s , d o n o t g re a t l e x c ee d t rou g y h h
ou t a n a v era g e o f 100 o r 1 1 0 w o rd s p er m in u t e O n the
h h
.

ot er a nd, a S p e ed f ro m 1 60 t o 1 8 0 w o rd s p e r m in u t e is
n ot u n u su al in p u blic s pe a kin g , a n d a w rit t e n a d d res s is
o c c a sio n a l l y ’

u t t e re d v ery ra p id ly . W h en a n o t e- t a k e r is able
t o w rit e f ro m d ic t a t io n at the ra t e o f f ro m 8 0 t o 100 w o rd s

pe r min u t e , h e sh ou ld a v a il h im se lf o f a ll O pp o rt u n it ies
o ss ib le o f t ak in g n o t es o f t h e u t t e ra n c e s o f d e libe ra t e
p
S p ea k e rs H e c a nn o t ex pec t n o r s o u ld h e a t t e mp t t o t a k e h
y
.

a f u ll n ote o f an a dd re ss d e liv e re d at a ra t e b e o n d h is

pow ers He s h o ul d , h o w e v e r, c a re f u ll y n ote d o wn as ma n y

h h
.

c o mple t e se n t en c es o f W at he ea rs a s he c an , t a k ing c are

t o w rit e le gibly so t a t h e h ma y b e a bl e w it h ou t d iffi c ult yt o

rea d h is n o t es a f t erw a rd s . He s h o ul d , f ro m t h e o u t se t o f
’
h is rep o rt in
g p ra c t ic e , b e c a re fu l t o f ollo w t h e s p ea k er s

t rain of t h ou g t w ile h h re c o rdin g h is w o rd s, re me mb erin

g
t h at t h e t a k in g o f n o t es in a n u n in t elli
g e n t an d m ec h a n ic a l

fas io n h c an n o t but resu l t in u n sa t isf a c t o ry , a n d it may be

u n in t el ligible repo rt s . In h is ea rl y rep o rt in g

p rac t ic e,
2 30 Writing M a teria ls .
149

w h en en deavoring t o t a k e d o wn as mu c h as he ca n o f th e
”

s
pe a k ’
er s w ord s , t h e n o te t a -
k er s h o u ld e n d ea v o r, a s fa r as
'

po ssible to se c u re the mo re im po rt a n t pas sag es in t h e d is .

h q
t

c ou rse , s u c as w o u ld b e re u ire d if h e w ere p rep a ring f o r?

t h e p re ss a c o n d en sa t io n o f t he s eec
p o h
r a d d ress H e w il l2
h im
.

be ginn ing of h is p rac t ice f re q u e n t ly

'

fi nd se l f at th e
u n a ble t o t ak e do wn a ll t h e w o rd s y
in a v e r lon g sen t e n c e
h h
.

He s o u ld e n d ea v o r, in su c a c as e , to s e c u re the esse n t ia l

p a rt s of it , so t h at he m y h a a ve a n o t e o f t h e g e n eral d rif t
’
of th e S p ea k er s re ma rk s B eg in n ers in n o t e t a k in
-

g a re a p t
hm y
.

to b e d isc o nc ert ed at fi n d in g t e s el v es w rit in g m a n

se n t e n c e s h
b e in d t h e s eak e r
p . Th i i s s in e vit a ble but by

p ra c t ic e t h e min d o f t h e e x pe rt rep o rt e r w ill re t ain and th e

h a n d rec o rd ac c u ra t e l y
so me fi f t ee n o r t w e n t w o rd s b e h in d y
t he s
pe a k e r . T h is is a ver y c o mmo n e m e rg e n c yi n the c a se

of irregu la r o r ra id
p sp e a k ers an d t h e w rit er mu s t t ra in
h im
,

se lf t o d e a l w it h it I f h is fi rst e fi o rt s a re n o t pa rt ic u
h y
.

la rly s uc c ess f u l, he s ou l d n ot b e d isc o u rag ed . B p erse

v era n c e d iflic u l t ies of v a rio u s k in d s w ill be o v e rc o me and

h h
,

th e p ono g ra p er Will so o n fi n d t h a t t h e t a sk o f re o rt in
p g
a spe a k er is a st imu la t in g a n d a g re e a b l e in t elle c t u a l eli c it .

WRITIN G MATERIALS .

2 36 T h e im po rt a n c e p ro p er w rit in g mat erials tor n ot e

of

h
.

t a k in g c ann o t be o v e r e s t ima t e d
-
N o S h o rt a n d w rit e r
h h
.
.

s o uld e v er t ru s t t o c a n c e su
pp lies o f p e n c ils , p en s , in k, o r
p a p er, bu t s o u l d m a k e a h c a re f u l s el e c t io n , a n d t a k e c a re t o

q
b e w ell e u ip p e d f or a n y p ro fessio n a l w o rk h e m ay u n d e r
tak e F o r m o st d esc rip t io n s o f n o t e t a k in g t h e p e n is m o re -

h
.

su it ab le t an t h e p e n c il, o n ac c ou nt of t h e p erm a n en c e a nd

s u perior l egibilit y of t h e n o t es , b o t h im po rt a n t c o n sid era

t io n s w h en t h e t ra n s c rip t is u n d e rt a k en A s u it a b le
p e n is
h h
.

"
a lso far less fa t igu in g t an a
p en c il , a g rea t a d v a n t ag e w e n
 Writing M a teria ls
“

1 50 .
3 37

writ in g f or a l en gt h met imes h a p

en ed p e rio d B ut , as it so

h
.

e n s t a t t h e u se o f a p e n is u n d e s ira bl e o r imp ossible , t h e

p
repo rter s o u ld ac c us t om him self o c ca sio n all t o rep o rt w it h y h
a p e n c il In o rd er t o b e p re pa re d f or a n y u nf oreseen d iffi
y h h ld h
b wi h
.

c ult or a c c id e n t , the p o n o g ra p er S ou n e v er e t
t
ou f h
a c ase o
d l d pt il
o ro u h p g h d
l y g d y oo ea en c s, s ar en e rea

f imm d i
or Th pe il h ld b
a t e u se di p f e en c s ou e u se n re e renc e

wh
.

t th p
o f e t ki g i th
en p i
or n o t e- a w i i g n n e o en a r, or en r t n

i n se mi d k -
t ill d l t
ar n e ss, a s a Th m k ust ra t e e c u re s . ese re ar s

pply h i fl y t p f
a c i l p t i g fO ll
e o di
ro e ss o n ayw k re or n ra or na r or

i b i
n fli
us n ess o i h th p p il m y b
c e s, e t d er e en o r en c a e u se

2 37 F h
.

t i p ou n a n m i g l
e ns m g ave co e nt o e n era u se a on

h p
.

t l gi l i
c our d e s a t v e, S l
an ll t ot er re o rt ers e v e ra ex c e en

ty l h h dw i
.
,

s w
es aro n o th m k t b t th on e ard e u e s o rt an r t e r n ee s

d g i t th m y h p whi h
,

t b o ti
e c au on e a a ns w e an c ea o n es c a re o rs e

th l f
a n u se es s h t h d w i i g Th f or s or i p h ld
an r t n e ou n t a n en s ou

id d w i h g h ly t
.

b p e rov th e gt d fl ibl
a ib o rou s ro n an ex e n

y id
.

D i g pid
ur n t t ki g hra t i n o e- a ib i n t e s ra n o n a n s ve r c o ns

e rabl I f it i t ifi
e d y i ld i g t h l b f
s s an t ki g un e n e a or o n o t e- a n

ly i th h d if it i t
.
,

i i
s se r o u s d d th
n c rease an on e o er an s no

g p n it m y p d ily b th
, , ,

a t s ron e m l a F s ee ec o e u s e ess or ese

wi h ly h
.
,

re aso n s a f t i p g l d ib
oun a n ld b
en d t a o n on s ou e u se

th g h ly i d t hi h
,

an d th w i wh h e r t er o d
as o n e o rou su te o s an

W ill p o ss ess t h e best w rit in g in st ru m en t it is possible to

h av e So m e s h h o rt an d w rit ers pref er a n o rdin a r y p h ld en o er

hg wh hy
.

wit o l d n ib , a n d a
po c k et in k st a n d , an d , e re t e are

a lw y a s c ert a in o f th e ac c o m mo d a t io n o f a t a ble , t h e arra n e

g
men t is g o o d o ne H ere a g a in a w o rd o f c a u t io n may b e
a

y y
.

given as t o in k s ta n d s , ma n p o c k et in k st a n d s b e ing en t irel

u n su it ed f or c o n st a n t u se F o r n o t e t a k in g , p a p er w it a -
h
h h h ig h ly gl
.

sm oo t ,
a rd su rfa c e n o t t oo a ze d , w ill b e f ou n d
h h
,

most s u it ab le . T h e elast ic b ou n d b o o k s w ic o pe n flat on

t h e d esk are t h e b es t , t h o ug h th e n ot e- b oo ks b ou n d in t h e
 TRAN S C RIP TIO N .

23 9 Wh en it is n ot c o n v en ien t to ma k e a t ra n sc ript io n of

y h h
.

’ be ab l e
o n e s n o t es on a t p e w rit er, a s t e n o g ra p er S o u ld

t o ma k e a v erb a t i m t ra n s c ript of h is n o t es w it h h is p e n at

th e from 20 t o 3 0 w o rd s p e r min u t e
ra t e o f T h e sec re t o f
h y y h
.

w rit in g Ion g an d ra pid l a n d l egib l is t o mo v e t h e w ole

ha n d wit h eac h s t ro k e o f t h e p en N ea rl a ll perso n s u se . y
t h e lit t le fi n ger a s a fi x ed p ro p a n d in f ormin g t h e le t t e rs
y h
,

mo v e o n l t h e fi rs t t w o fi n g ers a n d t u m b w h e n t h e fi n g ers
w ill t h f h
s ret c no u rt er the h d an is S h ift ed o v er a S pac e of

f m h lf
ro i h t a -
nu - n c o an in c h th ree o r fo u r le t t ers a re w ritte n ,
d h h h h
,

an di g i
t e an sa a n m ov e d Th e an d t us m a k es a seri es

y y
.

of j u mp s a n d , u n le s s S l o w l ex ec u t ed, t h e w rit in g g en e ra ll
h y
,

S ows g re a t irregu l a rit in t h e d ist a n c e an d in c lin a t ion o f

the l et t e rs y
To w rit e ra p id l , a n d a t t h e s a m e t ime w e ll ,
h h ld m v im y
.

the ar m, an d, and fi n g ers S ou o e s u lt a n e o us l

h ld t lig h ly
.

Th e m id d le of t h e f o rea rm s ou re s t on t h e t a b le
or d e sk an d the h a nd , rest n i g lig h ly h t on t e end of th e
o u t sid e e d g e O f t h e l it t l e fi ng er sh o u l d
g lid e o v er t h e sur
hl
,

f ac e of t h e p a p er a s e ac e t t er 1 8 f orme d Th e w ris t m u st
h
.

n ot t ouc eit h e l th e pa p er o r t h e d e s k T h e p en s h o u l d
h ld fi mly h h
.

n ot be e r n o r b e lif t e d u n t il e a c w ord IS fi n is e d
h ld S q h md
,

an d h w i
t e r t er s ou ee k to ac u ire s u c a c om an of

h an d h h t l d if
at e cou n e e d f ul , w rit e a wh l o e line of w o rd s
h
,

(ex c e pt t he d o t t in g of i, j) wit t ak in g t h e p e n o fi t h e
ou t

y y
.

p a pe r B u sing a t p e w rit er, a n e x e rt o e ra t o r c a n

p p p ro
h h
.

d u c e h is t ra n sc rip t a t a m u c mo re ra p id ra t e t an by th e
pen . St ill b e t t e r re su l t s may be a t t a in e d b y d ic t at in g n ot es

to a n ex pe rt o pera t o r .
2 40 S ign ifica n t M a rks .
153

C H A PT ER X X IX .

SIG NI F I C AN T M ARK S .

240 I n t a k in g n o t es of a s pea k e r, th e e mplo men t y of

y
.

c ert ain sign i c a n t fi ma rk s will b e f o u n d n ec e ssar or d esire

b le , in f a c ilit a t e t h e p ro d u c t io n
ord er to of a c orrec t

verb a t im t ra n s c ri pt o r a g oo d c o n d en se d rep o rt or to

pre v en t m isu n d erst a n d in g . Th e u se of t h e se Si

gn s is
d e sc rib ed b e lo w :

MI S HEA RI NG S Er e —W h en a word h as n ot beenh ea rd d is

h th wh h
,

t inc tl y, a nd the s or an d writer is u n c erta in et er h e h as

writ te n t h e rig h t on e or n ot , a c irc le s h ou ld be d ra wn rou n d th e
c h a ra c t er, o r a c ro ss ( x ) pl ac e d u n der it W h en th e n o t e- t a ker
h h
.

h a s fa iled to ea r a word , t h e o mission s oul d

be in d ic a ted by a
h
.

c are t ( p la c e d u n d er t h e lin e S ou ld a port io n of a sen

h
M .

K
t e n c e be SO l ost , t h e sa me S ig n S be em ployed , a n d a S p ace
o u ld

l ef t b la n k c orre spon din g to th e a m ou n t o mit t ed O r t h e lo n g

h
.

an d let t ers n It ( n ot h ea rd) ma y be writ te n .

ERRO RS .
-
In c a se s wh ere a rep orter h a s f a il ed t o sec u r ea
c o rrec t n o te o f a sen ten c e, t h is m a y be in d ic a t ed by a n in c lin ed
o val ,
th u s fl (n ou gh t or n oth in )
g W h en it is n ot ic ed t h a t
.

th e S p ea ker h as f a ll en in to an error, th e m a rk sh ou ld be
m ad e on t h e left a n d m a rg in of t h e not e bo ok
-
h -

M h h
.

REF EREN C E ARK S —W en ve rba t im n o tes o f a Sp eec a re

ly q
.

ta k e n , bu t on pe rpe n d ic u
a c o n den sed re po rt is re u ired , a

h
l a r st roke s ou ld be ma de in t h e l eft a n d marg in o f t h e n ote h -

book t o in dic a t e a n impo rta n t se n ten c e or p a ssa g e w ic it is h h

d esira ble t o in corp ora te in t h e su mm y ar . Th e e n d o f a s eec
p h
or t h e c o m plet ion of O
orti n o f a disc o u rse ma y be in dica ted
b y t wo st ro k es , th u s W h en t he re porter su spe n d s n ote

t a k in g , bu t t h e p roc eed s, t h e Io ng h a nd le t ters It 8

spe a ker
(con tin u ed sp ea king) ma y b e writt en
Q Q h
.

UOTATI O N S, Era — uot a t ion s f rom well k n o wn sou rc es, su c -

as the B ible ,
or S h a k spere , fa milia r t o t h e rep ort er, n eed n o t
‘
1 54 S ign ifica n t M a rks .

b e writt en f u ll t ime p re sses y if

I t will su f c e fi t o w rite t h e
q
.

c o mmen c ing an d c onc lu d in g word s wit h u o ta t ion ma rks a nd

a l on g d a sh b e t ween ; t h u s, Th e q u a li ty of mercy
sea son s ju stice . A lo n g d a s h m a y be u sed t o d en ot e t h e
re pe t it ion o f c ert a in word s by a s pea ker, in ste a d o f writ in g
.
g

in t h e f a m ilia r p a ssa g e , Wh a tsoever th in gs

‘

t h em ea c h t im e, as
”
a re tru e, h on es t, ju s t , e tc .

EX AM I N ATI O N or WI TN ESS ES —In repo rt in g th e ex a m ina t ion

q h
.

of wit n e sses b y u est io n s a il d

a n s wers, t h e n a m e o f e ac

h
witn es s s ou ld b e writ t en in long h a n d Th e n a m e of t h e ,

o rigi a l e x a mi ner m a y be w ritt e n in s h orth a n d b ef ore t h e

q
fi rs t q u est io n . It n eed n ot be re pe a te d
'

u n t il he resu mes

the ex a min a t ion a ft e r so me one h a s in t erve n ed . S h ou ld t h e

j u dge in t erv en e a t a n y sta g e o f t h e proc eeding write bef ore
q
t h e fi rs t u est io n on ly I n l ike ma n n er w en e v e r t h e o p posing h
q
.
,

c ou n sel in t erv e n es writ e h is n a me b efore t h e fi rs t u es t io n

h
.
,

W v
en e er d oc u m en t s or o t h er a rt ic les, t e rmed e x h ibit s, a re

ad mitt ed it is u su a l to ma rk t h e m Ex h ibit 1 ,
or h
Ex ibit A ,

a n d so on . If b o th of th e O ppo sin g p a rt ies in t rod u c e ex h ibit s,

it is g o od pla n f er t h e sa k e
a o f g rea t e r d ist in c t n ess t o
~

h
design a te t h e ex ibit s on o ne Side b y n u mbers, a nd ~
t h ose on

th e o th er sid e b y l et t ers S h ou ld a n ex hibit b e rea d , write in

h h
.

“ ”
sh ort a nd t h e wo rd rea d e it er in p aren t h ese s or d ra w a

c irc le a rou n d it .

APPLAUSE, DI SS ENT, ETc —Th e f oll owin g word s , desc riptive

h
.

of th e a pp rob a t io n or d issen t of an a u dien c e, S ou ld be on

c l osed by t h e re orte r
p be t ween l arg e p are n t h eses h ea r,
h ea r, h ea r, n o, w n o, n o, u s ens a tion ,

” Se . app la u se,
7 c h a ir, c h eers, la ug h ter,
up roa r, kisses . Th e j
a d ec t i e , v or a d ec t i es, j v de
sc rip tive of the k in d of a ppla u se m u st be written a fter t h e
fi rst word . For e xa mple, w h at wou ld b e desc ribed as lou d
a nd c on ti n u ed a
pp la u se wou ld be writ ten i
h
m 1
s .
L in re

po rting , f or t h e n o t e- t a ker would not k no w t at the a ppla u se

was c o n t in u ed t ill it h a d la st ed f or so me t ime .

1 56 C ompou n ds f
o
“
H ere, ”
W e” .
4 45

CO MPO UN DS or H ERE, TH ERE, WHERE .

2 45 . W rit e t he c o mp ou n d w ord s here, there, where,

j o in ed to
o n, t h us :

There L D '

Where / l / c / K M
Ex e rc i s e 7 7 .

Th e a rea o f N ort h a nd So u t h Ame ric a is in rou n d fi gu res

n ea rly 1 5 m
ill io n s u a re m iles q
t h a t o f t h e U n ite d
S t a tes 4 mill io n of Eu ro pe n ea rly 4 million
o f A sia 1 7 m ill io n -
o f A fric a 1 2
m illi on a n d o f Au st ra lia a n d t h e oc ea n ic isl es
be t ween 3 million a n d 4 mill ion Th ere
a re be t wee n 1 h u n d red ( 100) a n d 2 h u n dred (200 c ou n t ries
in t h e wo rld , eit h e r in d e pe n d e n t o r t ribu t a ry h e la r est .

c ou n t ry in Eu ro p e is Ru ssia wit h a n a rea o f a bo u t z 1 h u n red

q , ,

th ou s a n d s u a re m iles I n Asia t h e Ru ss ia n po s
.

s e ssio n s c o v e r a n a rea of bet wee n 6 mi ll ion and 7

'

million q
s u a re m ile s It is est im a t e d t a t t h ere a re
. h
n o w in t h e w orld 1 7 0 th ou sa nd m iles o f oc ea n te le
ra h ic c a ble s, a n d 662 th ou s a n d m ile s of la n d lines
p
U
.

h e year s e x e n d it ure o f t h e n it ed S t a te s G o v e rn me n t ra n ges

’

bet we en $6 u n d red mi lli on and $ 7 h u n dred

m illion In dia h a s a p u blic d ebt o f Rs 1 13 .

m ill ion ( Rs . in t h a t c o u n t ry a n d £ 12 5 m ill ion

in En g la n d Th e rin c ipa l En g lish la w offi c er
F
.

h a s a sa l a ry of £ 10 th ou sa n d ra n c e h as the
h ea v ie st N a t io n a l Deb t in t h e wo rld , in rou n d fi g u res
m illion f r in )
J
. .

T h e p reac h er s t e x t wa s t a ken f ro m 1 S t
’
oh n 1 , 9, 10
q
. .
,

Thereo n h e p rea c h e d a n el o u e n t se rmo n wh erewi th al l were ,

p lease d a n d wh erea t o u r f rie n d s were e d ifie d I n t h e co u rse

—
, .

th ereof h e re f erred t o t h e f o llo wing pa ssa ges I sa ia h , 49, 6

J
1 o h n 2, 8 Lu k e 1 9, 1 4 Ac t s 1 3 4 6 ; a n d Ro ma n s 8 , 15 ,

wherein h e sa w su ita ble illu st ra t io n s a n d wh ereon , h e sa id we

h
m ig t a ll medita t e wit h a d va n t a e
,

ed it a t io n , h e d ec la red ,
. M ,

was m uc h t oo ra re yet t h e u se t ereof wo u ld c e rt a inly be f o l

lo wed bv imp ro ve men t , an d th ereto we s h ou ld c o nst a nt ly a im .
2 46 N ega tive Prefi x es .
15 7

Ex e r c ise ‘

77 (cont in u ed) .

He k newwh ereof h e spoke , a nd whereto h is c ou n sel led . H ereon

h e was very e a rn es t ; h ereto a n d h erein his e x h o rt a t ion Wa s
q
.

f re ue n t H erea t so me we re su rp rised , a n d h ereof o f ten spoke ;

.

h erewith a fe w were imp ressed bu t th erewi th o r th erea t o t h ers ,

we re in d iff ere n t Hit h ert o it wa s sa id , h e h a d n ot su cc ee ded

.
,

a s a p rea c h er, wh erea t a l l were su rp rised , f or th erein , it seem e d ,

la y h is g rea t po we r .

N EGATI VE PRE IXES F .

246 . N e g a t iv es
w o rd s t h a t b e g in w it
of l, m, n , a re h
d ist ing u ish e d f ro m t h e p osit i e b y repe a t in g t h e fi rst c o n v
so n a n t f o r e x a m p le ,

f g
ille rr a l f im m o ra l N J

n o x 1 o ns fl
illo gic a l in n o x iou s
ma t erial n ec e ss a r y \0
/

imma t e ria l W u n n e c ess a ry \ A Q

/

N e g a t iv es of w o rd s c o mme n c in g w it h r
g e n era ll follo w y
th e ru le f or u p w a rd and d o wn w a rd r, h
w it o u t rep e a t in g
th e fi rst c o n so n a n t a s,

reso lu t e resist ible

irreso lu t e w ”
irresist ib le

re m o v a ble rele va n t

W
irrem ov ab le
h t ish
.

Kl c an n o t be
irre le v an t

o b s erve d ,
V “
en ru e re
pea t r;

ra tiona l, \5 irra tiona l Th e sa m e me t h od may

h
.

be a d o pt e d to d ist ingu is w ord s l ik e .

4 ra dia nce,
1 58 fix es
N ega tive P re .

Ex e r c is e 7 8 .

y
It h a s b een j ustl sa id t a t if t h e En lis lang ua ge were a h h
y
rfec t on e, e v e r pos it ive t e rm wou ld a ve a n ega t iv e t erm
p e
ex a c t l y
c orrespo n d in h
t o it, so t a t a ll ad j e c t ives a n d n ou n s
wou ld be in pa irs u st a s li bera l h as it s n e a t ive illi bera l ;
.

ma tu re, imma tu re ; n a med, u n n a med ; n erve u nn erved ; re

i ble, irrep ress ible ; red u c ible, i rred uc i ble ; a n d so o n wit h
h h
p re sss ,

i n n u mera ble o t e r wo rd s ; Iso blu e sh ou ld a ve its n eg a t iv e

n on blu e ; ap er, n on p ap er ; a n d so o n Th e a bse n c e o f su c h
q y
- -
.

n ega t iv es, owever, is u ite i mma teri a l , a n d h a s p r ba bl be e n

o
u n n oticed by m ost e
p po l e, be c a u se t h e wo rd s wou l d be ra re l y
u sed Hen c e t h e ic t io na ries con ta in on ly t h e c o m m on pa irs,
h
. ,

su c a s limi ta ble, illi mi ta ble; legi ti ma te, illeg i tima te ; measu r

a ble, i mmea su ra ble ; m ova ble, i mmova ble; n a tu ra l, u nn a tu ra l ;
religi ou s i rreligi ous ; I
ref u ta ble, irref u ta ble; a n d so f ort I ts h
h
.
,

imperf ec t ion s not wit h sta n d in t h e Eu lis la n g u a ge is a n oble

h
on e a n d it s g rowt , a n d t h e c a n ges it as u n der o n e wit th e h
,

pa rt ic u la r eriod s of t h eir in trod u c t ion a re wort of s t u d b y y ,

y
a ll , a n d in c c d n ecessa ry t o so me pro fe ssio n s I t is, pe r a p s,
,

h
h
.

u n necess a ry t o d well o n t h e n ec essit y o f su c a st u d y t o t h e

re rte r if Ih e wou l d esca pe t h e r p roa c h o f so me t im es ma kin g
,
e
a a u lt y t ra n sc ri t a n d w ou ld a s i re t o t h e re p u ta t ion o f be in g
a n irrep roa c h a b e writer p
,

V
e ry ittl e re fl ec tio n will s o w h o w h
h h
.

necessa ry it is t a t t h e s o rt h a n d writ e r sh ou ld poss ess a good

voca bu la ry He is, mora lly , if no t lega lly, a nswera ble t o t h e
.

s pea ker wh o se wo rd s h e is t a k in g d o wn a s we ll a s t o th e
h h
rea der f or w o m t ey a re t o be t ra n sc ribed a n d it mig t ea sil
,

,
h y
be p ron ou n c ed immora l a n d pe rh a ps i lle a l f or h im t o m is , ,

re presen t t h e la n g u a ge u se d Th e i rr i a n t word s of t h e
q
.

e lo u en t s pe ak er a re refl e c t ed , a s it w ere b y t h e pe n of t h e
writer, a n d t h e ir ra d ia n ce sh ou ld n ot b e d imm e d t h ro u g a n y
,

h
f a u lt of h is . h
S uc a st a t emen t, ind eed is u it e u n a nswera ble ,
q .

So me t im es t h e reporte r h a s t o rec on c ile t h e a pa re n t ly i rr econ

h
.

c ila ble, b y righ t l

y i n terp reti ng t h e mea n in g 0 t h e spea k er, w en
h
h is word s d o n ot ma ke t a t mea n in g c lea r H o w o f ten wou ld .

!
’
a spea ker s m in d rem a in u n in ter reted were it n ot f or t h e
r po rter
e
p
It is a necess a ry fi c t ion of t h e la w t a t e v er su bj ec t , h y
li tera te a n d i lli tera te, is a wa re of w a t is lega l an d w a t i ll a l, h h
and t ou h h
g it is mora lly im possible t a t a ll s ou ld k n ow t is h h ,

yet ig n o ran ce will n ot ex c u se a n i lleg a l or i mmora l ac t Th e

h
.

c on c lu sio n t h erefore is irresisti ble t h a t a pa rt f ro m it s in eren t

i nte est—a n d it c a nn ot be u n in teres tin
r
, ,

t t h e st u dy —
h
g o a n yo n e
of h 1s n a t iv e l a n u a e is esse n t ia l t o t h e re o rt er H u ld
h
g g e s o
p .

d evo te ma ture t h ou g t t o t h e m eth odica l t re a t men t o f n e ga t iv e

words, sin ce a n i mmeth odic a l rep re sen t a tio n o f su c word s h
wou ld in f a llibly en d in mista kes w ic wou ld be se t down t o h h
ig n ora n ce or imma ture j u d me n t
g 1 (450) .
160 Rep orting G ra mma log u es .

REPO RTIN G G RA MM ALO G UES

A RRAN G ED P H O N E LL Y
TI C A .

C o n so n a n rs 1 c a , 2 co m e
n
h q
.

1 a pp y , 2 up , 3 pu t I ui t e , 2 co ul d
1 beca u se
1 c a n n ot , 2 ac co n t
1 c a ll, 2 e q ua l ly q u
1 ap
py
3 p rm c ip l e,
L
1 c a lle d, 2 co l d, e ua l le d q
1 p art ic ul a r h
1 C r ist ian , C h ristia nit y,
2 c are
1 ac cording, ac cording t o ,
cart , 2 c ared
o ve

i
2 bee n 1 o , a g o , 2 g ve n
2 a bl e , 3 belie f, be liev e d
2 bu il d in g , a ble to
-
-

r — 1 d, 2 oo d
2 g lo ry , g rify ied l -

1 libe rt y , 2 m em b er, re
G 2 g o ld
member ed, 3 nu mber cd - 1 g u a r d, 2 g rea t

I1 a t ,2 it , 3 ou t \1 ha lf 2 if
,

I, ‘ 3 it self 1 af te r, 2 if it

Il at a l t ell , 3 t ill I of t en 2 P on og ra p y
, h h
2 to l d, t ill it K 2 for
2 h
t ru t , 3 t ru e 2 f ro m
h
.

3 1 t rie d, 2 to wa rd , t ra de 2 a ve
h
2

” 3 ou t o f
\ 3 2 ea ven
1 o v er, 2 e ver- y
1 h a d, 2 do, 3 difi eren t
h
E
2 3 ow e ver
Q
ve r
2 d1 en c e - ,

3 e vi
F2 a d va n e, 3 dxfl c u l t
2 E don e, 3 own 1 t h a n k e d, 2 think,
h h
-
’
G1 h a d n ot, do n ot don t , I t ou g t [3 you th
h h
,

fi2 deliver c d y 2 did n ot
-
3 t rou g h , t rew
a1 Dr, 2 dea r, 3 urin g 9 2 ht ird
1 m uc h h h
2 w ic 3 eac h 1 th g h thy
ou th m 2 e
th y
, , , , ,
2 e
1 1 th t a wit h t 2 ou
th t hi
,
2 1 th
o se , lf 2 s,
ty
se
th th
,

\1 2 th m l
3 us
y l e se, ou s

M
e s e ves
3
3 wit hin
th
2 g en era l ly, 3
2 o er
th th i th y
R 1 g e n t le m a n , 2
2 ere , e r, e are
th
N1 la rg er
f
\
( 2 g en era t ion
3 ere ore
 Rep orting G ra mma logu es .
161

h a s, 2 hi s , is
V
1 as, 1
w
l n ot , 2 n a t ure
O
V
1 h an d, 2 u nder
his, 2 is or h is his is \3
as ( ) , 2 na t io n
2 first 0 2 op in ion
9
sp ea k
2 sp c al
e
2 sp m t
i ly, 3 1 n or, 2 n ea r

mg
°
1 la ng uag e, ow
h
v

1 2 t i ng , 3 youn g
2 8 0 1 2 15
2 f 2 Lo rd
1
l
si gn
if y l ed fica n t
mg mfi ca n ce
- -
h
1 lig t , 2 let
'

2 se v era l, S a w o
.

2 ar e, 3 our, ou r h
I se n t l or, 2 your , 3 y ear
o., 2 sen d 1 a rt
2 so m ew ht a 1 y ard, 2 wo rd

2 w as , 3 wh o se, u s e ( ver b) 2 w e, wa y , a wa y
y 2 w ait , weig t h
J 2 s h a ll, s h lt a , 3 W is h M 2 on e
’
J 3 s ure w 1 w a n t , 2 w en t, won t
9 1 s h ort f 2 w ill, w ell

J 2 us u a l ly ; J 2 p l ea su re C/ h h
2 w et er, 3 w it er h h
h
-

C 1 w i le
1 m e m y, 2 h im , m a y
h
,

1 mig t, m et, 2 m eet in g

h
-

f
-
o I m y se lf 2 im self ,
A 1 mo st 2 m u st
,

A 1 1m p o rtan t an ce 2 im -
,

p rove c d m en t - -

2 1 m p ro v e m en t s
'
f b
a 2 m a y n ot , am oun t
fi 1 mo re, rem a rk c d -
,

2 M r m ere ,

V o w nns . DI P H TH O N G S .

Dors . a , an , th e, ah ! eh ? v
I, eye,
P
a ye (y es) , A
L
h ow, why,
Du n ne .

!
C
l
all , 0, oh ow e , a we, ou gh t W i th , C wh en , wha t , woul d,

to , bu t , sh oul d

two, too, t h e, I who bey on d, a

you .
162 Rep orting G ra mma iogzzes .

REPO RTI N G G RA MM ALO G U ES .

AR RA N G ED A L PH A B E LL Y TI C A

c h ee r Z
V
-
3 h a nd I
c hil d 1 h a ppe n I
“

C h rist ian 7 ha ppen ed 5 1

C hrist ia nity 1 ha ppy 1

co m e 2 ha s hi s 9 1
v
, ,

co u ld 2 ha e 2
De a r l 2 he 1 2
v
deli er cd y
- -
l 2 v
h e a en
did I 2 high 7 1
did n o t J 2 h im A 2
differe n ce
differe n t 3
an 4 .
3
an d J 1 .
do 5
an y 1 1 do not 1
1
,

a pp ly k I Doc to r 1
v
.

a p pro e j}; 1
a rt 3 1 .

V
a re 2 I 1
as 1 if k 2
if it 2
im port an ce
im po rt a n t
impro e A v 2
v
im pro ed A 2
v
impro em en t A 2
2 v
im p ro e men ts
for k 2 1
fro m 2
G en e ral J 2
bee n 2 gen erally J 2
be lief —3 gen era tion 6 2
v
be lie e 3 g e n t le ma n 1 1
.

v
be lie ed 3 gen t le m e n o 2
beyo n d 2
bui ld K 2 2
bu ildin g Q 2 2
bu t 1 2 2
1 64 Repg rting G ra mma logu es .

( To be memorized see p a r .

approve

b el ie f-ve -
cd mo st si
g nif yid -
e

C hi r st ian - it y

6 g e n era t io n

c y ify fi
g lo r - -
ed o wn

0
/ h lyo

a
) h o u se re l i
giou s
it sel f K Sa v io u r
-
L
“ Z l “
ar er
g
Sc ript ure

y
,

lib ert

Ex e r c is e 7 9 .

I nc lu d ing a ll th e G ra mma logu es g iven in the a bove list .

If you wis ht o v e to
you r belief in t h e t h in g s w ic
o t h ers h h
h h p ro
y
you app rove, w e t e r t h e be o f a rel ig io u s, po lit ic a l, or sc ie n
t ifi c n a t u re , it is mo st esse n t ia l t h a t l yo u sp ea k dist in c t ly a n d
h h
wit a tru e a pp re e n sio n of t h e mea n in g o f wh at yo u sa y o t h e r
,

wise you r a rgu me n t will b e wa n t in g in strength a n d you r word s

,

will fa il t o s i g n if y a ll t h a t yo u in t en d t h em t o c on e You
,

v y
y
.

will re ad il y own t h a t you s h ou ld e nd ea or t o e x ress ou r v

h p
t h ou g h t s so t a t you ma y be u n d erst ood wit o u t sp eci a l e ff o rt o n h
t h e pa rt of you r l ist e n ers h
T is is a d u t y owin g t o t ose wh o m
. h
v
! vI
o u in ite t o h ea r yo u Ho w ma n y a g ood a n d h oly c a u se is
h h y
.

ost t ro u g f a u lt prese n t a t io n Ho w o f te n h a s t h e c a use o f

!
libe rty been wea ken e d b t h e b a d deli e ry of t h ose wh o w ere
sen t t o s t re n g t h e n it h e Ch ristia n religion i tself so me t imes
’
loses wh ere it ough t t o Ig a in t h rou g h t h e s pe a k er s ina bilit y t o
h ,

c lot h e h is t o u g h t s in s u it a b le la n g u a ge a n d t o sp ea k o n C h ris ti ,

a n ity with c lea rn ess s treng th , a n d g rac e , W h o h as n ot oc ca .

sio n a ll y h ea rd a be a u t if u l p a s sa ge o f h oly S crip tu re, pe rh a p s t h e

h
-

w o rd s o f t h e S a viour imself , d is t o rted f ro m wh a t t h e y sign ifi ed

v
b y in c orre c t rea din g ? Ha e we n o t a ll ad mired t h e elo c u t io n ist ,
h
wh o sp ea ks so t a t h is I wo rd s a re c a rried o e r a la rg er a rea v .

t h an a n u n tra ined s ea k er c o u ld h o pe t o rea c h ? W h o h as n ot

h e a rd t h e s pe a k e r w ose v
o ice i tself a d ded s tren g th t o h is lo ic ,
and e n a ble d h im t o lea d h is a u d ie n c e whi the r h e won (1 g
h
Th us it is believed t o a ve b een wit Lord C a t a m, t h e glory h h h
 Reporting G ra mma logu es . 1 65

of h
his gen era tion a nd t h e c a m pio n o f libert w ose Ivoic e h ad h
h
su c h s tren gth t h a t w en h e d e sire d t o s wit h sp ec ia l e ff ec t
,

h e h ad o nly t o ra ise t h e t o n e , a n d t h e ou se s h oc k wit its pea l h

I h h h
.

And do you ima g ine, y e you ng st u den t s, t a t C a t a m oh

y
t a in ed h is po wer o f ora to r with o u t t rou ble or pa ins P C a n you
h
believe t h a t h e me t wit n o diffi c u lt in ac qu irin t h e a bilit y y
h h
w ic bro u g h t h im f a m e a n d glorified h i m
-
o h so He
h q h
.

st u d ie d lon g a n d a rd t o ac u ire t a t c omma nd of la ngu a e

wh ic h e n a ble d h im t o sign if y h is own t o u gh ts wit
g
rec is ion , h h
a n d a f terwa rd s c o n t ri bu t ed t o g lorif y h is n a me t is most
h h
.

lik ely t h a t f e w men e ve r we n t t rou g a l ar g er a m ou n t of

’

y h
d ru dg er t h a n h e did t o fi t imse lf a s a pu blic spe a k er I T h e .

lead in g prin c iples o f l iberty, religion , g ov ern me n t etc , were , .

’
a ll st u d ie d t o t h is e n d Th us was be a ble l ist n in g S en a te s
y
.

t o c o mma n d So it ou g h t t o be ou r sp ecia l a im t o c u lt iv a t e
”

h
.

t h e s trength o f will t o im ita t e h im in t is pa rt ic u la r re s pe c t,

“

h
t a t you ma y bec o me , if n ot a brillia n t , a t le as t a n eff ec t iv e
sp ea k er a n d a n e leg a n t rea d er I .

Ex e r c is e 8 0 .

The f ollowi ng Exerc ise co nsis ts en tirely of Rep orting Gra mma .

logn es, th e wh ole lis t bei ng i n trod u ced

h
.

Th e Gen e ra l wa s of o pin io n t a t in o u r g en e ra t ion a ye, —

d u rin g t h is yea r—t h e re h ad bee n n o t ru e libe rt y t o t h in k as o n e
h
wou ld wis , t o d eliv er o r u se t h e mere la n g u a ge o f t rut h , or,
h h
in s ort t o d o wh a t t h ou g t a nd word sig n ifi ed B u t t h e Doc t or
q
.
,

h ad u it e a diff ere n t be lief , a nd w as a ble t o spea k o u t ac c o rding

as l h e t h ou g h t h e o u g t h h
T erefo re h e d id n ot wa it , n o r t h in k
.
,

t h a t h e wa s u n d e r a n y care n ot t o S pea k , h a p en wh a t m ig h t
h h
.

He t h a nked t h e ot e r f o r t h e oppo rt u n ity e wa s s u re t h a t

q
we h ad n ot a n e u a l bu t a la r er l ibe rt y ; yes, a n d t h a t we
g e n era l ly u se it wel l So a c c or ing t o h is O p in io n , t h e o t h er
,

h
.

d id n ot re me mbe r, o r g iv e h a l f t h e importa n c e h e o u g t to ,

a n im po rt a n t pa rt ic u la r Ev ery n a t io n, t h ou g h n ot a ll e u a lly,
d
.

t ried t o d o wh a t wa s g o od f o r t h e yo u n g a n d t h e c h il I was
c a red f o r a s in n o ge n era tio n o f wh ic h we a v e a n y a c c ou n t
,

h
He rema rk ed t oo , t h a t it wa s v ery s ig n ifi c a n t th a t ou r yo u ng
h ,

a ve t h e o ppo rt u n it y of im prov em e n t wh ic Iit c a n n o t bu t be a h

h
plea su re t o t in k o f , b ec a u se by it we b u ild , o r a re b u ild in g , a
g rea t n a t io n Th rou g h im p ro v e men t s wh ic h a v e c o me in u se, h
h
.

we n u mb e r o u r I you t h s , o r t h ey a re a b le t o be nu mb ered , wit

h
t ose w h o t h e msel v e s a re g iv e n t is a d v a n t a g e h
in itsel f a m ost
impo rt a n t t h in g f or o u r you t h I f so m u c ha s be en Id o ne h
h h y
.
,

t o u g h in a d iff ere n t w a y so mew a t to t h a t we sh ou ld s pe c ia ll

y
gl or in o r h a v e g lo rifi ed , t h e Doc t or t h ou gh t we sh ou ld s ee in
it a t ru e wish f or m ore l ig h t , so t h a t t is g e n era t io n migh t h
1 66 Rep orting G ra mma logu es .

y
g en erall be remembe re d f o r t h e g ood d o n e in it be yon d, ou t
h
o f, a n d a bo ve a ny o t e r, t illit , in s ort, w a s n o t e u a l led orh q
impro v ed on by a n y A s f or libe rty t o s pea k a s o ne wou l
h h
.

wis , h e be l ieved t a t u su al ly n o mee t ing o f g e n t l em e n wou ld

h I h
b eliev e it t o be a t a ll d iffi c u lt w en t ey m et t o sig n ify t eir h
o pin ion o n a ny rin c iple o f impo rta n c e, o r o n C rist ia n it y, or h
religion g en era l h
in la n g ua ge of a we t a t a g e n t leman ma y o r
h
s o u ld a p l y y ,

h
ar B Iwa s in t h e c a ir a t a la rge mee t in g a
h p
h h y
. . .

s ort w i le a g o , a n d im self d eliv ered a v er h a p py re m a rk on

t ra de a n d on g old , t h e n a tu re o f w ic mu st a v e I weig t wit h h h h h
an y o r a ll wh o wou ld see t h e t ra d e o f h is o r t eir o wn n a t io n h
h h
imp rove o v er t a t o f a n y ot er, to t h e g en era l ad v a n t a g e An
h h h
.

ac c ou n t o f t is de liv e ry we o we t o P o n ogra p y H is is a
h y h
.

a py wa y as is us u a l , h e p u t e v e r o n e t e re in ood spirit,
an p a ll wou ld g iv e h im a c h e e r h
t h o ug it I wa s t o u g t t h e h
m eet ing wa s a c old one , a ll wen t well A s h as bee n rem a rked ,
h—
.

h e d id n o t a t fi rst t h in k it o f we ig t or sig n ifi c a n ce t h a t se vera l

o f t h ose h
I wh o t h ou g t ev il of h im it may a v e been a t ird h ,

h
of t e mh —
o f t en t ried in se c re t wit h h
m u c a rt o u t of a n e v il wis , h
q h h
t o pu t in u ite a I d iff ere n t l ig t (a n d t a t n o g ood o n e) a ll h e
,

h a ppe n ed t o t ell t h em t o be lieve B u t I k n ow m yself t a t wit in h h

y h Ih h
.

ea r f ro m t a t me et in g , b e h a d t o b e o n h is g u a rd
h h hy
or n ea r a
t owa rd t em, o wing t o t eir w a n t o f t ru t w en t e h a d t h e
op ort u n it y to m eet a n d s pea k in a spec ia l wa y o f h is re lig iou s
p
h
o pi n io n , I a n d o f a ll t a t h e wa s b eliev ed t o k n ow o f w a t h
S c riptu re h a s t old u s of G od o f t h e Sa vio u r, t h e Holy S pirit t h e
h , ,

C h rist ia n relig ion , a n d of ea ve n W e I d o n ot a ppro v e of th ose

h h h h h
.

wh o t u s spe a k , a n d o wev er ig t h e a m ou n t o f weig t th ese

g en t lemen t h e mse l ves m a y, a s a u su a l t in g a pe n t o h
a v e, h h
p
h ,

h
!h
we c a n n n o t ev er let I t h eir wa nt o f t rut g o wit o u t a word t o
sig nif ou r diff eren c e h
O h t a t ea c h a d t h e st re n gt t o d o
. h
ac c o r in g t o t h is Ah l is it t ru e h e h a d n ot ? I Eh ? I f so,
h
.

h e is a s e v il a s t h ey a re t h e m se l v es, a n d t h eref ore w ile h e is

h
t u s it is h is w ill , or b y h is o wn wish , a n d we m u st se n d I or g o
d own t o h im h
He s a ll be sen t a wa y u po n t h e fi rst o pp ort u n it y,
h h h
.

wh e t h er h e will or n o, a n d w it er t h se lf s a ll n o t or m ay n ot
k no w, or be I a ble to meet h im t ill h e as h is c art a n d is c a lled h
y h y
,

on t o g o f ro m t h e a rd As h is h a s n o t been a a pp n a t ure,
h y
.

or o n e wh ic impro v ed , I ye mu st n ot g lo rif h im t o me After

h h y h h h
.

w a t h a s a ppe n e d , ou r spirit s ou ld t h a n k t h e a n d b w ose

stren g t h h
it is t a t you ma y n o t go t o or c a ll I o n h im ow c a n
h
.

you d o o t er a t a l l Y et if it h a d n ot been so a n d h e c oul d

h
c o me u p t o you wh y s o u l d I t h in k t h a t m y e ye wou ld in t a t
,

I h
h ,

h
ou r, a n d in my ou se, see you t wo t ill it h ad h a p pened ? Aye
as t h y
p rin c ipa l , o u t of a wis h
t o i mprov e e v ery membe r, a n d
,

h
in pa rti c u la r I t ese d ea r to me, I won t t ink so, my Lord (8 50)
’
h .
1 68 Reporting C on tra c tion s .

irre sp e c tive
e fiic ien t - c y - l y U
ret ro spec tive
in efiic ien t- c y-l y w
fiic ien t c y - ly U
U
-
su
def ec t ive
‘
“ in suflic ien t c y -ly
e x ec u t iv e
-

ob s erv a t ion
\o/
p rero g a t ive V

a b st rac t io n p re s erva t ion Y

J
)
c on st it u t ion al - -
ly

s u b ec t ion
j
p ro fes si on a l
‘

c ro s s - exa m in e d -
Q
c ro ss - ex a m i n a t i on
j u risp ru den c e a
< deg en era t ion
p re uj di ce c ia l
-

x
gen era t io n 4
i
re ,

s u b st an tia l

!
u n su b st an t ia l
desc rip t ion I,

g en era liza t io n a
co n t rov ersy s ia l
-

" o rg a n ize - d \ q
c omm erc ia l
org a ni za t ion
fin a n c ial \ 7 -J

imp erf ec t ion

f
-

c irc u m st a n c e c

c irc u m st a n t ia l I :
1

p a s s en g er 7
t ra n s c rib e

t ran s c rip t io n SN
l

"Q
"
33
‘
t ran smis sion in s ig n ifi c an t
m"
t ran s u b st a n t ia t ion k s ign ifi c a t io

p rofi c ien z
y
ly-
in sp ec t -
e d- t ion

in su b ordin a t e t ion -
 Rep orting C on tra c tio ns .

Ex e r c is e 8 1 .

To p rodu ce a mod e rn n ewspa p er re u ire s v er g rea t po wers q y

of orga n iza tion , observa tio n , d es c rip tion , a n d g ene ra liza t ion , if

h
it is t o be p rod uc tive of t a t m ea su re of commerc ia l a nd fi n a/n
ci a l s u c c ess w ic h h
I t h ose wh o orga n ize an d fi n a n c e it n a t u r
a ll y ex pec t it t o b e, a n d wh ic h
is so t o s pe a k t h e objec ti ve t o , ,

be kep t c o n st a n t ly in v ie w by t h e ma na ge men t or exec u ti ve I

y
.

I ndeed , m erel s u bj ec tive n o t io ns m u s t b e k e pt in c om plete su b

h
jec tion , a nd it s ou ld be t h e p reroga t ive of t h e execu tive t o ih
sist u po n t h is I t is n o t s ufiic ien t, t e ref o re, f or t h e I edito r or
.
‘
h
ma n a ger t o be p rofi c ien t in p rof ess ion a l skill h e mu st n ot be
defic ien t, def ec t i ve, o r in a n y w a y imp erf ec t in t h e p o wer o f
go v ern in g t h o se su bj ec t t o h im An y I i mp erf ec tion or d efi c iency
h
.

in t is respec t wo uld ren der impossib le t h e p reserva ti on o f dis

c ip lin e a nd t h e pro m pt re mo v a l o f a n i n efiic ien t o r i ns u bordina te

membe r o f t h e st a ff , w h
in fl u e n ce , t o u g i n sign ifica n t in
o se h h
it self a n d i nsuffic ien t t o d o m u c a rm, m ig h t ye t be s u hh
fiic ien t t o
ma r t h e eflic ien cy o f o th ers a n d t o in c ite t e m t o i ns u bordi na tion h
f q ly I
.

Degenera tion a m o n g o ffic ia l s is n o t u n re u e nt t h e resu l t o f

a n ac t , t h e s ign ifi ca tion of h
w ic h h as be e n e n t irely m ist a ken and

h hh
,

t h e a ppa re n t i n s ig n ifi c a n ce o f w ic led t o it s t o ta l n eg le c t as

h
.

Regenera tion in su c c ircu msta n ces is I a l wa ys more d ifiic ul t

h
t a n cons tru c tion or rec o n st ru c t ion O n e f eels in digna n t, a n d
h h
.

t ere is rea so n f o r t h e i n dig n a tion , wh e n o n e c o n sid ers t a t a

period ic a l i nsp ec tion w it h , pe r a ps a circu ms ta n tia l c ross h
h
, ,

exa min a tion I wo uld a ve disc ov ered t h e obstruc tive person

h h
,

w ose ac t io n s a ve l ed t o obstruc tion by o t h ers a n d t h e in t ro

y
d uc t io n of a poss ibl d es tru c tive m isu n dersta n din g Retrosp ec
h h
.

tive wis d o m , h owe v e r is m uc more c o mmo n t a n Ip rosp e c

,

tive o r p ersp ec tive w isd o m I t is in teres t in g a n d i ns tru c tive

h
.

to n o t ice h o w m a n y pe ople a re wise a f ter t h e e v en t , a nd w a t

gen iu s is so met imes d ispla ye d o n retrospec tive pla n s Th e se
h
. .

s ta te m e n t s I ma y a p p ea r con trovers ia l , b u t t ey a re n o t so in

y
rea lit y ; t h e a re in t e n d ed t o sh o w t a t w ile t h e l ite ra r s id e o fh h y
th e n e wspa pe r m u st h a ve ade qu a te a tte n t ion so t h a t n ot hin g I
h
,

s a ll be tra nscribed p rin te d t h e tra ns crip tion a n d prin t in g

a nd

h hw h h
,

of w ic ou ld be p reju dic ia l t o t h e in te re st s w ic t h e p a pe r
170 Rep orting C on tra c tio ns .

Ex e r c i s e 8 1 (con tinu ed) .

represen t s, yet , at th e sa me t ime

mmerc ia l a n d fi n an cia l co n
,
co

side ra t ion s Imu st n ot b e c o n sidered mere a bstra c ti ons sinc e if

h
, ,

t ere is n o t a s u bs ta n tia l re t u rn in t h ese res pec t s, t h e pro d uc t ion

of the
p m us t soo n c e a se
a pe r Th e ne wspa p er sh ou ld no t be I
y
.

s im pl a m ediu m f or t h e tra nsmissi on o f c ommerci a l fi n a n ci a l

h
, ,

a n d p rof ession a l n e ws o we v er c ircu ms ta n tia l t h e res ec ti ve

, p
ac c ou n t s m a y be Th a t wo uld be a n i nsig nifi ca n t pa rt t o
h h h h
.

p la y, rest ric t ing t h e ig Ie n d s f or w ic th e j o u rna l was

est a blish ed . h
S u c a restric tio n wou ld m ea n a d egen era tion of

th e in fl uen c e of t h e pre s s as a v ery b rief ret rospe c t io n wou ld

h
,

s ow N o, t h e n ewspa pe r I mu st b e i n s tru c tive; it m u st edu

q
.

pu blic op in ion on a ll u e st ion s a ff ec t in g t h e c on s titu tion ; it

c a te

m u st c o n dem n a n y u n con s titu tion a l orga n iza tion w ic m ig h t h h

be p reju dici a l t o t h e peac e of th e st a t e, Ia n d it mu st e x press
in dign a tion a t a n y a tte m p t t owa rd t h e rest ric t io n of t h e c ons ti
v
tu ti ona l pri ileg e s o f t h e peo ple u est io n s o f
ju ri sd ic tion , Q
h
.

ju risprud en ce, con troversy o n va riou s s ubj ec t s, t h e rig ts of

p assen gers , Ia n d simila r t opic s mu st resp ec tively be t rea ted ,
irresp ec tive of a ll pe rson a l p rej ud ice Doc t rines of relig ion ,

h h y
.

owever, su c as tra nsu bs ta n tia tion , a re n o t a l wa s d esira ble

j
su b ec t s f or con troversy , as th e resu lt ma y Ibe ill u sive or u n su b
sta n tia l As a fi n a l observa tion c orres po n den t s s h o u ld ins cri be
h hi
.
,

t eir n a me s a n d a dd resses on t e r co mmu n ic a t ion s a nd th e

h h
,

ins crip tion s ou ld be read ily rea d by t o se wh o i nsp ec t it .

I( 57 0)
 1 72 Rep orting Co n tra c tions .

p lenip ot en t iary a mm en t L
ad m inist ra t or L/ ‘
en t ert ain m ent 1 ,

ad min ist ra t rix K " c on te n t m en t La

e x ec u to r
J a n u a ry
e x e c u t rix

d em on s tra t e I?
n
Fb e ru ary

V "
Sep t em ber °
re m on s t ra te A

l
f

m in ist ry N ov em b er

m ort g a g e d “ Dec em be r J
x

a rbit r a t ion dis c h a rg e - d

p l a in t iff S disp l ea su re
J
d efen d a n t b dis s imil a r 0 k
t ribu n a l
k dist in gu is h d -
c L
v

a p p o in t m en t
" V ’
ex ti g i h d
n u s -
e l
di sa p p oin t m en t L re li q i h d
n u s -
c ”
C
Ex e r c is e 8 2 .

Ecclesia s tica l ma tt ers b e ig n o red in a n ewspa per

c a n no t

M
.

e nt io n mu s t be ma d e f or exa mp le, o f t h e d ea t h o f a n Ep i s co
,

p a lia n d ig n it a ry, s u c h a s a n a rc h bis h op , a n d t h e c la im s t o t h e

v a c a nt ap poin tmen t of a dign ifi ed ecclesia s tic distingu ish ed for
y h
,

h is ben evolen ce ben ign ity , a n d d ig n ity, a n d likel , t e refo re, to

‘

d ign if y t h e o fii ce a n d ben ign a n t ma nn er, a re some

to act in a ,

t ime s u rged I .Con trovers ia l su bj ec t s, o we v e r, suc a s t h e h h

d iff ere n c es b e tween Ep iscop a li a n , P res by teri a n , B ap tis t, a n d
o t h e r N oncon form is t or Eva n g elica l d e n o min a t ion s, o n suc h
p oin t s a s bap tis m tra n su bs ta n ti a tion , t h e a ton emen t t h e resu r
. ,

rec ti on of t h e b od y, Iregen era ti on and t h e b est m ea n s fo r its

a tta in men t w , h at is or is n o t a n ta gon is tic to orth odoxy a n d

h olin ess , t h e tra n smission o f sin , n a t ion a l degen era ti on th e

y
,

n a t u re o f th e celes tia l s pirit s, Ia nd simila r su b ec t s a re u s u a ll

j
 Rep orting C on tra c tions . 3

Ex e r c is e 8 2 (con tin u ed) .

a v oided in newspa pers f o r t h e sufficien t reaso n t at t e wou ld

, h hy
t rea te d wit h efllc iency It wo ul d be mela n ch oly to see
‘
not be .

Pres by teri a n ism or Ca lvi n ism M eth odi sm, or v a riou s f orm s ,

o f N on conf ormi ty , bec a u se in c ert a in res pec t s d iss imila r, e n

g a ged in n e wspa pe r wa rf a re Ph ila n th rop y wou ld n ot be

y
.

en c ou ra g e d p hilan th rop i c work w ou ld c ert a inl su fi er

by it a nd

if it we re n o t a l t og e t e r ex ti n g u is hed h a n y an u n selfis h . M
p h il a n th rop ist wo u ld remon s tra te a n d ex pre ss h is disapp oin tmen t
a nd disp lea s ure a t su c h sel s h c o n d uc t ,
fi wh i h h w ld g
c e ou re a rd a s

a l mos t a misd emea n or a nd t o d emon s t t

ra e h i di ti f s ssa s a c t io n

h m m y h i bl
,

h e m ig t in sist u po n a res ign a tion f ro an c ar ta e c om

m it t ee s, a nd h en cef orth ref u se t o di sc h a rge, o r relin q u is h d u t ie s

w ich hh y
p re v iou sl g iv en h im m u c sa t isfa c t io n a n d con ten t
ad h
men t Th e Lo n don n e wspa pe r p ress in v a ria bly n o t ic es a ig h h
h h
.

’
c lass en terta in men t, or a t ria l in w ic h e it er t h e p la in tifi o r d e

f en da n t is a well k no wn member o f soc iet

-
l fi ilita ry app oin t y .

men ts a lso rec eiv e a f u ll sh a re of a t t ent io n espec ia lly in t h e ca se

of a n on —
,

co mmissi on ed ofiicer b eing pro m ot ed t o a lieu tena/ ncy or ,

re ceiv ing a dec o ra t io n a t t he h a nd s of th e lieu tena n t colonel or

cap ta in o f h is reg im e n t fo r c o n spic u ou s or u n exa mp led b ra v ery
-
.

T h e m o v e me n t s of ru lers wh et h er of H is M aj es ty th e K in g or
.
,

, ,

t h e Pre sid e n t , a nd of t h e m embe rs of th e M i n istry or C a bin et

y
,

a nd t h e p len ip oten ti a ri es a b ro a d , a re n o t i fi ed da il in t h e metro

p oli ta n p ress .met imes a ssert ed t h a t n ewspa per repo rte rs
I t is so

seem t o h a v e e n t ered in to a n orga n ized coven a n t n o t to re port ,

or bu t i nefiici en tly t o n o t ic e servic es a n d se m on s B u t su rely t h e

hh
.

relig iou s p ress is c ap a ble o f dea lin g wit t ese a n d n ot in cap a ble

!
,

o f rec o rd in g a th an ksgiving se rvi ce or sermo n a t a ta bern a c le

Th e leg a l re port s in c lu de n ot ic es o f ca ses in vo lv in g t h e app oin t

men t of a n a d min is tra tor o r a dm in is tra trix ; se tt leme n ts by
a rbitra t io n h
brou g t by a n execu tor or ed ecu tri a:
a c t io n s f or t h e
rec o v ery o f de b t s o win g t o t h e es ta t e m ortga ge dispu tes, and
a p pea ls to h h
t h e ig est tri bu n a l in t h e l a n d Th e c irc u la ti on of
wp
.

so me ne s a pe rs v a ries c o n sid era bly a t t imes, and ma y be

la rger in J a nu a ry and F ebrua ry t h an in S ep tember, N ove mber,
or December .
(460)
 Rp e orting C on tra c tions .

C O N TRAC TI O N S — SEC TI O N 3
REPO RTIN G
.
.

AR RA N G ED FOR L EAR N I N G .

A dv ert ise d m en t
- imp ert urb able

f
‘

in c on sidera te ,

an t a g onist ic - ism "

H
a p p lic a b it if
y
in den t ur e w

in dep en den t - cc
"IE " .

‘1
L in des crib able
a ssembl
?
q ;
‘ K
‘

es u ire L in disp en sa bl o

as to ni s h cd m
- - en t
'

"
cert ifi ca t e \_
o in di vidu a l

con t in g en c y L inf orm c d

\
N
1
-

dem oc ra f}
; L ‘ in fo rm er
“
\ g x

h i
M

en t u s as m -
ast - as t io
S in t ellig en ce J
ex c hqe u er 7
°
in t ellig en t 11

e x p en dit ure
" Q
;

exp en sive b in te m p era n c e m

m
f a il iar it y -
\ fl m an u f ac t ure d - fl
m a n u fac t urer

im p reg n abl e
17 6 Reporting C o n tra c tions .

Ex e r c is e 8 3 (con tin u ed) .

of hy
th e most i n tellig en t a ssemblies ; t e are more in telligible a n d
v y
more g e ne ra lly app lica ble t o e er d a c ircum sta nces t a n t h e h
y
-

l a bo red h a ra ng u es o f less g if ted s pea ers It is n o t I e as t o

h
.

fi n d s ubs ti tu tes f or me n o f su c d is ti ngu ished a bilit y F a mi li a r

h h
.

v
ity wit a su bj ec t, o we er o n ly c o m es f ro m l o ng p relimin a ry
,

y
tra in ing a nd l a bo rio u s s t u d , a nd e min e n t writ ers , n o m a t t e r
h o w Ien th u s ia s tic t h ey ma y be in t h e pu rsu it of kn ou ted e, a nd
v
h o we e r rep ug n a n t t o t h e idea o f a ssoc i a t in g lea rn in g wit mere
t ra d e , h a ve ye t s uffic ien t commerc ia l in st in c t t o re u ire p a yme n t q
v h
in p rop ortion t o t h e a l u e o f t e ir work , a n d t e d ec lin e t o hy
sup e rs c ri be a n a rtic l e wit h o u t t h e p rosp ec t o f pa m en t Th e . y
u nq ues tio na bly im ress t h eir i n dep end en ce u po n t eir work a n d
n o i n tel lige n t h
i n ivid u a l will a sse rt t a t payme n t for suc h se r
,

vic es is a n ex tra va ga n t exp en d i tu re N o twi ths ta nd i ng t h e im

.

p ro ve me n t s mad e by ma n uf a c tu rers o f prin t in g p resse s bo t h in

h
t h e mec h a n ica l c o ns tru c tion o f t h e mac ines th e mse l es Ia n d in v
,

h
t e ir ma n uf a c t ure, t h e p roc ess o f prin t in g a n e wsp a pe r is a n
ex p ens ive o ne A ma th ema tic ia n wo u ld p roba bly be a ble to
h h
.

i nf orm u s wit ma th ema tica l ex ac t it u de w a t wou l d be t h e

c ost of p ro d uc in g a sin g le issu e bu t h e wo u ld , a e t o in c lu de h v
t h e exp e nd it u re in c u rred in a d verti s i n g t h e p a per in a ll p la c e s
h
w ere men a ssemble togeth er, wh e t h er fo r f rien dsh ip or bu si
n ess ; t h e e x pe n se o f o b t a in ing i n tellig en ce on su c a rie d t o pic s hv
as a gricu l t u re a n d a gri c u l tu ra l im plemen t s ; ma th e ma tics ; ma g
netis m : Ex ch eq ue r B ill s ; i nden tu res ; i n temp era n ce a n d it s
c u re ; d emocra cy a nd t h e democra tic pa rt t h e ex tra ord i n a ry
h h
p rop ortions of a lea n in g t ower w ic in c in es g rea t ly f rom t h e
p erp e ndic ul a r ; a nd t h e a l mos t i n d esc ri ba ble a n ta gon ism w ic h h
i s c o n sta nt ly dis la e d b y pers o n s o f a n a n ta on is l ic n a t u re , or
p
of ex t re me sens i bi ity , c o n d u c in g t o i n con si
I ra te o r susp ic iou s

a c t io ns be t te r lef t t o sin k in t o o bsc u ri ty Th e re s u lt of suc h a n

q y ,

q
.

in u ir wo ul d pro ba bl y a ston i sh t h e in u ir e r, wh o w ou l d n o
lo nger be a s ton i s h ed I t h a t s u c h i nd ef a tiga ble e fi o rt s a re mad e
by n e wspa pe r a gen t s t o in c rease t h e n u mber of t e ir s u bsc ribe rs h
a nd t o ind u c e t h e m t o a d vertise as well a s su bsc ribe Th e a ge n t
I
.

is so met imes sus ec ted o f b ein g a n inf ormer, a n d in 5 it s o f

p
h is rep ugna nce h e a s t o p rese rve a n imp ertu rba ble go od u m or
h
w ic h must be a l most impreg n a ble La st December a ma n uf a c
h
.

tu rer was su mmo n ed If or a ssa u lt in g a mech a n i c, a n d t h o u g

h e p rod uc ed a certifi ca te a s t o c h a rac ter, t h e mag ist ra te, W illia m
v
B ro wn , Esq , bou n d h im o er in h is own recogn iza n ces t o
h
'

a ppea r w en call ed u po n .
l (600)
 W O RDS
'

Abs dig Li sr o r C O N TRAC TED 1 7:

- '
. .

ARRA N G ED AL P H A B ETI C A L L Y .

Th e follo win g l ist con ta in s a ll t h e C o n t ra c t e d W ords

e mp lo ye d in t h e C orresp on din g an d Rep ort in g S t yles

Abst ra c t io n \b c ert ifi c a t e v
\
ac kn o wle dg e d -
“
7
“
1
“

c h a rac t er
F

—
ad m in ist ra to r L/ c h a rac t eris t ic
r n

a dm in ist ra t rix L\ o c irc um sta n ce f

a dv ert ise d m en t
-

L c ir c u m sta n t ia l

a g ric u lt ur e - a l c o mm erc ia l

a lt o g et h er co n st it u t ion - a l ly d
an t a g o nist - ic - is m c on st ru c t io n 1.

a n yt hi ng Z : c on te n t m en t La

a p p lic a bl e - flit y con t in g en c y L

7
a p p oin t m en t 3 ? co n t ro v e rsy s ial -

a rbit ra t ion \ c ov e n a n t K
b
a rc h it ec t - u re- a l c ro s s - e x a m in e - d
oro s s e x a m i n a t i on
a l i stoc ra t i c - ac y
'

a rc h bi h s op
da n g e r

a s se mble d y L o -

a st o n is h
c d m en t - - L1 Decem ber
at a
flim e n t L def ec t iv e —
L s

ba p t ize d s t em- - -
de fen dan t t

b e n e v o l en t -
cc defi c ien t -
cy V
\
J
n a nt
b enig n it F deg en era t ion
y
b ett er t ha n \ de mo c ra flfl Ln
J
c a bin e t W demo n st ra t e L7
C a l v in is m desc rip t ion I
,

c a p a ble dest ru c t ion

c a p t a in dest ru c t ive c
l
c at h o lic diffic ul t y
c el est ia l a g in
g -
fle d l
.
1 78 Lis t o f C o n tra c ted Words . dis in f
-
.

dis a p p o in t m en t L
« ,
e xt ra va g an t- sh oe 1
disc h arg e
-
d ) o f amiliar it y - \ A

di sin te re s te d -
nes s L
?
F ebru a ry

dis p l e as u re 5
di s s imil a r d\ f rien d s iph
dis tin gu i h
s -
cd bf
g en era liza t io n J
g o v ern e d m en t K
-

dom e st ic Lv h en c ef ort h (
”
K

ecc le s ia st ic al h o lin e s s (
‘ o

efiic ien t
-
oy ~
ly U im m e d ia t e N

en l a rg e
-
d + \F imm e dia te ly A I
im p e rf ec t ion -
”
N
\

en t h u sias m as t a s t ic
~ ~

S im p o s s ibl e

ep isco p al
-
ian
im p regn a ble

es q u ire L im p ert u rba b le ” V

e sse n t ial ly L im p ro ba bl e bly ilit y - -

e st a blis h e d m en t- in c a p a ble
v
“
\ fl
\

evan g elica l z in co n s idera t e

ev eryt hi ng K / in co n s isten t
~
P
;

in co n s iste n c y
in d ef a t iga bl e
in de n t u re

ex ec u t or in dep en den t -
cc

in de s c rib a bl e "
j \
exp ect - cd

e x p e n ditu re
“ Q
6

A “n
ha in dis p e n s abl ;
‘
e x p en s ive o

f
“

ex te m p oran eo u s

U
.

ext in g ui s h -
cd
“

t ,
in e fiic ie n t —
c y ly
-
‘
180 List o f C o n tra cted Woras '
. j
ob .
-
re s.

Y
ob ec t ion
j 2 p res erva t ion ,

obj ec t ive p rob a bl e -

bl y ilit y -

ob s c urit y

o b se rv a t ion Y p rof e s sio n a l

ob st ru c t ion ” p ro fi c ien t c y ly
- -
v
is
AS t i d
o b st ru c t ive p ro p o r on e
L
-

o rg a n ize -
d \w p ro p ort ion a t e ly

orga n iza t ion 1 6 p ro sp ec t

orig in a l 4 p ro sp ec t ive

ort h odo x y
”

1 p u b l ic -
sh -
cd

Pa rlia m e n t -
a ry V p u blic a t ion

p a s sen g er
y
p ec u liar it y
rec o gni zan c e
p erf o rm e d

p erf o r ms -
ance re f o r m -
cd

p erf o rm er
f
re o r m a t ion

p erp en dic u l a r ref o r m er

p p
er e t ua l -
ly re g en era t io n 4 ,

p er sp ec t ive

p h il t han
p i \
rof y
-
c
‘
relin qihu s -
cd Q
”
,

p hil th pi t re m a rk a ble l y -
an ro s

ph g ph
on o ra er re m on st ra te fl

ph g p hi \ c re p re s en t c d -

on o ra 7

p l a in t ifi 3 re p re se n t a t io n A
p l eni po ten t ia ry rep re s e n t a t i e v
blic
‘
p r ac t ic e -
d -
c a l -
ly L rep u

rep u b lic a n
p ra c t ic a bl e
j dic e
p re u -
c ia l 3A
rep u g n a n t - c c

p reli m in a ry V re s ign a t io n f
.

p rero g a t i ve re s p ec t c d
-

Pre sb yt erian ism -

re s p e c t i e v
re s . - y e s . Lis t f
o C on tra c ted Words .

ilit y A t h anks givin g

re s p on sibl e
'

to g et h er

ret ro sp ec t iv e
tran sc rib e A
re ven u e
‘

A t ra n sc rip t 3
A t ra n sc rip t ion ZN
rev eren d

t ran sf er
L—
t ra n sgre s s l D

s elfish n e ss
- t ra n s gre s s i
on l— D

lf
u
se n sib it
\
y
Sep te mbe r
°
~f ~ t ran s u b st an t ia t ion k
t ri bu n al L
S in g u la r o.,
u n an i m ou s
0

m et hing
(f
so ‘

uncon s t it u t ion al ly
-

s tran g er
u n ders t a n d
‘ "
a
su b e c t
j

su bj ect ive
u n ex p e c t e d ly
Ka
su b s c rib e
f
uni o rm it l
Y S
’
SJ
- '

s u b sc rip t ion

T
V

K u nin t ere st in g
s u b st a n t ia l ly
t q
-

,
un u e st io n a bl e
-
y il
tit u te S
U
su b s
o

l
‘ j
/
u n s a t isf a c to ry
su fiic ien t c y
- -
ly

s u p ersc rib e
-
d 3 a
a
u n s u b s t n t ia l
t
h
,

su rp ris e
W a tev er k
wh en e v er "
t
‘

w on der u l f -
ly

writ e r
0

y e st e rda y
( 1
182 Adva nced Ph raseog raphy .
2 53 4 56

C H A PT ER X X X” .

V
AD AN C ED PHRASEO G RAPH Y — SE
. C TI O N 1 .

25 3 Th e st u d e n t h as a lrea d yb een in t ro d uc e d t o si mple

h XXIV
.

ph ras eogra p li y in C p t er a a n d , if h e h as f ol lo wed

h h
.
,

t h e in st ru c t io n s t ere giv en , h e w ill a ve a c q u ire d a k n o wl

e dg e o f ma n y u sef u l p h ras eog ra m s He may n o w, t h ere

h y h
.

fore , p ro c ee d wit t h e st u d o f m o re a d v a n c ed p rasin g ,

a n d in d o in g so it will b e b et t e r f or h im to ma st er t h e p rin

c iple s e mpl o y ed in t h e c o n st ruc t io n o f h

t h e p ra s eo g ra ms,
ra t h er t h an att e mp t t o c o mm it t h e list s t o ni e mo ry
‘

In
y h
.

d ee d , t h e f o llo wing list s are merel g g est iv e o f u n d red s

su

o f si mila r p h ra ses w ic h hm ay be writt en in a c c o rd a n c e wit h

t h e p rin c ipl es ere g iv en h
S pec ia l at t en t ion w ill, o f c ou rse,

h h h h y
.

b e p aid t o t o s e p ra ses w ic will b e s pec ia ll u se f u l to

th e st u d en t .

25 4 . Th e h a l vi n g prin c ipl e is em plo ed in p h raseog ra y

h I
‘

h y t o e x press th e a d d it io n o f n ot o r i t; t u s, i will,
p
‘p
I will no t ; a /
you a re, an
you a re no t ; if ,
\
o
if it is ; if it be ;
\ if it be not .

25 5 . Th e d o ub le l en g t -
h p rin c iple is s im ila rl y e mp lo y ed

to ex press the a d d it io n of there o r their ; t h us, I

th ink,
t
o
I t hi nk ther e is ; a nd in , w a nd in
their op inion .

256 . Th e l arg e in it ia l is p re fi x ed t o Iogog ra ms

c irc le

as a c o n t ra c t io n f or a s we; t u s, 9 as we thin k Th e h .

l arg e c irc le is al so u se d initia lly t o e x press t h e word as

a nd th e s wit h whi h c a f o llo w in g word ma y c o mm e n c e ;

h Q
t us,
R as soon a s p ossible; a n d med ia l ly and fi na lly
18 4 Adva n ced Ph ra seography .

PH R A S ES (H A L V ING P R I N C I P L E) .

W y ou m u st n ot

I a m n ot
‘

I c an y ou s h oul d n ot be
H
I c a nn ot yo u w ere

I c a nn ot be y ou were n ot

I ca n n ot do y o u will
‘

f’ y o u wil l n ot

{I
c a n n ot sa y
c

c a nn ot s ee

I h ad
flu / "a s if it w ere

h h
b y w ic

b y w h i h it wc as
‘
3 . I did n ot

I h “

op e y ou will
if it do e s

I h \ if it is
yo u will n ot
0
op e

if it is n ot
I m a y be

I m ay n ot be in w
h h i
ic t h as a pp eared

I s h a l l n ot
of wh ic h it h as b ee n

h be o f w h i h it m
c u st be
I s a ll n ot

I t ru st
L a t a n y ra t e

n ot
L" a t a ll even t s
I t ru st
v H a t a ll t im e s
) I wa s
0 a t so me t ime
I wa s n ot

at th e sa m e t ime
K m f or s om e t im e
you c a nn ot

N A from t im e to t im e
y ou m ay

y ou may n ot
 Adva n ced Ph ra seog raphy .
185

Ex e r c is e 8 4 .

M y dea r S ir s—For some t ime

- - - -
t I -
h a v e- be en u nable to
write to you I h a v e d esired a n as I p ro mised you wh e n you
h h y
- - as - - - .

- were ere I o pe you will n o t be a n n o ed a t my a p a ren t

- - - - -
.

n eglec t Y ou sh o u ld n ot be, a n d I a m su re you wil m o t be

.
- - - - - - - -

wh e n you a re a wa re ( o f t h e) reason f or my silen c e I h a ve n o

h
- -
.
- -

d ou bt you will re membe r t a t I was n o t well p re v iou s t o you r

h
- - - - - o

visit , b ut La m sorry t o t ell you I a v e be e n u n d er t h e c a re of

- - - - - -

Dr B ro wn e v er sinc e t h e d a y o n l eft I nd eed , you we re n ot

h h h l
- - - -

—
. .

o n e mo re t a n a n o u r w en h ad to se n d f o r t h e p h ysic ia n
-
.
- -
.

d o- n o t k n ow wh a t c a u se d m y il ln ess ; I c a n n o t sa y t h a t I a m
h h
- - - - -

a wa re of a u yt h in g t o- wh ic it ma y be d u e I k n o w of n o t in g t o
h h y
- - - -
.

w ic it c a n b e t ra c ed At a ll c v e n t s it h as b een ver se v ere,

y h
- - - - - ~ -
. ,

an d , f or so m e t im e , m y rec o v er wa s c o n sid ered

- - o peless Of .

I a m n ot ye t ou t o f t h e w ood , a nd I must n ot I boa st ,

y
-c o u rse - - ~ - - -
,

bu t I t h in k I a m f airly o u t h e roa d t o c om p let e rec o v er Y ou

h
- - -
.

will be sorry t o le a rn t h a t I a m n ot yet st ro n g e n o u g t o leave

h
- - - - - - -

my roo m b u t you mu st n o t s u p po se t a t I a m in d a n g er I
t o—
- - - -

t rust I sh a ll b e a bl e—
.
,

ma ke a n eff ort t o v isit you so me time

h h
- - - - -

d u ring t h e c o min g m on t At a n y ra t e I a m o p in g so I
h y
- - -
. .
,

a v e h ea rd t h a t you were inj u red sli g h t l in t h e ra il wa y a cc i

F —
- ~ - -

d e n t la st rida y I s t h is t rue ? I t ru st n o t I f it is, you a re n ot

y
- - - - - -
. .

likel t o b e im prov ed by my let ter I f it is n o t you W ill p ard on

h
- - - - - -
.
,

my me n t io n in g t h e report I n a n y c a se , you m ig t se n d m e
h
- - -
.

word a n d if you c a n spa re th e time, per a p s you will c orn e ov er

M
- - -
,

ou on da y
- f you c a nn ot a rra n g e t h is, p lea se in form me f rom
.
- -

t ime to t ime h o w you are g e t t in g o n wit h t h e n e w b u sin ess, t o

h
- - - -

- wh ic it a ppea rs you are d e vo t in g yo u rse lf

- - If it be a s su c c es - - -
.

If yo u d o y ou m u st n o t b e su rprise d t o fi n d o u r ea lt giv in — y h h
h
- - -

wa I a v e n o d o ub t ( o f t h e) u lt ima te su cc ess of you r pa t en t

- - - -
,

an if it were n ecessa ry, I c ou ld a rra n g e t o in v est a c on sid era ble

y
- - - -

a mou n t in t h e bu sine ss I ca n not d o a n t h in g in t h e ma tte r (of

h h
- - - - -
.

t h e) s ares yo u spok e ab ou t u n t il I a v e seen yo u a

—
in I
h gi
- - .

ca n n ot se e t h a t t h ere is a n y u rry a bou t t h e a ff a ir n d oe s

h h h
- - - - -
.

a p pe n t a t t h e s a res a re a ll t a k en u p be f o re I ma k e a p pl ic a
h h
- - -

t ion L sh a ll n ot min d very mu c h L a m t ru st in g o wev er, t a t

M y
- .
-
,

y ou will be a bl e t o pay me a visit o n o n da a n d ex pl a in ma t

Y y
-

M
- - - - -

te rs ours t ru l ,
. THO MAS u ms (510) .
 ’
186 Adva neea P/zra seogr aphy .

ADV AN C ED PH RAS EO G RAPH Y —SEC TI O N 2 . .

Pn a x sns B
( DO U L E LEN G TH - AN D Sw ) .

1 h a ve h if t ere

I h a ve t h eir \ if t h
0 ere is

if t h ere 18 to be

i th n eir

I see t h ere is

I wis h th ere were t h ou g h th ere is

I a m sure
wh e n ev er th e re ( or th e ir)

I a m sure t he re is as soon a s
Q
u
I k n ow
'

\ as soo n as po ssibl e

I kn o w th ere is (or h as )
M I kn ow t h ere is n ot as s oo n a s t h ey

J h will b
rkn ow t ere e on h
t is su b ec t j
w h th i
k e ave e r as we ca n

\ b f th
e ore( th i ) ere or e r as we c a nn ot

K f th
or ere as we h a ve

f th i
or w e r o n as w el l a s ca n be

t h e ir sa ke as w ell as p os sible

fro m t h eir as w ell a s us u a l

“
1 88 A dva n ced P h ra seography .

ADV AN C ED PH RASEO G RAPH Y .

—SEC TI O N 3 .

V .
“
I am g la d every c ircu m st an ce
i I a m v ery g la d u nde r t he c irc u msta nce s
I a m c ert a in th a t you are
V ‘
\ p ec u lia r c irc um sta nce s

H I a m c on fi den t
p ec u lia r c irc u m

zI am in c l in e d t o t in k h st a n c e s o f t h e c a se

A I w ill c on s ide r
I h a v e c o n c lu de d

f
o
l I will c o n s ide r the ma tter
we h a v e c on c lu de d
h
/
T
t a t c on c lu sion
it is c on sidere d
sa t isfac t or y c o n cl us ion
f u ll y c on s idere d

f u rt h er c on sider ed
u n sa tisfa c t ory c o n cl u sio n

fu r th er c on s idera t ion
h a vin g re g a rd to

m u st b e c o n s idere d
w it h reg a rd to

w it h re s p ec t to
s h a ll be c on sidere d
in rela t ion to
s h a ll b e t a k en in to
c o ns ide ra t ion w it h rel a t ion to
wh ic h will b e c o nside re d
in ref ere n c e to
w ic h h w ill b in t o
‘
e t a ken
c o n s id e ra tio n wit h f
re e ren c e to
i n to c ons i dera t i on ‘

w it h refe ren c e t o wh ic h
t a ke (t a k en ) in to
c o n s id era tio n in r ep ly to
a f te r du e c o n s ide ra t io n
I h a v e rec eiv e d

in c on s e q u en c e o f
we h a ve re c e ive d
q ue nc e o f

h
n e c essa ry c o n se

an d in t i s m an n er
on th e c on t ra ry

and th e c on t ra ry
an d in lik e m ann er

in ,
c on n ec t ion w it h a nd in t h e sa me ma nn er

a l l c irc u m st a n c es in su c h a m a nn er as
 Adva nc ed Plzra seog raphy .

Ex e r c is e 8 8 .

M yh as- bee n defi n e d t o be d esire ca pit alize d, a nd - as - far-as

hi
on e
La m c o n c erned , L a m defi n it io n I h a v e c o n t en t to ac c ep t t
h
- -
s .
-

t ou g h t o f it in a ll rn a n n er o f wa ys a n d I h a v e c o me t o t h e
y
- - - - - - -
,

co nc lu sio n af te r d u e c o n sid e ra t ion of e v er c irc umsta n c e in

y
- - -
,

c o n n e c t io n - wit h t h a t t h e d e fi n it io n is sa t is fac t o r
the s u b ec t , j
h
-
.

L a m c o nfid en t t a t if
-
y o u w i ll c o n s id e r t h e m a t t e r you
- -w
ill , - - -

a s a n e c e ssa ry c o n seq e n c e , c o me t o th e sa m e c on c lu sion In a

q y — h
- - - -
.

g e n u in e in u ir , t h e c o n c l u sion is n ot a rri e d a t wit ou t so me v

c o n sidera t io n of o p posit e iews O u t h e c on t ra ry, t ose vie ws v
—
.
- -
h
mu s t be c o n s id ered ii we a rc t o c ome t o a sa t isf ac t ory-c on c lu s ion
~ - - -
-

ou t h e su bj ec t Ha in g reg a rd , t h erefo re, t o t h e inte rest ing v

q h
- - - -
.

n a t u re (o f t h e) u est io n be f ore u s, it will be a greed t a t it -

y
- -

v
d eser es t o be f u lly c on side re d a n d l ook ed a t f rom e e r poin t v
y h
-

v
(o f) ie w It d e ma n d s t h a t e er t hing t a t c a n be sa id in v
h
- - -
.

. re la t io n t o it s h a ll be c o n sid e red , a n d t h a t a n yt h in g w ic h ma y,
- - - - -

in a n y wa y, h elp u s t o a n 0 in ion sh a ll be ta k en in t o c on sidera

- - - - - -

t io n , in d eed , mu st be t a e u int o c ons id era t ion L imit ed

q h
- - -
.

s pac e , h o wev er, f orbid s m y e n l a rg ing u p on t h e u est io n in su c .

- -

a- ma n n e r a s m ig h t be d on e u n d er o rdin a ry c irc u m s t a n c e s, s o
h
- - - -

t a t , u nd er t h e c rrc u mst a n ces, I m u st be c o n t e nt t o l ea e ou t v

h h
- - - - - -

so me-c o n sid era t io n s , w it h re g a rd t o- w ic h a g rea t d ea l m ig t

h h
- - -

be sa id , a n d in re s pe c t t o wh ic h t h ere mig t , p er a ps, b e a

- - - - -

d iff e ren c e of O pin ion Let Iu s- c on side r a f e w po in t s, a n d I .

-

sh a l l be-c o n te n t t o lea e t h e f urt h er c o n side ra t io n (of t h e) q u es v

h
- - - -

t io n to t h e rea d er A g rea t writer, s ea kin g wit ref e renc e t o

h h
- - -
.

t is- su bj e c t o f m o n e y, po in t s ou t t a t w it reg ard t o a f u t ure

h
- - - -

e x c a n ge m o ney is, a s it were, ou r sec u ri t y For, h e sa ys , it is

yh h
- - -
.

-
n ec e ssa r t a t h e wh o brin it s ou ld -
b e a bl e t o g et w h a t h e - - -

wa n t s Ii t h e re ader w ill t a e int o c on side ra t ion t h e f ull mea n

.
- - - -

in g (o f t h e) l as t se n t e nc e, h e will se e t h a t wh a t h e wa n ts is
h
- - -

“
w
bu t a n o t er a o f sa yin g wh a t h e d esire s A g a in w ith
‘

h —
- -
. . ,

-
res pe c t t o c o in e m on ey , a n ot e r a u t h o rit y d ec lares t h a t it is a
- -

k ind o f bill or orde r pa ya ble a t t h e will (of t h e) bea rer In

h
-
.

-
l ike ma n ner, st ill a n o t h er writ er sta t es t a t a c oin ma y be- c o n
- -

s id e re d a s a b ill u po n a ll t h e t ra d es me n in t h e n eig h bo rh oo d
h — h
- -
.

T a t is, if I a e v
rec ei ed a c o n fo r se r ic es ren dered t o
i v v
h—v h h
-

so mebo d y else I c a n a e, in re t u rn , a n yt h in
g Ld esire w ic
q h
- -

- is e u a l in va lue t o it I n rela t io n t o t h is poin t, a f o u rt

h h h
- - -
.

a u t o rit y sa ys m o n ey is a warra n t w ic g i es t h e be arer t h e v

h
-

rig t t o d ra w f ro m soc iet y wh e n h e d esires se r ic es a c c o rd in g t o v

q
- -

t h e va l u e ( of t h e) c oin I n re ply t o s imilar u est io n s ia

hv
- -
.

rega rd to t h e n a t u re o f m on ey a rio u s o t h er write rs v

h h h
-
a e
- - -

a n swere d in t h e sa me m a n n e r, so t a t I a e c on c lu de d t at v
h
- - - - - -

t h e d efi n it io n referred t o is tolera bly ac c u ra t e , a n d a ing t e v

h h
- -

-
g a rd t o- h -
v
t e e id e n ce it ca nn ot be- sa id t a t I a ve c ome t o a n - - -

un sa tisfac tory c on c lu sion ( 500 -

.
190 A dva n ced Ph ra seog raphy .

E RA H —
ADV AN C ED PHRAS O G P Y S EC T I O N . 4 .

“
h e a g a in an d a g a in
2 in t h e la s t p lac e

| l\ deep er an d deep er
V ‘
Qi o n th e n ex t p l a ce
K h
O

le s s an d le s s on th e on e an d

m o re an d m ore on th e ot h h der an

m 19 8 3 th
'
ore 0 1 on th e o ider s e
“
f n ort h a n d sou t h
on t h e p a rt of

” f r ig t h 01
‘
wron g as a matte r of c our s e

8 0 0 11 9 1 0 1
' '
la te r as a m a tter of f ac t
w

at t h e p res en t d a y in fac t
V t h e wa y
a ll in p o in t of f ac t

3;
by t h e w a y f ac t s of th e c a se

w a l l o v er t h e world f ac t of th e m a t ter
W a ll p a rt s of t h e wo rl d b x a bl e to m a ke
h
W h at is th e ma t ter
L I sha ll b e g la d t o kn ow
for t h e fi rs t t im e
we sh all be gl ad to h ear
s h ort sp ace of t im e
L do y ou m ea n t o sa y
7
Y f ro m fi r st t o la s t
e x t en t
s
f to a g rea t
\
“
f in th e fi rst in st a n ce
? gre a t m ea su re
d
in a
W
” cl
in th e fi rst p l ac e
N on e an ot h er

th e s e co n d p l ace
M be t ween t h em

x in t h e t ird p lac e h (O mit h oo k it in si mil ar p hra ses) .

Ex e r c is e 8 7 .

At th e- present-t ime g rea t a t te n t ion is pa id to th e ex pl ora t ion

h h
- -

(of t h e ) N ort h a n d So u t p oles (o f t h e) ea rt b ex plorers o f a ll

h h h h
- -

n a t io ns ; be t wee n t e m t ey h a ve a dd ed mu c to g eogra p ic a l
- -

k n o wled ge, a n d ih a g rea t -measu re in vest igat ors a t t h e p resen t

y h —
- - - - - .

o
da k n ow a s muc a bou t th ese reg ions in point of—
- f ac t a s is o f -
192 B u siness Ph ra ses a nd Contra c tions .

C H A PT ER XX X III .

B U SIN ES S PHRASES AN D C O N TRA C TI O N S .

S EC TI O N 1 .

I am in r ec e i t of I b eg t o e n c lo s e
yo ur e t te r h erewi t h

I a m in rec eip t o f I be g to inform y o u

y our fa vor

I a m in re c e ip t o f I e n c lo s e ac co un t
est ee me d f a v or

I a
y o ur

m direc t e d
I e n c l o se c hq e ue

I a m dire c t ed to sta t e
I en c lose in voic e
I e n c l o se h ere wit h
I am d irec t e d t o
inf o rm yo u
I e n c lo se st a t e men t
I am in s tru c te d
en c los ed le t te r
I a m in stru c t ed to st a t e

en cl osed p lea se fi n d
I a m in s t ru c t ed to
in to rm y ou
I ca n a s s ure y ou
I a m re q u este d
I do n o t u n ders ta n d

I a m re q u es t e d to st a t e
I h a ve to ac kn owled ge

q of your l et te r
‘

re c ei p t
I a m re u este d to
i n fo rm y o u I h a ve to ca l l a t te n tio n

( or y ou r a t te n ti on )
I a m s urp rise d
I h a ve to inform you
I a m ra t h er s urp rised
I h av e th e h o n or

I am muc h o blige d I h a ve th e plea surh

I be g t o ac kn o wled g e
re t e ipt of y o ur le t t e r I h ow you will
I be g t o
rec ei p t o f
ac kn o w led g e

y o u r f a vo r
I h ope yo u are sa tis fi ed

I be g t o ca ll a tte n t io n I re g ard
( or you r a tte n t io n )
I b eg to en c lo s e I reg ret
 B usiness P/zra ses a nd C on tra c tions .
3

I regret to sta te you will be su rp rise d

we are in a posit ion yon Will bO glt d to kn ow

we are muc h oblige d

we resp ec t full y re
t o yo u

q u e st
y o ur f a v or

y our est eem ed fa v o r

we a re s u rp ri se d
y ou rs f a it f u lly h
we beg t o q u ote
f a ithf uny y ou rs
y ou a re a t l ib ert y
you rs o b e dien t l y

y ou m a y as w el l
o bedient s e rvan t
y our

yo u m a y c on sider
”
C

T your s re spec t full y

M ‘

]
s y ou mu st c on sider y ours t ru ly

Ex e r c is e 8 7 a .

Dea r S ir —I e m
in rec eipt of ou r l et t er ( of t h e) 24t h a n d I
- - - - - y -
,

reg re t t o st a te t h a t La m u n a ble t o g iv e o u t h e in f orma t ion

q
- - - -
-

o u re u ire I c a n a ssu re you I s h o u l b e plea sed t o d o so

y
h h
- - - - - -
.

i f it were-p o ssible L a m su rp rise d t o- ea r f ro m you t a t t h e

h
- - - - -
.

f u n ds o f you r soc iet y a re in suc a ba d wa y I reg a rd - th e

y
- - -
.

obj ec t s (of t h e) so c iet a s most pra isewort h , a n d I c a n n ot

h hh
- .

u n ders t a n d h o w it is t a t p u blic su p po rt s o u ld be wit eld

h
- -
.

I en c l ose c ec k for ten d olla rs a s a su b sc ri t io n a n d- sh a ll be

y
- o
,

g l a d t o g iv e t h e sa me a mou n t ne x t ea r a m m uc h obli ed
g
Y y
~ - - - - - o -
.

-
t o you f or- t h e c opy (of t h e) report
- ours t ru l
I( 120) . .

Ex e r c is e 88 .

Dea rS ir: I e m in stru c t ed by m y Board t o a sk you w en th e -

h
h
' - - - - - - - ~

a mou n t o win g t o t e m b y your C o mpa n y is l ikely t o b e p a id

La m re uested a lso t o p o in t ou t t o—
q
- -
.

you th a t t h is a c c ou n t is
y
- - - -

co n sidera bl o verd u e a n d I a m direc t ed t o in f orm you t h a t if ,

- - - - - -

pa y me n t is n ot ma d e on o r b ef ore S a t u rda y nex t proc ee din g s

-

h h
,

Will Ibe t a ken W it ou t f u rt er d el a y ; I en c lose stat e m en t of

h
- -

a cc ou n t on c e more a n d I op e y ou Will d o a ll in you r po wer t o

Y
- - - - - -
,

re n de r leg al mea su re s u n n ec e ssa ry our o bedien t serva n t .

- - .

( 90)
 ’
194 B u sin ess Ph ra ses a na C on tra c tions .

Ex e r c i s e 8 9 .

Dea r S ir —I b e g - t o - ac kn owledge rec eipt of- you r- l et ter ( of

q
- - -

th e ) 4t h in st a n d - ih I h a ve t h e
ac c o rd a n c e - wit h u est

h y
, .
-
o u r-
re - -

l a su re t o e n c l ose h ere wit c o py (o f t h e) pa pe r ref erre d to I

h h
p e -
.

a m- g la d t o ea r t a t you we re a t t h e m eet in g , a n d I h o pe you

h
- - - - - - - - -

a re sa t isfi e d W it t h e re su lt I a m ra t h er su rp rise d t h a t t h e
h
- - - - - - - -
.

l oc a l pre ss did n o t giv e m o re p ro m in en c e t o o n e or t wo s peec es

h q
- - -

wh ic were , in my o pin io n , v a lu a b le c o n t ribu t io n s t o a u estion

h
- - -

o f vita l int ere st a t ( t h e) pre sen t t im e W it reg a rd t o m y o wn

y
- - .
.

a p er, I be g t o- c a ll ou r a t t e n t ion t o t h e f ac t t h a t t h o u g h a g oo d
p
- - - - -

d eal Wa s sa id u pon it n o on e ven t u red to c on t ra d ic t t h e s ta t e

h
- - -
.

me n t s m ad e I wit referen c e t o th e d u t ie s o f a c c ou nt a n t s a nd
- - - -

a u dit ors You w ill- see f ro m t h e-e n c losed le tt e r t h a t I h a d

.
- - - -

a m ple reaso n s f or m y asse rt io n s Y ou a re a t libe rty to mak e

-
.
- - - -

u se you th in k p rope r (of t h e) Y o u m a y co n sider

h y
an a pe r
y-
- -
.

it is wort h p u blis h in g If so I -t in yo u m igh t se n d a c op

yy
- - -
.
,

t o all t h e m e mbe rs
-
F a ith fu ll
o
ou rs ( 18 0) .
-
.

Ex e r c is e 9 0 .

G en tlemen —W e a re mu c h o b liged to- you f or you r in u ir , q y

h
- - - - -

a nd a v e t h e- ple as ure t o e n c lo se h e re wit h p a t te rn s a n d prices

q
- - - -

(o f t h e) c l oth s referre d t o W e respec t f u lly re ues t a n ex a mina

h
- -
.
.

t ion an d c o m pa riso n o f ou r g oo d s wit h t ose o f a n y o t h er ma k

h — h
- - -

e rs , a n d we a ve n o d o u bt ( o f t h e) re su l t , k n o wing , as we do , t a t
h h h
- - - - s

Q
- we a re ih a p o sitio n t o m a n u fac t u re c lot s ( of t h e) ig est
y
- - - -

u a l it y a n d t o n ot e te rms a t le as t as f a vo ra b le as a n on e
h
-
.

’
Ve- a re-su rp rise t o lea rn t a t ou r re prese n ta t iv e h a s n ot ca lled! - -

n you, a n d w e- will inst ru c t h im t o d o so in t h e f u t u re

ig h
u
i
q
- - - -
.

VV h reg a rd to t h e spec ial c lot you re u ire f or t h e G ov ern

q
- - - - - -

m en t c on t rac t, we be g to uo te you on e d ollar pe r ] ya rd, a nd we

h
- - - -

-c a u
gu a ra n te e a b so lu t e sa t isf ac t ion if you p lac e t h e ord er wit - -

u s in d u e c ou rse We- be g t o- c a ll you r a t t en t io n a lso , t o- t h e en

h h
.
- -

c lo se d sa mpl es o f f a n c y l in in gs w ic w e a re m a n u fac t u rin g

h
- -
,

f or t h e c o ming se a son a n d whic we are- a ble to o ff er a t- t h e

-
,
- - - -

ex c eedin gly lo w p ric es m a rk e d o u t h e I f you

pa t t e rn s
h
-
are -
.
-

in t h e ma rk et f or t is c la ss of g ood s, we f eel s u re t h a t yo u
h
- - - - - - ~ ~

c a n n o t d o b e tte r t a n g iv e t h ese sa m ples yo u r c on sid e ra t ion

y
- - - .

W e h ave a large st oc k ( of t h e ) I good s rea dy f or del iv er , a n d

h Y
-

- we o pe you will be a b le t o f a v or u s wit h a n o rder

- - - - -
ou r -
.
.

e stee med fa vors w ill a t a ll t ime s c omma nd our

prompt a t t en
Y y
- - -

t ion ou rs- respe c t fu ll

. (240) .
 ’
196 B usiness P/zra ses a na C o n tra c tions .

be s t a tte n t ion b a la n c e s h eet

(0
NG '

K
be st of m y a bili t y
ba la n c e
2 53 37 1
,
t
00

pa ymen o f ” ca n “
be st of o u r a bilit y
“ mm “ °f ” 0 0 0“
best of you r a bili ty

bes t of t h eir a bility

be st q ua lit y
b ill of e x c h an g e

s to c k ex c h an g e

be st p ri c e
7
3
“
in ex c h an g e
be et t erm s
b ill of la d in g
lo we st te rm s b ill o f sa le
u n de r

be st fin is h V
0
u n derwrit ers

be st t h a nks \/ L o rdin ary ra t es

b a l an c e d u e s p ec ia l ra te s

Ex e r c is e 9 1
y
.

Dea r S irs —In we beg to

re pl y- t o- you r- le t t er of e st erd a y ,
h h
- - -

ta t e t a t t h e bill o f— -
la d in g a n d t h e bill of e x c a n g e were f o r
- - - - .

wa rd ed t o you by fi rst post o n Tue sd a y m orn in g las t , in reg is

hy
- - - ~

t eredl let te r, a dd re sse d a s u su a l, a n d we a re su rp rise d t h a t t e

h h q h
- - - -

a v e n ot rea c e d you
- We will make in u iries e re , a n d in t h e
.
- -

mea n t im e, if Iyou rec eive t h e let t er k in d ly in form u s bv wire

y
- - -

a t -o n c e Ref errin g t o ou r let t er (of th e) 2 7 t h u lt , a n d ou r

y h
- - -
. .

-re
pl t o sa me, we h a v e writ t en t h e work s, p re ssin g t em t o
y y
-

g iv e e a rl a t t e n t io n t o th e m a t t er a n d t o m ak e th e n ec essa r
h
» - - - - -

a rra n g em en t s f o r f o rwa rd in g t h e g ood s t o- t h e fi n is ers as — soo n

h
-

- s r
ea d y W e a v e in stru c t ed t h e I la t t er t o giv e th e ma t eria l
h h h
a - - -

th e best fi n is , a n d we a v e n o —
- -
.

d ou b t t h ey w ill d o so W e a ve
h
- - - - - - -
.

a lso m en t io ne d yo ur c o m la in t as-t o t h e fi n is (of t h e) las t I

p
- -

c o n sig n men t , a n d we a re a ss u re d t h a t s pec ia l c a re will b e ta k en

- - -

t o p re v en t a rep et it io n (o f t h e) mis t a ke in t h e f u t ure In

y h
-

a v e t h e—
-
.

a cc o rd a n c e wit h ou r re q u est , we pl ea su re t o enc lose

- - - -

st a t eme n t- o f ac c ou n t u p t o- t h e 30t h u l t , a n d we t ru st yo u will

q h
- - -
.

-fi n
d t h is u ite in ord e r O u r M r Ra l p s W ill be in yo u r t own
-
. .
- - -

oil W e d n e sd a y I n e x t , a n d will g iv e you a c a ll

-
W e h a v e se n t - .
- -

you b y p a rc el po st a c o py of o u r n e w a t tern bo ok , a n d we
y
- - - -
o

sh a l] b e g la d t o rec eive ou r k in d I o r ers f or a n y ( of t h e)

h V yy
- - - - -

ma teria ls nam ed t erein ery t ru l ou rs (250) .

- -
.
 ’ 1 97
B us i ness P/i ra ses a na Co ntra c tion s .

Ex e r c is e 9 2 .

Dea r S ir —I n -
re pl yt -
o- you r- f a v or (of t h e) l 6t h In st we
y f d pi g
.
,

reg ret t h a t we - - c a n n o t u n d ert a ke -

th e re sp on sibil it o a o t n

y ou r su
gg i with g d t th m h i W
est o n s willi g -
re ar -
o- e ac ne e- are n

bilit y
.

to -
th p i
e x ec u t e t th b t f e d th
re a rs o- e es -
o - ou r- a , an -
ou - e

l w o t m p ibl b
es t w-
t t d i
er sl loss h e, ut as e s a e n ou r a st - ett er, t e
m th d ye p p w ld Ib
o t t d d wi h g
s ou t i k t th
ro o se ou e a en e t rea r s o- e

rid If y er d id t l v
. h m tt -
t y
ou m ig h t i f m
ec e o- e a e- t e- a er o us ou - n or

us by t f p d w will p t t h
- re u rn - o w ki h d t
- o st, a n - e- u e or n- an a - o n ce,

t b
so- a s- bl d p h t h m h i by g d t
o- e- a e- t o es a tc e ac ne - oo s -
ra in ou

-S t d y W
a ur d h dly y h t w p y th b t p i
a e n ee f ar sa t a -
e a e es o
r ce or

t h m t b ( f th )
.

ll h m t i l w
'

a -
t d w g
e- t
a er a s e u se, a n -
e u a ra n ee e o e o e

b t q lit y b t i b l
es - R f uai g —
y l ( f th ) 9th
o a na e e err n -
to ou r- et t er o e

w h v d t q t
.

i t ns .
,
b t i d
e- th a i
e- o ne o u r e st o n u c e- e c a rr ers o- uo e

fo r t h e good s c on sig n ed t o you , bu t t h ey d ec lin e t o

spe c ia l- ra te s - - - -

- ma k e a n
y re d u c t io n ou th e o rd in a ry ra tes u n less t h e t ra ffi c is - -

y h
-

c on sid era bl in c rea sed Wit referen c e t o ou r st a te me n t of - - - - .

q
.

- ac c ou n t we beg t o- c a lly ou r a t t en t ion t o t h e

f o r la s t u a rt er, - - - -

h
f ac t t a t t h e bal a n c e du e h a s n ot yet b een rec eiv ed a n d we
- - - -

h h
,

-
will t a nk you f o r a c eck o r posta l ord er f or t h e a mou n t a t
- - - - -

- y ou r ea rl iest - c -
on v en ien c e We giv e earl y c on sid era t ion
-
sh a l l -

y q
.

to -
ou r in u irie s f o r- t h e spe c ia l t a n d e m an d W ill f orwa rd t h e ,
-

spec i fi c a t io n d esired a s- soon a s- c o n -

v en ient . You rs f a ith f u lly -
.

(250)
 ’
1 98 B u siness P lzra ses a na C on tra c tions .

B U SIN ESS PH RASES AN D C O N TRA C TI O N S .

S EC TI O N 3
a d dition a l e x
f fir s t c o st {r e
}, p e n se

{T o
at fi rst co s t
[f a a ddit ion al co st

fi rs t - cla ss ”
L boa rd of direc tors

fi rst q u a lit y

fi rs t in st a n t direc to rs
’
re po rt

fi rs t n ot ic e

fi rst in s ta l men t

l a st wee k dia te ly

h
t is week disco u n t f or cas h
n ex t we ek

l a st m o n t h
f rom th e la st re
M on da y m orn in g p o rt

f urth e r pa rt ic ul a rs
Tuesda y a fte rn oo n

W e dnesday evening g oo ds n o t to h an d

n ot y et t o h an d

\ z. p l ea se q u o t e us

\ l u s kn ow
j u st p o ss ible
p l ea se et
e ,

p lease l e t me know j u st rece ived

\ s p l ea se n ot e make a n ap po
int ment

M p l ea s e in f orm us
m a kers up

\ f
p l ea s e f
ac co rdin g
o rwa rd

to
ag ree me n t t ra de m a rk
ac co rdin g to t h
eir
sta te me nt b t ra des u n ion

Ex e r c i s e 98
G en tlemen —
Plea se n ot e- u s y ou r- lo west - price , f o b Chi
y q y
. . .

c a go , f or fort t on s o so da c ryst a l s, fi rst - u a lit , in cas s k

 La w P lzra ses .

C H A PT ER X X X l V .

LAW PHRASES .

C entral C riminal C ourt

Ac t u al d a mag e
c irc u msta nt ial e vid en c e

a n d o rd er
'

affi d av it
C irc u it C ou rt
a rt ic les o f agreement
C it yC o u rt

as t o th e ma t te rs
C om mo n j ur y
as to t h e se matt e rs C o mmo n l aw

as to t h o se m at t e rs C o un t y Cl er k
B a n k ru pt c yC ou rt
C oun t yC o u rt

b efo re h im C ou n t yT rea su re r

b e fo re me C ou n sel f or th e defen se

b e in g d ul y ws o rn C o u n sel f or th e de fe n d
a nt

b e n e fi c ia l e st a t e C ou nsel f or th e pl aintiff

C ou nsel f or th e prison er
b en e fi c ia l int erest
C ou n sel for th e p ross en
t io n

b ill o f sale of Ap pe a ls
C o u rt
b re a c h
ma rriage
of p romise of
C ourt of B a nkru pt c y

h
b y t is ac t io n
C o u rt of C laims

by th i s c o u rt C ou rt of Eq u it y
C ourt o f Gen eral Ses
s ion s
C all e d f or th e d efen dant

C alled f or th e p l aint iff

C o u rt of J u st ic e

C all ed in h is o wn beh al f C ou rt of Rec ord

 201
La w P h ra ses .

C o u rt of S pec ial S es
f or t is h a c t ion

c rimin al j urisp ruden ce

f or t is h c ou rt

c ro Ss ex a m in a tion
G en era l t erm
Dee d o f set t le men t

d ee d o f t ru st gen tle men of th e j u ry

d ef en d an t
’
s te st im o ny
g oo d s an d c h at t el s

d ire c t e v id en c e go v e rn men t sec urities

d irec t ex a min a t ion

W G ra n d J y
ur

Dist ric t At t orn e y g ro ss re c eipt s

Ha b eas C orp u s
Dis t ric t C ou rt h e irs , ex ec u t ors , a d min
i et t a t o re , a n d a s sign s

d o you mean t o s ay
h eirs , ex ec u to rs , a d min
is tra t o rs , or as sign s

vid
doc umen tary e en c e

If Y our Hon o r p lease

Ec c lesias t ic al C ourt
’
mployer s liabilit y
in t is h a c t io n

hi
e

in t s c o u rt
1
e q uit y of red e mp tion
M in w it n ess w h ereof

F e d e ral C ou rt interloc u tory d ec ree

fee simpl e in t e rn at io n a l l a w

fi d u c iar y c a pac it y J o in t s t o c k

j o in t s t oc k c o mp a n y
fi n al d e c ree

for d efe n d an t j u d ic ia l sa l e

fo r pl aint ifi J u d g men t fo r p lain t ifl

202 La w P h ra ses .

J udgmen t f or d efe n da n t mo t ion d enied

J u st ice of th e p eac e
W M u n ic ip a l C o u rt

La st will a n d test amen t my learn e d f rien d

l ea rn ed c ou n se l for th e N ex t of kin
d e fe n se

lea rn ed co u n sel f or th e No , s ir
d ef en da n t

le a rn e d c ou n sel f or t h e n o t ar yp u b lic

p l ain t iff
le a rn ed c ou n se l f or th e
p riso n e r
Ob j ec tio n s u sta in e d

l ea rn e d c ou n se l f or th e
p ro se c u tion j
ob e c t e d t o b y pl aintiff

l e a rn e d j u dg e
l eg a l e st a t e
j
o b ec ted t o by d ef en dant

o ff e re d in e v id enc e
lett e rs o f ad min is tra tio n
o f c ia l rec eiv e r
fi
l e t t ers p a t e n t
of th is a c t io n

l ett ers t es ta men ta ry

of t h is a gree me n t
l ife e st a t e
of t ish c o u rt

M a lic e re e n se
p p on th e o th e r sid e o f th e

ma n s l a u g h t er
c a se

on th e fo llowin ggrou nd s
ma rin e in su ra n c e
o rigin a t ing su mmo n s
ma y it ple a s e t h e
ma it p le ase
c ou rt

Y ou r
Party of th e fi rs t p art

J o n or
Part y of th e sec o n d p art
me mora n d u m of agree
me n t o ffi c e
Pa t en t
m o t io n t o d ismiss
p ec u liar c irc ums tance !
mo t io n gra n t e d o f t h e c ase
204 Lega l C orrespondence .

C H A FT S R XX X V .

LEG AL C O RRESPO N DEN C E .

1
Y
.

M e s sn s W C B EN N ETT SO N , De c k e r B ld g N ew ork
—A h
. . . .
.
,

Gen tlemen rec en t ac t o f t h e Leg isla t u re o f t is St at e

p ro vid e s, in s ub s t an c e, t h at it is u n la wf u l f or an y p erson
or y
perso n s t o c a rr o n b u sin e ss u n d er a fi rm o r c o rpora t e
h
n a m e t a t d oes n o t e x p ress t h e n a m e o f a t l e a st o n e o f t h e

y
p erso n s o w n in g o r c a rr in g o n t h e s a me, u n less a p ro per
c ert ifi c a t e b e fi le d .

T h is l a w i s so lit tle k n o wn , a n d th e re sul t s o f n o n c o m

h
p lian c e so fa r re a c h in g, t a t w e a ve t a k en t h e lib ert o f h y
y h y
-

n o t if in , i n a d d itio n t o ou r re u l ar c lie n t s, o t ers simila rl

g g
h
sit u a t e d , w o se n a mes h
a v e b ee n b ro u g t t o ou r a t t e n t io n h
yy
.

Re spe c t f u ll o u rs , ( 108)
2
h h
.

M R J AM ES L B EAN 100 Ran d o l p St , C ic a g o , I ll

Y J y y
.

Dea r Sim — ou r le t t er o f u l 15 t h d u l rec eive d

.
, . .

We
h h y
.

av e n o t a s ye t e x a min e d C a rles S p en c er in su ppl e men t a r

pro c ee d in gs W e sh a ll, o w ever, o bt a in a n o rd er a n d h

y h
.

c au se h im t o b e exa min e d Th e v e r fa c t t a t h e is em
y h
.

p lo e d a s a n ex c ise in sp ec t o r, lea d s u s t o supp o se t a t t h e

ju d en t c a n n o t b e c o l le c t ed W e c a nn o t , as yo u u n
y y h
.

d ou t e d ly a re a w are , l ev u po n his sa la r , a n d t erefo re t h e

y
p ro s pe c t s a re n ot v e r b rig t f o r a c o llec t io n h
y yy
.

Ve r t ru l ou rs ,

3
F
.

MR 0 M oa sn, Ho u sto n, Tex a s

Dea r S ir — y h
. . . .

W e n ot e ou rs o f t h e 9t h u l t , b u t av e u n d er
M h h
.

d at e o f arc 2 8 t h a let t e r f rom S T B ro wn , sta t in g t a t

h h
. .

o u r n o t ic e t a t w e old a n a c c o u n t a a in st h im 18 a su r rise,
g p
as h e h a d p a id it in fu ll t o you la st f a ll, a nd h as ou r y
re c eipt f o r sa me Ac c ord in gl , a f t e r c on feren c e w it o u r y h
h h
.

c l ien t s , w e fi n d t a t t h e ac c o u n t w a s sen t t o yo u a n d t a t
it wa s ret urn e d u n pa id W e n o w o ld t eir d ra ft o n yo u h h
h h h yh
.

f o r t h e a m ou n t , w ic t e a v e inst ru c t e d u s t o c o l le c t at
o nc e . B efo re a d o p t ing a n y su mmar m easu res, o w ev er, y h
we d eem it b ut fa ir t o a p prise yo u of t h e c on d it io n of aff a irs
 Leg a l C orrespo nden ce .
205

wit h a v ie w of a d u st
j men t b y you , as we d o n ot d e sire
to h ar m you
h h h
.

We o p e, t e re fo re , y o u w ill f a v o r u s w it a re mit t an c e ,
u nl ess you can f u rn is h u s w it h
e v id e n c e o f a n e rro r

Y y
.

ou rs res pec t fu l l ,

4
J
.

Ma S L B AR N ES , a c k so nvi lle Fla

h h h
. .
,
. .

Dea r S i r — I a n d yo u f o rt w it f o r c o llec t ion a n a m ou n t

a ga in s t M r re d e ric k Faso n o f ou r c it y M y
Th e bill w a s
y
. .

c o n t ra c t e d u n d er c u riou s c irc u m st a n c es a n d ma y p o ssibl

y
c au se a n o ppo rt u n it f o r a rrest in g h im if h e c o me s t h is w a y,
,

on t h e gro u n d o f o b t a in in g g oo d s u n d er f a lse p re t enc e s

b u t as h e 1 8 o u t sid e o f t h e j urisd ic t io n o f t is St a t e, I se n d h
t h e bill t o yo u t o c o l lec t , if yo u c a n fi n d t h a t h e h a s a n y
h
t in g f ro m w ic h yo u c a n rea lize h
h h h
.

T h e a mo un t is les s t w o p er c e n t d isc o u n t f o r c as , w ic .

o f c ou rse w ill n o t b e a llo w e d u n d er t h e c irc u msta nc e s if

w e c a n ma k e t h e m o n e y
Y et a t t h e s a m e t ime w e w ou l d
y y h y
.

c o m ro mise t o a n t h in yo u m a y in
rea d il p g w h ic ou r
j u d gmen t d ee m reason a b le o u rs t ru l , .
( 1 3 3) Y y
5
J F
.

MB A S TEW A RT , Sa n ra nc isc o C al
Dea r S ir : —W e e n c lo s e yo u
. . .
. ,

in reg ard to c la im s 25
and 2 7, a nd
b eg t o c a ll y
o u r a t t e n t io n t o t h e b a n k u on
p
h h
w ic a l l you 1 c olle c t io n s a re m a d e W e p a y b a n k s u su a l
’

h y h
.

ex c a n ge a n d , a s w e d eal v er e x c l u siv ely w it b a n k s , o ur

c o rre s po n d e n t s a re a ll v e r w e ll sa t isfi e d w it y t ese t erms h h
h
.

W e t rust yo u w ill erea ft er b e w illing t o a t t en d t o o u r c o l

lec t io n s a t simila r ra t es H a v in g re c en t l est a blis e d t ese y h h
h
.

o ffi c es t o h a n d le w e s t ern c o lle c t io n s , w e t ru st t o av e c o n
s id era ble b u sin es s w it h
you f ro m t ime t o t ime , a n d d esire ,
h
if p ossib le , t o a v e an u n d ers t a n din g a t t h e o u ts et reg ard
h h
in g t h e ra t e u p on w ic o u r b u sin es s w ill b e t ra nsac t ed
h y
.

Tru st ing t is w ill b e sa t isf ac t o r , w e are ,

ou rs v e r t ru l , Y y y
6 .

MB E N PA TER SO N C o vin g t o n K y
h
. .
.
, , .

Dea r Sir — I ret u rn yo u ere w it h a ll t h e p a p ers in c l aim

h J h
.

N o 1 5 5 a n d b e g t o a d v ise you t at M r a c k so n h a d n o t ing

h h h h
.
, .

w a t ev er t o d o wit t is c la im o f J L Harris, w it t h e ex . .
.
906 Lega l C orresp ond ence .

c e p t io n o f t h e fi rst ex pe n se b ill c ov erin g f ou rt een b ox es of

p ru n es I w o u ld h y
e re b s t a t e t a t t h e a mou n t o f t is ex h h
h h J
.

p e ns e b ill f or w ic M r a c k son is re s o n s ib le , is ba se d o n
p
y h
.
,

t w e n t c en t s p e r o ne u n d re d
p o u n d s, a n d is in c lu d e d in
t h e a mo u n t f o r w ic h e s et t les, t o w it , h h pou n d s, a n d
h h
for w ic I sen d you c ec k d u l c e rt ifi e d h y
Y y
.

o u rs t ru l ,

7
Mr LEO N AR D TH O RN 1 00 B ro a d w a , N ew o rk y Y
y
.
,

Dea r Sir —Earl in t h e w ee k we p ro c ure d a n

.

o rd e r fo r
t h e ex a m in a t io n o f C h a rl e s St e v e ns in su pplem en t ar p ro y
c ee din g s u p on t h e j u d g m en t o b t a in e d b y yo u T h e o rd er
h
.

w a s ret u rn ab l e t is A M a t W e a tt en d e d a t t h e
h
. .

e x a min a t io n a n d a f t e r p ro c eed in g w it t h e same f o r a n

h J
,

o u r, M r a me s a g ree d t h a t , if t h e e x a min a t io n w a s a d

h h
.

journ ed f or a mont , h e w ou ld , w it in a w ee k , sen d me

a c h ec k f o r $7 5 o n a c c o u n t a n d s o rt l t e rea f t er se t tle h y h
Y J h
,
t h e j u d g me n t ou r Mr o h n s o n in fo rm e d u s t a t if t h e

y
. .

ma t t er c ou ld b e fi n all c l osed , a c on c ession w ou ld b e ma de

J
t o M r a m es u po n t h e a mo u nt e v id en c e d b y t h e j u d g m en t ,
.

an d in o rd e r t o p ro c u re a s e t t le men t o f t h e sa m e , w e c o m

h
mu n ic a t ed t at fac t t o h im As soon a s t h e c ec k is rec eiv ed , . h
we will fo rw a rd it
h
.

I ret u rn t o t o w n a nd a v e n o t a s ye t re c eiv e d
an t in yh g b y w ay o f in fo rm at ion t a t is import a n t , in reg ard h
t o M r Smit h
h h J
. .

I t ele p o n e d t is mo rn in g t o u d g e G ilb ert , an d h e an s

h
w ere d t a t M r Smit h h a d w rit t e n h im a let t er sa in g t at y h
h h h
.

h e w as ill, a n d a sk ing h im t o c o m e t o t h e o u se , w ic
’

he
ref us ed t o d o H e fu rt er sa s t a t h e e x pe c t s t o see h im h y h
M y Y y y
.

on d a t ru l ,
on . ou rs v er (2 17 )
8
MR D M
HEN D RI C K S , To p ek a , K an sas
Y h
. . . .

Dea r S ir — o u r f av or rec e iv ed , a n d I b eg to t an k
you
fo r ac c ep t in g my p ro po sit io n t o u n d e rt a k h
e t e re c o v er o f y
t h at p ro
pert y f o r o n e h a l f I m ay ob t a in I h wi h ere t e n c lo se

y
-
.

a c on t ra c t and
p o w er of a t t o rn e a u t h o rizin
g m e t o ac t
y y
.

K in d l sign t h e sa me b e fo re a N ot a r o r C lerk o f t h e C ou rt ,
a n d re t u rn t o me an d o b l i e
g
I h
a v e in s t ruc t e d t a t p ro c ee d in gs s h h ou l d b e t a k en at
o n c e t o rec ov er t h e
prop ert I d o n ot y . k n o w t at I can h
208 Lega l C orresp onden ce .

M IS AA C PI TM AN
ES S RS S O N S,
Y y
.

3 1 U n io n S q u a re, N ew o rk C it
Gen tlemen — O n O c t o be r 2 2d last , 1 90 1 , t h e a bo v e n u m
.

b ered p rO p o sa l bo n d w as ex ec u t e d a t o u r re u e st f o r y q
h
f u rn is in g a n d d e liv e rin g b o o k s f o r t h e Hig S c h o o ls an d h
h
S c o o l Libra rie s o f t h e B o ro u g s o f a n attan a nd t h e h M h
B ro nx for t h e B o a rd o f Ed u c at io n , C it o f N ew o rk y Y
h h h
.

W en yo u w ere la st i n ere yo u st a t ed t a t c o n t rac t fo r

t h e a b o v e na m e d su pplies w as a w a rd e d t o you , b u t t h e
B o a rd o f Ed uc at ion h a d n o t a d v ise d yo u t o c al l a nd ex e c u t e
c o n t rac t b o n d s f or sa m e Will you k in d l ad vise u s h o w y
Y y
.

t h e ma tt er st a n d s , a n d o b lig e , ou rs t ru l , ( 10 8 )
12
J V M
.

MR S R REE ES B o s t o n , a ss

Dea r Mada m — T h e a d min ist ra t o r

. . .
, .

an d a d min is t ra t rix o f
“

t h e d e fen d a n t a c k n o w l ed g e t h e c irc u ms t a n c e t h a t t e hy
h
.

v
a v e ad e rt ise d in a c o mm erc ia l p a p er f o r t h e l a s t w e ek o f
h
Dec em be r t h e g o o d s, c a t t e ls a n d c re d it s o f t h e pl a in t iff,
'

bo t h h
d o m est ic a n d o t erw ise, in t h e e st ab lis m e n t o f t h e
‘

h
d ec ea s e d in d i id u a l v h
Th e c a rac t er o f t h e g o o d s w a s a lt o
h y y h h
.

v
g et er s a t is fa c t o r , s e e ra l a rt ic les n a t u ra ll bring in g ig
y
p ric e s , a n d pro ba bl t h e p ro sp e c t s f o r t h e eirs o f t h e d e h
h
c ea se d a re ra t e r m o re t a n ex pe c t e d , es ec ia ll
p h o w in
g to y
t h e essen tia l fa c t s t h a t t h e e x ec u t o r a n d ex ec u t rix w ill
mort g a g e t h e pro pert y
Th e i n d en t u re o f m o rt g a g e w ill
y h
.

imme d ia t e l b e e x e c u t e d , a n d , in a smu c a s t h e a rc h it e c t ure

h y
is o f t h e o ld C a t o lic s t le an d n o t o rigin a l, w ill f e t c a h
g o od
p ric e a n d w e a e h v
n o d ou bt w il l su r ris e t h e u n d er
p
,

sig n e d , f o r w ic h h
w e s o u l d b e t a n k fu l h W e u n d ers tan d , h
h
.

o r ra t h er u n d e rs to o d , t a t a w el c o m e su b s c r i p t io n f o r t h e
s t ra n g er b y sev era l rev e re d , re s pe c t e d a n d po pu la r g en t le
m en i s t o b e m a d e An d t o o ur k n o wl ed g e t ere 1 3 n o O b h
h
.

jec t io n o r rea so n wh y w e o u rselv es s o u ld n o t p erf o rm some

k in d a c t , t h e p erfo rma n c e o f w ic in t is p ec u lia r c as e, h h h
h
n o t w it s t a n d in g t h e m is t a k e mad e b y t h e m aj o rit , w ill y
h
meet w it g reat sa t isf a c t ion The sa
y t h e e ld es t c ild y h
h h h
.

c o mes o f a g e in S ep t e m b e r T is s u b j e c t , t o g e t e r w it
h h h
.

w ate ve r f o llo w s, a n d w en ever it ma y appe n , w ill giv e

t h e a d min ist rat or n o t ro u ble in t h e reg u la r c ours e of
h
t ings . Y ours resp ec t full , (23 1) y
 Leg a l F or ms .
209

C H A PT ER X X XV I .

LEG AL F O RM S .
*

B H r YW T EN R . HO RN E,

C ounselor a t-La w -
an d O fii c ia l C ou rt S ten og ra ph er, J ohns to wn , N . Y .

A l a w st en og ra p h er m u st p osse ss
in w rit ing ex p e rt n e ss

a n d rea d in g s h o rt h a n d Th is c a n o n ly b e a t t a in e d b y reg u
h
.

la r a n d p ro lo n g e d p ra c t ic e K n o w le d g e o f c o rrec t p o n o
h h
.

g ra p ic o u t lin e s is n o t , a lo n e , su ffi c ien t Suc a o n e mu st .

u n d ers t a n d t h e mea n ing o f t h e su bj ec t ma t t e r rep o rt e d

h y
-
.

T is c o n d u c e s t o sp e e d o f w rit in g, a n d is a bso l u t e l n e c es
sa r yt o im pro mp t u rea d in g o f ra pid l w rit t e n n o t es y
h
.

W ile w rit in g f rom d ic t at io n is t h e mo st p ra c t ic a b le -

me t h od o f g a in in g s t en o g ra p ic sp ee d , y e t t h e l earn er h
h
s ou ld n o t res t ric t h im se l f t o t a t h
H e s ou ld a t t em pt t o h
h h
.

rep o rt a ll k in d s o f u m a n u t t e ra n c e : s peec e s , se rm o n s
,

u blic m eet in g s, j u d ic ia l p ro c ee din g s , c on v ersa t ion s , e t c

p
h h
.

T h e b e st rat e o f d ic t at io n is t a t w h ic f o rc es t h e w rit er
t o th e h h
ig e st s p e e d a t w ic h h
d ist in c t o u t lin es c a n b e
f o rm e d W h en f o l lo w in g a S pea k er, fo r p rac t ic e, w rit in g
y h
.

b e on d l e gibl e s pee d s ou ld n ot b e t rie d B e t t e r o mit p o r

h h y h y
.

t ion s t a n s t riv e t o c a t c e v er w o rd a n d t e re b ris k

q
a c u irin
g a sp ra w lin g s t le o f s orth a n d y h
h y
.

S ma ll c a ra c t ers, c o m p a c t l w rit t e n , a re p ref era b le t o

h
t e ir O pp o sit es, a re e a s ie r t o rea d , a n d c o n d uc e t o s p e e d
h
.

Pra c t ic e n o t e s s o u ld b e t ra n s c rib ed , a n d t h e t ra n s c ript

c a ref u ll y
c o m p are d w it h t h e o rig in a l w e n p o ssible A ll h
h y
, .

sh o rt an d m a d e b y t h e lea rne r S h o u ld b e re p e a t e d l rea d ,

y
d ou bt f u l o u t line s a ssid u o u sl st u d ie d a n d d ec ip e re d , a n d h
e rron e ou s o n e s c o rre c t e d a n d m em o rize d
h y
.

La w s t en o g ra p h ers , e s pec ia lly t o se e m p lo e d in c ou rt

h
be fore j uries, s ou l d b e a ble t o in st a n t l refe r t o , a n d rea d y
‘ C o n d ensed f rom Pitma n
F
l Fo rms " ourth ed it io n
.
’

.
s Tw en t ieth C en tu ry
v
Re ised a n d enl arged 272 pa ges
B
us iness Dic ta tio n a n d
Price , . .

boa rds , 75c ; c lo t h ,

.

14
2 10 Lega l F or ms .

h h h
w it o u t b a l k o r it c , a ny p a i t o f t h e n o t e s O f a t ri m
'

y y
.

So m e t ime s it is n ec e ss a r t o re a d t o t h e j u r l a rg e po rt io ns
of h as t il y
w rit t en n o t e s o f t es t im o n y
M h
.

o st st e n o g ra p e rs u se pe n a n d in k f or l a w re o rt in
p g
h F
.

At l e a st t wo 1 c a so n s for t is u sa g e ex ist irst, s h o 1 t h a n d

q
.

n o t es o f j u d ic ial p ro c ee d in g s a re re u ired , b y l a w, t o be

p re s e rv e d f o r a s e c ifi e d
p p er i h
o d , t e se c o n st it u t e a n o ffi c ia l

rec o rd , a n d t h is s h o u ld b e d ura bl y
m a d e ; in k, b e t t er t h a n
p e q
n c il , n o t e s me et t h is re u ire m e n t ; sec o n d t h e
g l id in
g of
a g o l d p e n o v er p ro p e rl y ,

fi nish ed p a per is su pp o se d t o c re
a t e t h e m in im u m d eg ree o f f ric t io n ; an d , t h ird , g rea t er
y
ma n ua l d e x t e rit is b el ie v e d t o b e p o ssible w it a fl ex ible h
g o ld p e n t a n w t
h i h a n y t
o e r w ri n m h m
t i g i p le e n t A “
lig t h
h h
.

”—
a d
n t at is, t h e a pplic a t io n o f t h e lea s t p ossib le p res
su re—in t h e m a k in g o f t h e my st ic s t ro k es , c irc les, d o t s an d
y
d ash es , is g e n era ll c on c e d e d t o b e f a v o rable to inc re as e o f
s pee d , a n d a d e t e rre n t t o so c alle d p en p a ral sis, or writ er s
-
’ -
y
c ra mp
y y
.

Th e m a j orit o f l a w re p o rt e rs u se s pec ia ll p rep are d

re po rt in g pa per, w it h
m a rgin al an d o rizo n t a l ru lin
g A h .

fe w re f use t o use a n y bu t u n ru le d p a pe r S o me p ra c t it i on ers

h h
.

u se lo o se s e e t s o f re po rt in g p ap er, w ile a l arg e n u mb er

re fe r t h e e las t ic b o u n d re po rt ing n o t e b o o k s O n e a d van
p
h h h
- -
.

t a g e o f u n b o u n d s eet s is t a t t h e n o t es c o mp risin g e a c
c a s e m a y a t it s c o nc lu s io n , be f a s t e n e d t o g et h e r in boo k
y y
,

f orm, p ro perl e n d o rs e d , a n d fi le d a w a f or p re serv a t io n I n

h
.

c a se t h e re p o rt e r d e sires t o d ic t a t e t o m ore t a n o n e a ma n u
e n sis f ro m d iff e re n t p a rt s o f h is n o t e s, l oo s e s ee t s are per h
h ap s mo re c o n v e n ien t
h h
.

Ex perien c e d la w s t e n o g ra p ers u se fe w p ra se s Th ese

h
.

seld o m e x c ee d t h re e w o rd s Th e p ra sin g p rin c ip le is u su

y h h h h
. ~

a l l limit ed t o w a t is k n o w n as
”
n a t u ral
p rases, w ic ,
y
b ro a d l s pea k ing , m e a n s c o mb ina t io n s o f suc w o rd s as a re h
y
f re q u e n t l gro up e d in o rd in a r sp e e c y h
h
.

S pec ia l ph ra ses a re s o m e t imes a d o p t e d T ese g ro w o u t .

of th e
pec ulia r n at u re o f t h e su b j e c t m a t t er re po rt e d F or
h q
-
.

in st an c e , in l e ga l f o rm N O 2 5 t h e p ra s e li u r t a x la w
o
” -

h y
-
. .

w as c o in ed fo r t a t p art ic u l ar c ase I t w o ul d , u n d o u b t e d l ,
h h h
.

be l eg ible m t a t c ase w ile 1 n g en eral u se it mig t n ot be

h
,

d ec ip era ble
h h
.

N a m e s o f pers o ns a n d pl a c es w en fi rst oc c u rrin g s oul d

h
be w rit t en in Io ng a nd if t ime p ermit ; if n o t , in s o rt an d , h h
212 Leg a l F or ms .

MISCELLAN EO U S LEGAL DO C U MENTS .

FF V A I DA IT

St a t e o f N ew o rk Y
y
C ou n t o f N e w o rk Y
Jo h n y
S pen c er, b e in g d ul s w o rn , d ep o ses a nd s a s T at y h
o n t h e f o u rt h d a y o f A pril , 1 8 95 , h e res id ed a t t h e C it of y
J h
O h n st o w n , in s a id S t a t e , a n d t a t a t t h a t t im e o n e T o ma s h
C ase also resid e d a t said C it y
De p o nen t f u rt e r says h
h h
.

T a t h e w a s w e l l a c q u a in t e d w it sa id C ase u n t il t h e t im e
h h
o f h is d ea t , w ic h o c c u rre d on t h e d a y a fo re s a id ; t a t h
p h
re viou s t o t a t t ime , t h e sa id C a se in fo rme d t h e d e o n e n t
p
h
t a t h e, sa id C a s e, w a s t h e o n l s o n o f o sep y C a se , o f Mil J h
w au k ee in t h e S t a t e o f W isc o n sin De po n e n t fu rt er sa s : h y
h h y
.
,

T at sa id C ase , a t t h e t im e o f h is d e a t , w a s a bo ut fo rt
y h
e a rs O l d ; t a t sa id C a se b a d lig t h h
a ir a n d e e s a n d w e ig ed y h
a bo u t o n e h
u n d re d a n d e ig t p ou n d s hy
De po n en t f u rt er h
y h y y
.

s a s : T at h e is rea d t o t est if t o t h e f o reg o in g ma t t ers

w h e n e v er c a lle d u p o n t o d o s o ; t a t d e po n e n t s a g e is’
h
se v e n t y h h
t ree a n d t a t h e n o w re sid es a t N e w Ro c e l le in
’

h
Y
-

s a id S t a t e o f N ew o rk .

Su bsc ribe d a n d s wo rn t o b efo re me

h
t is 6t h d a y o f Ap ril, 1 8 98
J O HN SPEN C ER .

J
.

O H N N O W I LL ,
N o t a ry P u bl ic ,
N ew o rk C o u n t Y y ,
N . Y .

C ER TI FI C A T E O F ACK N O W L ED G M EN T—N EW Y O RK .

(N O
Y
.

St a t e o f N ew or k
C o u n t y o f N ew Y or k
h J y
0 11 t is six t h d a y o f an u ar , o n e t o usa n d n in e u n d re d h h
an d o n e , b efo re m e t h e s u b sc rib e r, p ers o n a lly c a me H e n r y
M J Jh
,

H a rriso n , G eo rg e orse a n d a m es o n so n , t o m e k n o w n;

a n d k n o w n t o m e t o b e t h e sa m e pe rso n s d e sc rib e d in , a n d

w h o e x ec u t e d , t h e w ith in o r f o re g o in g ] inst ru me n t , a n d

hy y
t e severall a c k n o wled g e t a t t h e ex e cu t e d t h e sa m eh y .

WI LL I AM H DUN L O P
y
.
,

N o t ar Pu blic ,
N ew ork C oun t Y y , N Y . .
 Lega l F or ms .
3 13 ~

WI LL .

(N o
h
.

IN THE N AM E O F GO D, AM EN I, S O ph ia Rosamond, o f t e r

y
.

Villag e o f G ree n p oin t , in t h e C ou n t o f S ul liv a n , a n d S ta t e

of New Y
o rk , w id o w, o f t h e a e o f f o rt
g ea rs a n d u p w a rd s , yy
a n d be in g o f sou n d , disp o sin g min d a n d m em o r , d o ereb y h y '

h
m a k e , p u blis , a n d d e c l a re t h is t o b e my l ast w ill a n d t ee
t a me n t, t h a t is t o s a y
FI RST h
I d ire c t t a t a ll my j ust d ebts an d fu n eral ex
y
.

penses be fi rst pa id a n d f u ll sat is fi ed

y
.

S EC O NDI g ive a n d d evise t h e rea l propert , n ow oc eu ied

.

by me as my presen t reside nce, u nto my beloved son, oh n

Rosa mon d , a bsolu te l a n d f ore ver y
h
.

T HI RD I g ive , d evise a n d be qu ea t a ll th e rest fesidu e

h y
.
,

a n d re ma in d er of my esta te , b ot rea l a n d pe rson a l, of e ver

n a me an d n a t u re , a n d wh ereso ver sit u ate , u nto m so n ,
C h a rles Ro sa mon d, of S t ohn svill e, M on tg omer
. J ou n t y, y
Y
LASTL , I n omin a te, c on st it u t e an d a oin t my sa id so n ,
h p
J o n Rosa m on d , t o be t h e execu t or of t 3 my las t will p and
t esta men t, h ereby r evokin g a ll f ormer wills by me m ade .

I N W I T N ESS W H EREO F I , h a ve h ereu n t o se t my h an d h

t is .

26t h d a y o f N o v e mber, 1 900 .

SO PHI A

W1t nesseS J B I N G H AII

A M ES
A DDI SO N TO RT .

Th e ab ov e in st ru men t , c on sist in g o f on e sh eet, was, a t t h e

h
d at e t h ereo f, su b sc rib e d b y So p ia Ro sa mon d , t h e t est a t rix
n a med in t h e f o reg o in g w ill, in t h e p rese n c e o f u s a n d e a c h
o f u s ; a n d , a t t h e t im e o f m a k in g su c su b s c rip t io n , t h e h
a b o ve in s t ru m e n t w a s d ec la re d b y t h e s a id t es t a trix t o b e
h e r las t w ill a n d t est am en t , a n d e a c o f u s, a t t h e req u e st h
o f s a id t e st a t rix , a n d in h er p rese n c e , a n d in t h e p rese n c e
h
o f ea c h o t er, sign ed o ur n a me s a s wit n esses t eret o , a t t h e h
en d o f t h e w il l
J y
.

A M ES B I N G H AM , residin g a t G reen p oin t , Su lliv a n C ou n t ,

N Y
y
. .

ADD I SO N TO RT, resid in g at G reen p o in t , Su llivan C ou nt ,

N . Y .

‘ I t is n ot n eces sary to affix a seal to a will .

 Leg a l F o rms .

NO TIC E TO C R ED I T O R S .

(N O .

In p u rsu an c e of a n o rd e r o f Ho n J K ec k c ou n t y j u dge
F y h
. .
,

of C o u n t , n o t ic e is e re b y g iv e n t o a l l p e rso n s h a v
u lt o n
in g c la ims a g a in s t De n n is o o n , la t e l M
d o in g b u sin e ss in y '

y J
t h e c it o f o h n s t o w n , N Y , t o p re s e n t t h e sa m e, w it th e h
h y
. .

v o u c h e rs t e refo r, d u l ve rifi e d , t o t h e su bsc ribe r, ass ig n e e

fo r t h e b e n e fi t o f t h e c re d it o rs o f s a id De n n is M o o n , a t t h e
O ffi c e o f sa id a ss i n e e N o
g 3 9 W es t
’

a in S t re e t , in t h e c it
y M
J
.
,

of o h n s t o wn , N Y , o n or b e fo re t h e 3 l st d a
. .
y o f Dec e mb e r,
1 90 1
Jh J
.

Dat e d o n stow n , N Y . .
,
t h e 3 d d ay of a n u a ry, 190 1 .

AN N A C A S P ER ,

S EN EC A SH A R P , Ass ig n e e .

A t t o rn e y f o r Assig n e e ,
N O 4 9 W est
. M
a in S t re e t , o h n st o w n J , N, Y .

B O ND .

(N o .

K NOW AL L M EN BY T H ES E w e , Ja mes
PRES EN T S , t h at

J a c k so n o f t h e C it y o f B o s t o n , in t h e C o u n t y o f S u ff o l k a n d

C o m mo n w eal t h o f M
a ss a c h u s e t t s , a s
p rin c ipa l, a n d W ill ia m
h
B eldin g a n d C a rles Ro be rt so n , bo t h o f t h e s a m e p la c e, as
s u re t ie s, a re he l d a n d fi rm ly b o u n d u n t o Pe t er H a rd in , o f
g
t h e C it of y Jh
o n s t o w n , in t h e C o u n t of y
u l t o n a n d S t a te F
o f N ew Y
o rk in t h e su m o f f o ur t h o u sa n d d o lla rs
,

g o l d c o in o f t h e U n it e d S t a t e s o f A m e ric a t o b e p a id t o t h e ,

s a id Pe t e r H a rd in g , h is e x ec u t o rs a d min is t ra t o rs , o r a s

h y
,

si n s
g f o r w h ic p a ym e n t , w e ll a n d t ru l t o b e m a d e , w e
bin d o u rse lv es , o u r h
e irs , e x e c u t o rs a n d a d m in ist ra t o rs ,

y
j o in t ly a n d s e v e ra lly, fi rml by t h e se p res e n t s Sea l ed w it h
h h
.

o u r se a l s a n d d a t e d t h e t e n t d a y O f De c e mb e r, o n e t ou
sa n d n in e h
u n d re d

h
.

T h e c o n d it ion o f t is o b lig a t io n is su c h t h a t , i f t h e a b o v e
J J
bo u n d en a me s a c k s o n h is h eirs, e x e c u t o rs o r a d min is
h y
, ,

tra t o rs S a ll w ell a n d t ru l p a y, o r c a u se t o b e p a id , u n t o
,

t h e s a id Pe t e r Ha rdin g h is ex ec u t o rs a d min is t ra t o rs o r
, ,

a ss i n s , t h e j u s t a n d f u ll su m o f f o u r t h o u sa n d d o lla rs
g
in g o ld c o in o f t h e U n it e d S t a t e s, o f t h e presen t
‘
2 16 Lega l F or ms .

h y h
h ere t o t a t t h e p a men t o f t h e w o le , o r a n y p art , o f t h e said
y
s u m O f m on e , o r t h e p e rmit t ing b y sa id p a rt y
o f t h e sec o n d

p a rt o f t h e erec t ion o f s a id m o n u men t , o r a n y o t e r ac t u o n

p h
t h e p a rt o f t h e sa id p a rt y o f t h e sec o n d p art , s a ll n o t b e h
c o n sid e re d , o r c o n s t ru e d , a s a n ac c e p t a n c e , in w h o le o r in
h
p a rt , o f t h e p e rfo rm a n c e o f t is a g ree m en t o n t h e p a rt o f,
o r b y, t h e s aid p art ie s o f t h e fi rst p a rt , u n t il o n e ea r s h a l l y
h v
a e el a p se d f ro m a n d a ft er t h e d a t e o f t h e a c t u a l e rec t io n
o f sa id m o nu m e n t u po n said c e me t e r y
l o t , a n d t h e c o m p le
t io n O f all w o rk in c o nn e c t io n t erew it h h
t o t h e e n t ire s a t is
f a c t io n O f t h e sa id p a rt y O f t h e sec o n d p a rt a s a f o resa id ;
a n d sa id p a rt y o f t h e s e c o n d p a rt s a l l h h
a v e t h e p riv ileg e
h
a t a n y t im e w it in t h e sa id p e rio d o f o n e
, y
e a r, t o rej ec t

a n d re f use t o a c c e p t sa id m o n u me n t , a n d a ll , o r a n y p a rt o f ,
t h e l a b o r u p o n , o r a l l, o r a n y, o f t h e m a t eria l u se d in , sa id
m o n u m en t , o n a c c o u n t o f t h e n o n c o m pl ia n c e o f t h e p a rt ie s
h
-

o f t h e fi rst p a rt w it t h is a g reem en t , o r an y o f t h e t erm s

t h ereo f, o r w it h s a id s p e c ific a t io n a n d d ra w in g , o r eit h e r
h h
t ere o f, o r a n y p a rt O f e it h e r t ere o f, o r o n a c c ou n t o f t h e
i mp erf e c t perf o rm a n c e, o r n o n p e rf o rma n c e, by t h e pa rt ies
h
-

o f t h e fi rs t p a rt O f t is a g re e me n t in a n y o f it s p art ic u l a rs ,
u o n w rit t e n n o t ic e o f su c
p h
rej ec t io n o r n o n a c c e p t a n c e, o r
-

b o t h , t o t h e s aid p a rt ie s o f t h e fi rs t p a rt ; a n d in c a se o f
y
,

s u c h rej e c t io n o r n o n a c c ep t a n c e , sa id pa rt o f t h e s ec o n d

h y
-

p v
a rt s a l l b e e n t it le d t o rec o e r b a c k t h e su ms o f mo n e

p a id t o t h e p a rt ie s o f t h e, fi rst p a rt f o r, or o n a c c o u n t o f,
h v
s a id m o n u m e n t ; a n d , in t a t e e n t , t h e p art ie s o f t h e fi rst
h v
pa rt s a ll re mo e t h e sa me f ro m t h e s a id c e m e t er l ot o f y
y
t h e p a rt o f t h e se c o n d p a rt , a n d re s t ore t h e sa id c e m e t er y
h h
lo t t o t h e s a m e c o n dit io n in w ic it w a s a t t h e t ime o f t h e
h
c o mmen c e me n t o f o p era t io n s t ere o n f o r t h e e rec t io n o f
sa id m o n u me n t a t t h e c o s t a n d e x pen se o f t h e p a rt ies o f
,

t h e fi rs t p a rt ; a n d , in c a se o f t h e re f u sa l O f t h e p a rt ies o f
t h e fi rs t p a rt s o t o d o , t h e p art y
o f t h e se c on d p a rt m a y

c au se t h e s a m e t o b e d o n e a t t h e c os t a n d ex p en s e o f t h e

p a rt ie s o f t h e fi rst p a rt
h
.

An d as a p a rt o f t h e c o n sid era t ion o f t is ag ree ment t h e

h y v
p art ie s o f t h e fi rst p art e reb c o en a n t a n d a g ree t h a t ,
i n c a se t h e p a rt y o f t h e sec on d p art s h all p u rc a se , o r c o n h
t rac t t o p u rc h ase , t h e ma rk er o r in d e x s t o n e n o w set u p o n
y
h is sa id c em e t er lo t , t h e yw ill a n d S h a l l c u t , d re s s a n d
h a mmer t h e e n t ire su rf a c e o f said mark er o r ind e x s t o n e so
 Lega l F or ms .
2 17

th t th a e s a me s h
b e fi n e a n d sm o o t
a ll an d b e o f t h e be st h
“
w l
t e v e c t
u
”
w ork , a n d p o lis or h
a mm er t h e le t t ers h
th y
-

ere on , a t t h e o p t ion o f t h e p a rt o f t h e se c o n d
part
‘

y
.

It is a ls o ex pre ssl u n d e rst o o d a n d ag ree d , b y an d b e

t we en t h e p a rties h h
ere t o , t a t a ll t h e p ro v isio n s, st a t e
m e n t s a n d req u irem e n t s, c o n t ain e d in , a n d e v e r p a rt o f y
sa id s p ec ifi c a t io n Ex h ib it A, a n d o f s a id d ra w in g Ex ib it h
y h
B , res pec t iv el , s all b e t rea t ed a s a p a rt e reo f a n d t h e h
h h
,

sa m e s h a l l b e b in d in g u p o n t h e p a rt ie s ere t o , a n d s al l
h
bin d t e m t h e sa me a s if t h e s a m e w ere in c o rp o ra t e d in t h e
y
b o d o f t h is ag reeme n t, f o r a ll t h e p u rp oses o f t is ag ree h
men t
R h h h
.

IN W I TN E S S W H E E O F t h e p a rt ie s ere t o av e e re u n t o
set t hi he r an d s an d sea l s t h e d a y fi rs t w rit t en
ab o ve .

ERN ES T B o w m sn ( S ea l)
*
In p re se n c e o f
R
.

TH O M A S C OLL IN S .
F E D A B o wm s n ( Seal)
J
.

O H N Po r re
.

( Seal)
' '
.
.

G EN E R AL M U T UA L RE L E AS E .

(N o .

a IN DEN T UR E, ma d e t is f o u rt e en t
s h d a y o f Dec em h
b er, A D 1 900, b et w e en oh n u d e, o f
g J F
onda, ont F M
y y Y
. .

g o m e r C ou n t , an d St a t e o f N e w o rk , o f t h e o n e
p art ,
a n d T eo d o re B h C a t c h e m, o f F
ul t o n v ille , in t h e C ou n t y
h
-
.

a n d S t a t e a foresa id , o f t h e o t h er pa rt , W ITN ES S ET H : T a t
t h e sa id J o n h F h
u d g e a n d T eo d o re B C a t c h e m h a v e t is h
h
.

d a y c an c e le d a n d d eliv ere d u p t o t h e o t er c ert ain c o v

h h
-

en an t s, bo n d s , n o t e s , a n d w rit t e n c on t ra c t s u p o n w ic he
c la imed t o h
a v e d e ma n d s o n t h e o t h er ; t h e s a id c la ims an d
in st ru men t s so c a n c ele d a n d d eliv e re d u p b ein g su ppos ed
a n d in t e n d e d t o b e a l l t h e c l a im s a n d e v id e n c e o f c l aims b y
h
e it er o f t h e
p a rt ie s h ere t o o n t h e o t h e r An d , in c o n sid era
h h Jh F h
.

t io n t ere o f, e a c o f t h em, t h e sa id o n u d g e an d T eo d o re

h y h
B C a tc h em , d o es ere b , f o r imself a n d h is leg a l rep resen t a
h h
.

t iv es, re leas e a n d a b so l u t el y an d f o re ve r d isc a rg e t h e o t er

o f a n d fro m all c la im s a n d d e ma n d s, a c t ion s , c a u se s o f a c t io n ,

y h
o f e ve r n a m e a n d n a t u re, s o t a t n eit h e r o f t e m s a ll av e h h h
an y c la im o n t h e o t h e r d ire c t l
,
y
o r in d irec t l , o n a n y c o n y
In man S ta te s wafer seal s are nn n ecess a
‘ in su c h S ta tes th e wo rd
"o r t e le tte rs “ L S ” mea n in
sea l, ( g p la ce o f t e sea l) , f oll o wing t h e sig
.

n a tu re , be in g snffi c ien t See signa tu res , f orm N o 7

. . .
2 18 Lega l F or ms .

t ra c t , o r su pp o s e d y
lia bilit , o r t h in g u n d ert a k e n , d o ne , o r
o mit t e d t o be d o n e , f ro m t h e b egin n in g o f t h e w o rld t o
t h is d a y
T
.

IN W I NESS W H ER EO F th e pa rt ies h a v e h e re t o in t e r
s a id
c h a n g ea b l y set t h eir h an ds
,

a n d sea ls, t h e d a
y a n d ear fi rst y
abo ve w rit t en
J FU
.

I n p re sen c e O f O HN DG E
O J O
.

GE RG E E NK IN S . T HE D ORE B . C AT C HE M .

C ER T I F I C AT E O F AC K N O W L EDG M ENT — I LL IN O I S .

(N O :

S t a t e o f Il lin o is
y
C o un t o f C o o k
hi h
O n t s six t d a y o f J u n e o n e t o usan d eig t u n d re d h h h
y y
,

a n d n in e t S ix , b e fo re m e , W illia m H Dun lo p, a n o ta r
y h
-
.

O f C o o k , re sid in
p u blic in a n d f or t h e C ou n t g t erein ,
d u ly c o mmissio n e d a n d sw o rn , p e rso n a ll a pp e a re d Hen ry y
H a rriso n , G eo rge o rse a n d M
a m es o n so n
p erso n a l lyJ Jh
k n o wn t o m e t o be t h e sa me p erso n s w o se n a mes a re su b
,

h
sc rib e d t o t h e w it h in in st ru me n t , a n d t h e s e v e ra ll , d u l
y y y
h hy
,

a c k n o w l ed g e d t o me t a t t e ex e c u t e d t h e sa m e
T h h h
.

IN W I N ES S W H ER EO F , I ave e reun t o se t m y an d an d
a ffi x e d m y O ffi c ia l s ea l , a t m y O ffi c e in t h e C it y O f C ic a g o , h
y
C ou n t o f C oo k , t h e d a y a n d y ea r in t h is c e rt ifi c a t e fi rst
a b o v e w rit t e n . \
VI LL I A M H DU N L O P, .

N o t a ry Pu b lic ,
I n a n d fo r t h e C o u n t o f C o o k , St a t e O f Illino is y .

NOTI C E T O T EN A N T .

(N O .

Tak e n o t ice , t a t yo u h in d e b t e d u n t o m e in t h e
a re j u s t ly

su m O f t w e n t y d o ll a rs f o r re n t o f t h e f o l lo win g d e s c rib e d

p remises, t o w it : A ll t h e sec o n d fl o or o f t h e b u ild in g o w n ed

by m e a n d k n o w n a n d d es ig n a t ed a s N
'

4 So ut h To m k ins O
A v en ue, in t h e C it y
O f Ro c h e st e r, o n roe C o u n t an d M y
S ta t e o f N ew Y
o rk , t en d o lla rs o f w ic h s a id s u m O f re n t h
b ec a m e a n d w a s d ue a n d p ay a b le o n N o v em b er 1 , 1 900,
h
, ,

an d t e n d o lla rs o f w ic h sa id su m O f re n t b ec a me , a n d w as ,
y
d u e a n d p a a ble o n Dec emb er 1 s t , 1 900, w ic sa id su m O f h h
y
t w en t d ollars ren t you a re req u ired t o p ay t o me , o n o r
220 Leg a l F or ms .

D EM U RR ER .

(N O
SUP ULTO N Y
.

Fo l . 1* REME C O U RT . F C O UN T .

LE O N HAR C HE R RY
D an d

JOH N H E N RY M ART I N ,

g in t a a s
C HAR L E B U N E
S C .

Th e d e fe n d a n t , C h a rles B u n c e, d e mu rs t o t h e
c o mpl a in t h erein , a n d f o r t h e g rou n d s o f h is d e
h
mu rrer st a t es, t a t it a p p ea rs , u po n t h e fa c e o f t h e
o m la in t , t h a t t h ere is a misj o in d e r O f
p p arties
p la in t iff , in t a t t h e h
p l a in t iff , o h n H e n r a rt in , J yM
is imp ro pe rl j o in ed w it y h
t h e o t he r p la in t iff , b e
c a u se h e is s o w n t o h a ve h
n o c a u s e o f a c t io n
y h h
j o in t l w it h im , bu t t a t t h e s ol e c au s e O f a c t ion
set f o rt h in t h e c o mp l a in t is s o w n t o b e in t h e h
h
2 o t h e r p la in t iff , Le o n ard C e rr , ex c lu sive o f sa id h y
J
o h n H en r yM
a rt in

J
.

Da t ed , an ua ry 1 0, 1 90 1
LP
;

RU DO H SO U T H ,
De fe n d a n t s At t orn e ,
’
y
O ffi c e Add ress a n d 5 0 W e st a in St re e t , M
Po s t O ffi c e Ad d ress
-
o n st o w n , N Jh . Y .

N O TI C E O F P EN D EN C Y O F AC TI O N .

(N o
SUP F UL Y
.

Fol . REME C O U R T . TO N C O UN T .

JO S E H P K EP L E R,
a ga in st

WI LL IAM DO BB J S, r AER L B T M O O R E, M IC H AE L
FU W I LL IAM NA
.
,

L . NK ,
B A TES , JOH . S T ARK and

JAMES B U S H .

To t h e C l e rk o f t h e C ou n t O f u l t on y F
S im —N o t ic e is e re b h y
g ive n t h a t a n a c t io n h a s
b een c o mmen c e d , an d is n o w p en d i n g in t ln s c ou rt ,
v F "
Fo l . Abbre iat io n f o r
by t h e rule s o f p rac t ic e t o be f o liO d
v
C erta in lega l d oc u men ts a re req u ired
o l io .

c o mmen c in g wit h t h e rs t wo rd ,
e ery h u n d red wo rd s are n u mb e red c o n se c u t i el y in t h e ma rg in as sh o wn inv
fi
a bo v e f o rm .
,

te th line, d itto marks being u sed a f ter t h e rst, in stea d o f t h e word , f

n
“
fi
In p rac t ice it is c u st omary t o p lac e t h e f o lio O p p os1te eac h
o li o
" .
 Lega l F or ms .
22 1

b y t h e abo v e n a me d p la in t iff a g a in st t h e a bo v e
h
-

n a med d e f en d a n t s , t h e O bj e c t o f w h ic ac t io n is t o
f orec lo se a m ec h a n ic s l ie n , a n o t ic e O f w ic
’
lien h h
w a s d ul y
fi l e d in t h e O ffi c e of t h e c lerk o f t h e
y F
Fol 2 C o u n t O f ult o n o n t h e 2 d d a y o f De c e mbe r, 1 8 97
y h
. .

T h e rea l p ro p e rt a ff ec t e d by su c lien is d e s c ribe d

a s f o llo w s , v iz :

h y
.

All t a t t ra c t o r p a rc el o f l a n d s it u a t e in t h e c it
of Jh
o n sto w n , C o u n t Of y
u lt o n a n d S t a t e o f N e w F
Y
o rk , d esig n a t e d a s l o t N O se v en t on e (7 1 u on
) p y
y
-
.

a m a p o r p lo t o f lan d c o mm o n l k n o wn a n d c a lle d
“
a s la id ou t u o n a m a
”
K e n sin g t o n Pl a c e , p p or
p lo t m a d e b y C F
isk e , C E , a n d fi led in t h e o ffi c e
y F
. . .

o f t h e c l e rk o f t h e C o u n t of ul t o n o n t h e 2 d d a y
O f Dec e m b e r, 1 8 95 , a n d be in g t h e sa m e
p remises
c o n v eye d b y W illia m T B ro w n a n d o t h ers t o ‘

Jh
.

sa id d e fen d a n t s W illia m Do bb s, J r , a n d o n A

h h
. .

H
S t a rk , b y d e e d d a t e d Ma y 1 9 1 8 96, w ic d ee d ,
’
w as re c o rd e d in s a id c le rk s O ffi c e , M a y 2 3 , 1 8 96,
in bo o k O f d ee d s N O 98 a t p a g e 65 , a n d a ls o .

t h e sa m e prem i ses d e sc rib e d in a c o n t ra c t f o r t h e

y h
c o n v e a n c e t e re o f m a d e b y sa id d efe n d a n t s Al b ert
M
o o re an d ic a el L M h
un k t o sa id d e fe n d a n t . F
Willia m B a t es, d a t ed O c t 1 9, 18 97 , a n d fi led an d .

’
rec o rd e d in s a id c l erk s O ffi c e , O c t o b er 20, 1 8 97 , in
b o o k o f d e ed s N o 1 01 a t p ag e 42 . .

Da t ed , Dec e mber 2 7 , 1 8 97
LL IAM
.

WI B ALC O M,
Pla in t ifi s At t orn e , ’
y
O ffi c e Add re ss a n d o n st o w n , Jh
Po st O ffi c e Ad d re ss *
-
u lt o n C o , N F Y
ty f F
. . .

TO t h e C lerk o f t h e C ou n o ul t o n Y ou a re —
h ere b y
d irec t e d t o in d ex t h e f oreg o in g n o t ic e t o,
a n d in t h e n a me s O f t h e d e f e nd a n t s Willia m Do bb s ,
J M M h F
,

r , Al b e rt o o re , ic a e l L un k , W il lia m B a t es
Jh
. .

an d o n A S t a rk in t h e ab o v e e n t it led a c t io n

W I LL IAM
-
. .

B AL C O M
Pla in t iff
’
s
,

At t o rn e y ,

O ffi c e Ad d re ss and

Post O th e e Ad d re ss
-
N . Y .

Th e ru les of p rac tic e req u ire th e a tto rney to sta te h is o mc e a nd post

m
' ce add ress .
2 22 Leg a l F orms .

CO MP LA I N T .

(N O .

Fol 1 . SUP REM E C U F UL O RT . TO N C O UN T Y .

LE ON HAR C HERRY d D an

. J HENRY M
O HN A RT I N ,

g i a a n st

C HAR L E S BU N CE .

Th e a b o ve n a m e d p l a in t iff s , f or a c o mp l a in t a n d
h
-

c a use o f a c t io n e re in a g a in s t t h e a bo e v na me d d e
y h
-

f e n d a n t , re s p e c t f u l l s ows to t h e c o u rt a n d
a l le es
g
T h a t h e ret o f o re , a n d o n t h e 2 l st d a y o f Sep t e m
b e r, 1 90 0 , a t t li e c it Of G lo v e rs v ille , y
u lt o n F
y
C o u n t , N Y , t h e p l a in t iff C h e n y, a t t h e re u es t
. . q
O f t h e d e fe n d a n t , so ld a n d d e l iv e re d t o h im c e rt a in

g o o d s , w a re s a n d m e rc h a n d is e , c o n s ist in
g O f g lo v e s
a n d m it t e n s, of the k in d s , s t les, u a lit ies a n d y q
qu a n t it ies , a n d a t t h e a g re ed p ric e s n e x t e re in h
2 a ft er Sp e c ifi c a ll s e t f o rt h , V I Z y t w e lv e d o ze n s O f

g e n t l e m e n s o u t se a m o n e b u t t o n glo v es a t t h e
’ -

a g re e d p ric e O f n in e d o l la rs p e r d o ze n , a n d se v e n

d o ze n s o f l a d ie s o v ers e a m se v e n h o o k e d g lo v es a t
’

h y
-

t h e a g ree d p ric e o f e ig t d o ll a rs a n d fi f t c e n t s p e r
d o ze n , a m o u n t in g in t h e a g g reg a t e t o t h e s u m O f
o n e b u n d le d a n d s ix t y
s e v en d o l la rs a n d fi f t -
c en ts y .

T h a t b y t h e t e rm s O f t h e sa l e o f sa id g o o d s , w a re s
h
a n d m e rc a n d ise , t h e p u rc a s e p ric e t h e re o f, v i z h
t h e sa id su m o f b e c a m e , a nd w a s , d u e a n d
p y
a a b le o n t h e 22 d d a y O f N o v e m b e r, 1 900 , 11 0
p a rt

h
3 o f w h ic h a s b e e n p a id , a n d t h e re is n o w j us t l d u e y
a n d o w in
g t h e pl a in t iff s by t h e d e fen d a n t t h e sa id
s um o f $ h
1 67 5 0 , w it in t e rest t h e 1 eo n f 1 o m t h e 2 2 d
.

d a y O f N o v em b er, 1 900 .

W H ER EF O R E t h e p l a in t iff s d e ma n d j ud g me n t
a a in st t h e d e fe n d a n t fo r t h e su m O f o n e
g u n d re d h
U
B
“
C om p l a in t . I n s o m e S tat es an d in t h e n ited S ta tes c o u rt s, t h is
,

p a pe r is kn o w n a s ill o r Dec la ra t io n It c o n t a in s a sta temen t O f f a c ts

.

w h ic h c o n s t itu te t h e c a u se , or c a u se s n n n n wh ic h a pe rso n f o u n ds h is
rig h t t o ma in ta in a la wsuit .
224 Leg a l F or ms .

Sec o n d h
F o r a f u rt er a n d separa t e a ns wer t o t h e
c o mp la in t h
erein , t h e d ef e n d a n t a lleg es t a t , ere h h
t o f o re , a n d o n o r a b ou t t h e l 0t h d a y O f Dec em b er,
1 900, t h e p la in t iff a n d t h is d ef en d an t f u ll se y
c ou n t e d t o a n d w it h
ea c h h
o t e r a s t o t h e c a u se O f

a c t ion se t f o rt h h
in t h e c om p l a in t erein , a n d a lso a s
y
t o a ll m o n e s, a c c o u n t s a n d m a tt ers O f diff e ren c e t en , h
h
a n d p revi o u s t e re t o , ex ist in g b e t w een t em an d , h
o n t h e d a y last me n t io n e d , s t a t e d t h e ac c o u n t t en h
h h
2 b e t we e n t e m , a n d t a t , u po n s aid l as t m e n t ion ed
d a t e, t h ere w a s f o u n d d u e a n d o w in g u p o n a c c o un t
h
,

o f a ll s a id m o n ey s, a c c o u n t s a n d m a t t ers , f ro m t is
d e fen d a n t t o s a id pl ain t iff, t h e su m O f fi f t d o lla rs , y
h y
w ic h sa id su m o f fi ft d ol lars , t is d efe n d an t , o n h
sa id l as t m e n t ion e d d at e , p a id t o s a id pl a in t iff w h o
h
,

rec eiv e d t h e s a m e in f u l l s a t is f a c t io n a n d d is c arg e

h
O f a ll c l a ims a n d d em a n d s t e n e x ist in g in f av or O f
h
s a id p lain t iff a g a in st t is d e f en d a n t .

W H ER EF O R E, t h e d e f e n d a n t d eman d s j u d gmen t
a g ain s t t h e s a id p la in t ifi t h a t t h e c o mp l a in t e rein h
b e d is misse d , w it h t h e c o s t s a n d d isb u rs em en t s o f
h
3 t is a c t io n
U OLPH S
.

R D O U TH
y
,
’
Def en d an t s At t orn e
O ffi c e Ad d ress a n d 50 W est M a in S t reet,
,

Post O fii c e A d d ress
-
Jo h n st o wn , N Y . .

Sta t e O f N ew o rk Y
y F
C oun t o f ul t o n
h
C a rle s B u n c e, b ein g d ul s w orn , sa sy T at h e y h
is t h e d e fe n d a n t in t h e a bo ve e n t it led a c t io n
-
t at h
h e h as rea d t h e f ore g o in g a n sw er a n d k n o w s t h e
h
c o n t e n t s t h e reo f , a n d t a t t h e s a m e is t ru e t o h is
o wn k n o w l e d g e , e x c ep t as t o t h e m a t t ers t e rein h
s t a t ed t o b e a lle g ed o n h is in f orma t ion a n d b elie f ,

h
an d t h a t , a s t o t o se m a t t e rs, h e b elie v e s it t o
b e t ru e.

Sub sc rib ed a n d s wo rn t o be fore me

h
t is 2 d d a y o f F
eb ru a r , 1 901 y .
C H AR L ES B UN CH:
JEROM E B I LL I N G T O N
yP F
,

N o t ar u blic , u lt on Co .
, N Y
. ..
2 62 I n ferreelea
'
Words . 225

C H A PT ER x x x vil .

IN TERSEC TED W O RDS .

262 Th e p rac t ic e of in t ersec t io n , or t h e w rit in g O f one

h y
.

st ro ke c o n so n a n t t h ro u g a n o t h er, inis o f g rea t u t ilit

p ro v id in g t h e w rit er t b wi h
rie f , d ist in c t iv e, a n d e a sil y
w rit ten f o rms f o r t h e t it le s O f pu blic c o mp an ies, O ffi c ia ls
q y
,

t h e n a me s O f p o lit ic al p a rt ie s, f re u e n t l o c c u rring c o l
h
l o q u ial p ra s e s, e t c , a l l O f w ic h h
a re u su a lly u t t e re d w it h
h y y
.

mo re t a n o rd in a r ra pid it by dic t a t o rs o r p ub lic s p e a k e rs ,

A k no wl e d g e o f t h e p rin c iple o f in t e rsec t io n , a s set fo rt h in

t h e fo llo w in g p h ra se s , w ill en a b l e t h e s t u d en t t o d e v ise simi
y
l a r c o n t rac t ion s f o r a n y v er lo n g o r o t h e rw ise a w k w ard
p h ra se w ic h h
is c omm o n t o t h e p ro fe ssion o r b u sin ess in

h
w ic h h e m a y b e e n g a g e d W h e n t h e d irec t ion o f t h e
.
,

s t ro k e s w ill n o t a l lo w o f in t erse c t io n , t h e s ec o n d l et t er
may b e w rit t e n c l ose t o o r u n d er t h e fi rst .

P is e m p lo y ed to rep re sen t p a rty in su c h ph ra se s as

Re pu b lic an p a rt y Lib era l p art y

y y
R
’
De m o c ra t ic p a rt Peo p le s p a rt
C

K F ree S o il p a rt y Po p u l ist pa rt y
fl \ In d e p en d en t p a rty h
Pro ib itio n p a rt y
La b o r p a rt y p o l it ic al
p a rt y
. D is e m p lo y ed to re pres en t dep a rtmen t in p h ra ses l ik e

A g ri c u l t u ra l d e p a rt
Passen ger d ep art men t
me n t

Fi re d ep a rt men t Pol ic e d ep a rt me n t

Po st O th ee d ep art men t
-

In q u iry dep art men t

Purc h asin g d epartm en t

Leg a l d ep a rt m en t

Life d ep a rt m en t S t a t e d ep a rt men t

M ed ica l depa rt men t T reasu ry d epa rtmen t

N av yd e p art men t y
r W a r d epa rt men t
 .

R may b e u se d to re
p re s e n t ra il roa d o r ra il wa y thus

— G ra n d Tru n k R R
L /
\
S<
N ort h ern Pac i fi c R R
q
e
. .

y
.

( 4 30 I llin o is c e n tra l R R W Pen n s lv a n ia R R .

fi
. .

N ew Y ork C en tra l R R . .
S o u th ern Pac i c R R
. .

S is u s ed to re p rese n t i
soc ety ;
Ag ric u lt u ral soc ie t y Mi ss io n a r y s oc ie t y

B ible so c ie t y -
Ph o n o g 1 a p h ic s o c ie t y
H a ul a n e s oc ie t y L
) Te m p era n c e Soc ie t y
6
“
5

M di
e c a l so c ie t y T ra c t so c ie t y
K is e m p lo y e d to re res e nt co
p mp a ny in t it l es lik e :

A Am erica n B ank No te C O . N ew Y o rk Life In s C O . .

fl A meric an Ex p res s C O S t a n d a rd O il C o .

W America n N ews C o .

St e a m s ip C Oh .

Ad a m s Ex pre ss C o .

Tra n s po rt a t io n C o .

J a mes S m i t h CO .

U nited S ta t es Ex CO

N a tio nal Ex p res s C o .

”4 Ui n on Tru s t C O .

T is e mp lo yed to re re s en t co
p mmittee ; as :

u
p : C l a 1m s c o mm I t t ee
W Fin a n cfe c o mmit t ee

1 En te rta in men t c ommittee Ho use c o mmit t e e

L
IEx e c u t iv e c o m m it t ee co m mi t te e

Associa tion m a y b e re p re sen t e d in p h ra se s by th e c irc le

8 an d -
tion h o o k ; t h us :

Bar a sso c ia t io n “M u t u a l a id a s s o c ia t io n

\
0 B u ild in g a sso c ia t io n K s Sa v in g s asso c ia t io n
f '
s I m p rov e me n t assoc iatio n L s
' Temp e ra nc e ass oc ia t io n
228 C H A PT ER XXX V III .

LI ST O F S I MIL AR W O RDS ,

DI STI N G U I S H ED BY A DI F F EREN C E OF O U TL I N E .

Whoa two or thre e wor ds a pp ea r u nd er on e out line , th ey a re d isti ng u ished by

p o sitio n , ma rked by fi gu res Vowe ls , a nd t he pr gfi: com or co n, ma rked
.

i n I ta lic , s h ou ld be i ns ert ed , even in Rep orting .

1 co mp a t ible ; 2 p ot a ble ; 3 comp u ta ble ;

p it ia ble

b 1 a p t ne ss ;
L p ett in es s

p trf p et rif y ; p u t ref y

\(
p trf les l m \ M p et rif ac t ion ; L J
\ p a tron p a t t ern
J
p ier l p ac k er ; 2 p ec k er ; R
W 1 c o mp o sito r ; 2 p ast ry ;
\
f; p a s ture, post ure

\f
P p a s s ion a te ;
.
p a t ien t

p nr 2 0 p en er ; p ion ee r ; p en ury
\ p ledg er ; p la g ia ry ; \fl p illa g er
7
V ]1
t
1 p l ac id ; p al s ied ; 2 p a lisa d e ; 3 p ell u c id

p rp s 1 p o rp o ise ; 2 p urp o se p er h a p s, p ro po se

p rp r t a p p rop ria t e ro p riety

‘

p urp ort

p rp rs bn a p p ro p ria t ion p rep a ra t ion

p r t le p arta ke ; 1 O p era t ic ; 2 p o rt ico

co m p ara t ive ; \/ L O p era tive

p ret e n d ; p o rt e n d
a p ert ure ; p ort ra y ; O p era tor

p o rt er ;
W p arte rre
 f S imila r W
’
Lis t
'

o ora s . 229

2 a p p roac h ; 3 p reac h ; \4 1 p arch ; 2 p erc h,

p o rc h
p cfr
\
\
p ro fi er ; p refer ; p orp h yry , p erip h ery

p ro d p rovide ; p erva de
i
poo rest ; \f 3 p ur est ; \ f p ursuit f

p r alet p ro sec u te ; \f p er ec te s u

p rs lcs kn \ _a
p ro s ec u t ion ; v 3
p ersec u t ion

p rs n \ u 2 p erso n ; 3 p riso n ; 1 p arso n ; 2 com p ari

son ; 3 Parisian

p rs n t p res en t , p erson a te p ursu a n t

p rs l Y p arc el , p arsle y ; \f p a ra so l , p erusa l

p rs b Pru ss ia ; \4 p erish , Per sia .

p r s kn op p re ss ion , Pru ssia n ; p ort ion , a p p or

t ion , Persia n

p r m nn t N M 1 p romin en t ; 3 (ra t h er t h an 2 , to p re

v en t c la s hi ng wit h t h e p reviou s word) p erm an

en t ; p r e -
min en t
e

3 p oorn e s s; 3 p uren ess

(

?) 3
i

p r nss p rin c es ; p rin c ess

p r ls 1 p ara ly ze ; 2 p erilou s

btf bea u t if y
I bea t ify
‘

blsm M blos so m ; W ba l s

br ie L 2 brea k , bro k e ; 3 bric k , broo k ; bark,

br kr brea k er, bro k er ; \f bark er [b a rra ck
brt lz 1 brot h ; 2 brea t h ; bi rt h
230 Lis t o f S imila r Wo rds .

brl V ba rley ; V barrel, buria l ; barely;

barilla
l
L 1 t a nn er ; 2 t en or ; 3 t un er ; «
\ ten u re

2 t ra ito r ; 3 t re a ter ; Ta rta r ;

R to rt u re

W t errito ry , Tart a ry

l , 1 c o n t ra s t ; 2 t rac e d, t ru st ;
l 3 tr uest

L
2 a t t rit ion ; c on t rit ion ; l/ > c on to rt i n , o tert ian ;

[7 ite ra t ion

d tr l
]
1 da ug ht e r, a u dito r ; 2 debto r ; 3 dou bter ;
R e dito r .

I
L 1 au ditory dieta ry
I
; 2 dete r ; 3 deto u r

d tr mn t
L
det rimen t - a] \ dete rm in ed
g

df na L o a dv an c e, def en c e, dea f n es s ;
k g
defia n c e,

df r
L /
2 def ra y ; 3 difi er ; L 2 def er ; 3 devou r ;

d vrs
L div ers , ad vers e ; I
f diverse , divorce

ds tn
} > dest ine; de st in y ;
b dest in a t ion ; 0 L dist in c t ion

dise a s e, disu se (a ) ; disu se (n ).

5 1 dioc ese ;

d art
; diseased
5 dec e Cis e d
$ 3 desist [3 dec ea se

d l tr L / a du lte ry ; M idola t ry i f ido la t er ;

f
i a du l a to r, dil uter

j nt
L g ia n t ; a g en t ; j nts [ g ia n t s ; ( g ian te s s
9
l
mtl g en teel , gen t le , g en t ly G en t ile

letra ac to rs , a c tres s ;
T l) ca u te rize

Icvl r c a viller ; c a v a lier

be lcr t — 1 r
'
e x ecra t e ; _ £L / ex coria te

kslcrs l m —
3 e x c u rsion , e x ec ra t ion ; excoria t ion

kip s ec lip s e ; _ f \ o c oll a p s e

m “ T

k 1 c la t t er
R
23 2
f S zmzla r Word r
'

Lis t
'

o .

oy st e r, Ea ster ; au st e re, ast ir ; ast ray ,

Au stria ; V e s t u a ry

co n sidera te ; co n sidere d

es t 2 a s sist ; 9 co n s is t ; 2 e s s a y is t ; soc iet y , s ie sta

en t Q
/
I s en t (to di st in g u is h it f rom t h e p resen t ten s e
q, s end , writ t en on t h e lin e)
Q
J
s ntr ] s en t ry ; c en t ury

s l tr ( l/
/
so lita ry , c onc il ia to ry ; ( 1 su l t ry ;
6 p s a ltery , sa lu ta ry

mp s l mt fil) A ? im p a ss ion ed ; A f imp a t ien t

mn N 1 m an y my , o wn ; 2 m o n ey
“

?
I
mns ti w '
l m on st er ; 2 m in st er m in iste r ; ,

ist ry ; W m ona ste ry

mrdr A m ur der ; ma ra u der
0
mr drs m m urders ;
3 m urderou s m u rderess ,

Lin definit e ;
V
nol f nt V
\a u n de fi n e d

i in g eniou s ; 1 ing e n u ou s
)
1
s,
v

n vd ( t) bl u n a vo ida bl e ;
i in e vita ble

l br t r
“ la
bour e d : m elabo ra t e

f
11 afi looa l ; f 1 lik ely ; 2 lu c k il y
” f
lrnd f lea rn e d (ver b) ; f l ea rn ed (
r ien s A u 1 rig ht eo u sn ess , rioto u sn es s ; 2 on ce

rg r t reg a r d; reg ret

re m 3 resu me ; / L 3 rea s s u me
ra ce rs , re so rc e ; u X rac e h ors e
r nst 3 rin s e d ;
w e a rn est

7m m m 1 H ym en , h u m an ; 2 h u m an e '

It lnd Holl an d ; 7 H ig h la n d ;
,
/
o
f ’ H ol
y La n d
Zorn } 1 h orn ; 3 h ereo n ;
L 1 h orn y : 3 h erein

h eron ; h eroin e
 Lis t f
o S imila r Words . 233

Ex e rc is e 9 6 .

[In trodu cing words in t h e prec edin g list f rom co mp a tible to

p a rterre (p .

It is n ot comp a tible wit reason t a t men s ou ld m ake t em h h h h

sel v es p itia ble b y in d u lg e n c e in p ota ble o iso n s f o r t h e sa k e of ,

pa ssing plea su re y et t he n u m be r wh o t u s err is n o t c omp u t

h h
,

a ble . T h e res u l ts of su c a a bit a re d e pl ora ble Th e op tic .

n erv e is w ea k e n e d a n d t h e o n c e p ellu c id e ye is d imm ed ; a ll

p oetic se n sib il it y l s d ea d en ed ; t h e f a c e, f o rmerly | p lac i d is

h
wrinkled a n d worn t h e a n d whic u se d t o be st ro n g enou g h ,

h
,

t o t ea r d o wn a p a lisa d e is n ow p a ls ied a n d n erv eless t e re is h

,

a n ap tn ess t o e x h ibit p ettin ess l of t e m pe r, wit p a ssi on a te ou t h

h
b u rst s o f a n g er, w ere p a tien t f orb ea ra n c e h a d p re v iou sl b een y
t h e ru le h
Th e w ole p a ttern o f l if e is c h a n g ed w en a ma n
. h
bec o mes a p a tron o f t h e pl a c es wh ere t h e po ison is re t a iled .

All a ppe t it e f or o rd in a ry f oo d is lost a n d t h e v ic t im (p erh ap s a ,

p a c ker in a st ore o r a comp osi tor o n t h e d a ily press) be c omes l a

m ere p ecker, a k i n d o f ep icu re, w o se p a la t e mu st be t ic kled h
h
.

wit h p as try w ose very p a tu re a t t abl e mu st b e st u died a n d

,
s
,

f o r wh o m n o p a stu re c ou ld p rodu c e me a t of su ffi c ien t t en d er

n ess . He ma y, p erh ap s bec o me a p ledg er, a p lag ia ry or e v en
, ,

t h e p illag er of a po rp oise sk in f ro m so me p l ac ema n or p olice

ma n fo r t h e p u rp ose o f o b ta in ing mea n s t o p u rc a se t h e po ison
, h
h e d e sires Tru e , h e m a y
. ap ose t o re t u rn t h e p rop erty u po n
an app rop ri a te oc casio n , w en h e c om e s ba c k t o t h e p a t h s of
rop ri ety, b u t h is p re a ra ti on f or t h e app rop r ia ti on o f a n
p
h
ot e r s p rop erty wou l
'
b elie t h e p u rp ort of h is wo rd s, an d n one
wou ld bel ieve h im I t is o f c omp a ra tive in sign ifi c a n ce wh et h er
.

a ma n be a n Op era tive in I a f ac t o ry, a p orter o n t h e ra il wa y,

a n op era tor in a t eleg ra p h
o ffi ce , t h e d esig n er o f a pa rterre in

t h e p a rk , or o f a b ea u tif u l rtic o in t h e c it —h e c a n n ot p a r y
ta ke of t h e po iso n s re t erre t o wit h o u t d a n ger He may be t h e
'

p rin c ipa l in a n op era tic c om p a n y, or a n a rt ist able t o orfra y

n at u re wit h
t h e u t most fid elity in du l gen c e is e u a ly d a n — q
gerc u s f or h im I t is u sel es s t o p reten d t ha t t h e b eg in n in g o f
h
.

t h e abit doe s n ot p orten d t h e en d I t is, a s it were, a n a per

h q y
.

twre t a t soon ex pa n d s, a n d it is f re u en tl t h e op ener, or

h
p ion eer o f t h e ro ad t a t lea d s t o p en u ry Wo rst o f a ll , it ma y
h h h
.

p etrif y t h e ea rt , a n d t h ere will be p etrif a c tion w ere It e re

h
s ou ld be be n efa c t io n U v
n i ersa l ex c e ss wo u ld u n d o u b te dl y
y y
.

dest ro or pu tref y soc iet , a n d gen era l p u tref a c tion wou ld e n d

in t ota l a nn i ila t ion h (4 10) .
 ’
234 Lis t of S imila r lVe ra s .

Ex e r c i s e 9 7 .

[I nt rodu c in g word s in t h e p rec edin g l ist f rom app roa c h to

birth ( p .

An y st ory ma y p rea c h a l esso n if we a pp roac h its p erus a l

ro perly, b u t w e o n l y
a rc h u o u r min d s if we p erc h o u rse lv es
p
ig h hhors e a t w a t m a y pp
be c a ll e d t h e p orc h o r en t ra n c e
y h
u po n a

t o t h e st o r a n d p ref er t o g a llo p t h ro ug h it wit ou t p a u sin g t o

,

ac c e p t t h e le sso n s wh ic h
t h e a u t h o r ma y p roffer T u s we miss h
y h
.

t h e bea u t of t h e p orp h yry w ile we mea su re t h e p erip h ery o f

t h e fi g u re d ra wn u o n it I n t h e p u rsu it of rec rea t ion o r
h h
.

kn o wledge we s ou l provide o u rs elv es with a pla n a n d s oul d

h h
d ec line t o a llo w t h e in t erest w ic m a y p erva de e v en t h e p oores t
y
s t o r t o d ra w u s f ro m t h e p rosecu ti on o f o u r pla n w ic we h h
h
s o u ld p rosecu te with t h e a mb it ion—t h e res t of a ll a mbi
,

t ion s o f m a k in g o ursel v es bet ter men a n wo men W et h e r . h

it be a sto ry o f opp ression a n d p ersecu tion by a Pru ssi a n or a
P ersi a n or a n a t t e mpt b y so me p erson t o p erson a te or p erse
,

c u te a Pa risi a n p a rson a n d c a st h i m in t o p rison w e t er t h e h h

n a rra t ive b e rem a rka ble f or e x c el l en c e o r p oorn ess ; w e t er
—
h h
a p or tion o f t h e scen e h e la id in Pru ssia or in Persia it ma t
t ers not h h
w e s ou ld a ve t h e o bj ec t of ou r re ad in g e ver p res en t,
a n d a s p u rsu a n t wit h
t h is o bj ec t , we s h o u ld a rti on so me
,

h
t ime t o a c omp a rison o f t h e c a ra c t ers a n d t e p u ren ess o f
h
t e ir m o t iv e s o f ac tio n h
O t erwise o u r read ing is perilou s
.
,

a n d we m a y p a ra l ze ou r g ood t a ste , if , in dee d it do es I n ot ,

p erish en t irel ith t h e o bj e c t o f self im pro v e men t e v er

y
-
.

p romi nen t in is m in d , t h e p eru ser of books be c o mes a pu rsu er

o f k n o wled ge, a n d t h e h
istory o f t h e oppress or a n d p i ercer o f
h u ma n h ea rt s ma y t h u s be rea d wit p erma n en t a n d heemi
,

n en t ad v a n t a ge W e bea tif y t h e ero wh o wo u ld broo n o o p

. h
o sit io n wh o wou ld e v e n bea u tif y v irtu e wh o re fu sed t h e l
ri be o f t h e briber a n d d esp ise d h is bribery ; a n d we c on de mn
t h e vill a in f ro m B a rba ry w ose h h
ea rt wa s l ik e a bric k or a
s to n e h ,

h
wh o b rok e f a it w it t h e p ri nc ess 1 a n d sold t h e p ri nces
t o t h e ir e n e mies wh o wo u ld brea k h is wo rd a s li h t ly as h e
wou ld blo w u pon a c u p o f rste broth ; wh o reg a r ed a ro m
ise a s me re brea th w io 1 d ie h in t h e m omen t of its irth
h h h
.
,

W h et er h e b e a broker or a p a rcel c a rrier w et er be liv e in

a ba rra ck o r a a la c e, t h e rea der m a y
,

g a t e r a bloss om f ro m h
e v ery st ory a n ,obt a in a ba lsa m f or t h e wou n d s ca u sed it ma y ,

be by t h e barb o f ea lou sy B u t h e mu st s t rip o ff t h e o u t er

'

.
,

ba rk it h e wo u ld n d t h e k ern el h e mu st 0 n t h e p a rasol
if h e wou l d lea rn it s c o n st ru c t io n N o t e v e ry a rker is a g oo d
h y
.

wa t c er, n or e v er t a lke r a wise man (450) .

23 6 Lis t of S imila r Words .

h
His execra tion of w a t h e t ou g t idola try wo uld n ot reven t h h
him a c c om pa n yin g t h e i dola ter o n a n ex cu rsi on Th e idle .

cla tter of b ig o t s c o u ld n ot d ist u rb a m a n o f h is cu ltu re a n d I

h a ve It
seen h im c h a t t in g a s h ea rt ily wit h t h e gia n tess a n d
,

h h
gia n s in a s ow a s h e wou ld wit
!
t h e a gen t o f a po werf u l
c o m pa n y Poor f ello w h e wa s no c a viller
. He l wa s n ot a .

tra i tor o r a c o mmo n trea ter, a n d h e wo u ld h a v e s uff e red tortu re

h
ra t h e r t a n b e t ra y a tru s t A con tra st h a s bee n tra ced by a .

gia n t bet wee n h is d is ti n c tion a n d n obilit y, a n d t h e a du ltery

o f t h e ca va lier whic led t o a d ivorc e hTh e sa d ac c id en t .

c a u sed a n eclip se o f h is p o we rs, f o ll o we d t oo soon b y a n u t t e r

collap s e Th e tru es t e s t im a t e o f t h e c h a ra c t er of t h e decea sed
h
.

ma y be fo rmed f ro m t h e f a c t t h a t o we v er men migh t d ifier

'

h
f ro m o n e a n ot er a n d be rea d y a l mo st t o d evo ur on e a n o t h e r I
h
in a rg u men t , t ey wo u ld a l wa ys d ef er t o h im, fo r h e wa s a d e
fi er o f ba d t e m pe r I t is p ropose d t o d ef ra y t h e f u n e ra l ex
h
.

pen ses b p u blic s u bsc ript io n Th e p roc essio n will l a v e t o .

ma ke a cl ou r t o a v oid t h e b u siest st ree t s ( 640) .

Ex e r c i s e 9 9 .

[I nt rodu c in g word s in t h e p rec ed in g l ist f rom clock to

si tu a ti on (p .

’
At f ou r o clock t h e offi c er t ook h is c loa k a n d t h e c lick o f h is ,

re v ol v e r s h o wed t h a t h e e x p ec t e d o ppo s it ion if n o t a c a la mi ty

o n t h e cli mb u p t h e h
ill bef ore h is colu mn c o u ld c la im vic t ory
h
o r a cc la i m t h eir t riu m p o v e r t h e ca li co d ressed wa rrio rs o n t h e
,

c rest o f t h e e min en c e A cc u ra te prepa ra t io ns h a d bee n made a t

h h
.

f
a con erence t h e n ig t be f ore , so t h a t t h e a tta c k mig t a cc ord
h h
with t a t ma d e a t ot er p oin t s, a nd it wa s o n l a f t er a ll wa s y
h
a rra ng ed t h a t h e t h re w imsel f a m o n g t h e f erns in t h e a mm u
h v
n it io n ca rt t a t ser ed a s a t en t a n d t h ou g h t h e migh t in f a ir
n ess c ou rt a l itt le s lee p I n a ccorda n ce wit h is o rd ers h e was
.
‘
h
a rou sed a t f o u r by t h e corp ora l, wh o wa s gu a rdia n o er t h e v
g a rden wh ere t h e c a rt st oo d , a n d h e p re pa red f or his a t tem pt
t o c u t t h e G ord ia n k n ot wh ic f a c ed h im, a n d f o r w ic he h h h
h op ed t o rec e iveI pro motion as a g u erd on Th e clima te h a d
F
.

t old o n t h e t roo ps oo d wa s scarc e , a n d t h e men of t en c h ewed

h
.

v
,

t h e cu lm f rom t h e g ra s s t o sa e t h em f rom c olic T ey h o d .

t h e c omin fi g h t wou ld cu lmi n a te in ic t ory, a n d t h a t t ey v

m ig h t s mo e t h e c a lu met of p ea c e a ga in T ey d id n ot ca lu m h
h
.

n ia te t h eir f oes, wh o se cou rag e wa s u n d o u b t ed a n d w ose

c a rria ge was n oble N o r d id t h ey g i e credence t o t h e c arg es v h
y
.

of vilen ess a n d vi olen ce ma de a ga in st t h e e n em As Corp ora l

h
.

B la ke sa id, t ey d id n ot min d c orp orea l f o e s a n d wh y sh ou ld

h
t ey fe a r imma t eria l t h in g s It wa s u se less t o wea r f un erea l
,
 Lis t o f S imila r Words .
23 7

f a ces e ven a t t h eir o wn f u n era l ; t ey k n e w th e f ortu ne of wa r, h

a n d w h y f righ ten t h e m sel v es wit h mere ru mors ? He h a d
h
o n e t ro u g h f ou rteen e n g a g eme nt s u n h a rmed , a n d h e afi rmed
h is fi rm c o n v ic t io n t h a t t h is wou ld f orm n o e x ce pt ion His
h
.

d rea m t h e n ig h t bef ore see me d t o confi rm h is Ibelie f t a t h e

wou ld yet ret ire to a f a rm a n d conf orm t o t h e c ivil la w a s h e
h a d t o t h e m ilit a r y
He mig h t e v en b e h ea rd in t h e n a t ion a l
h
.

foru m a n d wh o k n ew b u t wh a t h e mig t bec om e a f a ctor a n d

,

o wn a f a c tory I n n o wa y f orwa rd or rowa rd B la k e wa s ,

fa vored by t h e offi c ers a n d a f a vori te of th e men He wa s

h
.

s tea dy f o n d o f s tu dy a n d h a d a sp i r it t a t wou ld su pp ort h im

, ,

in a n y s ta ti on or si tu a tion He rea d a n order a s if it were a

.

c ita ti on W h en Priv a t e W ood s wou n d beg a n t o supp u ra te,

.
’

a n d t h ey h a d t o sep a ra te h im f ro m t h e rest it wa s s ta id B la ke ,

wh o s tood by h im a n d a c t ed in t h e s tea d of a n u rse A man .

o f veri ty h e sh o wed h is vi rtu e in a va ri ety o f wa ys a n d if h e

, ,

c o u ld n o t co nvert a b a d t em pe red ma n h e c ou l d a l wa ys a vert

h is wra t h
K ee n si gh ted a n d a fi n e ride r, h e wa s b est su i ted
h h
.

w en sea ted o n h is steed , w ere h e sa t fi rm a s a g ra n i te roc k

h h
.

He wore a n eig h tee n c a ra t g old ring , set wit h a g a rn et, w ic ,

wit h a silv er c ru et h a d b een g iv en h im b y h is c ou sin , a cu ra te
, .

B lake s o pin ion s were t h e c ri teri a t o wh ic h t h e men a p pea led

’

h y
.

T ey rec og n ized in h im a crea tu re a bov e t h e msel ve s Th e

h
.

ad e a rd h im t a lk of evolu ti on pe r o n a l voli ti on t h e a t t ri , s
,

bu t e s of t h e Crea tor a n d t h e e ffec t s o f a viola ti on of His

,

l a ws o f t h e con vu ls ion o f t h e cra ter o f esu v iu s a nd M a g ma V ,

Ch a r l a He se emed t o k n o w t h e d u t ie s o f a cu ra tor a cou r

I
. .
,

tier a n d e v en t h ose o f a ca rter

, Su c h wa s Corp ora l B la k e . ,

t h e fi rs t t o climb t h e h ill a n d , a la s t h e fi rst t o f a ll

, Th e v ic .

t o ry wa s won , b u t h is sp iri t h a d fled e re t h e c olu mn pau sed

f or rest I (600) .

Ex e r c i s e 1 0 0 .

[In t rod u c in g word s in th e p rec edin g list f rom oyster to

h eroin e (p
h
.

Dear W a lt er you t is morn in g a c o py o f ou r loc al

, I sen t
a pe r c o n t a in in g a n ela bora te b u t n o t la bored a rt ic le o n S oc iety
p
m t h e Twel ft C en tu ry h ”
Plea se sen d it t o M r B ro wn wh en
. .

you h a e rea d itv T h e es sa yis t wh o is bot h i ngen i ou s a n d

.
,

in gen u ou s, wa s lu ckily e n g a ged by t h e pro riet ors a s likely t o

in c rea se t h e c irc u la t ion o f t h e pa pe r [ a n d tea m ed yesterd a y ,

t h a t sin ce h is se ries o f lea rn ed art ic les c o mme n c ed t h e c irc u la

t ion h a s t rebled I t is i n evi ta ble t h a t so m e rea d ers s ou ld
. h
e x ress diss a t isfa c t ion wit h t h e a rt ic les Th a t is u n a void .

abe . Th ere a re s ome wh o wou ld prefer a n art ic le o n a f a orit e v

ra ceh orse, or on t h e g rea t ra cers o f t h e pas t or a life of so me
 \

238 Lis t of Simila r Wordr .

h
ma ra u der wh o was a n g ed f or mu rder wit a deta iled list o f , h
t h e mu rders h e co mm it t ed u rin g h is mu rd erou s c a ree r a nd
h
if t h e a rt ic le d ea lt wit a mu rderess s uc h read ers wo u ld e n j o y
it a ll t h e more h
B u t t ose wh o reg a rd t h e n e wspa er a s a
h h h h
.

resou rce w ic will e l p t e m t o sou n d k n owledge wou d regret

t h e disc on t in u a n c e of a rt ic les su c h as the on e I h a ve s en t Id you .

T h e a u t h o r a p pea rs t o be a n a us tere, imp a tien t ma n , a n c er

y q
'

t a in ly his st le i s oc ca sion a ll u it e i mp a ss ion ed bu t h is ma n

n er is v er y
con cili a tory e is a s tir ev er morn in g a t
. s ix ,
a n d , c old or su ltry , h e t a kes a solita ry wa lk , ike a s en try , o wn
h
by t h e es tu a ry, w hic h a s, h e sa s, a s a lu ta ry effec t u po n h im y
a n d mak es h im en jo h is sies ta a t n oon He h a s t ra v elled a .

g ood d ea l in t h e H y La n d , a n d wou ld n ot g o a s tra y in a n y

,

c o u n try in t h e wo rld He boa st s th e possessio n of a n a n c ien t

.

sa ltery g iv e n h im b y so m e f rie n d s in A u s tri a , wh om h e v isit s

p ,

e very Ea s ter His d u t ies o n t h e p a per a re som e wh a t in defin ite

y
.

a n d u nd efi n ed , b u t t h e c on sis t ma in ly o f c o n t rib u t in g e ssa ys

h y h
ist or a n d l it era t u re , t ou g h h e is ex c ot ed t o a ss ist t h e
h
on
editor w en re u ired q He is a v ery consi c ra te ma n , a n d h is
I h
.

st yle is con sid ered e x c ellen t He is very h u man e wit st ron g

.
,

hu ma n f eeling s, a n d e n dea v o rs t o a d v a n ce in righ teou sn ess

He is rem a rkabl e f o r b is retic en ce a n d h is a bh or
'

e very d a y

y
.

re n ce o f ri otou s ness of e v er k in d It is my own O p in ion , a n d

h
.

th e o pin io n o f ma n y o t h ers, t a t h e will ma ke b ot h mon ey a n d

f a me in t h e p rofessio n h e h a s c h ose n I h ea r h e is t o t a ke u p
‘

M
.

t h e yok e o f Hymen n ex t week Th e la d y is a iss H olla n d ,

h
.

d a u h t er of a h orn y a n de d so n of t oil , a n d h e m et h er d u rin g

igh la n d t ou r la st su mm er S h e wa s, by t h e wa y, t h e
h
a .

heroine of u it e a roma n t ic a d v e n tu re in a sea rc fo r h erons

’

B u t erein lies a st ory w ic I will resu me w en I se e h h h I

h
e ggs .

S u ffi c e it t o sa y t a t h ereon rest s t h e beg in n in g o f t h e

you
h
.

a ff ec t io n w hic is t o be fi n a ll c e m e nt ed n ex t week I t h ink

h h
.

t h e fi n est t in g in t h e a rt ic le I a v e sen t you is t h e d e sc rip

t io n of t h e d epa rt u re o f t h e pilg rim s f or t h e H oly L a n d T ey h
a l l wea r t h e p ilg rim s b a d ge—a sh el l , n o t u n l ik e t h e s e ll o f h
.

an oys ter—a n d t h ere a re represe n t a t ive s of ev er c la ss Th ere y .

is t h e old min ister f ro m so m e f a me d m ins ter, a n x io u s t o c ro wn

h is mini stry b y a v isit t o t h e o ly pla c es a n d t ere t oo, it h h
ma y be , is on e wh o h a s bee n a v eri ta ble mon ster, bu t is n ow
ear n es t in h is re en t a n c e a n d ea g e r to rea ssu m e h is osit io n in
p
t h e world , wit h
h is c o n sc ie n c e f reed c lea n sed , or ri n s ed a s it , ,

w ere, f ro m t h e st a in s of h is p a st lif e A h orn is sou n d ed, a n d

‘

t h e pilg rim s sh i p a sses slowly a wa y p a st t h e mon a s tery

’
I .

c o mm e n d t h e w o le a rt ic l e t o your ea rnes t st u d y, my d ea r
W a lt er, a n d I sh a ll b e gla d to res u me t h e su bj ect w en I see h
you . Y y
ou rs ver t ru l y, PHI I S HAW LP
(63 0) .
240 Sh orth a nd in Pra c tic e .

W RI TIN G
PRACTIC E For dic ta t ion p ract ic e BU S I N ESS C O R
.
,

RESPO N DEN C E IN S HO RTHA N D N o 2, pric e REPO RTIN G Ex , .

RCI S ES , p ric e a n a dd it io n al set o f e x erc ises o n t h e l ist in

h
t is boo k G RADU ATED DI C T ATIO N B O O K S wit h c o u n t ed m a t ter,
p ric e 1 00 ea c h PI T MA N S TW EN T I ETH C ENTU R BU S I N ESS DI C
‘
,

Y
F y
.

TATIO N A N D L EG A L O RM S ( in o rd in a ry t pe ), ric e , st iff b oa rd s

a n d c l ot hb ac k c lo t h PITMAN S RO G RESS I V E DI C
'

TATO R, ric e,
,

c lo t h gilt 8 5 0 ,
,

h
wit ot h er work s d esc ribe d in
t he ca t o g u e, a re rec om m e n d ed .

PHO N O G R APHI C PH RAS E B OO K rice c l ot 500 Th e h

h , , .

prin c iple s o f p h ra se o g ra p y a re u lly t rea ted a n d a b ou t t wo

t h ou sa n d ex a mples o f g e n e ra l p rase s a re g iven , wit g u ida nc e h ,

h
f or mak in g a n u n limite d n u mb er .

LEG AL PHRAS E B OO K p ric e 200 C o n t a ins a la rg e c o llec t io n

h
.
,

of le g a l p h ra ses in a d d it ion t o t h o s e g iv e n in t is w o rk RAI L

,

WAY PHRAS E B OO K p rice 20 0 A v a l u a ble c ollec tio n o f p ra se s

, . h
u sed in ra ilroa d c orrespo n d enc e .

I N S T RU C TI O N IN LEG A L W O RK ( I n ordin a t ype ) B y

y
. .

He nr W Th orne F o r c ou rt st en ogra ph ers an d

. . a w st u d en ts ,

pric e 250 .

PHO N OG RAPH IC O U TLI N ES O F EDIC AL TERM S pric e 7 50 M , .

C o m p rise s a l a rg e c o llec t io n o f sh o rt h a n d f orm s for m ed ica l

t erm s a n d is O f espe cia l v a lu e t o a ll en ga g e d in med ic a l or
,

simil a r work .

T EC H N I C AL REPO RTI N G , pric e c lot h In c lu des

600
h h , .

in stru c t io n on te c n ic a l repo rt in g, wit f o rm s f o r mec h a n ic a l,

h
med ic a l a n d ot er term s a syst e m of c on t ra c t io n s in c o n n e c
t ion wit
,

h
fi gu re repo rt ing ; La t in ‘

qu ota t ion s, an d re n c F h
p h ras es .

REPO RTER S A SSI S TAN T ,

’
rice c lot h 600 C on t a in s a ll
h
.
,

u n vo c al ized wh ic re pre se n t more t a n o n e wo rd ,

o u t lin e s
h
to ge t h er wit g uid a n ce f or disc o v erin g t h e c orrec t wo rd re pre
sen t ed b y a n y giv en ou t lin e in sh ort a n d n o t e s ; a n d s ows h h
t h e diff eren t ou t lin es e m plo e d f or simil a r word s y .

I SAAC PITMAN S S HO RT HAND DI CT I O N AR

’
Y ( N in t h Ed itio n
revised a n d e n la rg e d ) c lo t , lt ,
h ‘

, f u ll roa n ,
,

C on t a ins t h e a pp roved sh ort h a n forms for w ord s a nd

p p
ro e r n a m e s, wit h t yp e key .

S HO RTH AN D TEAC H ER S HAN D B OO K , pric e , c lot 600 ’

2oth h
y
~
.
,

Cen tur Ed it ion Re vised t o d a t e C on ta in s v al u a ble h i nts

. .
2 66 S h or t h a n d in Pr a c tice . 1

a nd p rac t ica l g uid a nce o n ev ery poin t c on nec t ed wit t h e a rt h

o f te a c h ing, a n d s h ould be t h e c o m pa nio n o f e very te a c er h .

Th e Western Pen ma n (C e d a r Ra p id s, Io wa ) sa ys C o n t a in s
‘

ex c e p t io na lly g ood ma t t e r Th e h in t s a n d me t h od s , w ile in h

h
.

ac c o rd a n ce wit well k n o wn peda g ogica l rin c ip les , a re so

c lea rl y
s t a ted in a ma t te r O f fac t wa y, t at t ey a ppea r ra t er h h
a s t a lks f ro m so me
”
rac t ic a l t eac h er t
p .

A PRAC TI CAL COURSE TO U C H PEW RITI N G INSeven t TY . h

ed it ion rev ise d a n d e n la rg e d 50c , c l o t h 7 50 T h e desig n o f
h h h
.
, , , .

t is w o rk is t o t eac h t ou c t ype writ in g in s u c h a wa y t a t t h e

s t u d e n t w ill h a v e a n a b solu t e c omm a n d o f e v ery key o n t h e
k e y bo a rd a nd be a ble t o st rike a n y key m o re rea dil wit h ou t y
,

lookin g t h a n wou ld be t h e c a se wit t h e a id o f s ig h t A c a rt h . h

c o nt a in in g K eyb oa rd a n d Dia g ra ms in fi ve c olors a cc o mpa n ies
h
. .

C o n t a in s s pe c ime n s O f ac t u a l B usin ess Let te rs,

h
ea c 00 y .

Lega l orm s , S p ec ifi c a t ion s, e tc Pu blis ed f or sin gle o r

h
.

d ou ble K eyboa rd m a c in es .

SHO RTHAN D N O T E B O O K S It is e sse n tia l w et er writ ing

-
.
,
h h
for p rac t ic e or in a c t u a l wo rk , t h a t n ot e bo oks c o n t a in in g
q F
-

“ ”
pa per O f a su pe rior u a lit y b e u se d Th e on o serie s o f .

n ot e book s, ra n g in g in p ric e f ro m 5 0 u p wa rd s a n d in size f ro m

y q
-
.
,

a pa ge 4 in x 65 in t o 5 t in
. x 8 } l n , c o n t a in o n l be st
. u a lit y
. .

0 f pa pe r a n d wil l b e f o u n d t h e m ost su it a ble f or a ll kin ds

,

O f s h o rt h a n d work ; f or com p le t e l ist, se e c a ta log u e . .

266 In mo st o ffi c es w h ere the S h o rt h and w rit er is en

y
.

g ag ed , h e w ill p ro b ab l fi n d s o me re fe ren c e b o o k s B ut h e
h
.

w ill s o on d isc o v er t h a t it is n eed fu l t o a v e o n h is o w n

bo o k sh elf , or in h is d esk , c ert a in b o ok s O f re feren c e f or h is
in div id u a l u se Th e mo st in d ispen sab le w ork is un

y y
.

d o u bt ed l a g o o d En glish Dic t io n a r , a n d t h e ST AN D AR D
DI C TI O N AR Y c an b e h h
ig ly rec o m me n d e d N ex t in im
y h
.

p ort a n c e , if h is w o rk is o f a l it era r c a ra c t e r, w ill b e a

g u id e t o a ll
p rop er n am e s in bi o ra
g p ,
eo ra
g g p hy hy ,

m yh
t olo
gy etc an d
T h e C en t u r C yc l o
p e d ia o f N a me s " y
h
.
, ,

w ill pro v e mo st se rv ic e ab le I n pla c e O f t h is c o m pre en siv e

h y
.

w ork , a g o o d b io g ra p ic al d ic t io n a r and a g aze t t eer a re

n ec e s sa ry S h ld ou an enc y c lo p a
e d ia be p re ferre d , t h e
ylp
,

Perpe t ua l Loose Lea f Enc

’
la test edition o f N l e son s -
c o te dia

will c ov er a ll re qi m u re en ts .
S PEEC H O F PA TRI C K H EN R Y .

fl a t /
"
l fi x 1
+
244 S P EEC H O F P ATR I C K H EN R Y .

A ? l l V Yk
'

L W GD A
J
Y
A

“
\f l» L 7 1

W e st :
 Speech f
o Pa trick H en ry . 245

t h ere h as b ee n in t h e c on d u c t O f th e h
B rit is min istr fer t h e y
l as t t en y ears, to j u st if y th o se h O pes w it h w ic h hg en t le men
h ave b een ple ase d t o hm
s o la c e t e sel v es a n d t h e H ouse Is it
th at in sidio u s smile wi h w h i h
t c ou r pet ition h as be en l at el y
rec ei e d v t rust it n o t, Sir, it w il l p ro ve a s n a re to y our f eet .

Bufi er not y o u rsel v e s t o b e b e t ra ed wit y h a kiss . As k y our

selv es h
h o w t is grac iou s rec ep t io n o f o u r p et ition c o m po rt s

wit h h t o se w arlik e p repa ra t io n s w ic h h c o v er o u r wa t ers a nd

d a rk e n our la n d . Arefi eet s a n d armies n ec essa r y to a w ork

Of l o ve a n d rec o n c ilia t ion h a v e we s h o w n o u rselv es so u n

w illin g t o b e re c on c iled , t h at fo rc e m ust be c alled in t o w in

b ac k o u r lo ve Le t u s n ot d ec e ive o urs el ves, Sir ; t h es e a re th e

imple m e n t s of w ar an d j
su b u g a t io n —t h e l as t ar u
g men t s t o
w h ic h ki n g s re so rt . T h yt
e el l us , S ir, t h at we are

w e a k — u n ab l e t o c o pe w it h SO f ormid a b l e an ad v ersa ry .

B u t w h en s h a ll we be s t ro n
g er ? w il l it b e t h e n ex t w ee k
or the n ex t ye a r ? w ill it b e w h en we a re t o t a ll y di sa r med ,
an d w h en a B rit is h
g ua rd sh a ll b e st a t ion e d in e v e r yh o u se

s h a ll w e gat h e r s tren g t h
b y irreso l u t io n a n d in a c t ion Sh a ll
we ac qi u re th e mea n s of eff ec t u al re sis t a n c e b y l in g y
su p in e ly o n ou r ba c k s, an d h u gg in g t h e d el usi v e p h a n t om o f
h o
pe ,
u n t il o u r e n em ie s h a ve b ou n d us h an d an d fo o t

S ir, w e a re n o t w e a k , if w e ma k e a
p ro p er u se
'

of t h ose

me a n s w h ic h th e G o d O f n a t u re h at h pla c ed in
-
ou r p o w er .

Th rc e millio n s of
p eo p l e a rm e d in t h e h ly o c a u se o f lib ert , y
an d in su c h a Co u n t r y as h
t h a t w ic h w e p o ssess, a re in vin
c ible by an y f orc e wh i h c a n y en e m y c an s en d a
g a in st us .

B esid es, Sir, w e sh a ll n ot figh t o ur b a t t l es al one . T h ere is a

j u st G o d w h o p resid es ov er t h e d e st in ies O f n at ion s a n d wh o ,

will raise u p f rien d s t o fi g t ou r b at t les for u s h

Th e b a t t le, .
 I ND U STR Y A N D HA P P I N ES S .

w e > L< C ; L , . \ x

1M
b f “ ! V3
,
0 !
‘ v
r l

I N DU STRY AN D HAP PIN ESS .

x
\ 4

f a
1
—
F fg
x m o
s / C i /
“ V
1
2 48 I N D US T RY A N D H A P PI N ESS .

r
x
w e “

h .
I
\K
L / w—A . D4 “)
 [ fia zestry H appiness 249
'
a nd .

of in d ep e n den c e , a y
ma n l joy o f u se ful n e ss, t h e c on sen t of
ev er y fac u l t y ’
o f t h e min d t o on e s o c cu p at ion , a n d t eir h
g ra t i c a t ion
fi in it—t h ese c o ns t it u t e a h a
p pin ess su p erio r to

t h e fe ver fla sh e s -
of v ic e i n h
its b rig t es t m o men t s . Aft e r an

ex pe rie n c e of ages , w ic h h h a s t aug t h n ot h ing f ro m h

t is ,

men sh ou l d h av e l e a rn e d th a t s a t is fa c t io n is n ot t h e pro d u c t
o f ex c e s s, o r o f i n d o l en c e , or o f ric h es bu t of in d u st r y ,

t e m p e ra nc e, a nd u s e fu ln ess . Every v il l a
ge h a s ins t an c e s
w ich h ou
gh t t o t ea c hy o un
g me n h
t a t h e w h o g oes a sid e

fro m t h e si mpl ic it y of N a t u re, an d th e p u rit y o f v rt ue, i to

w allo w in e x c es se s , c a ro u sa ls , a n d s u rf e it s, a t len g t h mi sses

th e erra n d of .
h is l ife an d , sin k in g w it h h s a t t e re d b od y
p re m a t u rel yt o a d is h on o re d g ra v e , mo u rn s a th t h e mis t o o k
ex h il i a ra t o n f o r sa t isfac t ion , a n d a ba n d o n ed t h e v er yh o me
o f h ppi a n e ss w h en h e f orsoo k t h e l ab o rs o f u se f u l In d u st r y .

h
Th e p oor man w it I n d ust r is h a p pier t h a n t h e ric m a n y h
in Id le n e ss ; f o r l ab o r m ak es t h e on e mo re man l , a n d y ~

ric h es un ma ns t h e ot h er. Th e s la ve is o ft e n h
pp ier t a n
a h
t h e mast er, w h o is n ea re r u n d o n e b y lic en se h
t an h is v a ssal

b y t oil . Lu x u rio u s c o uc h
—plushy c a rpets fro m O rien t al
es

l o o ms —pillo ws of eid er d o wn —c a rria g e s c on t riv ed

-
w it h
c us hi on s a n d sp rin g s to m ak e mo tio n imp erc ept ible— is t h e
in d o le n t ma st er of t h ese a s h a
pp y as the sl a v e t h at w ov e t h e
c a rp et , t h e I n d ia n w h o h u n t ed th e n o rt h e rn flock, or th e
serv a n t w h o d riv es t h e p a mp ere d st eed s ? Let t h o se wh o
en v y t h e g ay rev el s o f c it id lers, y a nd
pin e for eir m as th
q ue ra d es, t h e ir ro u t s, an d th e ir o eras , ex e rien c e fo r a w ee k
p p
t h e l as sit u d e of t h eir s a t ie t y ,
th e u n aro us a ble t o rp or of

t h eir l ife w h en n ot u n d er a fi er y st i m u lu s , t h eir d esp era t e

en nu i a n d restl ess so m nol en c ; t h e w o u ld glad l fle e from y y y
t hi he r a u n t s a s f ro m a l a n d o f c u rse d en c a n t men t h .
 I ndu stry a nd H app in ess .
253

lost h is lu c k b y a ma zing d ilig en c e a t e v er t in g b u t h is yh

b u sin e ss An o t h er, w h o st ea d il f ollo we d h is t ra d e, as
. y
s t e a dil yf o l lo w e d h is b o t t le . An ot h er, w h o w as h on es t an d

c o n st a n t t o h is w o rk , b y p erp et ual m isj u d g m en t s—h e

e rre d

la c k e d d isc re t io n . h
Hu n d red s lo se t e ir l u c k by in d orsing ,
by s a n g u in e s
pe c ula t ion s ,
b y t ru st in g f rau d u l ent m e n, an d

by d is h o n e st g a in s A ma n n e v er h as g oo d lu c k w h o h as a
.

b a d wif e I n e v er k ne w a n ea rl ris in g , ard w o rk ing , p ru

. y -
h -

d en t m a n , c a re f u l o f h is e arn in g s , a n d s t ric t l yh o n es t , who

c o m p la in e d o f ba d lu c k . A g oo d c h ara c t er ,g o o d h a bit s,

a nd iron i n d ust r y a re imp reg n ab l e t o t h e assa u l t s of a ll

t h e ill l u c k t h at f o o ls e v er d rea me d of . But w h en I se e a

t a tt e rd emal ion c re e p in g o u t o f a y
g rogg er l a t e in t h e f o re
n oo n wit h hi h s a n d s st u c k in t o h is p o c k e t s, t h e rim o f h is
h a t t u rn e d up, an d th e c ro w n k n o c k ed in , I k now h e h as
h a d b a d l u c k — f o r t h e w orst of a ll lu c k is t o be a s lu
gg ard,
a k n a ve ,
or a t ippl er .

In d u str yi s a sub st it u t e for G enius . W h ere o ne or more

fa c u lt ies e x ist in t h e h igh es t s t at e o f d evel o p men t an d ac

t ivi ty— a s t h e fa c u l t y of mu sic in M o zart —in ven t ion in F ul

t o n — id ea l it y in M ilt on —w e c a ll t h eir p osses so r a
g en iu s .

But a
g e n iu s is usua lly u n d erst o o d t o b e a c rea t u re o f suc h
ra re f a c u l t y o f min d t a t h e c a n d o a n t in h g w it o u t lab o r yh h .

Ac c ord in g t o t h e p o pu l a r n o t io n , h e l ea rn s w it o u t s t u d , h y
an d k n o ws w it h ou t l e a rn in g . H e is elo q t wi h
u en t ou t p rep
a ra t io n , ex ac t w it h o ut c a lc u la t io n , an d p ro fou n d w it h ou t

re fl e c tion . W h il e o rd in a r ym en t o il f o r k n o w l e d g e b y re a d
in g, b y c o m p ariso n , an d b y min u t e re s ea rc , a g en ius is h
su pp o sed t o rec eiv e it a s t h e m in d rec eiv es d rea m s His .

min d is lik e a v ast c at h e d ral , t h ro u

g h wh ose c o l o re d w in
d o ws t h e s u n li
g h t st re a m s , p ain t in g t h e a isl es w it th e h
v arie d c o lors o f b rillia n t pic t u res Hen ry Wa rd Beec her — .
 Pap er M oney .
25 7

in it self , n or is t h e re a n y p ro vis io n w h a tev er ma d e for it s te

d em pt ion in c o in h
yet , suc is t h e c on fi d en c e in t h e g overn
m ’
en t s
pro mise t o h
re d e e m t em, a t some t ime a n d in so me

m a n n e r, n o t sp ec ifi ed , t ht hy a t e a re e x c h an
g ed at
p ar w it h
the ot h er k in d s of p p m
a y I
er one . n d e ed , fid en c e is an
c on

e le men t t h a t en t e rs l g ly i
ar h e nt o t e v a lu e o f a ll m on e We y .

do no t kno w t h
g o ld c o in c on t ain s a ll t a t is c la ime d f or
at a h
y
it in t h e w ay o f pu rit o r w e ig t , b u t w e a v e c o n fi d en c e in h h
t h e g o v e rn m en t s st a m p u p o n it , a n d w e re c eiv e it w it ou t
’
h
q u est io n ; n or do w e k no w fo r a c e rt a in t y h t at t h e re a re

su f fi c ient silv er c o ins in t h e g o v ern me n t t rea su r t o m ak e y

g o o d a ll sil v e r c e rt ifi c a t e s ,
h
b u t su c is our c on fi d e n c e in
t h e s t a t e me n t s and pro mis es o f t h e g o v ern me n t t a t w e h
f ree l y re c e i e v suc h c ert ifi c a tes in ret u rn f o r ou r g o o d s or

our la b o r . T h us, we see h ow se v e ra l k in d s of m on e y w it h

un e q u a l v al u es c a n b e m a d e t o c irc u la t e wit h e q ual
pu rc h as

ing p o w e r ; ye t t h is e q u a lit y h
in pu rc asin g p o w er m ay b e
d e st ro edy A n o t a bl e
. e x a m le o f d e rec ia t io n o f
p p p a per
m o ne yh pp en e d d urin g t h e c iv il w a r
a At t h e b egi n n in g .

of th e w a r t h e g o v e rn me n t b o rro we d la rg e s um s o f mo n e y
by t h e issu e of bo n d s ; t h e w a r c o n t in u e d and t he mo n e y
w as s o o n ex h a u st e d . U n able t o p ro c u re an y m o re fu n d s in
t h is w a y, C o n gress v o t e d t o is sue in c o n v e rt ib le n o t es . T h ese

n o t es w ere c a ll ed G reen b a c k s and w ere simp l yp ro mises

t o pay a t so m t im
e e o r ot h er n obod y k w wh ne en n o r how .

h yw yb d y w
,

T e ere m a d e l eg a l t e n d er a n d e v e r o a s o b l i ed t o
g
acce
pt t h y
e m in p a m e n t o f d e b t s As c on fi d e n c e in t h e.

g o v ern men t san k , t h e p u rc h a sin g p o wer o f t h e

“
G reen
ba c k s b e c a m e le ss A t o n e t im e , t h e p ric e o f g old w en t
.

t o 2 8 0 ; t h a t is , it t o o k t w o d o ll a rs a n d e ig h t c en t s in y
G reenb ac k ”
mo n e y to eq u a l , in pu rc h a sing po wer, o n e

d ol la r in g o ld .

17
 H ow a nd Wh en to Rea d .
261

for h i m ; yet b e ac c om plis e

d resu l t s in t h e w o rld h o f sc ien c e

h h
w ic ren d e r h is n a me immo r ta l .

Be n ot p a rt ic u la r a s to h ou rs, o r t h e t im e of d ay,a n d you

will so o n fi nd t h a t a ll h ours are g o o d fo r t h e mu se Hav e .

a u
p pr o se , a n d a d h ere to it w it h g oo d u m o re d p e rt in ac it
-
h y .

h
’

B e in d e pe n d e n t of th e a d v ic e and O p in io ns o f o t ers ; th e
wo rld of b o o k s, l ik e t h e w o rld o f n a t u re , w a s m a d e fo r you ;

po ssess it in ou r o w n w ay y
If yo u fi n d n o g o o d in a n c ien t .

h y
ist or o r in m e t ap hy
sic s, l et t e m a l o n e a n d re a d b o o k s o f h ,

a rt , or p oe t r y ,
or bio g ra ph y ,
or vo y a
ges an d t ra v el s . Th e
wid e d o m ain of k n o wle d g e a nd t h e w o rld of b o ok s a re s o

rel a t ed t h a t all roa d s c ros s an d c o n v e rg e , lik e t h e pa t h s

t h at c a rr y us o v er the surf a c e of t h e g lo b e on w ic h hw e

liv e . M y an a re a d e r h a s l ea rn e d m o re of p as t t imes f ro m

g o o d b io g ra ph ie s t h an f ro m a ny f orm al hist o r y; an d it is a

f ac t t h at man y o we t o t h e pla y s of Sh akesp eai e '

an d th e

n o v el s o f W a l t er Sc o t t n ea rly a ll t h e k n o wl ed g e t h yp e osse ss

of the hi t s or
yo f E n
g l an d an d S c o t la n d . M o st w rit e rs eu

v el o p th e t h gh t th f t i
ou or e ac n so mu c h ve rb ia e, c o
g m
'

plic a t e it wi h m y pi d
t b
so an e so es
,
e at it ou t t hi n by so mu c h
it era t ion d
an i i h t th
re t era t on , t a e st ud e nt m u st n ee d s l ea rn
th e a rt o f s k ippin g in self - d e f en se . To one in ze a lo u s p ur
s uit o f k n o w l ed g e ,
to rea d mo s t b o ok s t h ro u
g h is p aying
t h em t oo
‘

e x t ra v a g e n t a c o mplime n t . H e h as t o rea d be
t ween t h e lin e s, a s it w ere , t o n o te d o wn a f ac t h ere o r a

t h ou g ht t h ere , o r a n ill u st ra t io n e l se w h e re , a n d l ea v es a lon e

al l t h a t c on t rib u t es n ot hi n
g t o h is s p e c ia l p urpose . As t h e
q i k p ti d y
u c ,
ra c se e e g la n c es o v er th e v isible sig n s of

th gh t p g
ou ft , a e a er p ag e is ra
pid l y a b s o rb e d , an d a

b k whi h w ld
oo c ou o c c up y an o rd in a l}7 re a d er ma n ydy a s

in rea din g is maste re d in a few h ou rs . Th e h ab it of

2 62 D EM A N D F O R S TE N OG R A P H ER S
. .

R i v .

"
Er r . A
?
M
DE AN D FO R STEN O G RAPH ERS .
 D ema nd f or S ten og rap h ers .
265

lik e t h e y ou n
g ma n in b usin e ss, s h o u ld k ee p h is e y es an d

e ars o pe n ,
n o t ic e t h e d rift o f c u rren t e v e n t s, re a d t h e n ew s

p a p ers , rea d g ood b oo k s , a n d ex t e n d h is v o c a bu lary as muc h

as p os sible . No on e , n o m a tt er w h at p o sit io n in life , c an

ma k e a
p ro n o u n c e d s u c c e ss wh o ne v er l ea rn s an y hi
t ng

e x c ep t w h en t ol d of it . Rea din g ,
stu d y ,
a n d o b se rv a t io n w ill

d o mo re t h an t eac h ers an d sc h o ols . Ex p e rien c e a lon e w ill

oft en t imes sen d so me pe o p l e b a c k w a rd s, b ec a u se b y e x p eri

en c e t h yf q
e re u en t l yl ea rn m an y t h in g s t h a t a re n o t so . .

Th e a v e ra g e b u sin e ss ma n is im p ro v in g in h is b usin e ss

meth o d s, h is d ic t a t io n , an d h is En g l ish (a n d f o r t is t h h an ks
a re d u e, w e t in k , l a rg elh y t o t h e b u sin ess sc h o o ls a n d c o m
merc ial d e pa rt m en t s) , an d h e d o es n ot c are p a rt ic u larl y to

h a ve h is d ic t a t e d c op y e d it e d by th e s t en o
g ra
p h er . H e is
s a t is fi ed if t h e s t en o grap h er is a ble t o t ra n sla t e t h e h ie ro g ly

p h ic s an d g et th e c op y as h e d ic t a t ed it . Th e a v e ra
ge
b u sin ess ma n h a s a v oc ab ul ary su ffi c ien tly e x ten siv e ,
an d

o ne t h a t w ill c au s e t h e a v era g e y ou n g st e n og ra p h er t o c on

su l t t h e d ic t ion a r yq u it e fre q u en tl y . An d , by t h e w a y, t h e
d ic t io n a r yh ab it is a g ood o ne . Th e t rou ble w it h man y
p e o pl e is t h at t hy e do n ot c o n su l t t h e d ic t io n a r y e n ou
gh ,

an d w h en th e y do,
‘

if t h e y d isc o v e r it d oes n o t s pe l l th e

w o rd s as t hy e are a c c u s o t med to sp ell t h e m, t h y giv

e e up in

d esp a ir .

As a su mma r y ,
w e w ou ld sa y, re a d , st u d y ,
o b serve, a nd

c on su lt t h e d ic t ion a r y ,
b ec o me a n ex p e rt in b u sin e ss p ilol h
o gy, an d y o ur s h ho rt an d a n d y
t p e w rit ing ma y t a k e c a re o f

—
itself Penma n s Art Journa l
.
’
.
 Secon d I n a ugu ra l A ddress ”
’
A bra h a m L in coln s 269

en la rg e men t o f it . N eit h er p art y e x pe c t e d f o r t h e w ar

the m agn it u d e or t h e d ura t ion w h ic h it h as
'

a lre a d y at

ta in e d . N eit h e r a n t ic ipa t e d t h at th e ca u se of the c on

h
flic t mig t c ea se w it , o r e v en b e fo re, t h e c o n fl ic t it self h
h
s o u ld c ea s e Ea c loo k ed for a n e as ier t riu mp , a n d a re
. h h
s u lt le ss f u n d a men t a l a n d a st o u n din g . B o th re a d t he sa me

B ible ,
an d p ra yt o th e sa me G o d , a n d ea c hi n vo k es His aid
a ga in st the ot her . I t ma y see m st ran ge t h at a n y m en s h o u ld

d a re t o as k a j u st God
’
s a ss ist a n c e in w rin gi n g t hi b e r rea d

f ro m t h e h ’
sw ea t o f o t er men s f a c es : bu t l et us j dgu e n ot ,

t h at w e be n ot j u d ge d . T h e p ra y e rs o f bot h c o u ld n o t be
a n s w ere d ; t h at of n e it h er h as b een a n sw ered f u ll y . Th e
Al mig t hyh as H is own
p u rpo ses W oe u nto t h e w o rld

!
.

bec au se o f o ff e n ses f o r it m u s t n eed s be t h a t o ff e nses c o me ;

bu t w o e t o t h atm an b y w o m t h e o ff en se c o met h h . I f we
sh ll ppa su o se Ame ric a n S lav e r is o n e o f t o se y h o ff en se s

wh i h i h c
p ,
n t e ro vid en c e of G od , m ust n ee d s c o m e, but
whi h h i g c ,
av n c o n t in u e d t h rou
g h H is a
pp o in t e d t ime , He
now w ill s t o re m o v e , an d th at h e g iv es t o b o t h N th or an d

So u t h t h is t e rrible w ar, as t h e wo e d u e t o t h ose by w h o m

th e o ff e n se c a me , s h a ll w e d isc ern t h e re in an y d e pa rt u re
f ro m t h ose d iv in e a tt rib u t e s w ich h h b li v t e e e e rs in a liv in g
Go d y ib
al w a h im s a sc r
p f lye to F dly d w h
on o e o e, e rven t

d w p y
o h h i migh t y
e ra
g ,f w t m y p d ily
at t s sc o u r e o ar a s ee

p w y
ass a Y if G d w ill
a h .it i il ll t h
et, o s t at c o n t n ue u n t a e

w l h p il d b y t h b d m
ea t w h
e d d d fif y y e on an s
’
t o un re an t e ars

of q i d il h ll b
u n re uk d te il v y d p f
to s a e su n ,
an u nt e er ro
’

bl d d w w i h h l h h ll b p id b y
oo ra n h d wt t e as s a e a a not er ra n

wi h h t w d t w id h
e s h d y
or , g as as sa t re e t o u sa n ears a o , so

it m u st b e “
st ill sa id , Th e j ud gme n ts of t h e Lo rd a re t ru e
an d rig h t eo u s a l t og e t h er .
 TH E UN I O N .

w 1 \_p ’

x—K A

TH E U N IO N .
2 72 TH E UNION .
 Th e Ui n on . 2 73

my s h o rt s ig ht , I c an fat h o m t h e d ept h of th e y
a b ss c e l ow ;
n o r c ou ld I re g a rd h im a s a s a f e c o u n sel or in t h e a ff a irs of

h
t is g o v ern men t ,
w h o se t h ou h h
g ts s o u ld b e m a in l yb en t on
c o n sid e rin g, n o t h ow th e Un i h
on s o u ld b e b est p rese rv ed ,
bu t h o w t o l erable m ig h t b e t h e c o n d it io n o f t h e
p e o p le
w h en it S h a ll b e b ro k en u
p and d es t ro y ed . W h il e th e

U nion l a st s w e h a ve h ig h ,
e x c it in g , y
g ra t if in g p ro spec t s
s pre a d o u t b e fore i
t s, fo r u s an d ou r c h ild re n . Be y on d t h at

I s ee k n ot t o p en e t ra t e t h e v eil . G o d g ra n t t hat, in m y

d ay at lea st , t h at c u rt a in ma y n o t rise . G o d g ra n t t h a t on

my v isio n n ever m ay be o
p e n ed w h a t l ies b e h in d . W h en
my e y es s h a ll b e t urn e d t o b e h o ld , f o r t h e l as t t ime , t h e
Sun in h ea v e n , m ay I n ot see h im sh in in
g on t h e b ro k en

a nd di h s o n o re d f ra gm en t s of a on c e g lo rio u s Un io n ; on

St a t e s d isse v ere d , disc o rd an t , b el lig ere n t ; on a la n d re n t

w it h c iv il f eu d s, d ren c h ed , i t m a y b e , in f ra t ern al
! h
or

b lo o d Le t t e ir l a st f e eble a nd l in g e rin g g lan c e ra t h er

be h o ld t h e g o rg eo u s e n s ig n of the re
pu b l ic , n o w k n o w n
a nd h on o re d t h ro ug h out the e a rt h ,
s t ill f u l l h ig h
a d va n c ed,

it s a rms a n d tr
o
p ie s h s t re a m in g in t h eir o ri
g in a l l u s t re , not

s ripe e ra s ed p ol lu t e d , s in
g le s t a r o b sc u re d
‘

a t or not a ;
be arin g f o r it s m o tt o no suc h misera ble in t e rro g a t o r y as

“
Wh a t is a ll t h is w ort h ? ”
n or t h o se o t h er w ord s of

d el usio n and f o ll y ,
“
Libert yfi rs t , a n d Un io n a f t erw a rd s

bu t ev e r y wh
d a ll o v e r in c h a ra c t ers o f liv in g lig h t
ere , s prea ,

blazing o n al l it s a mpl e f old s a s t h ey fl o a t o v er t h e s e a an d

o ve r th e la n d a n d in e v ery w in d u n d e r t h e w h o le h e a v en s
, ,

t h at o t h e r s en t i me n t d ea r t o e v er yt ru e Am eric a n h e a rt

Liberty a nd Ui n on , n ow a nd f orever, o ne a nd insep a ra ble .

Da niel Webster .
 i N D EX .

The fi gures refer to th e Pa rag rap h s , ex cep t wh ere th e p a g e is mentioned .

A h yp h en a fter th e fi g ure shows th a t th e su bjec t is cont in ued i n the f ol

lowing p a ra grap hs .

Acc e n t , h o w writte n , 207 C ou rt reportin g, p ages 209- 224

A n a logy o f so u n d s a n d s igns , 9, 20 Demand f or ste n o gra p h e rs , pa g e 262
A p p la us e, d isse n t , e tc , s ign s f or, 240
. Dic keu s C , a sh o rth an d w ri ter, p a ge
.

Asp ira te th e, 12 ; re p rese n ta tio n o f , 1zz

1 17 do w ns troke h , 1 18 ; u p stro ke Dic ta tio n ma tte r, 2 13
h , 1 19 ; t ic k h , 1 2 1 ; d o t h 1 2 2 ; h f o l Dic t io nary , p h o n og ra ph ic , u se o f , 214
v
.

lo wing a no t h er c o n s o nan t , 1 20
A w a n d lo ogram f or a ll o in ed in i
5
j
Dip h th o n gs, 49

j
in , 49 p lac e o f, 5 1
c o mpo n en t

fi j
o wels
o in ed in it ial,
v
B t ia lly , 1 6
rig h t T , au th or o f
. fi
rst sh o rth an d
53 o in ed n a l , 55 and
c o n tras t b et wee n , 5 6 ; an d
o w els ,
o we ls v
work p u b lish ed in England , p a ge be t wee n c o n so n an ts , 5 7 : m o no syl

B 1gs
us in ess le tters , p ag e 137
C ap ital le tte rs , h o w to mark, 209
la bic ( w a n d y s eries ) , 1 68
la bic , 1 69
Direc tio n s t o th e stu d ent, 1
disyl

Oh a n d m y 1 7 , 37
C li
z
sig
v
ter a n d erse, h o w to in dica te, fi
Dis lla blc d ip h t h o n gs 1 69 sca le o f ,
.

1 9 ; p laces a nd sign i c a tion o f , 17 0;

wh en n o t used , 1 7 1
Gi les I , re po rt o f S peec h b y, p a ge Do u b le len t h p rinc ip le, 149 addin g
gg g
-

v
.

tr, d r, t r t o c u r ed c o nso na nts ,

C h arle s repo rte d by S . Pep ys , 149; repre se n ta tion of d r, 150 ; ad d
pa e 127
a n d loo p s ad d e d t o fi n al h ooks ,
in g tr, d r to st raigh t c o n so nan ts ,
1 5 1 ; mp a n d n d o u bled , 152 ; mp r,
v
C ities, fifty p ninc ip a l, o u tl ines f or,
n g kr, e tc , u se . f o r e rbs , 153 ; J u n
e x p ress ed b y d o u bl in , 154 ; d o u b ‘e
l e n t h a nd h a lf len gt p rin c ip le fo r g
p a e 136
vg v g
-

C i i S er ice , sh o rth an d in , p ag e 128 ver 9 , 155 ; n o t u sed w h en o w el v

C las h in g, h o w t o a o id , 226 v e nd s wo rd 156 : po sition o f d ou b le
.

C o a les c en ts , 12 len h st ro ke s, 225

C o mmerc ial n o te ta king, p ag e 128
-
Emp as is, 208
C o n so n an ts . ta b le o f , p ag e 4 ; arra n Errors , 240
m en t an d re pre se n ta tion o f Eve rc irc u la t ors , p a ge 1%
j
ire o f , 1 3 ; S ize of , 14 ; o in ed, 29 ;
*

Exp lod e n ts , 1 0
c a b le, 73 treble , 86 ad d it io n al F igu res , 210, 241
d ou ble, 112 v
oca l izat io n o f dit to , F in al 1, 125
1 13 l r a n d rr, 1 15 , 1 25 , 180 ; d o u ble F in a l r, 128 9 -

c o n so n a n ts wh ic h ca nn ot b e h a l ed , v Fo rei co n so n a n ts and o wels, 212 v

139 ; single a n d d ou bl e, ta ble o f, F ou n aln pe n s , 23 7

ge 67 ; h alf lengt h , 13 1 ; d ou ble

- v
F r, e tc alterna t i e f orms f or, wh en
e n gt h , 149 u sed , 8 4
C on te n ts , p a g e x iii G ra mma lo gu es, 40 , 189 C o rrespo nd .

C on tin u an ts 1 1 . in g S t le , irre g u lar, 195 ; d it to , ph o

C o n trac t io n s, 1 96 C orrespo n din g n et ica ly a rra ng ed , p a g e 92 d i tt o ,
S le, list o f , a rran ged a lp h a be ti a lp h a be tica l ly arra n ged , p e 94

y, e 104 Repo rt ln 24 9 Rep ort ing S tyle 247 d itto , rre gu

,
.

c omp lete ist o f , arran ged a lp abe t t lar, 247 a ge 159 ; d itto , re p resen ta
p
.

ca lly , e 177 t ion o f t e pa s t t en se, 248 ; d itt o, ar

C orres po n in g S tyle , boo ks and peri ran ged p h o n e t ic a ll , age 160 ; d i t to,
odica ls, p rin te d in , 2 14 arranged a l ph a be t c n jy , p age 1 62 p
2 76 fizzle .

notation s,
h oo k to c urves,
240 W , 186 ; -s h ip , 187 ; fld ness 1$
; ,
J es sness 188
Ref ere n ce boo ks , 266 ; marks, Sw , la rg e in it ial circle, sign f or 67
Repo rtin g Ex erc i se s , e 242 Ta ble of c o nson an ts , p a g e 4 ; sin lo
Rep ortin g E i yle, s a n d periodi a n d d ou ble c o n so n an ts , p a e
t
'

g
ca ls p l l l] t‘a l in , 265 r a m m a l o g u e s ( C o rresp on d in
‘

Repo rt in g S ty le, f eat ures o f , g

ty le) , a g e 94 co ntra c t io n s ( C or
g
" p
v

Roma n n o t es , p a ge 122 res po n ( in g S t 104

v
S a n d t, owels an d , 70 lognes (Re po rt n g S le) ,
S and 2 , sma ll c ircle si f or 58 ; h o w 0 n trac tion s ( Repo ng S
initial an d $
fi
written an d rea d ,
na l, 59 betwee n two stra igh t
j v
67 A

Th e, t ic k, 197
v
lin es , 60 o w ed to c u r es , 6]
a d d ed to st o r air 66 : a d d ed t o
h oo ks, 98 : med iai, 99 ° a f ter 71 , 100
na l fi °
Tion h oo k, 103

o p p os ite to last
f o llowin g a c u r e,
104 ; a fter a s traigh t co nso n an t, 105 ;
owel 1 05 von 0 p
v
.

a n d h e l in p rinc ip le, 148 and pos its s id e to h oo k, c irc le, i0 0 p , o r

d ouble len -
p rin c ip le, 156 v
c ur e , 1 06 ; a f ter t , d , o rj , 107 ; u sed
S or z stroke c o n so n a n t , use o f , 7 1 med ia lly , 108 fo llo wi n g c irc le 4; or
S ecre t of ra p id writ in 229 s 109 h alf len gt h st f ollowin g,
p4i
-

S ermo n repo rt ing , ea r y, p a ge 124 ; in

d ica tio n o f tex t, 244 Tra n s c rip t ion , 289
S es , st, an d str a n d n . 102 T rip h t h o ngjwi, 50
S M, sh n, direc tion f or writing , 97 T wen t ie t h C en tu ry Ed itio n , p a ge vii
v v
.

S h ort h and , ad a n ta ges o f, p a ge iii T writer an d s h orth a n d, p a ge 128,

essay o n t h e h ist ory a n d use o f , fi
ea rl ie st u se o f t h e a rt in U
S C o mmis sion er o f Edu cation , on
. .

p a ge 124 ; in p rac tice , s s te ms , viii

U
V
n f orm ity in s h o rt h an d , Plea f or, v
U
-

v
S h o rt o wels, 42 (see a lso owels)
ign ifi c a nt m arks, 240
S imila r wo rd s, l ist o f , d istinguish ed
V
n io n , T h e , p a g e 27 0
o we ls, 1 9 l o n g , 19 l in g ual and
la b ia l, 20 ; sc al e o f , 21 ; po s it io n s of ,
‘

by out l in e, p a ge 228 22 27 ; b etwee n t wo co nso n a nts, 39 ;

v
.
,

ize o f c h a rac t ers , 14 232 sh o rt , 42 ; p os itio n s o f , 43 ; al ue o f ,

v
,

S p ee d o f p ublic speakers, a erage rate 44 ; bet w ee n t w o c o n sona n ts 46 ,

o f , 235 c o n tras ted wit h d ip h t ho n s , 57 ; be

S peed p rac tice , t ween sh a nd n , 1 1 1 ; t wo n su cces g
pe ll in by sou nd , illu stration s of , s io n , 17 2 ; in d ica ted b y po s ition o f
g
p ag e x , 1 o u tline, in serted f or d is tin ction
8 8 or 8 2: l arge c ircle, 68 ; oc al iza tion v
in Repo rt in S ty le, 226
o f , 68 ; e x c ep t io n to u se o f 69 W an d y d ip th ongs, 163 ; scale of,
Sta tes and Territo ries, o u t lin e s f or, 1 63 -4 ; mn emo n ic , 165
Wa rd , c on tra c t io n f or, 135
1 85
fi
-

loo p in it ial , 63 ; med ia] , 64 Wa w, wd, e tc , p re x 166 .

W itnesse s , ex mnina tion o f, 240

,

S ir loo p , 65
S uffix es , 180 ; in g d rags 180-1 : al i :
-
. ,W rit in g m aterials 8 236
-
, .

il i ty, a nity , e tc , 18 2 : men t, 1

o .
- Ya rd
~
, c o n t rac t io n f o r, 135

m ental , m en tality, 184 ; -l y, 185 ; Z stroke conson an t use of, 71 .

Previous L ists C a nc ell ed .
Card K ey
S h orth a n d K
to Exercises .

t o al l t h e
250 . . In th e Repo rting S t yle
Ex erc ises in Th e Ins tru c tor, fro m
. B" eing a

U
ey

1 32 t o 238 in cl usi e For th e v o f Tea c h ers in Sh orth an d

p
a ges . se
lasses O n 27 sep a ra t e c ards
. .

Sh orthand Writing E keromes and

fi
’
m
Pit an s Examination Tests
v
.

Clo t h t , 240 pp , Me Th is work co n t a in s ex h a u s ti e cl ass i ed

v v v
. .

lists 0 wo rds illus tra t i e o f e ery rule in th e sys t em , an d o er o n e

h un dred gra d u a ted sen t en c e e xerc ises in ordin ary p rin t for writin g
or dic t a ti o n p ra c t ice N o word is in t rod u c ed before th e rul e
v
.

o ern in g it h a s bee n m as t ered b y t h e le arn er B rief guid a nc e

g
v
.

i s g i en a t t h e h e a d o f sec t io n s, a n d t h ere a re e x erc ises o n u p ward

an d d o wn ward s h a lso spec ia l ex erc ises o n t h e Co n trac t io n s .

K ey to Sh orth and Writing Exercises . C lo th g il t . 267 p p

, .

I n En g ra ve d S h o rt h a n d .

q
Th e Ph onograph ic Teach er . Pra c tic al
48 p p , 25 0
Ac u a in t a n c e wit h t h e Art o f Ph o n o gra p h y or Ph o n e tic S h o rt
h a nd , co n t ainin g a Series o f Progress i e esso n s Eac h p rincip le
.

v L
. A G uide to

.
a

is c learly a n d ful ly e x p lain ed , a n d th e kn o wled g e lea rned is

a p p lied in t h e sh o rth a n d a n d t ype e x erc ises , fo llo wing ea ch

prin cip le

K ey to th e Teach er . 200 . O f grea t v al u e to th e Pri v a te S t ud en t .

m in. Sh rthand Class

U i Cl
i
o Pric e 200 B W ith Ex ercises an d
ook. .

K y f e
jor se n a sse s Th is wo rk is d esign ed fo r sc h oo l u se in
.

c on un c tio n w it h o n e o f th e o th er t e x t boo ks , a n d gi es in s tru c tion

in Ph o no gr a p h y fro m t h e ru d im en ts o n ward o n a n e w p la n
-
v
.

Simple e x p la n a t io ns t a ke t h e p la c e o f ru les , a n d th e b ulk o f th e

boo k c o n sis ts o f c o p iou s e x erc ises in sh o rth an d ch ara c ters, with
co m p le te in terlin ea r key in o rd in ary p rin t 0 .

The Ph on ograph ic Ex ercise

d o u ble lin es
B
ook. 100 . Ma de of t h e b est q u alit y

p a per, in s in gle o r .

’
Gradua ted Tests in Isaac Pitman s A series
Sh orth and . 80 pp .
, 200 .

t e b ec
h o t j
o f re vis io n a ry e x erc is es , a rra n ged o n a n e n t irel y n ew p la n , wit h
o f t
t es ts consis t o f a
es t in g he
t s t u
v
d e t s kn o w led g e o f t h e sys t em
n
’

ery c are fully c h osen lis t o f words in

Th e .

o rdi n ary p rin t , illu s tra tin g th e wh o le o f t h e ru les , formin g a

v v
a lu a ble m ea n s o f a d d in g to t h e s tu d en ts p h o n o
fiq
’
a p hic oca
’
bu l ary Th ere is a sp a c e fo r th e le a rn er s rs t o u t in e
. a Sp ace
’
fo r t h e te a c h er s c orrec t ion , sh o u ld suc h be re u ire d an d Sp a c es
for th e p upil t o re write t h e correc t form .

Pitman ’s Sh orth and Reading Lesso"ns No 1 48 p p 200 For u se

wi th t h e Tea c h er," M a n u a l or In s tru c tor, a n d fu rn ish in g
. . .
, . ,

rea din g p ra c t ice a n d word -b u ildin g fro m t h e be ginn in g o f t h e

st ud y o f th e s ys t e m .

K ey to S h ortha nd Reading Less ons N o 1 in ordina ry type , .

,
.
60 .

Pitman ’s Sh orth and Reading Lessons No 2 61 p p 250 . . . .

, .

K ey to S h orth a nd Rea din g Less on s , N o . 2 in,

ordina ry ty pe . 6c .

Letter Dictation from th e eginning zoo

pra c tic a l busines s a nd gen eral let ters ( in ordin ary
B . a2 pp '

.
; . A series o f

prin t ) based
.

on th e p rin c ip les o f Isa a c Pit man Sh o rt h and .

2
 an d ex t en d ed
Studies in Ph
tio n
onography .
Ph o n etic Sh orth an d , as
ex po si of th e Art of
c lo th , 500 . A simple

se t forth in th e
”
Tea ch er, th e Man u al , an d th e Report er ;
in t en ded as a su pp lemen ta ry boo k to these th ree .

Th e Fono Headline Sh orthand Copy Books B OO K S AH B AND C o

v
.

Ea ch , 100 . Co n t a in in g a series o f bea u tifull y engra ed gra d u a t ed

co p i es to be writ t en in Sh orth an d

A
.

Exercises in Phonographv . 50 . seri es of grad u a ted sen ten ce

e x e cises .
r
Pitman ’s Sh orthand Gradus 60 . . .
A series of W ritin g Ex ercises
for u se with t h e In s truc to r
”
or Ma n u al . Al so co n ta in s a
full lis t of Co nso n an t O u tlin es , a n d exercises o n sa me
Av
.

s Fables Learner’s S t yle

’
M . 200 . In t h e . al u a ble rea di n g
boo k in wo rds o f o n e s ylla ble .

Easy Readings . 200 . In th e L ’

earn er s S t yle of Sh ort h and , with
K ey .

A Compend of Ph onography 50 Co n taining th e . . Alph a be t ,

G ramm alogues, a n d p rin ci pa l Ru les for W rit in g .

’
Pitm an s Sh orthand Manual . 11 4 p p 500 . c lo th , 000 . Bein g
”
a co n d ensed edi t io n o f Part I o f th e I ns t ru c to r, a n d co n t a in in
a n e x po sit io n o f t h e s ys t em , wi th n u mero u s en ra ed sh ort h an gv
ex amp les in t ers persed with t h e t ex t
Ex ercises in readin g and writin g
Re iew u es tio ns , an d
.
. v Q
Teach er Ma nual . In one v ol
.,
roan , gilt , 900 .

K ey to Exercises in Manual ”
200 With Ans wers to th e Re iew v
Q
. .

u es tion s.

Th e Ph onographio Reader 200

“

. . A course o f Reading Ex ercise:

in Ph ono gra p h y , with K ey .

Pitrnan ’
Sh orth and Reporter 117
s . clo th , 7 50 . B ein g a
co nd en sed edi tio n o f Part 2 o f th e
tion of Ph on ogra ph y to V erb a ti m
In s truc tor
Reporting .
a n d an ad ap ta

Reporter
”
K ey to th e . 200 .

Re‘po ting Exei-cises In tended 200 as a Companion to th e

fi
. .

r m ; co n ta inin g exercises on rules and con trac ted

‘
all th e
q
e
wo rd in th is book .

K ey to th e Reporting Exercises. In which all

t h e Ex ercises a re p esen t ed in Sh orth and
r .

me Aeqnisition oi Speed in Phont

t ype
s
'

em —
18 pp . 100 In ordin ary
Con ta inin g c h a p ters on t h e follo win g su b ec ts : Th e
.

Th e I m port ance of Th oro ngh n ess and Me th od o f S tudy

. .

j
—
El m n t e e ary S peed Pra c tice —T es ts of S peed —te c.

The Grammalogues Contractions oi Pitm ’ “ ”

and an s Reporter . 5c.

The Ph onographic Phrase Book 88 p clo th 500 Con

v
. .
,

in g a bo e two tho u san d

use ful p rases in P h y , wi th
h onogr
K ey and an ex ercise occu pying 43 pages con taining all a
p
as th ey occur in th e book .
 ’
Issac Piunan s _ Sh orth and Dic tionary 312 p p clo th ,
"
. .
,
Library Edi ti on , gilt , c olo ured ed ges , ro a n ,Eigh th
v
Ed ition , Re ised an d enl arged , co n t ai nin g th e Sh ort h an d Repo rt
ing O u tlin es , bea u t iful ly p rin t ed fro m en gra ved c h ara c ters , o f
v
o er wo rds a n d geo gra p hic al n ames, with p ara llel K e y in
o rdin a ry t y pe Al so a c o m p le te lis t o f G ra mma logues a n d
.

Con tra c t ed W ord s a lph abe t ic al ly arra n ed Th e mos t co m p re

h en sive S h o rt h an d Dic t ion ary p u blish e S pecim en p ages free. d .

Au ex c eedingly vl a u a ble work —N Y S u n

A
. . . .

p rac tic al an d b ea u t iful boo k —Wes tern Pen ma n

.

Abridged Sh orth and Dicti onary 224 p p Clo th 75e ;Fren ch moroc co size . .
, .
,

8 x 4} in . Co n t a in s o er word s wi th th eir sh ort v .

Co n t ra c tio n s Av
h an d c h ara c t ers a n d a co mp le t e lis t o f G ra mmal o gu es
,

s m all, h an d y wo rk, th o ro ughl y

. u p -to- da t e, an d
b ea u t ifull y en gra ed

V
.

Cumulative Speller and Sh orth and ocabulary . Clo th , gilt , 145 p p , .

50C .

F or fu rther particulars o f th is work see pa ge I I.

The Reporter
’
s Assistant .

t h e Rea din g o f t h e Repo rt in g S t y le o f Ph o n ogra p h y

1 32 p p .
, clo th , 600 . A
.
K ey to
All th e
wo rd s in th e dic t ion ary , n o t e x c eedin g th ree co n so n an ts , were
writ t en in Sh o rth a n d , an d , from this ex tensi e lis t o f o u tl in es v
v ’
rea din g on e s n o tes
fi
h as been dra wn a ll w ords th a t co n ta in th e same ou tl in e, an d th e y
h a e been c l assi ed acco rding to th eir forms
.
O f grea t aid in .

Tech nical Rep orting 80 Co m prisin g

pp 500 4 c l0 th . 800
v
. .
.
,

Ph on o gra p h ic Ab b re i a tio n s for wo rds an d p h rases co mmo nl y

met with in Repo rt in
Tec h nica l S u b ec ts , wi j L
e gal , M edical , Sc ien ti c , and o th er
t ype key .
fi
B
Practical Busineu
usin ess Le t ters
Letters in Sh orthand
in engra ved Isa a c Pitman s sh o rt h an d , con ta inin g
,

j
. 84
’
pp .
, 800 . A series o f

7 6 let t ers o n th e follo n

A
L ife In suran c e— an kin g-
su b ec ts
B Ra ilroa d Co rres pon d en c e
ruit an d Prod u ce Re a l Esta te, e tc
let terpress K e y is p ro id ed a t th e en d o f th e boo k v
F —
,
.

Busines s Correspondence in Sh orthand. Nos 1 2 3 4 5 Band 7

v
. , , , . , .

40 p p . ea c h . 250 . ea c h
boo ks con tai nin g
. A series o f a lu a ble
'

actua l co rres po n d en ce in v ari ou s b ra n c h es o f b usiness Eac h .

boo k is K ey ed in o rdin ary t y pe a n d th e ma t ter co un ted for speed

p ra c tice in eith er sh o rth a n d o r t yp ewriting S t enogra p h ers .

a fter co mple t in th eir s tu dies , feel th e n eed o f so me prac tica l

ma t erial t o ena le th em t o keep 11 th eir pra c tice an d a t th e
s ame t im e inc reas e their speed 0 a ll s u c h ma t ter, b u sin ess
v
.

le t t ers are th e mos t v a lu a ble , an d t h e a d a n t a e, t h ere fore , o f

h a vin g for imm ed ia t e re feren ce su ch a pract ical col ee tion of let ters g
will be a t o n ce recognized .

LI S T CO N TENTS
BU
OF .

SI N ES S P
CO RR ES O N DEN E i N SHO RTH AND N o C
—
.

tre a t ed :

ware-
Ra ilro ad Co rrespo n d en c e
( Pa t en ts) La w ( Pen sion s )
L
u mber
-

oo ts and
an kin g
—
Sh oes B
La w
S t oc k
Miscella n eo u s
— B —
—
—P w o er of
Attorney orm, e tc F .

P CE j
Bu s Ess
t rea t ed :
CO RRES
Rea l Es ta t e
O N DEN S RO RTHA N D N o
rN
Correspon den ce inancial
2
—F . S ub ec ts
—Legal and
.
 850 . A p ra c tic a l M a n u a l o f Co mm ercia l C orres pon de n ce
3 key t o C o mm erc ial Corres po n d en ce in S h orth an d .

le t t ers are c o u n t ed fo r Sh ort h a nd an d t ype wri tin g S peed p ra c tic e,

'

an d ed it io n s are p u blish ed in _ S p anish , ren ch , an d G erm an , F

c orres po n din g p a g e fo r
p ag e .

The Sh orth and Commercial Letter Writer 94 p p 400 lo th 500 . .

, . C .

A G ui d e to Co mm ercial Corres po n d e n c e in th e Repo rtin g S t yle

of Ph on o gra p h y .

K ey to Sh orthand Commercial Letter Writer . In o rdin ary t ype .

200 . c lo t h , 40C .

Th e Sh orthand Commercial Letter Writer and K ey . In one v olu me .

C lo t h , 60C .

OEce Work in Sh orthand 96 pp 400 .c lo th 5oci .

, .
, S pecimens
o f Mi sc ell an eo u s W o rk in Repo rt in g S t yle .

K ey to M oe Work .
”
In ordin ary . t y pe . zoe ; . c lo th , 40c .

Work in Sh orthand and K ey . In one v o lu me . C lo th , 600

‘

Trade Correspondence in Sh orthand . 96 p p ; . cl o th , 500 .

K ey to Trade Correspondence . 20c ; . clo t h , 400 .

Pilman ’s International Merca ntile Letters .

The Ph onographic Railway Ph rase ook 20C

qAn a d a p ta tion o f
Ph o nogr a p h y t o t h e Re uiremen t s o f En glish Ra il w a y usin ess
B . .

B
an d Co rres po n d enc e .

Th e Ph on ographic
Ph on o gr a p h y t o th e Re
Legal
q Ph rase ook 200 B An a d a p ta tion o f
u irem en ts o f En glis h Legal
.

us iness a n d
.

B
C o rres po n d en c e .

Th e Insurance Phrase B ook. 20 pp .

, 2OC .

Ins truction in Legal Work . 40 p p .

, 250 . In ordin ary t yp e . For
Repri n t ed m
.

C o urt S t en o gra p h ers a n d La w S t u d en ts . fro

Pitman s Twen tie th C en t ury Dic ta tion a n d
’
Leg al Forms .
”

Military Ph rase B ook. 40 p p .

, 400 .

1 Ph onograph ic Medical Ou tlin es

’

and co n tra c t io n s fo r a bo u t
. 7 50 e in g a
.

medica l t erms
B .
us t o f o u t lin es
Third edition
en tirely revised .
 ADAPTATIO NS O F ISAAC PITMAN S ’

PHO NOG RAPHY TO FO REIGN

LANG AGES U .

nola de Isaac Piunan . 128

Ad a p t a ciOn a a Len gu a
Epsa nola d el S ist erna d e Fo n o grafi a del
Au tor

g
en
Pa ra
.

Est u dio Perso n a l

,

B
u so d e Esc u elas d e Co mercio l n s ti t u tos y ta m bien
e in g a n Ad a p t a tio n o f Is a a c Pit m an s
.
'

B h orth an d t o t h e S p a nish a n gu a g e Des ign ed fo r u se

us in ess Co l leges , High S c h oo ls , a n d fo r Se lf In s truc ti o n
L .

.
in

AS th e boo k is p rimaril y d es ign ed fo r b us in es s Sh o rt h a n d

writers , th e e x ercises are rep le te with S u gges tio n s o f t h e hig h es t
fi
'

v
ti l l e t o a ll n o t e t akers in o f ces
fi
Th e boo k is a lit tle
-
p ra c ca a u
v
.

ma r el it is sc ien ti c an d in ge nio us to a d egre e , a nd no steno

gra p h er s h o u ld b e w i th o u t it
"
M ex ica n Herald, M ex ic o .
— .

t K ey to Teq uigrafls Ewauola . Clo th , gil t , W ith additional

Ex erc ises .

t Frenoh Ph onography 4oo g cloth , 500 Third edition Revised

F
. . .

a n d En larged An a d a p t a tion o f Ph o nogra p h y to M e

. ren c h
l an gu a ge B y T A Reed . . . .

7 German Ph onogra phy Cro wn 8 vo . 64 p p" cl oth . we .

An a d a p t a t io n o f Ph o no gra p h y to t h e German l anguage .

t Manuela di Fonografia Ih liana me An a d a p t a tio n o f Phono

F
.
.

gra ph y t o t h e I t a lia n la n gu a ge . B y G iuse ppe ra nci ni .

f Dutch Ph onography An ada p t a tion of Ph o nograph y to

F
.

th e Du t c h la n gu a ge . By . De H aa n .

t Ph onographia sel mae

Yn OI Trein Isaac Pitman r . 500 An
.

a d a p t a t io n o f Ph o n o grap h y t o t h e Welsh lan gua ge . B y Rev .

R H Mo rga n , M A
. . . .

t l epanese Ph on ograph y B y EDW A RD G AU NTLEI T Rul es in ‘ ‘

. .

En glish e x a m p les e t c in Ja pa n ese

,
Part 1 Co rres po nding
,
.
,
.
,

S t yle p rice 600

,
Par t 2 , Re po rtin g S t yle, price 750
. Exa mples .

a n d Ex ercises , price 40C .

fi fl fl i fi fi ifi fi Nih on-so

EDW ARD G A U '

N TL ETT S a d a p t a tion of
la n gu a ge ; in Ja p a n ese .
Pit ma n
Parts
’
S h ort h a n d to th e
s
1 an d 2, wit h oo k o f B
c o mp le t e , p rice

Pitman’r Ph onography adap ted to Esperan to . Lim p clo th , 50C .

SHORTHAND READING BOOK S .

Th e s tu den t to increase his s peed , to im pro ve h is kn o wled ge , and

o f Ph o no gra p h y , ca n n ot rea d t o o m uc h w ell- engra ved sh ortha nd
—
“

O n e a d v a n t a ge o f s t ud ying t h e Isaa c Pit m an S ys t em an d on e

wh ic h ca n no t well be o ver- es tim a t ed —is , th a t t h e sh ort h an d
.

litera ture in th a t s ys t em is far in ex cess o f all o th er sys tems

com bin ed .

We w ou ld emph as ize still furth er the wea lth o/ [iteration

the I saac Pit ma n sy stem Th ese pu blishers are '

7
 con tin u ally iss uin g n ew wo rks in sh orth an d , and t his in itself
sh o ul m a ke th eir sys t em a grea t f o e in the s ortha nd world
Yv
”
d rc h .

Pen ma n s A rt J o urnal ( N ew ork)

'
.

W e wish to repea t wh a t we h a e sa id b efo re with referen c e

to t h e lit era t ure sen t ou t b y I sa a c Pit m an So n s , an d t h a t is ,
v v
th a t t h e ery ex te nsi e lin e th ey furnish is O f its elf the h ighest
rec o mmenda t io n l or the sy stem N o oth er syste m l u m ishes as
—
.

muc h ” Western Pen ma n ( Ce d ar Ra pid s,

. .

IN TH E CO RRES P O N DI N G ST Y LE .

Selec t Readings, No 1 48 p p , 200 An e n tirel y n e w boo k o f

. . . .

rea din gs Partial lis t o f sel ec t io n s

. A Rill fro m t h e To wn
L
Pum p ( N ATHA N I EL HAW TH O RN E)
( CH ARLES DI K EN S ) C
Th e Ma n in
Th e Hear t o f o n don
la c k (O LI V ER G O LD S M ITH )
P
B
Q u ic ksa n d ( I T O R H O ) , e tc VC
House h o ld S u pers ti t io n s ( JO S E H AD DI S O N )
UG
C a u gh t in th e
.

Selec t Readings, No 2 48 pp 200 Co n t a i ni n g A irs t N I h t F

C
. . .
, .

a t S ea ( RI H A RD H DA N A ) ;
C andid Ma n (
Nia gara
LWE R L TT O N ) e tc BU ( DI C K EN s ) ; . e
Y , .

Th e Chimes . 127 pp .
, 500 cl o th . 600 . B y CH A RLES DI C K EN S .

Th e
DI
BC
K
a ttle
EN S .
0 !L ife . 130 p p .
, c lo th , 500 . B y CHARL ES

v
Th e Sil
IN G er Ship of
RAH A M .
Mexioo . pp .
, c lo th . soc . By 1 H . .

Th e Book of Psalms . 1 60 pp .
, 400 ; c lo th , 500 .

Self- Culture . 91 pp .
,
c lo th , 500 . B y PRO F . B C
LA K I E .

é
Gn liver’s
wm .
V oyage to Lilliput . 88 pp .
, 400 . cl o t h , 500 . B y DEAN

Tales
G
and Sketches 96 p p , 40C . . . c lo th 500 . By W ASHI N G TO N
I RV I N ; wit h p rin t e d K e y .

Robinson Crusoe . 809 p p B y DAN I EL DEFO E

.
, 600 cl o th , 75 C . .

Illu stra t ed This wo rk is ex trem el y wel l a d a p t ed for u se as a

v
.

sh orth a n d rea der , a n d , in a t tra c ti e c lo t h bin ding, forms a

h an dso me p rize vo l um e .

Th e Vicar of Wake fi eld. Il lu s tra t ed . 280 p p .

,
c lo th , 600 .

IN TH E RE P O RTI N G ST Y LE .

l lecfions from American Auth ors . 11 2 p p .

, 40C . c lo th , 590 .

W it h K ey in o rdin ary
th e follo wing sel ec tion s Th e
p a ge , a n d co n ta in in g
t yp e
u c c a n eer s Treas ure ( I RVI N )
'
.
at

V B t h e foo t o f ea ch
G
M y Editin g ( TW AI N ) A
B
en erab le Im pos t or ( HA Rr E)
Au tocra t o f th e rea kfa s t Ta ble ( HO LM ES )
F
Th e W a y to Wea l th
Th e

L G
( RA N K LI N ) Th e Tell-Tale He art ( PO E) ; G re a tn ess in Co mmon
ife (C HAN N I N ) Th e S to ry o f a Dru m ( H A RrE) Th e Proc ess ion
L
of
a t th e B
ife ( HAW TH O RN E) A M elt in g S tory (TWA I N )
rea kfas t Ta ble ( H O L MES )
Th e Profes sor
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8
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296 pp .
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Ph o no gra ph y .

v
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in trod u c t ion b y E A C O .
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AR eadin g an d Dic t a tion book with

TYPEWRITING .

Prac tical Course in Touch Typ ewri B y C H AS E 3 m m , A uth or

v
. .

C u mul at ive S peller Eigh t h

fi
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of di t io n , re ise d a n d en larged
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b y t h e S en se o f To u ch Th e d es ign o f th is wo rk is to t ea ch to u c h
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t yp e writ in g in s u c h a w a y t h a t t h e s t u d e n t will O p era t e b y t o u c h

v
will h a e a n a b so lu t e co mm a n d o f e e ry ke y o n t h e ke y bo ard , v
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wo uld be th e c a se wit h t h e a id o f sigh t s ep ara t e C h art co n t a in
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Ado p te d b y t h e N ew ork . Y
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to s t a te Pra c ti c al Co urse in A
To uc h T ype writing th e o nl y t e x t boo k fro m wh ic h I s t u died , -

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ex ercises are e x c ellen t a n d h a e h el ped m e won d erful ly in

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workin g u p S peed Th e w h o le co urs e is v ery in t eres ti n g fro m

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t h e beg i n nin g, a n d it c a nno t b u t p rod uc e t h e b es t res u l t s in th e

sh o rt es t t me — Ros e
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Yo u m a y be in teres ted in kno win g th a t o ur t ea ch ers a nd

u p ils
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p y pe wn tin g Al th ough th is work h as been in u se les s t h a n
v v
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t h a t o u r s t u d en t s are d o in g as we ll as a grea tl y in crea sed
in t eres t in T pe writ in g wo rk ” —C has H erma nn , President,
,

. .

Euc l id S oh o B ro okly n , N Y . .

Isaac Pitinan ’s Typewriter Manual

'

81 0 0 Fifth é
difi o n , re vi sed
AP
. .

a n d en larged G uid e to Co mmerc ia l

ra c t ic al i terary , ega l L L
6
,

Drama tic , a n d a ll c lasses o f Typ ewrit in g wo rk Co n t ain s 5 .

p la tes All-fin ger or Tou ch Typ ewritin g me th od

. .

W ti on .
Typewriter Manual . 40m ; c lo th , 500 . Seventh
 Instructions on th e Remington Standard Typewriterc az pp . .

20 cen ts
B ar- Loc k
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p u blis h ed 200 eac h for th e N ew Cen tury Ca ligraph.
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Typewriter ac king Sh eet. Des ign ed to pro tec t th e type, th e

v
p la t en , a n d t o ass is t in gi in g be t t er a n d lo nger servic e t o th e
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lin e n u merals from 1 to 60 , which indica tes th e nea ring o f th e en d

v
I t pre en ts slipp ing o r th e paper and wrinkling of
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System at Touch or Sigh t Typewriting . BY 1 . W .

PATTO N
of fi . Third Ed itio n R6 \i3 8 d an d Enlarged
n gerin g is c lear a n d simp le.
600
Th e plan
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p u p il us t wh a t n ger t o use .

fi nge ing e x ercises on words an d sen tenc e s are furnish ed to

P“? ll r

CO MMERCIAL CO RRESPONDENCE,
B U
SINESS ENGLISH , SPELLING, EtC .

Bitm ’
an s 20th Cen tury B
272 pp , st ifi bo a rd s a n d cl o th back. 7 50 6 c lo t h ,
.
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Wo rk, whic h is t h e mos t co mp le te dic ta tion co urse p ublish ed , is

S peci al l y co mp iled for t h e t e ac h er, t h e be ginn er, a n d th e a d an ced v
s t ud en t . v
All progressi e Sc h oo ls , wit h ou t reference to t h e
s ys te m o f Sh orth an d ta u gh t , sh ou ld in sist u po n ea ch s tu den t

procu ring a co p y . v
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whic h s t u d en ts m a y s t u d y American b u siness co rres po nd ence as

it ac t u all y is. Al l m a t ter coun t ed for S peed - t esting .

Als o publ ished in two parts , as foll ows

Part L—Business Dic ta tion . 1 68 pp .
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s t iff bo ar s a nd cl o t h b ac k. 40C.
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8
5 . .
. ,

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. in Tou c h Typewriting urse .

A mod ern a nd prac tic al spe ller for Commercial Ed u ca tion As .

v
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con t a in in g al l O f t h ese special words, is in cl ud ed in t h e spe ll er
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 th e work is in t en d e d t o a fi o rd t h e stu den t a rea d y mean s 0
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a ssign e d for h o me wo rk are l a t er o n re pe a t ed in t h e regular les so n s,

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t h e n ec essi t y o f h a ing spec ial re ie w lesso n s Th is wo rk co n t ai n s v .

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edit io n sen t o n re u e s t q S a mp le p a ges o f ei th er

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meani n g fo r eac h wo rd , an d it s a es a as t a mo u n t o f th e
t ea c h er s t me —A M K en nedy , K en nedy S h ortha nd S ch o ol ,
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. . .

T af oul a , C a na da .

Punctuation as a Means of Expression I ts Th eo ry a n d Pra c tic e . .

B y A E LO V ELL M A
. . 500 Th is is muc h mo re t h an a m ere
,
. . .

s t a t e men t o f ru les T h e a u t h o r h as writ te n a n in t e res ting a n d

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h el p fu l m a n u al o f t h e su b ec t t h a t will gre a tl y im press th e

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Style B ook of
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Te a c h e rs o f this
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K ey to Sty le B ook. 200 .

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Pitman l T h e la t e s t a n d be s t poc ke t d ic
F
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U
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0 The Life of Sir Isaac Pitman In Ph onograph y 392 p p ,

, v nte or of . .

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ar Ge man Reader Child Wife

"
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Pro n unciat io n
“
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vi
Translatio n
. No 1. .

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My
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adge’ I etterS 32 pp 200 German an d English

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’

guasgc
Pi n n .
- . ,

O
.

P RT G ESE UU
t t g s
.

A New Dic ion ary Eg h of th e Por u ue e and n lis Languages o

E i nr ch by a gr at n b r t chn cal t r s s
ed c rc e um e o f e i e m u ed in o mm e e,

xpr ss ns fr a ly l f bas
n stry arts
i du sc nc s ,
ncl ng a gr at an d ie e , . a nd i udi e v arie t of
lang ag a
e

JU L
o s
UC
e
I S
io

v l clachth g ltach v rtl g ss l ngl

o
O RN ET
sh
c t n
om

ngl sh rt g si
.

.
th e
B y H M i c m uru s
Po u u e e E i
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and
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on d
E
Edi io
ed o n

i -
Po
.

u
M
In two
ue e
of

.
,

e s parat l y E o u me o d e e .

D t ary rt g s
.

E gl h
ic ion ga ! ! of th e Po u ue e and n is la n u ge

C L
c
Iu iu n g Te i chn cal xp ss ns C mm rc
‘

n stry E re io of o e e an d I du ,
of

th parts in
c nc
S ie e an d A rts arts . By H . MI H AE I S . In Two P : I,
r g s ngl sh
Po t u ue e E i ngl sh rt g s -
II , E i -
Po u u e e. Bo on e

vo l

tClmath s g lt t r at al M r a t L tt rs ngl sh rt g s
.

Pi n
’
In e n ion e c n ile e e . E i -
Po u ue e .

o ,
i ,

ITALIAN
tgmlta t r at al Mercantile Letters
.

Bi ’
n a In e n ion . Engl ish I tal ian - Clo th .

i .

’
n u c o s SYS TEM

t
.

Spani h Simp lifi ed s .

cl o th .

t French Simp lifi ed . 85a ; cl o th .

85C cl o th
7 ra m Simplified
.

. sen ; cl o th
 a a k t
r t x t t
l am not cq u in ed wi h, nor do I now at by epu a tion ( e cep ing
v at ra r as a a ra r r
two e e n Gurney write s)
r
n w th y
ll not Pitma nic fol lowe
x st
f w
ingle r pid and ccu te w ite who

c nsp c s th s v c n t y
I t doe s no t oll o , o f course that su ch
. ,

m a rm b l v r
d o no t e i , b u t I d o k o e are n o t o i uo u in i i i i
rth x mann r t ach ng
I a
i i
sa
fi
t s n h n graphy as la
P o o
tman syst m
w
e ie e in th e o
n
odo
a h r s t xt b
id d o
e of e
in th e u t o i ed e
C pl t h n gra h c
i an d pra c
oo k o i -

p n n that any s r i
om
‘
th e eo Pi e , v iz : Th e e e P o o p. i

part r th r fr m w ll nly pr c har f l r s lts —Fr

Instr ct r
u o ,
’
m c
a nd a ly d e id ed o f t h e O i io e ou s

Yr m ”
de i d a nk
r U Cr
u e e e o o o u e u e u .

D C r
. u tis, O fl r C
icia l S ten og a phe , 5 i cu it ou rt , N ew o k . . .

H OLD S THE REC RD FOR SPEED O .

v
Th e Isaac Pitman Sho rthan d is th e bes y em I t is th e mos t
u ni ers ally used , being th e s im pl est , brie est , an d mo st l ogical in
tf s st .

e xist ence I t is ad apted to S pan ish a n d ten o th er lan ages It

record for Speed
x v .

is u sed e cl u si el in th e N e w ork High S choo ls, and t h old th e

’y "
S ucces s , N ew
. ork
Y Y s
.

saac Pitm an So ns; to mee t th e incre asing American

In 1 8 90 , I
f
deman d fo r a mo re pe r ec t syst em than that o f th e n inth or t enth
edi ti o ns establ ish ed h e ad q u art ers in N ew o rk Th e res ult has Y
Y
-
.
,

been that th e N e w ork High Schoo l o f Co mmerce an d o ther l e ading

ed u cat io nal insti t u t io ns a re n o w a do pting th e t entie th c ent ury
presentation o f th e Isaac Pi tman homo graph hich is co nceded
ww
t o be th e most simpl e l egibl e brief a n d l o gicay
,

system in e xistence
i v ,

I ts pu bl ish ers ha e be h in d th em th e plant cap ital an d experience

o f S xty h y e ye ars acc umu latio n an d th e co o pe ratio n o f o er three
,

, ,

v
.

f v
'
- ~
,

mill ions of s uccess ul practition ers Th e impro ements mad e

v
by th e in entor and assisted b a lar e army o f experienced te ach ers
an d e xpert re po rt ers in t h e tates and G rea t B ritain ha e
.

v
f nited
co ntinued ro m 1 84 0 to th e present time and e erything that brain s
an d expe rience can acco m pl sh has been appl ied to its im pro ement i , v v
,

i i Th e Isaac Pitm an al phabe t ( r90 3 ) hich is co mpo sed of

s m l e an d di stinct characters is no t l ikely to be impro ed u pon
, w v
.

p
d u r ng th e e xist enc e o f any o n e no w li ing — F r orn 1 90 4 Edition of
Applet on s U n iversal Cycl op e dia a nd Atlas
’
" ,

v .

O w ngx os facta thatpt saac wtman ksystB arm E m

i t th e
has been e clu ively do ed by th e Ne Yor
Pi e o f st en ogra h y
o d 01
th e I
duce
p .

a a t n h rthan nstr ct r
mr t a ary t r st h s syst has
th e pearan ce o f n ew ed i io o f th e S o d I u o in
am
that
s
v of o e h n ordin
r s xty y ars w in e e
ll n gh p ss bl
art c l v r br ght a h gh r stat
u se for o e i e ,
an d it is e i
T i
mag n
em
im o i e to i
p r ct on
been in
i e
.

-
o

r v s t w n t th c nt
th e o u d e e be ou to i e e of e fe i .

m any mpr v m nts all tman wr t rs

Th e e i ed e ie e t nedi io nstr ct r c nta s
o f th e I u o o in
t st y
sh rthan s v ral y ars g w ll w ll s c r a c py that
i d i w h o oo k u p th e ud
'

o e e , an e

n w syst i n h gh st stat v
of d e e i do to e u e so
‘

o e a o e o .

l pm nt
th e m a k o th e
C mm
he G obe a nd o
em its i e
r
ercial Advert ise , Yr N ew
e o f de e o
o k
e
.
.

th e bes
Th e
t s st !rt a
committee th e Pu i S oo Bo d
y em 0 sho h nd for t h e oo
of
’
o mme i
a nd decided upon th e Issac Pi m n n
oi

ystem.
”
bl c ch l ar app nted to sel ect
sch ls c rc al course met
t a Tare
,

!
“
yest erd a
Gl obe,”
oronto, O nt , a na da . C .
 “
I a m l saac Pit man
not an
writer) yet l reco gmze and demnnd recogni
riter ( al th ou I am a PitmnnIe
. of ln no Pitmnn
w
,

a s t h e so urce o f th e so -call ed Be nn Pit m an , Munso n , a n d all th e o th er

h c t mb one Pihnm ic m m m m
t at v t
Pitmanic s t yl es
h in en ed by
Tha e is .

Mr ta —
aa
Is c Pi m n, t h e o thers are merely difi eren t
tt les , or ad apta t io ns o f t h e o rigin al
.

Ed it or, Typewriter a nd
th
’’ on o ra hic World
g p N ew ork Y .
.

sh rthan n v t by
,

sys tem o f o Sir I saac Pit man is me

kY
Th e
best nown 01 all
N ew
e od
d i en ed
an d ee m th s has b n a
d o pt ed by t h e ci ty o f
,

o rk and o th er large ci ties as t h e stan d ar d in t h e Public

S choo ls . Wa erley M a gaz ine " B ost on M as s
”
v , ,
.

Th e most l ogical pract ical a nd syst ematic of any system of

, ,

s ho rthan d B oston ( M as s J ou rna l

”

M v v
-
. . .

“
an y systems of sho rthan d ha e come an d gone since Sir Isaa c
Pi tma n in en ted h is Pho no graphy in 2 8 3 7 bu t n on e has been
v
'
,

able to s u pplant it en tirely for it has been steadily im pro ed In

v ,

spite o f th e many ariatio ns and o fi sh"oo ts rom it this sys tem st ill
has mm to call itse lf th e stan d ard —The Chica go (I ll ) Rec ord
f ,
.

22
. .

Her 1

o
Th e ime and mo e
sh rthan sys t
t rns
e
d
t
em are
n y n ecessary to acquire th e mas tery of a
al ays ell S pent
saac t an 1s th e bes t for all practical p
, th e I Pi m
w w
all th e shorthan d
bein
. Of
,

e s pl st
im e a nd m o st natural t h e mo st harmo nio us ogica l an , , ,

l g bl h s syst has bee n ch ose n for t h e Chr ist ian Heral d s

Y
’
e i e T i em
sh rthan l ss ns " C h ristia n H erald N ew ork
.

c rs
o u e of o d e o
f
. .
,

o n th e re pr ese ntati o n o f lan gu ag e in

v
Th e Isaac Pit m an system o f shorthan d I S oun d ed on a philoso
ph ica l bas is appro ed by Max M ull er an d o th er e min ent a u tho ri ties
rit ing an d as th e resul t o f w
its use by a hos t o f abl e sho rthan d
v ri ters in e ery fi el d o f ork
f
th e sys tem has bee n d e el o ped on l in es o f pract ical u se uln ess to a
w ,

v w ,

far greater ex tent than any o th er me thod —Harmsworth s S ell .

’

th n xtrav aganc h p that y r C rs h rt

han w ll pr v an nn v at n s c n in p rtanc nly that
I i k it n o e o u e 1n S o
‘
e to o e ou

h n graphy h s l f U
d im o
'
i o e i o io e o d e o to
a g rat by gr at Fath r nt l s ch
as r v al syst ms a p s ti n r
in u u ed th e e e of P o o im e i u .

t l th r t xt b s
it w stanl ss ma cll ass by scts ssl f than
ime

n ow
ou d
i
ee
d in
e are in
id e to di u
i e
th r n f r r ty
o i o
ei i
k to
t o e mod e
e io i
s C rs
ei
Th e I
e

h r han
o u e in S o t
Pi
d
oo k
saac t man
’
.
.

.
,

C g
B rother Rogat ia n , De La S alle olle e, Vedado , Ha va na , ubaC .

S end [ or

S OME O P INTS,

and a copy 0 !M “
AN ’S J OUR AL N
”
.

I S AAC PITMAN S ON S 2 W s t sth S t r

e 4 eet
Twe lve Re a s o n s fo r Le a rn in g
’
Is a a c Pitma n s S h o rth a n d
It w as th e fi r st i v t d a d i h la t st n en e n t
im r v d
, s e e

p o e

It i h Ea s i st
.

s t e L r e to ea n .

I i h m st
t s t e m pl t o co e e.

I i h br i f st
t s t e e e

r a t I t a t i al C t st f Sp d
.

A h t t e g e n ern on on e or
ra y i s h rt a d writ i h eld a t
ee
an d A c cu n h n n g,
B st dr h asi s
c o

M ar on , 30 1 0 ch 9 7 t
East r n C mm r ial T a h r s
o , , un e e u p ce
’
f h t e o

Ass ia t i M iss N lli M W d ( Is aa

o e e c e c e
on ,

w r it r ) arri d
oc e e . oo c

Pi m a t n h EAG AN c o ff t
d Sid y H
e e

INTERN ATIO AL C U
e

P N an ne
G d fr y ( Is aa Pitm a wr it r ) w
.
,

h n t
MINER GO LD M EDAL Th s tr h i s
o e c e on e

ff r d f d AC CU
. e e op e

w r e e o HIG H SPEED
e e or an “

RACY i s h r t h d wr it i n a d a di o an n g, n c n
d at s r r s ti ll h l adi g syst m
ep e e n ng a t e n e s
m t d
e e

co pe e

tir s yst m i b ilt a s i tifi bas is

.

Th e en e e s u oh c en c .

It i i v rs al arid i t a ti al h a v i g n e rn on n

m l t ly ir m a vi a t d h
s un e ,

co p e e l b
c cu n g e t e g o e

a d ap a t i g s i a
.

Its t f r i la t o t en o e gn n gu a e s

gr a t h lp h s d y f s h la s
on

e e t o t e tu o uc n gu a g e

m r s h rt h a d lit ra r t h a ll t h r
.

I h
t n e tu e n a o e

syst m s m bi d ra gi g fr m h
as o e o
ne n n o t e

m l t Sh t h a d B ibl p p l r fi ti
e co ,

co e e or n e to o u a c on

f h d ay
p
o t e

I i t ht i ls f N w Y r k
.

t h Hi h S h n t e c oo o e o
d t h r l a di g iti s
s aug g ,

Br kly oo n , an o e e n c e

m a y imit a t rs w h i h i its l f i a
.

H as n o c n e s

g ara t f i s ri rity
,

u n ee o ts u pe o

Th la t U S C m m iss i r f Ed a ti ( D
.

on e o uc on r

W T Harr is ) s ays
e e . . o .

I i h B EST t s t e
syst m d h w h i h f rm s h bas is
. .

an t e on e c o t e

a h dr d m r m difi a ti s
e ,
”
f or un e or o e o c on .
 UN IVERSITY O F C ALIFO RN IA LII
Los An g ele s
s UE
Th i boo k is D o n th e last dat e s amp
t e

FEES 195 5