Non Destructive Testing Procedure UT, RT, MT, PT (ASME)

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:
QUALITY DETAIL PROCEDURE
REV. NO. : 2 Page 1 of 64
STANDARD NON-DESTRUCTIVE
EXAMINATION PROCEDURE DATE : 25 May 2006
(UT,RT,MT,PT)
EXAMINATION PROCEDURE
(UT, RT, MT, PT)
ASME
THIS DOCUMENT PRESCRIBES COMPANY PRACTICE AND IS FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. IT
SHALL NOT BE REPRODUCED IN WHOLE OR IN PARTS OR RELEASED TO A THIRD PARTY
WITHOUT PRIOR CONSENT FROM THE HEAD OF THE RESPONSIBLE DEPARTMENT.
PREPARED BY: _______________________

CONTROLLED
COPY NO:
LEAD NDT INSPECTOR
_____________
REVIEWED BY: _______________________
HEAD, QC
UNCONTROLLED
COPY NO:
APPROVED BY: _______________________
_______________
MANAGER
QUALITY ASSURANCE
RESPONSIBLE DEPARTMENT: QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT

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RECORD OF AMENDMENT
Date Change / Revision / Rev. Prepared by Approved By

New No.
25/05/2006 Change of company 2

name and logo
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This NDT Procedure consists of Four Parts:
PART A - ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION
PART B - RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
PART C - MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION
PART D - DYE PENETRANT EXAMINATION

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PART A
ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION
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PROCEDURE FOR ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION OF WELDS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 SCOPE………………………………………………………………………………. 6
2.0 REFERENCE……………………………………………………………………….. 6
3.0 SAFETY AND PRECAUTION HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION………………………………………………………………….. 6
4.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION…………………………………………………. 6
5.0 EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS…………………………………………………. 7
6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS………………………………… 8
7.0 BASIC CALIBRATION BLOCK…………………………………………………. 10
8.0 SYSTEM CALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION

CONFIRMATION………………………………………………………………….. 11
9.0 EXAMINATION OF WELDS………………………………….………………….. 12
10.0 COUPLANT…………………………………………………….………………….. 14
11.0 DEFECT SIZING (LENGTH)………………………………….………………….. 14
12.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA……………………………………………………….. 14
13.0 REPORTING……………………………………………………………………….. 15
14.0 APPENDIX…………………………………………………………………………. 16
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1.0 SCOPE
This procedure establishes the requirement for pulse echo ultrasonic examination to
evaluate full penetration welds in steel plates, beams, turbulars and pipes. The general
requirement will be conditional to examination of all welds whilst specific changes may
be deemed necessary to suit particular dimension, geometry and material of specific
welds.
2.0 REFERENCE
ASME Section V : 2004 Edition.

ASME B31.3 : 2004 Edition , 2003 Addendum.
ASTM A 435 : Lamination Check – 2002 Edition.
3.0 SAFETY PRECAUTION AND HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
All Personnel performing UT Shall be fully aware of the potential site working hazard
and take the necessary safety precaution during the time and inspection. E.g. Working
at height, confine spaces, etc.
4.0
PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION
Ultrasonic Inspector shall be qualified to the following:

Personnel having PCN / CSWIP Level II shall be engaged on the job.
5.0 EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENT

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5.1 The examination shall be conducted with an ultrasonic pulse reflection system
generating frequencies covering the nominal range of 1 MHz to 5 MHz with a
rectified ‘A’ scan display. Such equipment includes the Krautkramer USK 7.
5.2 The ultrasonic pulse-echo instrument shall provide linear vertical presentation
within +/- 5% of the full screen height for 20% to 80% of the full screen height
(base line to maximum calibrated screen height). The screen height linearity shall
be measured and recorded as per procedure set out in Appendix 1.
5.3 The ultrasonic pulse echo instrument shall utilize an amplitude control accurate
over its useful range to ± 20% of the nominal amplitude ratio, to allow
measurement of indication beyond the linear range of the vertical display on the
screen. The amplitude control linearity shall be measured and recorded as per
procedure set out in Appendix 2.
5.4 The pulse-echo instrument shall be calibrated weekly and the calibration results
filed using the format shown in Appendix 5. The equipment shall be serviced with
respect to its service manual at least once a year.
Equipment shall be checked at the beginning and end of each examination, when
examination personnel are exchanged or at anytime when malfunctioning
suspected.
5.5 Frequency of straight beam probes shall be between 1 MHz

to 5 MHz, with diameters 10mm to 25mm size. A4MHz 20mm diameter probe
shall normally be used.
5.6 For angle probes, frequencies of 2 MHz to 4 MHz with crystal size of
approximately 20mm shall normally be used. Exit point and exact angle of beam
propagation of each individual probe shall be checked and marked before
commencement of a test. Type of probes used shall include Krautkramer MWB
series.
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6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REQUIREMENT
6.1 Examination Coverage
The area to be tested shall be examined by moving the search unit over the
examination surface so as to scan the entire examination volume. As a
minimum, each pass of search unit shall overlap a minimum of 10% the
transducer dimension perpendicular to the direction of the scan.
6.2 Rate of Search Unit Movement
The rate of search unit movement shall not exceed 6 in/sec (153mm/sec)
unless calibration is verified at scanning speed.
6.3 Scanning Sensitivity Level
Scanning shall be performed at a gain setting at least two times the

reference level. During scanning, only the gain or attenuator controls will be
adjusted. Any adjustment of the other controls shall require recalibration.
6.4 Transducer Scanning Pattern
The examination volume shall be scanned with angle beam probes directed
both at right angles to the weld axis and along the weld axis. In order to
detect all possible defects, the following scanning pattern shall be utilized
as much as weld and test specimen configuration would permit.
6.4.1 Transverse Motion
This movement is necessary to examine the complete cross

section of the weld and heat affected zone. The extent of such
movement is normally equal to the skip distance.
6.4.2 Lateral Motion
This movement should be made to scan the specified length of the

welded joint. This is combined with the traversing motion so that
each successive probe displacement has an overlap dimension not
less than that stated in 5.1 above.
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6.4.3 Swiveling Motion
During the movement both towards and away from the welded joint the
probe shall be done at an angle not exceeding 15 degrees from the
weld axis from both directions and sides of the weld.
6.4.4 Transverse Scanning
On cases where transverse defects in the weld is to be detected,

scanning shall be done at an angle not exceeding 15 degrees from the
weld axis from both directions and sides of the weld.
Alternatively, the weld surface may be dressed flush with the parent
metal and a transverse scan be performed over the weld surface along
the weld axis.
6.5 Transfer Correction
In the event calibration is not performed on an off-cut of the component to be

tested, it will be deemed necessary to determine the difference in gain setting
necessary to compensate for transfer loss. This can be obtained from the
amplitude difference between the signals obtained from the edge of the
calibration block and from the edge of the component with similar thickness.
7.0 BASIC CALIBRATION BLOCK

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7.1
Calibration Block Material
The basic calibration block shall be a section of product form of the same
nominal size, schedule, heat treatment of material specification or
equivalent P-Number groupings as one of the materials being examined.
The block size and reflector locations shall be adequate to perform
calibration for the beam angles used. For calibration blocks for dissimilar
metal welds, the material selection shall be used on the side of the weld
from which the examination will be conducted.
If examination will be conducted from both sides, calibration reflectors shall

be conducted from both sides, calibration reflectors shall be provided in
both materials. Where two or more base material thickness are involved,
the calibration block thickness shall be determined by the average thickness
shall be determined by the average thickness of the weld.
7.2 Clad
Where the component materials are cladded, the block shall be cladded by
the same method as the production part.
7.3 Surface Finish
The finish on the surface of the block shall be representative of the surface
on the components.
7.4 Block Quality
The calibration block material shall be completely examined with a straight

beam search unit. Areas that contain indication exceeding the remaining
back reflection shall be excluded from the beam paths required to reach the
various calibration reflectors.
7.5 Basic Calibration Reflectors

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The calibration block and reflector configurations shall be as specified in

T441.1.1 in Article 4 and T542.2.1 in Article 5 of ASME V (2004), according
to their thickness and diameter (in the case of pipe) as stated. Additional
reflectors may be installed; these reflectors shall not interfere with
establishing the primary reference.
7.6 Materials with diameters greater than 508mm
For examination of materials where the examination surface diameter is

greater than 508mm, a block of essentially the same curvature, or
alternatively a flat basic calibration block, shall be used.
7.7 Material with diameters less than 508mm.
The basic calibration block shall be curved for materials with diameters 20”
and less. A single curved basic calibration block may be used to calibrate
the examination on surfaces in the range of curvature from 0.9 to 1.5 times
the basic calibration block diameter.
8.0 SYSTEM CALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION CONFIRMATION
8.1 System Calibration
Calibration shall include the complete ultrasonic examination system. The

original calibration shall be performed on the basic calibration blocks as per
ASME Section V, Article 4, Appendix B.
8.2 Calibration Check
Calibration check shall be performed before commencement of a test.

When any part of the examination system is changed, a calibration check
shall be made on the basic calibration block to verify any change of values.
Such changes may include:
1. Changes of transducer or cable

2. Change of power source
3. Manipulation of on/off switch
4. Manipulation of any other settings on the equipment with exception to
the gain setting.
8.3 Sweep Range Correction

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If a point on the DAC curve has moved on the sweep line more that 10% of the
sweep reading or 5% of full sweep, whichever is greater, the sweep range
calibration shall be noted and corrected. All recorded indications since the last
valid calibration check shall be re-examined with corrected calibration and their
values shall be changed on the data sheets.
8.4 DAC Correction
If a point on the DAC curve has decreased 20% or 2 Db of its amplitude, all
data sheets since the last calibration check shall be marked void. A new
calibration shall be made and recorded and the area covered by the voided
data shall be re-examined. If any point of the DAC curve has increased more
than 20% or 2 Db of its amplitude all recorded indications since the last valid
calibration and their values shall be changed on the data sheets.
9.0 EXAMINATION OF WELDS
9.1 Surface Preparation
The base metal on each side of the weld shall be free of weld spatter, surface
irregularities or foreign matter that might interfere with the examination.
9.2 Straight Beam Scanning
Straight beam scanning of the adjacent base metal shall be performed to

detect reflectors that may lie in the horizontal plane parallel to the scanning
surface. Locations and area of such reflectors shall be recorded and
evaluated for acceptance and rejection accordingly.
9.3 Angle Beam Scanning

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Angle beam scanning shall be directed at approximate right angles to the

weld axis from two directions where possible. The search unit shall be
manipulated so that the ultrasonic energy passes through the required
volumes of weld and adjacent base metal.
Scanning shall be performed at a gain setting at least two times the primary
reference level. Evaluation shall be performed with respect to the primary
reference level. Transducers angle include 45, 60, 70 degrees. A minimum
of three angle probes are to be used for each examination in addition to the
zero degree probe on parent metal. (where specimen thickness allows).
9.4 Butt Welds
Scanning of butt welds should be done within half skip and full distance. In
the case of curve surfaces, the effect of curvature should be taken into
consideration in locating echo origin.
9.5 Nozzle Welds (Full Penetration)
Nozzle orientation and weld configuration should be studied to understand

the shift in echoes due to change on geometry . Test should be performed
from more than one scanning face if possible. In the case of large diameter
nozzles, scan should be performed also from the nozzle internal.
9.6 Evaluation
Any imperfection which causes an indication in excess of 20% DAC shall be

investigated to the extent that it can be evaluated in terms of the acceptance
– rejection standard of the relevant code section.
10.0 COUPLANT
Grease, light oil or cellulose paste shall be used as couplant. The couplant used
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shall not be injurious to the material to be tested or disturb post scanning surface
treatment. The same couplant shall be used for sensitivity calibration and production
test.
11.0 DEFECT SIZING (LENGTH)
All reflections from weld defects will be maximized from all angles to find the best
angle which is compatible to the defect orientation. The defect echo will be adjusted
to the screen’s graticule. The defect echo will be adjusted to the screen’s graticule
height and sized in the following manner:
11.1 Compressional Wave
The 6 Db drop method shall be used for sizing large defects. Small defects
shall be expressed as a percentage amplitude of the back wall echo.
11.2 Shearwave
The 6 Db drop method shall be used for sizing large defects lengths whilst
the 20 Db drop method may be used for sizing small defects. For sizing
defect height, the 20 Db drop method or the maximum amplitude technique
may be used.
12.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
The acceptance / rejection criteria shall be as per Appendix 9 of ASME VIII

Div. 1 / ASME B31.3 for Piping, 2004 Edition,
ASTM A 435 for Lamination Check - 2002 Edition.
13.0 REPORTING
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13.1 All tests performed shall be recorded in proper reports with the following
information included :
i. Project Title
ii. Weld Identification and Spool No and Line No
iii. Weld Geometry
iv. Ultrasonic Procedure No.
v. Specification for Acceptance
vi. Equipment Used
vii. Frequency Range
viii. Couplant
ix. Basic Calibration Blocks
x. Result of Test
xi. Name and Signature
xii. Date of Test
xiii. Material Tested (Type).
13.2 Any defects found shall be recorded with the following information included :
i. Location of Defect
ii. Size of Defect
iii. Defect Type Assessment
14.0 APPENDIX
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APPENDIX 1 : INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION
APPENDIX 2 : AMPLITUDE CONTROL LINEARITY
APPENDIX 3 : ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION REPORT
APPENDIX 4 : TEST PROCEDURE
APPENDIX 5 : CALIBRATION FORMAT FOR ULTRASONIC FLAW

DETECTOR
APPENDIX 1
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INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION
A. Screen Height Linearity
Position an angle beam search unit so that indications can be observed from both the ½ t
and ¾ t holes in a basic calibration block. Adjust the search unit position to give a 2 : 1 ratio
of amplitudes between the two indications, with the larger set at 80% of full screen height.
Without moving the search unit adjust sensitivity (gain) to successively set at the larger
indication from 100% to 20% of full screen height, in 10% increments (or 2 dB steps) and
read the smaller indication at each setting. The reading must be 50% of the larger amplitude
within 5% of full screen height. The settings and readings must be estimated to the nearest
1% of full screen. Alternatively, a straight beam search unit may be used on any calibration
block which will provide amplitude differences, with sufficient signal separation to prevent
overlapping of the signals.
APPENDIX 2
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Amplitude Control Linearity
Position and angle beam search unit so that the indication from ½ t hole in basic calibration
block is peaked on the screen. With the increases and decreases in attenuation shown in
the following table, the indication must fall within the specific limits. Other convenient
reflectors from any calibration block may be used with angle or straight beam search units.
The settings and readings must be estimated to the nearest 1% of full screen.
Indication Set At % dB Indication Limits %

of Full Screen Change of Full Screen
------------------------- ---------- --------------------------
80% - 6 dB 32% to 48%
80% - 12 dB 16% to 24%
40% + 6 dB 64% to 96%
20% + 12dB 64% to 96%
APPENDIX 3
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Refer Attached Report format
APPENDIX 4 SHT. 1 0F 8
TEST PROCEDURE NO : UTP -01

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70º,60º, 45º 70º,60º, 45º

0º Comp. Probe Shear Probe Shear Probe
Whichever is
applicable
NOT ACCESSIBLE
TYPE OF WELD : BUTT WELD ( ACCESSIBLE FROM ONE SIDES)
THICKNESS BELOW 25mm min of 8mm ABOVE 25

PROBE DETAILS * 0º Compressional . 0º Compressional .
70º,60º,45ºShear. 70º,60º,45ºShear.
SCANNING HALF SKIP & FULL SKIP

RANGE
* Note :
As per specimen thickness
TEST PROCEDURE NO : UTP - 02

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0º Comp. Probe
70º,60º, 45º 70º,60º, 45º
Shear Probe Shear Probe
70º,60º, 45º 70º,60º, 45º

Shear Probe Shear Probe
TYPE OF WELD : BUTT WELD ( ACCESSIBLE FROM BOTH SIDES)
THICKNESS BELOW 25mm min of 8mm ABOVE 25


RANGE
* Note :
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TEST PROCEDURE NO : UTP – 03
70º,60º, 45º
Shear Probe
0º Comp. Probe 70º,60º, 45º

Shear Probe
0º Comp. Probe
70º,60º, 45º
Shear Probe
TYPE OF WELD : FULL PENETRATION NOZZLE WELD

THICKNESS BELOW 25mm ABOVE 25mm
SCANNING HALF SKIP

RANGE
* Note :
TEST PROCEDURE NO : UTP – 03

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NOT
ACCESSIBLE
NOT
ACCESSIBLE
TEE JOINT and NOZZLE

TYPE OF WELD
(Accessible From One Side)
PROBE DETAILS 70 °, 60 °, 45 ° and 0 °
SCANNING RANGE FULL SKIP & HALF SKIP
TEST PROCEDURE NO: UTP - 04

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( NOT
ACCESSIBLE)
0º Comp. Probe 70º,60º, 45º

Shear Probe)
(NOT ACCESSIBLE)
TYPE OF WELD : FULL PENETRATION NOZZLE WELD

THICKNESS BELOW 25mm ABOVE 25mm

RANGE
* Note :
APPENDIX 4 SHT. 6 OF 8
TEST PROCEDURE NO.: UTP – 04

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TYPE OF WELD TEE JOINT and NOZZLE

(Accessible From Both Sides)
PROBE DETAILS 70  , 60 , 45 and 0
TEST PROCEDURE NO.: UTP – 05

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Tubular Internal
(Not Accessible)
Tubular Internal
(Not Accessible)
Tubular Internal
(Not Accessible)
Tubular Internal
(Not Accessible)
TYPE OF WELD TKY TUBULAR JOINTS

(Not Accessible From Internal Surface)
TEST PROCEDURE NO.: UTP - 06

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TYPE OF WELD TKY NON TUBULAR

(Accessible From Both Sides)
CALIBRATION PROCEDURE FOR TIME BASE LINEARITY:

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1) Calibrate the screen for the test range of 125mm using single crystal transducer
and IIW-VI Block.
2) Place the probe on 25mm thickness side and read the back wall echoes. Adjust
so that the 1st and 5th back wall echo coincide with graticule line the CRT
screen.
3) Bring successful back wall echoes to approximately 80 FSH.

Record any deviation.
4) The percentage of error is calculated based on actual reading and the expected
reading.
5) The error should not exceed ± 2% of test range.
TIME BASE LINEARITY :
BACK WALL ECHO

TEST BLOCK READINDS RESULT
RANGE THICKNESS (mm)
125 (mm)
1 2 3 4 5
Calculated Reading
Actual Reading
Deviation
APPENDIX 5
ROUTINE OPERATOR CHECKS ON THE PERFORMANCE

OF ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTORS.
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JOB LOCATION : EMPLOYER:

CHECK SHEET FOR WEEK ENDING: DATE CARRIED OUT:
FLAW DETECTOR MAKE:
MAKERS SERIAL NO. : TYPE :
NOTE : ALL RESULTS MUST BE RECORD

TEST TOLERANCE RANGE RESULT PASS/FAIL
Time base Linearity ± 2%
+ 2dB Not less than
95% f.s.h
Attenuator Accuracy 0 dB -
(Datum point 80% -6dB 35% to 45%
f.s.h) f.s.h
-18 dB 8% to 12%
f.s.h
-24dB to be visible
above
base line
Difference between Main
smaller Signal
signal and 1/2 larger 100%
signal
height to be better 80%
than 5%
f.s.h or 60%
height(whichever is
less) 40%
20%
Equipment All three echoes to Probes
Resolution be used
clearly resolved
Maximum Minimum of 3 echoes
Penetrative
Power
Signature of Operator :____________________________
Name of Operator:________________________
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PART B
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
PROCEDURE FOR RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION OF WELDS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 SCOPE………………………………………………………………………. 32
2.0 REFERENCE……………………………………………………………….. 32
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3.0 SAFETY PRECAUTION AND HAZARD IDENTIFICATION…………... 32
4.0 RADIATION SAFETY……………………………………………….……... 32
5.0 EQUIPMENT………………………………………………………….……... 32
6.0 PENETRAMETER………………………………………………………….. 33
7.0 RADIOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION……………………………………... 34
8.0 QUALITY OF RADIOGRAPHY…………………………………….……... 35
9.0 FILM PROCESSING………………………………………………………... 36
10.0 RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE…………………………………………… 38
11.0 INTERPRETATION………………………………………………….……… 38
12.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA………………………………………………… 39
13.0 REPORTING………………………………………………………………… 39
14.0 APPENDIX…………………………………………………………………... 40
1.0 SCOPE
This procedure establishes the requirement, techniques and processes for quality
radiographic examination on welds of plates, beams, turbulars and pipes. It is
applicable to radiographic examination using Ir-192 Isotope on various grades of
steel, cooper and nickel alloy’s piping.
Amendments may be made to this general procedure to meet special requirements

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specifically. Such amendments, if any, shall receive the prior consent of client.
2.0 REFERENCE
ASME Section V : 2004 Edition

ASME / ANSI 31.3 : 2004 Edition
THE ATOMIC ENERGY LICENSING ACT 1984 (ACT304)
All personnel performing Radiographic Testing will be fully aware of the potential
hazard of radiation and requirement of safe working practices. Also shall ensure that
radiation level shall be maintained is low as reasonably achievable to prevent
overdose & radiation. Radiation protection requirement set forth by the Atomic
Energy Licensing Board shall be observed. Radiographic Testing personnel must be
certified to Atomic Energy Licensing Board requirements.
4.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATIONS
PT. XXXXX’s Quality Assurance Department (QAD) shall use qualified NDT
subcontractor to perform the Gamma ray Radiographic Testing (RT).
All RT Personnel with the exceptions of assistants shall be qualified to ASNT Level II
certified by ASNT Level III as per Contractor’s Written Practice and MLVK Level I or
equivalent in Industrial Radiography. They shall be registered with Atomic Energy
Licensing Board (AELB) of Malaysia.
Radiography Film Interpreters shall posses a valid PCN / CSWIP 3.4 Level II
Certificate.
5.0 EQUIPMENT
5.1 Type of Radiating Source
Iridium 192 Gamma isotope will be used. Container for the isotope shall be
Tech-Ops 660 or equivalent model with remote control winder. Curie strength
of isotope shall normally not exceed 50 curies.
5.2 Film Selection
Radiographs shall be made using Type 1 or 2 films or equivalent. Examples

of these film types are :
i. Type 1 film (Agfa Gevaert D4, Kodak MS 125)
ii. Type 2 film (Agfa Gevaert D7, Kodak AA)

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All films shall be stored in a cool clean storage area where they will not be
exposed to heat, light or radiation. The pre-exposure fog of the film shall not
be greater than 0.3 density. Where PWHT is required, Type 1 film shall be
used prior to PWHT and after PWHT.
Radiographic film for Duplex Stainless Steel shall be as per ASTM E94,
Type I.
5.3 Intensifying Screens
Lead intensifying screens of 0.125mm thickness shall be placed on the front

and back of the films in close contact. Screens shall be free of dents,
scratches, dirt and other foreign materials.
6.0 PENETRAMETER
6.1 Penetrameter (I.O.I)
Standard penetrameter or DIN wire type penetrameter) shall be used. The

IQI material shall either be the similar material to the component to be
radiographer or belonging to a similar material group or belonging to a similar
material grouping.
6.2 Placement of Penetrameters
Penetrameters shall normally be placed on the source side. In the case

when this is not possible due to inaccessibility, the penetrameter may be
placed on the film side with a lead letter ‘F’at least as high as the
penetrameter identification number shall be placed adjacent to or on the
penetrameter, but shall not mask the essential wire to denote this change. A
procedure test will be performed to determine the equivalent penetrameter to
be visible at the required sensitivity. The thinnest wire shall be placed within
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25mm of the edge of the diagnostic film length.
6.3 For materials of equal thickness and transition thickness, two (2)
penetrameter shall be used for welds ten (10) inches and greater in length
and one penetrameter for welds less than ten (10) inches in length (Refer to
Appendix 2. Fig. 1 & Fig. 3). For single wall single image (Panoramic)
exposure, four penetrameters equally spaced shall be placed on the source
side.
7.0 FILM IDENTIFICATION

PT. XXXX shall incorporate radiographic film identification as follows :
a. Client: b. Project
c. Contract No. d.
Spool indicate spool number as per
No. requested
e.
Weld Identification: Indicate weld number as per requested
f. Identification of repair: R1 or R2 for repair, RS for reshoot

joints, RW for rewelded joints, etc .
g.
Date of Exposure: date radiographic taken.
h. Penetrameters : to indicate the density of the films
i. Welder Identification : indicate welder number as per requested.
j. Material Thickness : indicate thk of material as per requested.
Refer to Appendix C Figure 1 for radiography identification (layout and description)
These identifications shall not obscure the area of interest.
8.0 QUALITY OF RADIOGRAPHY
8.1 All radiographs shall be free from mechanical, chemical or other blemishes to
the extent that they mask or be confused with the image of any discontinuity
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in the area of interest of the object being radiograph.
Such blemishes include but not limited to :
a. fogging;
b. water marks, streaks or chemical stains;
c. scratches, finger marks, crimps, dirtiness, static marks or tears;
d. loss of detail due to poor screen to film contact;
e. false indication due to defective screens.
8.2 Back Scatter
When radiography is carried out in a direction which may create back

scattering (e.g. film placed between source and concrete floor) lead sheets
may be placed behind the film cassette to reduce or cut off such scatter. A
lead letter ‘B’, 1/16” thickness by ½” height will be placed on the back of the
film cassette.
If the lead letter “B” appears on the radiograph as a lighter image than the
background, protection from back scatter is insufficient. A new exposure
shall be taken with additional backings.
8.4 Geometrical Unsharpness
Sufficient source to object distance shall be maintained in order that

geometrical unsharpness shall not exceed 0.02 inch for object thickness of 2
inch and below. The geometric unsharpness Ug shall be determined as
follows :
Ug = Fd Where F = source size.

D d = dist. From source side of weld to the
film (or average weld thickness).
D = distance from source to weld.
8.5 Density
The minimum and maximum transmitted film density at the area of interest for
single film viewing shall be 2.0 and 4.0 H & D respectively. Density is
measured either by comparison with a calibrated densitometer or a calibrated
density strip.
8.6 Sensitivity
A radiographic technique of sufficient sensitivity shall be used as to produce a
basic quality level that shall be no less than 2% as based on material section
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thickness. However for material of thinner material, such as copper,
stainless steel, duplex shall be established if the sensitivity level exceeds as
stated in ASME Section V (2004), Table T. 276.
8.7 Location Marker

Location Marker shall be placed on the part. Their location shall be
permanently marked on the surface of the part to be radiographer.
8.8 Contrast
The contrast of radiograph shall be to acceptable level as not to reduce the
quality and maintain the required sensitivity and density.
9.0 FILM PROCESSING
Manual processing shall be used. Films shall be processed to a quality whereby

they remain to be interpretable for at least 5 years under normal storage condition.
9.1 Developing
Films will be placed in hangers and immersed in developer solution with
constant agitation for even development time should be adjusted accordingly.
Film shall be developed for a minimum of 5 min and a maximum of 8 minutes
in the developer at 20°c or per manufacturer’s recommendation.
9.2 Stop Bath or Rinse

After development is completed, the films shall be immersed in stop bath or
rinsed in clean running water to stop the activity of the developer.
9.3 Fixing
Fixing shall be done for at least twice the clearing time but not more than 15
minutes in fresh fixer.
9.4 Washing
Washing shall be done with constant flow of clean water. Rate of water flow
shall be approximately 5 to 6 times the volume of water tank per hour.
Washing time shall be minimum 10 minutes. Dilution or mixture of chemicals
shall be in accordance to that recommended by the chemical manufacturer.
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9.5 Drying of Films
i. Care shall be taken to avoid causing any mechanical damage to the
emulsion and prevent causing marks from uneven drying.
ii. Drying shall be carried out in a normal dust free room.
iii. Other method of drying can also be achieved (rapid drying) by placing
the film in a special cabinet, in which, a constant stream of hot air is
forced over both sides of the film.
iv. Once drying has commenced the films shall not be removed from the
cabinet until it is completed dry.
v. Drying time shall vary with the drying temperature of the film drying
cabinet.
vi. Hypo thiotest to be carried out weekly and recorded.
10.0 RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE
10.1 Single Wall Single Image (SWSI)
This is the preferred method whenever possible. However, it requires that

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both side of the weld or component be accessible, with the source placed on
one side and the film in close contact on the other side.
In the case when the inside of a pipe is accessible, with the source placed
on one side and the film in close contact on the other side.
10.2 Double Wall Double Image (DWDI)
This technique is limited to pipe weld up to 3” O.D. or less in nominal

outside diameter. The radiation beam will offset from plane or weld in order
to separate the images of welds. At least two films must be taken, at 90º to
the other, for each joint. Superimpose technique shall be applied if unable to
perform elliptical shots.
10.3 Double Wall single Image (DWSI)
This method is recommended for pipe welds greater than 3” nominal

diameter. The radiation passes through two walls but only the image of the
wall close to the film is projected. Sufficient number of exposures will be
taken to cover the entire weld or component.
11.0 INTERPRETATION
11.1 Viewing of Radiography

The processed radiographs shall be interpreted and evaluated by a qualified
radiography interpreter and to be random reviewed by Client. Viewing shall
be done on the radiograph film using film viewers. The film viewer shall
provide sufficient light for viewing the essential penetrameter image and all
pertinent details of a radiograph with a density of 2.0 to 3.5 H & D.

Accept / Reject Criteria shall be in accordance to Chapter VI, Section 344.5 of ASME
/ ANSI B31.3, 2004, Table 341.3.2 Severe cyclic condition.
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13.0 REPORTING
Radiographic examination report shall refer to appendix: 1
14.0 APPENDIX
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APPENDIX 1 : RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION REPORT
APPENDIX 2 : RADIOGRAPHY IDENTIFICATION

& PLACEMENT OF PENETRAMETER
APPENDIX 3 : RADIOGRAPHIC EXPOSURE TECHNIQUES
APPENDIX 1
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APPENDIX 2
RADIOGRAPHIC FILM WELD IDENTIFICATION LAYOUT AND DESCRIPTION

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CLIENT PROJECT JOB NO. DATE
1.1.1.1
DIN 62 Fe
0 20
6 ISO 12
1.1.1 F
or
S
SPOOL NO JOINT NO. WELDER’S NO.
APPENDIX 2
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FIG 3. Radiographic identification and wire penetrameter locations on transition joints 10

inches and greater length.
FIG 4. Radiographic identification and wire penetrameter locations on transition joints less
than 10 inches in length.
APPENDIX 3
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FIG. 1. Double Wall Double Image (DWDI) Exposure Technique for pipes and tubes of
3.5 inches and less.
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Source
Film
FIG. 2. Double Wall Single Image (DWSI) Exposure Technique for pipes and tubes of
a diameter greater than 3.5 inches.
APPENDIX 3
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Source
Plate
Film
FIG. 3. Single Wall Single Image (SWSI) Exposure Technique for plates.
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FIG. 4. Single Wall Single Image (SWSI) Panoramic Exposure Technique for pipes and
tubes of 400mm (16 inches) diameter and greater.
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PART C
MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION
PROCEDURE FOR MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION OF WELDS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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1.0 SCOPE……………………………………………………………………………. 50
2.0 REFERENCE…………………………………………………………………….. 50
3.0 SAFETY PRECAUTION AND HAZARD IDENTIFICATION…….…………. 50
4.0 QUALIFICATION OF PERSONNEL………………………………………….. 50
5.0 MAGNETIZING APPARATUS………………………………………………… 50
6.0 DETECTING MEDIUM…………………………………………………………. 51
7.0 CONTRAST AID………………………………………………………………… 51
8.0 FIELD INTENSITY INDICATOR………………………………………………. 51
9.0 SURFACE CONDITION……………………………………………………….. 51
10.0 ELECTRICAL SAFETY……………………………………………….……….. 52
11.0 TEST TECHNIQUE…………………………………………………….………… 52
12.0 TEST PROCEDURE (YOKE METHOD)……………………………………… 52
13.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA…………………………………………………….. 54
14.0 REPORTING…………………………………………………………………….. 54
15.0 APPENDIX……………………………………………………………………….. 54
1.0 SCOPE
This procedure establishes the method and process for magnetic particle inspection
using a magnetic yoke for the defection of discontinuities on or near surface of
ferromagnetic material.
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2.0 REFERENCE
ASME Section V (2004)

ASME / ANSI 31.3 (2004)
Personnel performing MPI shall take necessary safety precautionary measures and
be fully aware of potential site working hazards eq. Electricity leakage, confine
space, electroulation.
4.0 QUALIFICATION OF PERSONNEL
Personnel performing the magnetic particle inspection shall be trained and certified
to NDT Level II in Magnetic Particle Inspection in accordance with an approved
company written practice established in compliance with ASNT’s SNT-TC-1A
(Personnel Qualification and Certification in Non Destructive Testing).
In addition, the above personnel are required to undergo an eye examination for
visual acuity and as a minimum be able to read at least the Jaeger J2 Chart.
5.0 MAGNETIZING APPARATUS
An AC Yoke or permanent Magnetic Yoke unit shall be used to produce a magnetic

field strength sufficient to reveal all objectionable defects. The AC Yoke shall have a
lifting power of not less than 10 lbs (4.5 kg) for a maximum pole spacing of 6.5 ins.
(165 mm) or less. The Permanent Yoke shall have a lifting power of not less than
40 lbs (18 kg) for a maximum pole spacing of 8 ins (200 mm) or less. The
magnetizing force of yokes shall be checked at least once a year, or whenever a
yoke has been damaged. If a yoke has not been in use for a year or more, a check
shall be done prior to first use.
Refer to Appendix 2 of this section for the procedure to check the magnetizing force
of yokes. Use of permanent magnet shall be limited to areas where the use of AC
Yoke is not practical.
6.0 DETECTING MEDIUM
Premix Black Magnetic Ink having a concentration of not less than 0.8% and not
more than 3.2% by volume shall be used. The particles shall not be toxic and shall
be free from substances like rust, grease and dirt. The wet powder method shall be
applicable up to a maximum temperature of 135ºF.
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Type of premix magnetic ink used shall include Ardrox or Magnaflux brands. When
aerosol spray us used, care should be taken to ensure sufficient ventilation at the
location of test and no naked flame is close by.
Dry incon powder may be used where temperature of parts to be tested is higher
than 130ºF but lower than 600ºF.
7.0 CONTRAST AID
When test is performed on a surface which may not provide sufficient color contrast
to the magnetic ink used, a contrast aid in the form of a thin white adherent paint
coating may be applied to the metal surface. This coating thickness shall not exceed
20 microns.
8.0 FIELD INTENSITY INDICATOR
A Burmah ‘Castrol’ Field Intensity Indicator shall be used to indicate that sufficient
field intensity has been applied.
Sufficient field intensity would be indicated by the detection of the three lines artificial
defect in the indicators.
9.0 SURFACE CONDITION
Surface of the ferro-magnetic material to be tested and all adjacent areas within at
least 1 inch shall be dry and free from rust, oil, grease, paint or any other material
that may hinder the movement of iron powder or the interpretation of result
indications. Welded surface should be free of flux covering. Light grinding may be
necessary to remove very rough weld surface which may give rise to spurious
indications.
Primed surfaces shall be tested only if the paint forms a thin coherent coating, tightly
adhering to the surface and not thicker than 20 microns.
10.0 ELECTRICAL SAFETY
AC Yoke equipment shall be subjected to EPMI approval and shall be properly

earthed. Current supply shall be fitted with an earth-leakage current circuit breaker.
The circuit shall trip with a leakage current to earth of not more than 10 mA.
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11.0 TEST TECHNIQUE
10.1 Use of AC Yoke - Magnetic Flow Technique
The use of the magnetic Yoke favours the detection of flaws where the major
axis lies transverse to the line joining the pole pieces of the Yoke. As such,
two magnetizing application, each being at right angle to the other, should be
applied over the same area. When an indication is found, a third application
should be made at an axis where maximum indication is obtained.
12.0 TEST PROCEDURE (YOKE METHOD)
12.1 Wet Method
12.1.1 Clean and dry area of test free from rust, oil, grease or any other
material that may obstruct movement of iron particles or impair
result interpretation. Grind lightly if necessary.
12.1.2 Apply thin coat of white contrast paint on area of test. Allow the
paint to dry.
12.1.3 Place yoke on the area of test in a direction where a second

application at 90º to this first axis is possible. Ensure good contact
of yoke to the test piece. Switch on current flow.
12.1.4 Apply magnetic ink either through aerosol (wet method) onto area
where magnetic field has been induced, with the current still on.
12.1.5 Observe for indications formed by the iron powder.
12.1.6 Cut off current flow before removing the yoke.
12.1.7 Repeat step 11.1.3 to 11.1.6 at an axis perpendicular to first test.
12.1.8 When an indication is found, perform step 11.1.3 to 11.1.6 at an

axis perpendicular to the axis of the indication in order to obtain
maximum sensitivity.
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12.1.9 If in doubt, step 11.1.3 to 11.1.6 should be repeated, and the

indication reevaluated until a result can be obtained.
12.1.10 Repeat step 11.1.3 to 11.1.7 over the entire area of test. Maintain
an overlap of approximately 50mm to ensure 100% coverage of
area of test.
12.1.11 Remove remaining solvent after test.
12.1.12 Record flaw indications, found with respect to their location, size
and type.
12.2 Dry Method
12..2.1 Clean and dry area of test free from rust, oil, grease or any other
material that may obstruct movement of iron particles or impair
result interpretation. Grind lightly if necessary.
12.2.2 Place Yoke on the area of test in a direction where a second

application at 90º to this first axis is possible. Ensure good contact
of Yoke to the test place. Switch on current flow.
12.2.3 Apply fine magnetic powder onto area where magnetic field has
been induced, with the current still on.
12.2.4 Observe for indications formed by the iron powder.
12.2.5 Mark Off defect location with the magnetic field still induced.
12.2.6 Cut off current flow before removing the Yoke.
12.2.7 Repeat step 11.2.2 to 11.2.6 at an axis perpendicular to first test.
Accept / Reject Criteria shall be in accordance to Appendix 6, ASME VIII Div.1

2001, 2004 Addendum / ASME B31.3 2004 for Piping.
14.0 REPORTING
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All tests carried out shall be reported in a format that contains the following
information:
i. Job Identification.
ii. Date of Test.
iii. Type of Equipment Used.
iv. Type of Technique Applied.
v. Identification of Weld/Component.
vi. Type of Magnetizing Current.
vii. Consumable Used.
viii. Result Interpretation.
ix. Description of Flaw Detected, if any.
x. Name and Signature of Tester.
15.0 APPENDIX
APPENDIX 1 : SURFACE EXAMINATION REPORT
APPENDIX 2 : PROCEDURE TO CHECK ON THE MAGNETIC FIELD

STRENGTH OF AC Y-6 MPI MACHINE
APPENDIX 1

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APPENDIX 2
PROCEDURE TO CHECK ON THE MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH

OF AC YOKE Y-6 MPI MACHINE
Equipment : AC Magnaflux Y-6 Yoke

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Weight : A 4.5 kg ferromagnetic steel test plate with clean and flat surface
Procedure : The legs span of yoke should be adjusted to a distance of maximum.

Ensure good contacts are being adjusted between the yoke and the
surface of the test price.
Connect the equipment to the AC source. With the yoke in proper

contact with the weight (test plate) surface, press the switch of the
machine and lift.
If the yoke can lift the weight, then conclusion can be drawn that the AC
yoke has sufficient magnetic field strength to meet the requirement.
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PART D
DYE PENETRANT EXAMINATION
PROCEDURE FOR DYE PENETRANT EXAMINATION OF WELDS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 SCOPE…………………………………………………………………………….. 59
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2.0 REFERENCE……………………………………………………………………… 59
3.0 SAFETY PRECAUTION AND HAZARD IDENTIFICATION………………… 59
4.0 QUALIFICATION OF PERSONNEL…………………………………………… 59
5.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENT…………………………………….……………… 59
6.0 TEST PROCEDURE……………………………………………………………… 61
7.0 INSPECTION……………………………………………………………………… 62
8.0 INTERPRETATION………………………………………………………………. 62
9.0 EVALUATION OF INDICATION………………………………………………… 63
10.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA………………………………………………………. 63
11.0 REPORTING………………………………………………………………………. 63
12.0 APPENDIX………………………………………………………………………… 63
1.0 SCOPE
This procedure establishes the requirements for liquid penetrant examination of

weldment on plates and pipes of ferrous and non-ferrous materials using solvent
removal dye.
2.0 REFERENCE
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ASME Section. V (2004)

ASME/ ANSI 31.3 (2004)
Personnel performing Dye Penetrant Testing shall take necessary safety

precautionary measures and be fully aware of potentials site working hazards
during the time of inspection ex. Working in confine space, heights, etc.
4.0 QUALIFICATION OF PERSONNEL
Non-Destructive Testing Personnel shall be qualified and certified to NDT Level II

in accordance with an approved Written Practice established in compliance with
ASNT’s SNT-TC-1A (Personnel Qualification and Certification in Non-Destructive
Testing). Or CSWIP/PCN Level II shall be acceptance.
5.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
5.1 Surface Condition

Surface condition shall be as weld, as rolled, cast, or as forged condition.
However, surface preparation by grinding or machining may be necessary
when surface irregularities might mask the indication of unacceptable
discontinuities. Or otherwise interfere with effectiveness of the examination.
Temperature of test surfaces shall not be lower than 16ºC.
5.2 Pre-Cleaning of Parts and Materials

The success of any penetrant inspection is greatly dependent upon the
surface and the discontinuity being free of any contaminant that might
interfere with the penetrant process. All surfaces to be inspected and all
adjacent areas within at least 1 inch must be cleaned and dried before the
penetrant is being applied. The surface must be free of any rust, scale,
welding flux, spatter, grease, paint, oily films and dirt.
5.3 Drying
All surfaces tested shall be subjected to drying period after pre-cleaning.

Liquid residue that may hinder the entrances of penetrant shall be removed
either warming the surface with forced hot air, exposure to ambient
temperature or wiped the surface with a clean, dry cloth or absorbent paper
prior to carrying out inspection.
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Surface temperature of surface or material shall not exceed 52ºC prior to
application of penetrant.
5.4 Penetrant Application
Penetrant shall cover the entire surface under inspection. Proper

ventilation is important when using aerosol spray type.
Penetrant dwell time shall be as recommended by manufacturer, normally

not less than 5 minutes to a maximum of 20 minutes.
Penetrant dwell time for other materials not stated by manufacturer shall
have to comply to ASME Section V, SE-165, Table 2 for recommended
dwell time. In any case, penetrant should not be allowed to dry-up during
dwell time.
5.5 Solvent Application
Solvent shall be used for the removal of penetrant by wiping with a lint-free
material. Flushing the surface with solvent following the application of
penetrant and prior to developing is prohibited. Allow surface solvent to
evaporate before applying developer.
5.6 Developer Application
An even developing film shall cover the entire surface under inspection.
Minimum distance to produce such film shall be at least 12 inches away
from surface of inspection. The length of time for the developer to
remain on the surface of interest should be at least 7 minutes. If bleed out
does not alter the inspection results, development period of over 30
minutes are permitted.
5.7 Post Cleaning
Post cleaning is necessary where residual penetrant and developer

promotes corrosion or interfere with other processes.
6.0 TEST PROCEDURE

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6.1 Surface Preparation
Ensure that surface of interest to be tested is free of paint, grease, oil,

dust, lint, scales and spatters.
Grinding and machining may be applied only when surface irregularities

might mask indication of unacceptable discontinuities.
6.2 Testing Media
Solvent removable system consisting of the following shall be used

(aerosol spray type). Samples of Brands.
A1 Magnaflux RPC Cleaner/Removal
A2 Magnaflux RP Penetrant
A3 Magnaflux RPD Developer
OR
B1 Ardrox - Tracer-Tech D495A Developer
B2 Ardrox - Tracer-Tech P300A Red Dye Penetrant
B3 Ardrox - Tracer-Tech K410C Penetrant Remover
or equivalently fit for use brands.
6.3 Penetrant Application
Apply the penetrant to the entire surface to be inspected. Allow a

minimum dwelling time of 5 minutes and to a maximum of 20 minutes.
6.4 Solvent Application

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Clean lint-free material wets with solvent shall be used to remove the
penetrant. Care should be taken not to apply solvent too extensively.
Direct spraying of solvent to remove penetrant is not to be practised.
6.5 Developer Application
Allow solvent to dry before applying developer. Direct the developer at

approximately 12 inches away from the surface to be inspected and apply
only a thin and even film. Mark all defect indication.
7.0 INSPECTION
Inspection shall be done while applying the developer. Final interpretation shall
be made after allowing the penetrant to bleed out for 7 minutes to 30 minutes.
Longer periods acceptable if the surface to be examined is not altered by the
bleed out. If the surface to be examined is so large as to preclude complete
examination within the prescribed time, then only portions of the surface shall be
examined at any one time.
8.0 INTERPRETATION
Interpretation shall be made at intervals during the ‘bleed out’ process so that the
large indication may be viewed before excessive diffusion occurs.
Localized surface irregularities such as machining marks or other surface

irregularities may also produce indication. Such indications shall not be treated
as non-relevant until and unless proven to be one.
9.0 EVALUATION OF INDICATION
Relevant indications are those, which result from mechanical discontinuities.
a. Linear indication is those indications in which the length is more than

three times the width. Only indications with major dimensions greater
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than 1.6mm shall be considered relevant.
b. Rounded indications or indications, which are circular or elliptical with the

length less than three times the width.
c. Any questionable or doubtful indications shall be retested to verify

whether or not actual defects are present.
d. Localised surface imperfection, such as may occur from machining

marks. Surface conditions, or an incomplete bond between base metal
and cladding, may produce similar indications which are nor relevant to
the detection of unacceptable discontinuities.
The Acceptance / Rejection Criteria shall be in accordance with Appendix 8,

ASME VIII Div.1 ASME B31.3 (2004) for Piping.
11.0 REPORTING
All tests carried out shall be reported in a Format No : 10-01-F10 Rev.0

(See Appendix 1)
12.0 APPENDIX
APPENDIX 1: SURFACE EXAMINATION REPORT.
APPENDIX 1

Non Destructive Testing Procedure UT, RT, MT, PT (ASME)

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DOC. NO.

PREPARED BY: _______________________

REVIEWED BY: _______________________

RESPONSIBLE DEPARTMENT: QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT

Date Change / Revision / Rev. Prepared by Approved By

25/05/2006 Change of company 2

This NDT Procedure consists of Four Parts:

PART A - ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION

PART B - RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

PART C - MAGNETIC PARTICLE EXAMINATION

PART D - DYE PENETRANT EXAMINATION

3.0 SAFETY AND PRECAUTION HAZARD

4.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION…………………………………………………. 6

5.0 EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS…………………………………………………. 7

6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS………………………………… 8

7.0 BASIC CALIBRATION BLOCK…………………………………………………. 10

8.0 SYSTEM CALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION

9.0 EXAMINATION OF WELDS………………………………….………………….. 12

11.0 DEFECT SIZING (LENGTH)………………………………….………………….. 14

12.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA……………………………………………………….. 14

ASME Section V : 2004 Edition.

3.0 SAFETY PRECAUTION AND HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

Ultrasonic Inspector shall be qualified to the following:

5.0 EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENT

5.5 Frequency of straight beam probes shall be between 1 MHz

6.0 GENERAL EXAMINATION REQUIREMENT

6.1 Examination Coverage

6.2 Rate of Search Unit Movement

6.3 Scanning Sensitivity Level

Scanning shall be performed at a gain setting at least two times the

6.4 Transducer Scanning Pattern

6.4.1 Transverse Motion

This movement is necessary to examine the complete cross

6.4.2 Lateral Motion

This movement should be made to scan the specified length of the

6.4.3 Swiveling Motion

6.4.4 Transverse Scanning

On cases where transverse defects in the weld is to be detected,

6.5 Transfer Correction

In the event calibration is not performed on an off-cut of the component to be

7.0 BASIC CALIBRATION BLOCK

If examination will be conducted from both sides, calibration reflectors shall

7.3 Surface Finish

7.4 Block Quality

The calibration block material shall be completely examined with a straight

7.5 Basic Calibration Reflectors

The calibration block and reflector configurations shall be as specified in

7.6 Materials with diameters greater than 508mm

For examination of materials where the examination surface diameter is

7.7 Material with diameters less than 508mm.

8.0 SYSTEM CALIBRATION AND CALIBRATION CONFIRMATION

8.1 System Calibration

Calibration shall include the complete ultrasonic examination system. The

8.2 Calibration Check

Calibration check shall be performed before commencement of a test.

Such changes may include:

1. Changes of transducer or cable

8.3 Sweep Range Correction

8.4 DAC Correction

9.0 EXAMINATION OF WELDS

9.1 Surface Preparation

9.2 Straight Beam Scanning

Straight beam scanning of the adjacent base metal shall be performed to