Refrigeration Cycles Refrigeration Cycles

EXAMPLE: Ideal Vapour-Compression Refrigeration Cycle • Sketch thermodynamic property diagram

Refrigerant-134a is the working fluid in an ideal

compression refrigeration cycle. The refrigerant leaves the
evaporator at -20⁰C and has a condenser pressure of 0.9
MPa. The mass flow rate is 3 kg/min.
Determine:
i. the COPR and -20⁰C
ii. the COPR, Carnot for the same Tmax and Tmin , and
iii. the tons of refrigeration.

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Refrigeration Cycles Refrigeration Cycles

Using the Refrigerant-134a Tables…

-20⁰C -20⁰C
State 1: at compressor inlet State 3: at condenser exit
𝑇1 = −20℃ 𝑃1 = 900 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑥1 = 1.0 → ℎ1 = ℎ𝑔@−20℃ = 238.41 𝑘𝐽Τ𝑘𝑔 𝑥3 = 0 → ℎ3 = ℎ𝑓@0.9𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 101.61 𝑘𝐽Τ𝑘𝑔
𝑠1 = 𝑠𝑔@−20℃ = 0.9456 𝑘𝐽Τ𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝐾 𝑠3 = 𝑠𝑓@0.9𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 0.3738 𝑘𝐽Τ𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝐾

State 2: at compressor exit State 4: at throttle exit

𝑃2 = 𝑃2𝑠 = 0.9 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑇4 = 𝑇1 = −20℃
𝑠2 = 𝑠2𝑠 = 0.9456 𝑘𝐽Τ𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝐾 → ℎ2 = 278.23 𝑘𝐽Τ𝑘𝑔 ℎ4 = ℎ3 = 101.61 𝑘𝐽Τ𝑘𝑔 → 𝑥4 = 0.358
𝑇2 = 43.79℃ 𝑠4 = 0.4053 𝑘𝐽Τ𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝐾

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 Refrigeration Cycles Refrigeration Cycles
i) the COPR ii) the COPR, Carnot for the same Tmax and Tmin
𝑇𝐿
𝑄ሶ 𝐿 𝑚(ℎ
ሶ 1 − ℎ4 ) 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑅,𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑡 =
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑅 =
ሶ
= 𝑇𝐻 − 𝑇𝐿
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡,𝑖𝑛 𝑚(ℎ ሶ 2 − ℎ1 )
(−20 + 273)𝐾
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑅,𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑡 =
ℎ1 − ℎ4 (43.79 − (−20))𝐾
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑅 =
ℎ2 − ℎ1
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑅,𝐶𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑡 = 3.97
𝑘𝐽
(238.41 − 101.61)
𝑘𝑔
𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑅 =
𝑘𝐽
(278.23 − 238.41)
𝑘𝑔

𝐶𝑂𝑃𝑅 = 3.44

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Refrigeration Cycles Refrigeration Cycles

EXAMPLE: The Actual Vapour-Compression Refrigeration Cycle
iii) the tons of refrigeration
The ton of refrigeration, often called the cooling load or refrigeration effect, Refrigerant-134a enters the compressor of a refrigerator as superheated
is defined as: 𝑄ሶ 𝐿 = 𝑚ሶ ℎ1 − ℎ4 vapor at 0.14 MPa and -10⁰C at a rate of 0.05 kg/s and leaves at 0.8 MPa
and 50⁰C. The refrigerant is cooled in the condenser to 26⁰C and 0.72 MPa
and is throttled to 0.15 MPa. Disregarding any heat transfer and pressure
𝑄ሶ 𝐿 = 𝑚ሶ ℎ1 − ℎ4 drops in the connecting lines between the components,
3
𝑄ሶ 𝐿 = (238.41 − 101.61)
60 determine:
𝑄ሶ 𝐿 = 6.84 𝑘𝑊 ,1 ton of refrigeration =3.516 kW (a) the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space and the power input
to the compressor,
𝑄ሶ 𝐿 = 1.94 𝑇𝑜𝑛 (b) the isentropic efficiency of the compressor, and
(c) the coefficient of performance of the refrigerator.

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 Refrigeration Cycles Refrigeration Cycles
(1) Refrigerant-134a enters the compressor of a refrigerator as • Looking for the needed properties …
superheated vapor at 0.14 MPa and -10⁰C at a rate of 0.05 kg/s and
(2) leaves at 0.8 MPa and 50⁰C
(3) Refrigerant is cooled in the condenser to 26⁰C and 0.72 MPa and is
throttled to 0.15 MPa.

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Refrigeration Cycles Refrigeration Cycles

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 Refrigeration Cycles Refrigeration Cycles
• In summary, a) the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space and the
power input to the compressor,
State 1:

State 2:

b) the isentropic efficiency of the compressor

State 3

State 4

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Refrigeration Cycles At the end of this lecture…

c) the coefficient of performance of the refrigerator. • You should have known:
– Refrigerators and heat pumps
– Refrigeration cycle – the reversed Carnot cycle & vapour-
compression refrigeration cycle

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 QUIZ 2
1. A steam power plant operates on an ideal Rankine cycle. The steam
enters the turbine at 7.0 MPa and 550⁰C. It discharges to the condenser
at 20 kPa.
i. Sketch the T-s diagram
ii. Determine the quality of steam leaving the turbine

QUIZ 2

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