WPS welding procedure specification - an approved PA Flat.

1G
UT Sec.V (Article 4 in service insp & Article 5
Factors. and accepted welding procedure; an authorised exam methods for matrs, Article 23 stnds ) PB Horizontal vertical.2G
document. acceptance criteria for in accordance with ASME
1.hydrogen > 15 ml hydrogen per 100 mg weld metal PC Horizontal.2G
VIII, Div. 1, Appendix 12.
2.temperature < 350 C ACCEPTANCE LIMIT FOR ULTRASONIC
PQR procedure qualification records - proof the PD Horizontal overhead. 2G
3.hardness > 400 VPN (Vickers pyramid number) TESTING OF WELD JOINTS (As per API-1104)
4.stress > 50 % yield (cannot be measured so procedure works - record of tests undertaken to qualify
9.6.2 ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS PE Overhead. 4G
assume it is > 50 % yield) procedure.
LPT Sec.V (Article 6 & Article 24 stnds) acceptance PF Vertical up. 3G
WAC welder approval certificate - required to ensure a criteria shall be in accordance with ASME VIII, Div.
PG Vertical down 3G
C.E. = % C + % Mn + % Cr + Mo + V + % Ni + Cu particular welder is capable of welding to a procedure. 1, Appendix 8.4 and 7,
API-1104 - 9.5 Liquid Penetrant Testing
6 5 15 WATC welder approval test certificate.
PI = % Cr + 3.3 (Mn) + 30 (% N)
WAR welder approval record. MPT Sec.V (Article 7 & Article 25 stnds)
WPAR welding procedure approval record. acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with
Quantitative (measurable) Qualitative WQT welder qualification test. ASME VIII, Div. 1, Appendix 6.4
Tensile Bend test API-1104 - 9.4 Magnetic Particle Testing
PWPS preliminary WPS – un-authorized
Charpy Nick break
(contains all essential variables and, after welding the RT Sec. V (Article 2 & Article 22 stnds) acceptance
Hardness Macro
C.T.O.T. (crack tip opening test) Fillet fracture test piece and all NDT and destructive tests have been criteria shall be in accordance with ASME VIII, Div.
accepted, then the WPS can be approved). 1, Appendix 4 and 7 for steel castings E 446,
ACCEPTANCE LIMIT FOR RADIOGRAPHIC
The symbols "A", "S", "U", "PP" and "H" Stamps covers the fabrication and alteration of high pressure boilers, unfired pressure TESTING OF WELD JOINTS (As per API-1104, )
vessels, power piping and heating boilers. Once an ASME Stamped Pressure Vessel is manufactured, it is checked, tested and approved by 9.3 ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS
the ASME Authorized Inspector, who review all the procedures and all documentation and sign the Data Report Form before the
procedure to stamp the name plate with the “U” or “UM” symbols, which means that the Pressure Vessel fully complies with the ASME VT Sec. V (Article 9 & Article 28 stnds) acceptance
Code rules for construction of Pressure Vessels. criteria shall be in accordance with ASME VIII, Div.
1, Appendix
The National Board of Boiler & Pressure Vessel Inspectors uses the “NB” Symbol as well the “R” Symbol to repair or to alter any API-1104- 9.7 Visual Acceptance Standards for
previous Stamped Pressure Vessel Undercutting
Section I - Steam Boilers Division 1: higher safety factor of 4. For example, if a
S- steam boilers (master). A- assembly only. E- electric 60,000 psi tensile strength material is used, the
boilers Maximum Allowable Stress Value is 15,000 psi.
M- miniature boilers. PP- power piping (B31.1). V * - UW-3 WELDED JOINT CATEGORY
safety valves Division 2: lower safety factor of 3. Thus, the maximum
Section VIII Div. 1 - Pressure Vessels allowable stress value for a 60,000 psi tensile strength Category A. Longitudinal and spiral welded joints within the main shell,
U pressure vessels. UM * miniature vessels. material will become 20,000 psi. Category B. Circumferential welded joints within the main shell,
UV * safety valves. UD * rupture disk devices Category C. Welded joints connecting flanges, Van Stone laps, tube sheets,
Section VIII Div. 2 - Alternative Rules Normally, manufacturers will choose Division 1 for low- or flat heads to main shell, to formed heads,
U2 pressure vessels pressure vessels and Division 2 for high pressure Category D. Welded joints connecting communicating chambers2 or nozzles
Section VIII Div. 3 vessels. to main shells, to spheres, to transitions in diameter, to heads, or to flat-sided
U3 High Pressure Vessels. UV3* safety valves vessels,
UG-99 standard hydrostatic test and
Section IV - Heating Boilers UG-100 pneumatic test of vessels
H * cast iron heating boilers. H wrought steel heatig UW 34 UNSTAYED FLAT HEADS AND COVERS
UG-102 TEST GAGES the range be less than 1 ½ nor
boilers spin holes are permitted at the center of head to facilitate forming not
more than 4 times that pressure. Digital reading pressure
HLW potable water heaters. HV * safety valves greater in dia than 2 3/8 inch finished weld shall be examined & shall meet
gages having a wider range of pressure may be used
the acceptance requirements of Appendix 6 and 8 of DIV IRG exam if
provided the readings give the same or greater degree of
required by UW 11(a)
accuracy as obtained with dial pressure gages.
 TRANS LONG MILD STEEL COATED ELECTRODES Suffix Additional Requirement
MATERIALS DENSITY -1 Increased toughness (impact strength) for E7018 electrodes. Also
E7018-X E Indicates that this is an electrode increased
70 strong this electrode is when welded. Measured in ductility in E7024 electrodes.
ALUMINIUM 2700 3130 6320
thousands of pounds per square inch. -M Meets most military requirements - greater toughness, lower moisture
CAST IRON 6900 2200 5300 1 welding positions it can be used. content as
8 coating, penetration, and current type used.
PERSPEX 1180 1430 2730 received after exposure, diffusible hydrogen limits for weld metal.
X Indicates that there are more requirements.
STEEL LOW -H4 Indicates the maximum diffusible hydrogen limit measured in millimeters
7850 3250 5940 per 100 grams (mL/100g). The 4, 8, and
ALLOY
1 Flat, Horizontal, Vertical (up), Overhead -H8 16 indicates what the limit is. Example: -H4 = 4mL per 100 grams
STEEL CALB
BLOCK
7850 3250 5920 2 Flat, Horizontal -H16
4 Flat, Horizontal, Overhead, Vertical (down)

CHEMICAL SYMBOLS FOR THE ELEMENTS W47.1 – Certification of Companies for Fusion Welding AWS3 ASTM
of Steel
C Carbon Most effective hardening element in steel
A2.4 Standard Symbols for Welding, A 106 Standard Specification for
Mn Manganese Hardening element second to carbon W59 – Welded Steel Construction (Metal Arc Welding) Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for
Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination
High-Temperature Service
Si Silicon Deoxidizer, moderate strengthener W186 – Welding of Reinforcing Bars in Reinforced
Concrete Construction A3.0 Standard Welding Terms and
P Phosphorus Causes cracking if too high Definitions A 335 Standard Specification for
S Sulfur Aids in machining - Cracking problems like P W47.2 – Certification of Companies for Fusion Welding Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe
of Aluminum B1.10 Guide for the Nondestructive for High-Temperature Service
Cr Chromium Hardness (low) - corrosion resistance (high) Inspection of Welds
Ni Nickel Hardening element - better cold toughness W59.2 – Welded Aluminum Construction A 956 Standard Test Method for
CM-00 Certification Manual for Welding Leeb Hardness Testing of Steel
Mo Molybdenum Hardenability - high temp tensile - creep ASME Inspectors Products
strength B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
AWSD1.1 – Structural Welding Code – Steel A 1038 Standard Practice for
B Boron Very small amounts increase hardness B16.9 Factory-Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding Portable Hardness Testing by the
Cu Copper Corrosion resistance (low) - cracking (high) Fittings AWSD1.3 – Structural Welding Code – Sheet Ultrasonic Contact Impedance
Steel Method
Al Aluminum Deoxidizer - improves mechanical properties B16.34 Valves—Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End
AWSD1.6 – Structural Welding Code – E 94 Standard Guide for
Ti Titanium Removes: Oxygen, S, N, and C
Stainless Steel
B31.1 Power Piping Radiographic Examination
N Nitrogen Improves strength - lowers toughness
Cb Columbium Hardness - Improves mechanical properties E 1316 Standard Terminology for
Nondestructive Examinations
V Vanadium Hardness - Improves mechanical properties

API RP 582 Recommended Practice and Supplementary Welding Guidelines for the Chemical, Oil, and
API 510 Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: Maintenance, Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration Gas Industries
API 570 Piping Inspection Code: Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Rerating of In-Service Piping Std. 650 Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage
Systems Std. 653 Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Reconstruction
RP 574 Inspection Practices for Piping System Components RP 2201 Procedures for Welding or Hot Tapping on Equipment in Service
RP 578 Material Verification Program for New and Existing Alloy Piping Systems
Critical Crack Tip Macro-examination, QW-183 procedures Tables
Opening Displacement (CTOD) Testing QW-184 performance TESTS ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
Welding
British Standard, BS 7448. Part 1-1991: Amd 1: August 1999. Mechanical tests, QW-141, QW-202.1, QW-302.1 bend and hammer, QW-192.2 variables, QW-
“Fracture Mechanics Toughness Tests. Part 1. Method for determination of QW-141.1 Tension Tests. fracture tests, QW-182 415,
KIC, critical CTOD and critical J values of metallic materials”. QW-141.2 Guided-Bend Tests.
guided bend, QW-163 QW-416
QW-141.3 Fillet-Weld Tests
ASTM E1290-93 “Crack-Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) Fracture QW-141.4 Notch-Toughness Tests. macro-examination, QW-183, QW-184,
Toughness Measurement” QW-192.1.4 P-Numbers,
Multiple positions, QW/QB-422
notch-toughness tests
ASTM E1290-93 “Crack-Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) Fracture
Toughness Measurement” QW-122.3 Multiple Position 5G, Pipe with its axis Charpy V-notch, QW-171.2 F-Numbers,
horizontal and with the welding groove in a vertical plane. drop weight, QW-172.2 QW-432
ASTM E399-90 “Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials”
QW-122.4 Multiple Position 6G. Pipe with its axis radiography, QW-191.1.2 A-Numbers,
Crack Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) at room temperature, according to inclined at 45 deg to horizontal. tension, QW-153 QW-442
British torque test, QW-192.3
Standard, BS 7448. Part 1-1991, on three point bend specimens. The mechanical QW-132.4 Multiple Position 5F. Pipe with its axis Procedure
properties of the material were: horizontal and the axis of the deposited weld in the vertical ultrasonic, QW-191.2.3
qualification
· proof strength at 0.2% at the test temperature: 602 MPa plane. requalification of procedures, QW-100.3 specimens,
· Young’s modulus: 210,000 MPa
QW-451
· Poisson’s ratio: 0.3.
plate — procedure qualification alternate,
test specimens, QW-462 QW-463.2(b) Performance
PART QW tension — reduced section — plate, QW-462.1(a) qualification
tension — reduced section — pipe, QW-462.1(b) plate — procedure qualification longitudinal, specimens,
tension — reduced section — pipe alternate, QW-462.1(c) QW-463.2(c) QW-452
Dimensions
tension — reduced section — turned specimen, QW-462.1(d)
9 tension — full section — small diameter pipe, QW-462.1(e) pipe — performance qualification,
of welding groove with backing for performance qualification, QW-310.2 side bend, QW-462.2 QW-463.2(d) Performance
of welding groove without backing for performance qualification, QW-310.3 face and root bends transverse, QW-462.3(a) qualification
of tension test specimen, QW-462.1 face and root bends longitudinal, QW-462.3(b) pipe — performance qualification alternate, limitations,
of bend test specimen, QW-462.2 fillet welds — procedure, QW-462.4(a) QW-463.2(e) QW-461.9
of test jigs, QW-466 fillet welds — performance, QW-462.4(b)
of groove welds for procedure qualification, QW-212 fillet welds in pipe — performance, QW-462.4(c) pipe — performance qualification 10 in.
fillet welds in pipe — procedure, QW-462.4(d) diameter, QW-463.2(f)
Radiography, QW-142, QW-143, QW-191 corrosion-resistant overlay, QW-462.5
acceptance criteria, QW-191.1.2 composite test plates, QW-462.6 pipe — performance qualification 6 in. or 8 in.
spot welds, QW-462.8–QW-462.11 diameter,QW-463.2(g)
for performance qualification, QW-302.2, QW-304
order of removal, QW-463
retests and renewal of qualification, QW-320 plates — procedure qualification, QW-463.1(a) pipe — performance qualification fillet weld,
plates — procedure qualification alternate, QW-463.1(b) QW-463.2(h)
Renewal of qualification, QW-322 plates — procedure qualification longitudinal, QW-463.1(c)
Requalification, QW-350 pipe — procedure qualification, QW-463.1(d) Shielding gas, QW-408.1, QW-408.2, QW-
Responsibility of records, QW-103.2 pipe — procedure qualification alternate, QW-463.1(e) 408.3, QW-408.4, QW-408.6
Responsibility of welding, QW-103.1, QW-201 pipe — notch toughness specimen location, QW-463.1(f)
Retests, QW-321 plate — procedure qualification, QW-463.2(a) Shielded metal-arc welding
variables for procedure, QW-253
variables, QW-353

Section IX Qualification Standard for Welding and
Brazing Procedures, Welders, Brazers, and Welding and
Brazing Operations
Part QW – Welding
Part QW I - General Requirements
Part QW II - Welding Procedure Qualifications
Part QW III - Welding Performance Qualifications
Part QW IV - Welding Data
Part QW V - Standard Welding Procedure
Specifications
Appendices
Appendix A Mandatory - Submittal of Technical
Inquiries
Appendix B Non-mandatory - Welding and Brazing
Forms
Appendix D Non-mandatory - P-Number Listing
Appendix E Mandatory - Permitted SWPs
Mandatory Appendices
Appendix 1 - Supplementary Design Formulas
Appendix 2 - Rules for Bolted Flange Connections with
Ring Type Gaskets
Appendix 3 - Definitions
Appendix 4 - Rounded Indication Charts Acceptance
Standard
Appendix 6 - Methods for Magnetic Particle
Examination (MT)
Appendix 7 - Examination of Steel Castings
Appendix 8 - Methods for Liquid Penetrant Examination
(PT)
Appendix 10 - Quality Control System
Appendix 12 - Ultrasonic Examination of Welds (UT)
Appendix 13 - Vessels of Noncircular Cross Section
Appendix 14 - Integral Flat Heads with a Large, Single,
Circular, Centrally-Located Opening
E 433 Reference Photographs for Liquid Penetrant Inspection
9.1.2 Because volatile solvents leave the surface quickly without reaction under normal examination procedures, penetrant materials are normally subjected to an evaporation procedure to remove the solvents before the materials are analyzed for
impurities. The residue from this procedure is then analyzed in accordance with Test Method D 129, Test Method D 1552, or Test Method D 129 decomposition followed by Test Method D 516, Method B (Turbidimetric Method) for sulfur. The residue
may also be analyzed by Test Method D 808 or Annex A2 on Methods for Measuring Total Chlorine Content in Combustible
Article 23 Ultrasonic Standards
SA-388/SA-388M Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Heavy Steel 365
(ASTM A 388/A Forgings
SA-435/SA-435M Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination
of [ASTM A 435/A Steel Plates .
SA-577/SA-577M Standard Specification for Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Examination of
[ASTM A 577/A Steel Plates
SA-578/SA-578M Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination
of (ASTM A 578/A Rolled Steel Plates for Special Applications.
SA-609/SA-609M Standard Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy, and
Martensitic [ASTM A 609/A Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic Examination Thereof .
SA-745/SA-745M Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel
[ASTM A 745/A Forgings
SB-548 Standard Method for Ultrasonic Inspection of Aluminum-Alloy Plate (ASTM
B 548-03) for Pressure Vessels
SE-114 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Straight-Beam
[ASTM E 114-95 Examination by the Contact Method
SE-213 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipe and (ASTM E
213-04) Tubing
SE-273 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of the Weld Zone of [ASTM E
273-01 Welded Pipe and Tubing.
SE-797 Standard Practice for Measuring Thickness by Manual Ultrasonic (ASTM E
797-05) Pulse-Echo Contact Method
SE-2491 Standard Guide for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of (ASTM E
2491-06) Phased-Array Ultrasonic Examination Instruments and Systems
Article 24 Liquid Penetrant Standards
SD-129 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General
[ASTM D 129-00 Bomb Method (R2005)]
SD-516 Standard Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water (ASTM D 516-07)
SD-808 Standard Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used Petroleum
(ASTM D 808-05) Products (Bomb Method) . .
SD-1552 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (High-
(ASTM D 1552-07) Temperature Method).
SE-165 Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination (ASTM E 165-02)
SUBSECTION A NONDESTRUCTIVE
METHODS OF EXAMINATION .
Article 1 General Requirements
Article 2 Radiographic Examination.
Tables
T-233.1 Hole-Type IQI Designation, Thickness, and
Hole Diameters .
T-233.2 Wire IQI Designation, Wire Diameter, and
Wire Identity .
T-276 IQI Selection.
T-283 Equivalent Hole-Type IQI Sensitivity.
Article 4 Ultrasonic Examination Methods for
Welds
Article 5 Ultrasonic Examination Methods for
Materials
Article 6 Liquid Penetrant Examination
Article 7 Magnetic Particle Examination.
Article 9 Visual Examination.
Article 25 Magnetic Particle Standards
SD-1186 Standard Test Methods for Nondestructive
Measurement of Dry (ASTM D 1186-01) Film
Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to a
Ferrous Base
SE-709 Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle
Examination .
(ASTM E 709-01)
SUBSECTION B Documents Adopted by Section V
Article 22 Radiographic Standards
SE-94 Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination
(ASTM E 94-04)
SE-747 Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, and
Material Grouping (ASTM E 747-04) Classification of
Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology .
SE-999 Standard Guide for Controlling the Quality of
Industrial Radiographic (ASTM E 999-05) Film Processing.
SE-1025 Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, and
Material Grouping (ASTM E 1025-05) Classification of
Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for
Radiology.
SE-1030 Standard Test Method for Radiographic
Examination of Metallic (ASTM E 1030-05) Castings.
SE-1114 Standard Test Method for Determining the Focal
Size of Iridium-192 (ASTM E 1114-03) Industrial
Radiographic Sources
SE-1165 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Focal
Spots of Industrial (ASTM E 1165-04) X-Ray Tubes by
Pinhole Imaging.
SE-1255 Standard Practice for Radioscopy [ASTM E 1255-
96
(R2002)]
SE-1416 Standard Test Method for Radioscopic
Examination of Weldments .(ASTM E 1416-04)
SE-1647 Standard Practice for Determining Contrast
Sensitivity in Radiology. (ASTM E 1647-03)
T-762 Lifting Power of Yokes
(b) Each alternating current electromagnetic yoke shall
have a lifting power of at least 10 lb (4.5 kg) at the
maximum
pole spacing that will be used.
(c) Each direct current or permanent magnetic yoke
shall have a lifting power of at least 40 lb (18 kg) at the
maximum pole spacing that will be used.

METAL-ARC GAS SHIELDED, FLUX CORE AND
GMAW
METAL INERT GAS (MIG)
METAL ACTIVE GAS (MAG)
TYPE OF OPERATION
MANUAL, MECHANIZED OR AUTOMATIC
POWER SOURCE
GENERATOR, TRANSFORMER & RECTIFIER
CURRENT
NORMALLY DC+ VE (CONSTANT VOLTAGE)
SHIELDING GAESE
ARGON, HYDROGEN, NITROGEN, HELIUM FOR
NON-FERROUS METALS
ARGON+OXYGEN(1-5) FOR STAINLESS STEEL
ARGON + CO2 (2-25) FOR CARBON AND LOW ALLOY
STEEL
CONSUMABLE
SOLID WIRE, CORED WIRE, SEIF SHIELDED WIRE,
RUTILE CORED WIRE, BASIC CORED WIRE.
METAL CORED WIRE ( Ø 0.8MM ~ 1.6 MM)
ACCORDING TO BS 2901
GASES ACCORDING TO BS 4365 & BS 4105
MODE OF METAL TRANSFER
SPRAY OR FREE FLIGHT : GIVE HIGH DEPOSITION
RATE AND DEEP PENETRATION WELDS, SUITED TO
THICK MATERIALS EXCEPT LIGHT ALLOYS.
DIP TRANSFER: USED FOR THINNER SECTIONS AND
FOR ALL POSITIONAL WELDING INCLUDING V/D.
GLOBULAR TRANSFER: INTERMEDIATE RANGE
BETWEEN SPRAY AND DIP TRANSFER MODE, NO
MANUAL APPLICATION AND SUCCESS ON
MECHANIZE AND AUTOMATIC.
PULSED: ARC IS MODIFIED FORM OF SPRAY MODE.
GIVE HIGH DEPOSITION RATE AND FOR ALL
POSITION WELDING
WELD DEFECTS
LACK OF FUSION OCCURS IN DIP TRANSFER MODE.
SILICA INCLUSIONS (WITH STEEL ONLY).
SOLIDIFICATION (CENTRELINE) CRACKING. IN
SPRAY MODE TRANSFER
POROSITY. LACK OF PENETRATION. UNDERCUT.
SPATTER. CRATER CRACKING
MANUAL METAL ARC (MMA) WELDING, ALSO
KNOWN AS SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING
(SMAW),
DROOPING CHARACTERISTICS ( CONSTANT
CURRENT)
TYPE OF OPERATION
MANUAL
POWER SOURCE
GENERATOR, TRANSFORMER AND RECTIFIER
CURRENT
DC+ VE ALSO USED DC – VE OR AC
DC + VE BEST PENETRATION
DC- VE DEPOSIT IS HIGH
CONSUMABLE
BS EN 499, AWS A5.1, ISO 2560, BS 2926, BS 2493
BASIC E7018, E7015, E7016
RUTILE E6013, E382R
CELLULOSIC E7010, E8010
PRINCIPAL CONSUMABLES. (ELECTRODES)
BASIC – LOW HYDROGEN POTENTIAL. USED ON
‘CRITICAL’ WELDS.
RUTILE – FOR GENERAL PURPOSE NON-CRITICAL
APPLICATIONS.
CELLULOSIC – HIGH IN HYDROGEN. USED FOR
VERTICAL DOWN ‘STOVEPIPE’ WELDING.
IRON POWER – HIGH DEPOSITION IN FLAT AND HV
POSITIONS. TOUGHNESS MAY SUFFER.
WELD DEFECTS
LACK OF FUSION/PENETRATION.
POROSITY. SLAG INCLUSION. UNDERCUT. SPATTER.
OTHER TYPICAL DEFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH MMA
INCLUDE:
EXCESS PENETRATION. OVERLAP. STRAY FLASH.
CRATER CRACKS.
TUNGSTEN INERT GAS WELDING (TIG) BS 3019
SUBMERGED ARC WELDING ( SAW) OR
GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING – GTAW
(SA)
DROOPING CHARACTERISTICS ( CONSTANT CURRENT) ARC
FLAT ARC PROCESS - (CONSTANT VOLT)
PROCESS
TYPE OF OPERATION
TYPE OF OPERATION
MECHANIZED OR AUTOMATIC OR SEMI
MANUAL. MECHANIZED
AUTOMATIC
POWER SOURCE
GENERATOR, TRANSFORMER AND RECTIFIER
CURRENT
CURRENT
DC + VE BEST PENETRATION
NORMALLY DC+ VE CAN BE USED WITH AC FOR LIGHT
DC- VE FAST BURN OF RATE FOR LOWER
ALLOYS
DILUTION
AC MULTY WIRE, TO AVOID ARC BLOW
DC ELECTRODE THORIATED TUNGSTEN. AC ELECTRODE
ZIRCONIATED TUNGSTEN WITH BALLED TIP, ELECTRODE
DIAMETER DEPENDS ON DEGREE OF BALANCE ON AC
WAVEFORM.
AC IS NEEDED FOR MOST WORK ON ALUMINIUM.
CONSUMABLE
SOLID WIRE USED Ø 1.6MM TO 6 MM)
CONSUMABLE ACCORDING TO BS 4165, BS 5465 AND
WIRES ACCORDING TO BS 2901 PT 1-5 AWS A 5.17
GASES ACCORDING TO BS 4105 & BS 4365
FUSED AND AGGIOMERATED
ACCORDANCE TO BS 4165, BS 5465 AND
AWS A5.17
SHIELDING GAESE
ARGON USED FOR SHIELDING BUT NITROGEN, HELIUM
ACTIVATED 1% THORIATED USED WITH DC – VE FOR ALL
MATERIALS EXCEPT LIGHT ALLOYS
ACTIVATED 2% THORIATED USED ARC STABILITY WITH LOW
AMP USED DC – VE FOR ALL MATERIALS EXCEPT LIGHT
ALLOYS
ACTIVATED ZIRCONIATED USED WITH AC ON LIGHT ALLOYS
DC 1-3.2 MM
AC 1-6.4MM
WELD DEFECTS
POROSITY. LACK OF PENETRATION
TUNGSTEN INCLUSIONS. LACK OF FUSION. SURFACE
OXIDATION. SPATTER. CRATER CRACKING. WELD DEFECTS
OTHER TYPICAL TIG DEFECTS INCLUDE: SLAG INCLUSION. UNDERCUT
UNDERCUT. BURNTHROUGH. EXCESS PENETRATION.
UNEQUAL LEG LENGTHS.
 EUROPEAN STANDARDS FOR FUSION WELDING
DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
ARC WELDING
IMPACT EN ISO 9016 ACCEPTANCE LEVELS FOR NDT
STEEL ALUMINIUM
TENSILE LONG EN ISO 5178 RADIGRAPHIC EN ISO 10675-1. 2 & 3
INSPECTION & TESTING DURING WELDING EN ISO 11666, 15626.
TENSILE PERP EN ISO 4136 ULTRASONIC
22825
MEASUREMENT OF PREHEAT EN ISO 13916 MAGNETIC
TENSILE CRUC EN ISO 9018 EN ISO 23278
AND INTERPASS TEMP PARTICLE

EN 1011- 2 &3 BEND EN ISO 5173 PENETRANT EN ISO 23277

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EN 1011-4
ISO/TR 17671-2 & -
WELDING ISO/TR 17671-4 EN ISO 5817 FOR ALL
3 FRACTURE EN ISO 9017 VISUAL
IMPRFNS
COMPARISON OF METHODS
FOR AVOIDANCE OF COLD HARDNESS EN ISO 9015-1&2
CEN ISO/TR 17844 NA
CRACKS
JOINT DETAILS (Pre Comp/
INSPECTION & TESTING EN 1708-1&3
EN ISO 17635 MACROSCOPIC EN ISO 17639 steel constr)
AFTER WELDING
NDT – GENERAL RULES EN ISO 17637

VISUAL TESTING HOT CRACK EN ISO 17641-1. 2 & 3

EN ISO 17636-1 &

RADIGRAPHIC TESTING COLD CRACK EN ISO 17642-1. 2 & 3
2
ULTRASONIC TESTING EN ISO 17640
MAGNETIC PARTICLE QUALITY LEVELS & JOINTS
EN ISO 17638
TESTING STEEL ALUMINIUM
MACRO- MICROSCOPIC
EN ISO 17639 QUAL. LEV. FW
TESTING EN ISO 5817 EN ISO 10042
(NOT BEAM)
PENETRANT TESTING EN ISO 3452-1 QUAL. LEV FOR
EN ISO 9013
POST WELD HEAT CUTTING
EN ISO 17663
TREATMENT JOINT EN ISO 9692-1
EN ISO 9692-3
PREPARATION &2
CALIBRATION/VALIDATION EN ISO 17662
 Pure Iron at Various Temperatures Carbon and Alloying Effects on Iron Main Stainless Families
What is a Stainless Steel? Liquid Liquid • Martensitic - magnetic and hardenable
2800°F (1538°C) - Solidification 2800°F (1538°C) - Solidification • Ferritic - magnetic and non-hardenable
• At least 10.5% Chromium Delta Ferrite (BCC) Delta Ferrite (BCC) • Austenitic - non-magnetic and non-hardenable
• Iron content exceeds that of any other 2541°F (1394°C) - Transformation 2541°F (1394°C) - Transformation • Duplex - magnetic and non-hardenable
element Austenite (FCC) Austenite (FCC) • Precipitation hardening
• Carbon less than 1.5% 1674°F (912°C) - Transformation Below 800°F (425°C) - Transformation
Alpha Ferrite (BCC) Martensite (BCT)
Procedure for Welding Martensitic Pitting Corrosion ASTM G48A Pitting Test
Stainless Steels Above 0.3% Carbon • chlorides 6% FeCl3 in water
• Preheat and Interpass Temperature: • increasing temperature Vary temperature in 2.5°C increments
350-400°C (630-720°F) (Keep weld austenitic throughout • microbes Expose for 72 hours
welding) Localized attack of otherwise unaffected stainless steel. Look for pits, or weight loss
• Immediately after welding, without cooling: Pitting is promoted Critical Pitting Temperature (CPT)
heat to 650-700°C (1200-1300°F) and hold several hours Cures for Pitting In a standardized pitting test,
(Transform weld to ferrite plus carbide) In Stainless Steel such as ASTM G48, CPT can be:
• Or, immediately after welding, without • Increase Cr Highest temperature at which no
cooling: heat to 900-1000°C (1650-1830°F), air-cool to • Increase Mo pits occur, or
room temperature, temper to desired hardness • Increase N Lowest temperature at which pits
Define Pitting Resistance Index: occur
PREN = Cr + 3.3Mo + 16N
Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) Cures for Chloride SCC Valves are used for main three purposes listed below.
• Chlorides in water solutions promote • Lots of ferrite (duplex stainless) or third Welder Qualification Weld Deposit “t” For Isolation of flow.
SCC. generation ferritic stainless.  ASME For Regulation of flow.
• Tensile stress is necessary - weld • Lots of nickel, molybdenum, and -Up to and including 3/8” thick qualifies 2t For avoiding the reversal of the flow.
residual stresses often enough. nitrogen (“super-austenitics”) or nickel -Over 3/8” qualifies 2t
• Austenitic stainless steels like 304 and base alloys. -1/2” & over with minimum of 3 layers of weld metal The valves used for isolation cannot be used for regulation
316 are most susceptible to SCC. qualifies for the maximum to be welded but other way round is possible.
SFA-5.01……………………..Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines Various types of valves.
 AWS D1.1
SFA-5.02/SFA-5.02M………..Filler Metal Standard Sizes, Packaging, and Physical Attributes 1) Gate valve
-1/8”  t  3/8” qualifies for 2t
SFA-5.1/SFA-5.1M ………….Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding 2) Ball valve
SFA-5.2/SFA-5.2M…………..Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Rods for Oxyfuel Gas Welding -3/8” < t < 1” qualifies for 2t 3) Plug valve
SFA-5.3/SFA-5.3M…………. Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding. -1” and over qualifies for unlimited 4) Butterfly valve
SFA-5.4/SFA-5.4M ………….Stainless Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding . 5) Globe valve
SFA-5.5/SFA-5.5M…………..Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding . 6) Needle valve
SFA-5.6/SFA-5.6M…………..Copper and Copper-Alloy Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding. . 7) Check valve
SFA-5.7/SFA-5.7M…………..Copper and Copper-Alloy Bare Welding Rods and Electrodes . 8) Control valve (Handled by Instrumentation Department)
SFA-5.8/SFA-5.8M…………..Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Welding. 9) Pressure relief valve or Safety valve (Handled by
SFA-5.9/SFA-5.9M…………..Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods . Instrumentation Department)
SFA-5.10/SFA-5.10M………..Bare Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods .
SFA-5.11/SFA-5.11M………..Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Welding Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding Valves Material:
SFA-5.12/SFA-5.12M……….Tungsten and Oxide Dispersed Tungsten Electrodes for Arc Welding and Cutting
SFA-5.13…………………….Surfacing Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding. . Forged Steel Cast Steel
SFA-5.14/SFA-5.14M……….Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Bare Welding Electrodes and Rods. CS ASTM A 105 ASTM A 216 Gr WCB.
SFA-5.15…………………….Welding Electrodes and Rods for Cast Iron . LTCS ASTM A 350 Gr LF2 ASTM A 352 Gr LCB.
SFA-5.16/SFA-5.16M……….Titanium and Titanium-Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods . LAS ASTM A 182 Gr F11 ASTM A 217 Gr WC6.
SFA-5.17/SFA-5.17M……….Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding. ASTM A 182 Gr F22 ASTM A 217 Gr WC9.
SFA-5.18/SFA-5.18M……….Carbon Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding ASTM A 182 Gr F9.
SFA-5.20/SFA-5.20M……… Carbon Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding . SS ASTM A 182 Gr F304 ASTM A 351 Gr CF8.
SFA-5.21…………………….Bare Electrodes and Rods for Surfacing ASTM A 182 Gr F304L ASTM A 351 Gr CF8M.
SFA-5.22 ……………………Stainless Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding and Stainless Steel Flux Cored Rods ASTM A 182 Gr F316 ASTM A 351 Gr CF3M.
for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding. ASTM A 182 Gr F316L ASTM A 351 Gr CF3C.
SFA-5.23/SFA-5.23M Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding . ASTM A 182 Gr F321.
SFA-5.24/SFA-5.24M……….Zirconium and Zirconium-Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods
SFA-5.25/SFA-5.25M……….Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Electroslag Welding. .
SFA-5.26/SFA-5.26M……….Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Electrogas Welding
SFA-5.28/SFA-5.28M……….Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding.
SFA-5.29/SFA-5.29M……….Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding.
SFA-5.30/SFA-5.30M……….Consumable Inserts
SFA-5.31 ……………………Fluxes for Brazing and Braze Welding
SFA-5.32/SFA-5.32M ………Welding Shielding Gases.
SFA-5.34/SFA-5.34M ………Nickel-Alloy Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding
ASME Section IX WeldCanada.com
Quick Review on Essential Variables
1-Guide (Preheat)
The need for and the temperature of preheat are dependent upon a number of factors such
as chemical analysis, degree of restraint of the parts being joined, elevated temperature
mechanical properties, and material thicknesses.
When welding two different P-Number materials, the minimum preheat temperature
required shall be the higher temperature for the material to be welded. Also, thickness
referred to for the minimum preheat is the greater of the nominal thicknesses at the weld
of the parts to be joined.
2-Guide (Postweld Heat Treatment)
When pressure parts of two different P-Number groups are joined by welding, the PWHT 5G F, V, OH
shall be that specified according to ASME Table and applicable notes for the material
requiring the higher PWHT temperature. When a non-pressure part is welded to a
pressure part, the maximum PWHT temperature shall not exceed the maximum
temperature acceptable for the pressure retaining part.
The term thickness governing PWHT, as shown in ASME Tables, is the thickness of the
weld or the thinner of the sections being joined, whichever is least.
For fillet welds, the nominal thickness is the throat thickness, and for partial penetration 5F All
and material repair welds, the nominal thickness is the depth of the weld groove or
preparation. For combination groove and fillet welds, nominal thickness is:
(a) ASME Section I, PW-39.3; the total combined thickness of the deposited weld,
groove depth plus fillet weld throat.
(b) ASME Section VIII-Division 1, UW-40 (f); the nominal thickness is the depth of the * Vertical uphill to downhill or vice versa is essential variable
groove or the throat dimension, whichever is greater.
3-Guide (Heat input)
ASME Section IX, QW-400: An increase in heat input, over that qualified, is
Supplementary Essential variable, and therefore needs re-qualification for impacted test
applications only.
The increase may be measured by the following:
Heat input [J /in. (J/mm)] = (Voltage x Amperage x 60)/ Travel Speed [in./min and EGW process
(mm/min)]
The requirement for measuring the heat input does not apply when the WPS is qualified
with a PWHT above the upper transformation temperature or a solution anneal after
welding austenitic materials.
4-Guide (Joints)
Sketches, Production Drawings, Weld Symbols or Written Description should show the
general arrangement of the parts to be welded. Where applicable, the root spacing and
the details of weld groove may be specified. At the option of the Manufacturer, sketches
may be attached to illustrate joint design, weld layers and bead sequence, e.g., for notch
toughness procedures, for multiple process procedures, etc.
ASME Section IX, QW-250: A change in the type of groove (Vee groove, U-groove,
single-bevel, double-bevel, etc.) is not essential.
Groove Design of Test Coupon for PQR:
ASME Section IX, QW-212: Except as otherwise provided in QW-250, the type and
dimensions of the welding groove are not essential variables.
For combination qualifications, the deposited weld metal thickness shall be recorded for
each filler metal or process used.
5-Guide (Position)
ASME Section IX, QW-212: Vertical-uphill progression (e.g., 3G, 5G, or 6G position) Qualified Thickness Range: 1/8 in. (3 mm) Min., 2S Max.
for PQR, qualifies WPS for all positions.
ASME Section IX, QW-203: Unless specifically required otherwise by the welding
variables (QW-250), a qualification in any position qualifies the procedure for all
position.
AWS D1.1 (Structural Welding Code-Steel)
Quick Review on Essential Variables
1-Guide (Position)
AWS D1.1, Table 4.1, WPS Qualification
CJP Groove Weld (Plate or Tubular), or
Fillet Weld (Plate or Tubular) Qualification Test:
Position Tested Position Qualified*
1G, 1G (Rotated) F
2G F, H
3G V
4G OH
(2G+5G), 6G, 6GR All
1F, 1F (Rotated) F
2F, 2F (Rotated) F, H
3F V
4F (Plate) OH
4F (Tubular) F, H, OH
* CJP Groove Qualify CJP, PJP and Fillet Welds
* Fillet Qualify Fillet only
* Groove weld on plate qualifies pipes equal to or greater than
24 in [600 mm] nominal outer diameter.
* Plug/Slot Welding Qualifies for Only the Positions Tested
See AWS D1.1, Table 4.5: PQR Essential Variables (except
ESW and EGW process), for Non-CVN Testing Applications
See AWS D1.1, Table 4.6: PQR Supplementary Essential
Variables (except ESW and EGW process), for CVN Testing
Applications
See AWS D1.1, Table 4.7: PQR Essential Variables for ESW
2-Guide (Thickness/Diameter of Base Metal Range)
Test on Plate, CJP Groove Welds:
T: Thickness of Test Coupon Welded
T from 1/8 in. (3 mm), but less than 1 in. (25 mm):
Qualified Thickness Range: 1/8 in. (3 mm) Min., 2T Max.
T from 1 in. (25 mm) and over:
Qualified Thickness Range: 1/8 in. (3 mm) Min., Unlimited
T test on ESW and EGW:
Qualified Thickness Range: 0.5T Min., 1.1T Max.
Note “d” of AWS D1.1, Table 4.2: CJP groove weld
qualification on any thickness or diameter shall qualify
any size of fillet or PJP groove weld for any thickness or
diameter (see Clause 4.11.3 for Macroetch tests requirement).
Test on Plate (Pipe), PJP Groove Welds:
S: Thickness of Test Groove Depth
S from 1/8 in. (3 mm), to 3/8 in. (10 mm):
S over 3/8 in. (10 mm) to 1 in. (25 mm), incl.:
Qualified Thickness Range: 1/8 in. (3 mm) Min., Unlimited
Note “d” of AWS D1.1, Table 4.3: Any PJP qualification
shall also qualify any fillet weld size on any thickness.
4-Guide (Base Metal Selection)
AWS D1.1 Table 4.8:
Table 3.1, Table 4.9 and Unlisted Steels Qualified by PQR
PQR Base Metal:
WPS Base Metal Group Combinations Allowed by PQR
Any Group I Steel to Any Group I Steel:
Any Group I Steel to Any Group I Steel
Any Group II Steel to Any Group II Steel:
Any Group II Steel to Any Group II Steel
Any Group II Steel to Any Group I Steel
Any Group I Steel to Any Group I Steel
Any Specific Group III Steel to Any Group I Steel:
The Specific PQR Group III Steel Tested to Any Group I
Any Specific Group III Steel to Any Group II Steel:
The Specific PQR Group III Steel Tested to Any Group I
or Group II Steel
Any Specific Table 4.9 Steel to Any Group I Steel:
The Specific PQR Table 4.9 Steel Tested to Any Group I
Any Specific Table 4.9 Steel to Any Group II Steel:
The Specific PQR Table 4.9 Steel Tested to Any Group I or
Group II Steel
Any Group III Steel to Any Group III Steel (or)
Any Group IV Steel to Any Group IV Steel (or)
Any Table 4.9 Steel to Any Table 4.9 Steel:
Steels shall be of the same material specification,
grade/type and minimum yield strength as the Steels
listed in the PQR
Any combination of Group III, IV, and Table 4.9 Steels:
Only the Specific Combination of Steels listed in the PQR
Any Unlisted Steel to Any Unlisted Steel or
Any Steel Listed in Table 3.1 or Table 4.9:
Only the Specific Combination of Steels listed in the PQR
Note: Groups I through IV are found in Table 3.1
5-Guide (Preheat)
The need for and the temperature of preheat are dependent
upon a number of factors such as chemical analysis, degree of
restraint of the parts being joined, elevated temperature,
mechanical properties, and material thicknesses.
When welding two different material groups, the minimum
preheat temperature required shall be the higher temperature
for the material to be welded. For prequalified procedures,
preheat applicable to the higher strength group, as per Note 1
of Table 3.1-AWS D1.1. Also, thickness referred to for the
minimum preheat is the greater of the nominal thicknesses at
the weld of the parts to be joined.
AWS D1.1, Table 4.5: Decrease from preheat and interpass
temperature above 25 F (15 C) [100 F (55 C) for GTAW] is
essential variable.
Note: AWS D1.1, Table 4.5 PQR Essential Variables (except
ESW and EGW process), for Non-CVN Testing Applications
6-Guide (Filler Metal)
ASME Section IX, QW-250: Filler metal categories, F-No. and A-No., are essential
variables. For Non-impacted test applications only, AWS or SFA specification
classifications with the same F-No. and the same A-No. and the same minimum tensile
strength and the same nominal chemical composition can be used with the same WPS.
7-Guide (Thickness of Base Metal Range)
T: Thickness of Test Coupon Welded
T less than 1/16 in. (1.5 mm):
Qualified Thickness Range: T Min., 2T Max.
T from 1/16 in. to 3/8 in. (1.5 mm to 10 mm), incl.:
Qualified Thickness Range: 1/16 in. (1.5 mm) Min., 2T Max.
T over 3/8 in. (10 mm), but less than 1-1/2 in. (38 mm):
Qualified Thickness Range: 3/16 in. (5 mm) Min., 2T Max.
T from 1-1/2 in. (38 mm) and over:
Qualified Thickness Range: 3/16 in. (5 mm) Min., 8 in. (200 mm) Max.
See Notes of Table QW-451.1 of ASME Section IX, for restriction on qualified
thickness range for short-circuiting transfer mode of GMAW process, etc.; also when
testing longitudinal-bend tests only 2T Max. for all of the above T ranges, See Table
QW-451.2
QW-211 of ASME Section IX:
Qualification in plate also qualifies for pipe welding and vice versa.
Qualified Diameter Range: All Nominal Pipe (Tube) Sizes.
FILLET-WELDS Qualified Range is all fillet sizes on all base metal thicknesses and
all diameters as per Table QW-451
8-Guide (Thickness of Weld Metal Range)
T: Thickness of Test Coupon Welded
T less than 3/4 in. (19 mm):
Qualified Deposited Weld Metal Thickness t: 2 t
T from 3/4 in. (19 mm) to less than 1-1/2 in. (38 mm):
Qualified Deposited Weld Metal Thickness t:
2 t when t < 3/4 in. (19 mm) and 2T when t >= 3/4 in. (19 mm)
T from1-1/2 in. (38 mm) and over:
Qualified Deposited Weld Metal Thickness t:
2 t when t < 3/4 in. (19 mm) and 2T when t >= 3/4 in. (19 mm)
See Notes of Table QW-451.2 of ASME Section IX, for restriction on qualified
thickness range for short-circuiting transfer mode of GMAW process, etc.; also when
testing longitudinal-bend tests only 2 t for all of the above T ranges, See Table QW-451.2
FILLET-WELDS Qualified Range is all fillet sizes on all base metal thicknesses and
all diameters as per Table QW-451
Fillet Weld WPS Qualification (Qualify all Plate/Pipe
Thickness): Test shall be based on Max. single pass and Min.
multiple pass fillet weld size to be used in construction
(See AWS D1.1, Table 4.4).
3-Guide (Diameter of Base Metal Range)
Test on Pipe (Tube), CJP Groove Welds:
a) Job Size Test Pipes:
Diameter over or less than 24 in. (600 mm OD)
T from 1/8 in. (3 mm) to 3/8 in. (10 mm), incl.:
Qualified Thickness Range: 1/8 in. (3 mm) Min., 2T Max.
T over 3/8 in. (10 mm), but less than 3/4 in. (20 mm):
Qualified Thickness Range: 0.5T Min., 2T Max.
T from 3/4 in. (20 mm) and over:
Qualified Thickness Range: 3/8 in. (10 mm) Min., Unlimited
Qualified Nominal Diameter of Pipe (Tube) Size:
Test diameter and over
b) Standard Test Pipes:
2 in. Sch. 80 (50 mm OD x 6 mm WT) or
3 in. Sch. 40 (75 mm OD x 6 mm WT)
Qualified Thickness Range:
1/8 in. (3 mm) Min., 3/4 in. (20 mm) Max.
Qualified Nominal Diameter of Pipe (Tube) Size:
3/4 in. (20 mm OD) through 4 in. (100 mm OD)
6 in. Sch. 120 (150 mm OD x 14 WT) or
8 in. Sch. 80 (200 mm OD x 12 WT)
Qualified Thickness Range:
3/16 in. (5 mm) Min., Unlimited
Qualified Nominal Diameter of Pipe (Tube) Size:
4 in. (100 mm OD) and over
Note “d” of AWS D1.1, Table 4.2: CJP groove weld
qualification on any thickness or diameter shall qualify
any size of fillet or PJP groove weld for any thickness or
diameter (see Clause 4.11.3 for Macroetch tests requirement).
6-Guide (Joint)
AWS D1.1, Table 4.5: Essential Variables for Joints:
-A change in groove type (e.g., single-V to double-V), except
qualification of any CJP groove weld qualifies for any groove
detail conforming to the requirements of 3.12 (PJP-Figures 3.3)
or 3.13 (CJP-Figures 3.4).
-A decrease in the groove angle and root opening, an increase
in the root face exceeding the tolerances (increase in the groove
angle above 10 degree) for any groove detail conforming to the
requirements of 3.12 (PJP-Figures 3.3) or 3.13 (CJP-Figures
3.4), 3.13.5 and 5.22.4.1 or 5.22.4.2 (Tubular and Nontubular).
-The omission, but not inclusion, of backing or backgouging
-A change in the type of groove to a square groove and vice
versa
Note: AWS D1.1, Table 4.5 PQR Essential Variables (except
ESW and EGW process), for Non-CVN Testing Applications
7-Guide (Heat input)
See AWS D1.1, Table 4.5: PQR Essential Variables (except
ESW and EGW process), for Non-CVN Testing Applications
See AWS D1.1, Table 4.6: PQR Supplementary Essential
Variables (except ESW and EGW process), for CVN Testing
Applications
See AWS D1.1, Table 4.7: PQR Essential Variables for ESW
and EGW process
AWS D1.1, 5.7 Heat Input Control for Quenched and
Tempered Steels: When quenched and tempered steels are
welded, the heat input shall be restricted in conjunction with
the maximum preheat and interpass temperatures required.
Such considerations shall include the additional heat input
produced in simultaneous welding on the two sides of a
common member. The preceding limitations shall be in
conformance with the producer’s recommendations.
The increase may be measured by the following:
Heat input [J /in. (J/mm)] =
(Voltage x Amperage x 60)/ Travel Speed [in./min
(mm/min)]
8-Guide (Welding Process)
Essential Variables for SMAW, SAW, GMAW, FCAW,
GTAW Process:
AWS D1.1, Table 4.5 PQR Essential Variables, for Non-
CVN Testing Applications
AWS D1.1, Table 4.6 PQR Supplementary Essential
Variables, for CVN Testing Applications
Essential Variables for ESW, EGW Process:
AWS D1.1, Table 4.7 PQR Essential Variable Changes
Requiring WPS Re-qualification
 NDT
CODE’S ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
METHOD’S

STRUCTURAL : NON TUBULAR

VT AWS D1.1/D1.1 M 2002 PART 6.9 VI AWS D1.1/D1.1 M 2002 SEC 6 TABLE 6.1

PT ASTM E 165-95 STND TEST METH FOR LP EXAM

MPT ASTM – 709-91 STND PRACTICE FOR MP

AWS D1.1/D1.1 M 2002
UT ASTM E 164-97 STND PRACTICE FOR ULTRASONIC CONTACT EXAM OF WELDMENTS SEC 6, TABLE 6.2 UT ACC- REJ CRITERIA
(STATICALLY LOADED NTC)
AWS D1.1/D1.1 M 2002
RT ASME V, ARTICLE 2, RG EXAM WITH REF TO ASTM 1032-92
PARA 6.12.1 NDT RG TEST ACC- CRITERIA FOR NTC

STRUCTURAL : TUBULAR

PT ASTM E 165-95 STND TEST METH FOR LP EXAM

MPT ASTM – 709-91 STND PRACTICE FOR MP

UT ASTM E 164-97 STND PRACTICE FOR ULTRASONIC CONTACT EXAM OF WELDMENTS AWS S6.13.3 UT ACC CRITERIA TC
AWS D1.1/D1.1 M 2002
RT ASME V, ARTICLE 2, RG EXAM WITH REF TO ASTM 1032-92
PARA 6.12.3 NDT RG TEST ACC- CRITERIA FOR TC

PRESSURE VESSELS
ASME SEC VIII DIV -1APP 8 METHODS FOR PT, 8-4
PT ASTM E 165-95 STND TEST METH FOR LP EXAM
ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS
ASME SEC VIII DIV -1 APP 6 METHODS FOR MT, 6-4
MPT ASTM V – ART 25 MAGNETIC PRACTICE STND PARA 4.2
ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS

UT ASTM E 164-97 STND PRACTICE FOR ULTRASONIC CONTACT EXAM OF WELDMENTS ASME SEC VIII DIV -1, APPD 12 PARA 3, ACC-REJ STND
ASME SEC VIII DIV -1, APPDIX 12 PARA 3, ACC-REJ STND
APP 4 ROUNDED INDICATIONS CHARTS ACCP STAND FOR RG
RT ASTM V – ART 2 RG EXAM
DETERMINED ROUNDED INDICATIONS IN WELDS, 4-3 ACC
CRITERIA
STEEL CASTINGS

(a) MP Exams shall be per App 6 except that acceptance standards shall be as given in 7-3(a)(3) of this Appx.
(b) LP Exams shall be per Appendix 8 except that acceptance standards shall be as given in 7-3(a)(4) of this App
ASME SEC VIII DIV -1 APP 7 EXAM OF STEEL CASTINGS
(c) RG Exams shall be per Article 2 of Section V with acceptance standards as given in 7-3(a)(1) or 7-3(b)(3) of this App.
(d) UT Exams shall be per Article 5 of Section V with acceptance standards as given in 7- 3(b)(3) of this App.