1) CONTOUR TRACING:

OBJECT:
The object of contour tracing is to be contours, to find out capacity of the tank and to fix the
maximum water level and sill levels.
INSTRUMENTS USED:
Tacheometer, leveling staff, plain table, alidade, trough compass and other plain table
accessory.

PROCEDURE:
Here the principle of tacheometry is adapted. A person holding the leveling staff stands on
the centre line of the bund at the required R.L. and a back sight is taken to determine the plane of
collimation. Next the leveling is moved forward, in the upstream side, say: for a distance of 30m
and is moved up and down to get required staff reading. The staff reading is calculated before
itself, so as to get the required R.L. on the ground, i.e. the contour to be traced. The distance is
calculated using the principle of tacheometry, i.e. D=KS+C, Where D is the distance between the
plane table and the point, K=100 & C=0. The procedure is repeated until the same R.L. is obtained
on the centre line of the bund on the other bank. Simultaneously the points are fixed on the plane
table and joined with the smooth curve to some scale and hence the required contour is obtained
on the paper.

2) CHANNEL ALIGNMENT:
OBJECT:
To estimate the cost of channel and cross drainage works and other canal works.
INSTRUMENTS USED:
Dumpy level with stand, leveling staff, plane table with accessories, chain, arrows, ranging
rods, tape.
POINTS TO BE REMEMBERED:
The following points to be kept in view for channel alignment:
1. The channel is aligned in a falling contour.
2. The depth of cut should be a minimum.
3. The straight channel is prepared wherever possible.
4. If curves are unavoidable, curves of large radius are prepared.
 5. There should be few cross drainage works.

PROCEDURE:
1. Starting from a Bench marks levels are carried until the required elevation of the starting
point of the channel on the central line of the bund is obtained.
2. This is the position of sluice and this point is marked on the plane table.
3. Allow a fall of 1.0m for 2000m, trace falling contours and plot it on the plane table.
4. Bench mark should be left at an interval of 100m.
5. Pegs are driven at 30m intervals.
6. Cross sections are taken at every 30m interval and levels along the cross section along 5m
intervals, to an extent of 30m on both sides of channel alignment.
7. Plane table section should be established by using three established points.
8. The details of area through which the channel passes should be marked on the plane table.
9. Plane of the area lying between the channel and the mother valley should be prepared to
determine the extent of area that can be irrigated.
10. Block levels are to be taken at all points of crossing the natural drainage.
11. Final alignment should then be marked on the sheet.
12. The pegs are driven at 30m intervals in the final alignment and the longitudinal and cross
sections are taken if necessary for the changed position of the alignment.

Highway du same, canalinde procedureu.

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