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Sylvia Xi
Section #1030
1/25/19
Introduction
Food dyes are used in many common beverages and foods. While food dyes serve no
nutritional purpose, they provide an attractive color to many different sports or soft drinks,
desserts, and even meat. Without realizing, food dye is present in several things, for example in a
colored sports drink, a cupcake decorated with red frosting, or just a piece of colored candy. Not
only does food dye contribute to the appeal of things, it also serves to help people make
connections to their pertaining description. For example, as perception of food flavor is closely
tied to its color, people naturally associate yellow-colored drinks to be lemon flavored or purple
In this experiment, we are using diluted standard solution of Red, Yellow, and Blue
FD&C food dyes and comparing them to the Red, Yellow, and Blue FD&C food dye
concentrations present in the name brand beverage. To find the concentrations, the absorption
spectrometer will be used. The sample of the name brand beverage is analyzed using absorption
spectroscopy to determine the exact combination and concentration of food dyes present in the
beverage. The objective of this experiment is to determine the identities and concentration of
food dyes in a given sample of a name brand beverage and to prepare a solution that contains the
Referring back to the previous lab: Lab 7, Using Absorption Spectroscopy to Determine
Concentration, we know that the greater the concentration of a solution, the more absorbing
species there are per unit volume of solution makes for more light absorption, thus making
concentrated solutions appear darker. This relationship is described mathematically by the Beer
Lambert Law:
A =εbc
where A = absorbance, ε= molar absorptivity, b = path length, and c = concentration
since the molar absorbity and path length remain constant throughout.
In relation to this experiment, if a certain color is more visually present in the name brand
In order to create the Beer-Lambert plot, we must first make diluted standard solutions of
M1V1 = M2V2
and diluting each FD&C Blue, Yellow, and Red solution. When reviewing data in the measure
net, the different diluted standard solutions will be used to be compared to the food dye
concentrations present in the name brand beverage. The measure net will graph the
absorbance(y) in relation to the wavelengths(x), and the absorbance at the lambda max(highest
wavelength) will be used to determine the final concentration of the food dyes present in the
Sample of Name Brand Beverage- What we will be testing in order to find which food dyes
Solution of FD&C Blue #1 (6.75x10-6 M)- One of the food dye possibilities present in Name
Solution of FD&C Red #40 (4.00x10-5 M)- One of the food dye possibilities present in Name
Solution of FD&C Yellow #5 (4.00x10-5 M)- One of the food dye possibilities present in Name
Brand Beverage
Materials
Cuvettes- Container/storage for all standard solutions and Name Brand Beverage
Absorption Spectrometer-The spectrophotometer compares the light that leaves the source to the
light that reaches the detector after passing through the sample.
MeasureNet- Used to graph all the solutions, shows lambda max (wavelength) which is used to
Common Laboratory Equipment- Tables, and basic lab equipment such as goggles and gloves
Procedure
1. First, obtain all materials and reagents required (listed above in materials and reagents
section)
2. Using the volumetric flask and graduated pipette, determine how you will create your
FD&C Red, Yellow, and Blue. When preparing solutions, always fill cuvettes at least ¾
full.
3. Turn on your MeasureNet station. Press Main Menu, choose the Spectroscopy option,
then press “F2 Absorption”, then press “Display” to accept the default values.
6. To zero, take the light block cuvette that is at the spectrometer, wipe it off with a
Kimwipe, place it fully in the sample holder, and then press the “Zero” button.
7. Place in your reference cuvette(filled with distilled water), press “Reference” and wait for
8. Remove that cuvette from the sample compartment and replace it with your actual
9. Be sure to orient your cuvette with the clear sides in line with the light source and
detector. Press “Sample” and wait for the process to complete. The data will be sent back
10. If good data, press “File Options”>“F3 Save.” Choose a 3 digit file number specific to
that file and press enter. The station will then prompt you to hit “Display” to ready the
station for your next data measurement. If you do not like your data and wish to run your
sample again, simply hit “Display” instead of going through the save process.
11. Empty your sample cuvette into the liquid waste container, rinse it well with distilled
water making sure any rinse waste also makes it into the waste container and then dry it
with a Kimwipe.
12. Repeat steps 7-13 to record absorption spectra of your remaining standard solutions and
13. After you have finished, clean up your area, return supplies and email data to yourself.
Data
5
Bibliography
https://www.stellarnet.us/wp-content/uploads/StellarNet-Exp1_Abs_FoodDyes.pdf
http://pages.mtu.edu/~kmsmith/SYP/Student/Thursday/SpecFoodDyes.pdf
https://sensing.konicaminolta.us/blog/identifying-food-dyes-with-spectrophotometers/