Mole Concept PDF

Section (A) : Laws of chemical combination, Molar volume
of ideal gases at STP, Average molar mass MOLE CONCEPT (MOL)
Refer for it introduction to chemistry folder

SCQ
1. Common salt obtained from sea - water contains 96% NaCl by mass. The approximate number of mol-
ecules present in 10.0 g of the salt is (At. wt. Na = 23) (MOL1) [E]
lk/kkj.k ued tks leqnz ls izkIr gksrk gS mlesa nzO;eku dk 96% NaCl gksrk gSA ued ds 10.0 g esa ls mifLFkr v.kqvksa dh
la[;k yxHkx gksxh % (ijek.kq Hkkj Na = 23)
(1) 1021 (2) 1022 (3*) 1023 (4) 1024 (5) 1025
[T.B._08-09_11.38]
Sol. Mass of NaCl = 10 × 0.96 = 9.6 g
9. 6
moles of NaCl =
58.5
9. 6
no. of molecules = × 6.023 × 1023 ~ 1023
58.5
gy- NaCl dk nzO;eku = 10 × 0.96 = 9.6 g
9. 6
NaCl dk eksy =
58.5
9. 6
v.kqvksa dh la[;k = × 6.023 × 1023 ~ 1023
58.5
2. A mixture of HCl(g), PCl3(g) and PCl5(s), each have equal number of Cl-atom then their molar ratio in the
mixture is : (MOL1) [M]
,d HCl(g), PCl3(g) rFkk PCl5(s), ds feJ.k esa izR;sd Cl-ijek.kq dh leku la[;k j[krs gS rks feJ.k esa budk eksyj vuqikr
Kkr djks &
(1) 1 : 3 : 5 (2) 1 : 1 : 1 (3) 15 : 2 : 3 (4*) 15 : 5 : 3
(5) 15 : 3 : 2
N
Sol. Let their are N atom in each then moles of Cl-atoms = N
A
N
;fn izR;sd esa N ijek.kq gS rks Cl-ijek.kq ds eksy = N
A
HCl : PCl3 : PCl5

N 1 N 1 N
NA : 3 NA : 5 NA
15 : 5 : 3
3. Two elements X (at-mass 16) and Y (at-mass 14) combine to form compounds A, B and C. The ratio of
different masses of Y which combines with a fixed mass of X in A,B and C is 1 : 3 : 5. If 32 parts by mass
of X combines with 84 parts by mass of Y in B, then in C 16 parts by mass of X will combine with :
(Mole Concept-1) [M]
(1) 14 parts by mass of Y (2) 42 parts by mass of Y
(3*) 70 parts by mass of Y (4) 84 parts by mass of Y
nks rRo X (ijek.kq Hkkj 16) vkSj Y (ijek.kq Hkkj 14) la;qDr gksdj ;kSfxd A, B rFkk C cukrs gSaA A,B vkSj C esa Y ds fofHkUu
nzO;ekuksa dk vuqikr tks fd X ds fuf'pr nzO;eku ds lkFk la;qDr gksrs gSa] 1 : 3 : 5 gSA ;fn B esa X dk 32 Hkkx Hkkj] Y
ds 84 Hkkj Hkkx ls la;qDr gksrk gS] rks C esa X dk 16 Hkkj Hkkx ls la;qDr gksxk :
(1) Y ds Hkkj dk 14 Hkkx (2) Y ds Hkkj dk 42 Hkkx (3*) Y ds Hkkj dk 70 Hkkx (4) Y ds Hkkj dk 84 Hkkx
\\server-1\Session 2014-15\JEE (ADVANCED)\CHEMISTRY\Section Wise Test Bank 14-15\Physical Page # 1

Chemistry\1. Mole Concept\Laws of Combin.....
4. The ratio of coefficients of MnO4– and I– after balancing the reaction - [Mole Concept] [M]
vfHkfØ;k dks larqfyr djus ds i'pkr~ MnO4– I– o ds xq.kkadksa dk vuqikr fuEu gS&
+ 2+
MnO4 + I + H  Mn + I2 + H2O, will be
– –
(A*) 1 : 5 (B) 2 : 5 (C) 1 : 20 (D) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)

Sol. 5e–+ 8H+ + MnO4–  Mn2+ + 4H2O × (2)
2I–  I2 + 2e– × (5)
__________________________________________
16H+ + 2MnO4– + 10 I–  2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5I2
__________________________________________
Ratio of coefficients of MnO4– and I– = 2/10 = 1/5

MnO4– o I– ds fy, xq.kkadks dk vuqi kr
5. The respective ratio of weight of oxygen in samples of pure CuO and Cu2O, if both samples contain the same
mass of copper, is : [E]
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 1 : 1 (C*) 2 : 1 (D) none of these
Sol. Ratio of weight of oxygen in samples = Ratio of valency of Cu in two compounds = 2 : 1
6. 284 g of mixture of CaCO3 and MgCO3 is heated to a constant weight. If total volume of CO2 produced is
67.2L at STP, then find the mass of residue left. [M]
(A) 284 g (B) 132 g (C) 240 g (D*) 152 g.
CaCO3 o MgCO3 ds 284 g feJ.k dks ,d fu;r Hkkj rd xeZ fd;k tkrk gSA ;fn STP ij mRikfnr CO2 dk dqy vk;ru
67.2L gS] rks 'ks"k cps vof'k"V dk nzO;eku Kkr djksA
(A) 284 g (B) 132 g (C) 240 g (D*) 152 g.
67.2
Sol. Moles of CO2 evolved = = 2 moles
22.4
Mass of CO2 evolved = 3 × 44 = 132 g
mass of residue left = 284 – 132 = 152 g
Total mass = 152 g.
67.2
gy fu"dkflr CO2 ds eksy = = 2 moles
22.4
fu"dkflr CO2 dk nzO;eku = 3 × 44 = 132 g
'ks"k cps vif'k"V dk nzO;eku = 284 – 132 = 152 g
dqy nzO;eku = 152 g.
40
7. A metal oxide was found to contain % oxygen. If the formula of oxide is, MO2 then molar mass of M is:
3
[E]
40
,d /kkrq vkWDlkbM % vkWDlhtu j[krk gSA ;fn vkWDlkbM dk lw=k MO2 gS] rks eksyj nzO;eku M fuEu gS %
3
(A) 52 g/mol (B) 104 g/mol (C*) 208 g/mol (D) 101 g/mol
Sol. In 100 g of metal oxide, (100 g /kkrq vkWDlkbM esa)
40 40 5
oxygen vkWDlhtu = g, moles of oxygen (vkWDlhtu ds eksy) = = .
3 3  16 6
40
mass of metal (/kkrq dk nzO;eku) = 100 –
3
300 – 40 260
= =
3 3
260
If molar mass of M is X, then moles of M (M dks eksyj nzO;eku X gS] rks (M) ds eksy =
3X

260
3X 1
 5 =
2
6
260  2 1
 =
5X 2
X = 52 × 4 = 208 g/mol.
8. The weight of a molecule of the compound C6H12O6 is : [E]

(A) 1.09 × 10–21 g (B*) 2.988 × 10–22 g (C) 5.025 × 10–23 g (D) 16.023 × 10–23 g
;kSfxd C6H12O6 ds ,d v.kq dk Hkkj fuEu gS %
(A) 1.09 × 10–21 g (B*) 2.988 × 10–22 g (C) 5.025 × 10–23 g (D) 16.023 × 10–23 g
Sol. Gram mol. wt. of C6H12O6 = 180 g
i.e. wt. of 6.023 × 1023 molecules = 180
180
so wt. of 1 molecules = = 2.988 × 10–22 g.
6.023  1023
gy- C6H12O6 dk xzke v.kqHkkj = 180 gm
vFkkZr] 6.023 × 1023 v.kq dk Hkkj = 180
180
blfy, 1 v.kq dk Hkkj = = 2.988 × 10–22 g.
6.023  1023
9. 5.6 litre of oxygen at STP contains : [E]

(A) 6.02 × 10 atoms (B*) 3.01 × 10 atoms (C) 1.505 × 10 atoms (D) 0.7525 × 1023 atoms
23 23 23
STP ij 5.6 yhVj vkWDlhtu esa gksxsa :

(A) 6.02 × 1023 ijek.kq (B*) 3.01 × 1023 ijek.kq (C) 1.505 × 1023 ijek.kq (D) 0.7525 × 1023 ijek.kq
5.6
Sol. mole (eksy)=
22.4
5.6 1
 no. of molecule (v.kq dh la[;k) = × 2Na = × 6.02 × 1023 = 3.01 × 1023 atoms (ijek.kq)
22.4 2
10. 5.6 litres of gas at STP are found to have a mass of 11 g. The molecular mass of the gas is : [E]
STP ij 5.6 yhVj xSl 11 gdk nzO;eku j[krs gSaA xSl dk v.kq Hkkj fuEUk gS :
(A) 22 u (B*) 44 u (C) 88 u (D) 32 u
5.6 1
Sol. moles of gas (xSl ds eksy) = =
22.4 4
1 11
=
4 GMM
GMM = 44 g/mol
11. The number of atoms of oxygen present in 10.6 g of Na2CO3 will be : [E]
10.6 g Na2CO3 esa mifLFkr vkWDlhtu ds ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k fuEUk gksxk %
(A) 6.02 × 1022 (B) 12.04 × 1022 (C*) 1.806 × 1023 (D) 31.8
10.6
Sol. Number of atom (ijek.kq dh la[;k) = × NA × 3 = 0.3 NA = 1.806 × 1023
106
12. Total number of neutrons present in 4g of heavy water (D2O) is : (Where NA represents Avogadro's number)
[M]
Hkkjh ikuh (D2O) ds 4 g esa mifLFkr U;wVªkWuksa dh dqy la[;k fuEu gS % (tgk¡ NA vkoksxknzks la[;k n'kkZrk gS)
(A*) 2NA (B) 4NA (C) 1.2NA (D) 2.4NA

4 1
Sol. Moles of D2O = =
20 5
No. of neutrons in D = 1 and in oxygen = 8
So, total no. of neutrons in 1 mole D2O = 10 NA
1 1
Now, in moles D2O, no. of neutrons = 10 NA  = 2 NA
5 5
4 1
D2O ds eksy = =
20 5
D esaU;wVªkWuksa dh la[;k = 1 rFkk vkWDlhtu esa U;wVªkWuksa dh la[;k = 8
vr%] 1 eksy D2O esa dqy U;wVªkWuksa dh la[;k = 10 NA
1 1
vc] eksy D2O esa U;wVªkWuksa dh la[;k = 10 NA  = 2 NA
5 5
13. The number of molecules present in a drop of water weighing 0.06 g is approximately : [E]
0.6 Hkkj okyh ty dh ,d cawn esa mifLFkr v.kqvksa dh la[;k (yxHkx) fuEu gS %
(A) 1021 (B*) 2 × 1021 (C) 3 × 1021 (D) 4 × 1021
.06
Sol. Number of molecules (v.kqvksa dh la[;k) = N = 2 × 1021
18 A
14. Which of the following has maximum mass ? [M]

(A) 0.1 g atom of carbon (B) 0.1 mol of ammonia
(C) 6.02 × 1022 molecules of hydrogen gas (D*) 1120 cc of carbon dioxide at STP
fuEUk esa ls mPpre nzO;eku fdldk gS \
(A) dkcZu ds 0.1 xzke ijek.kq (B) 0.1 eksy
veksfu;k
(C) gkbMªkstu xSl ds 6.02 × 1022 v.kq (D*) STP ij dkcZUkMkbZvkWDlkbM ds 1120 cc
Sol. 0.1 g atom C = 1.2 g
0.1 mol NH3 = 1.7 g
6.02 × 1022 molecule of H2 = 0.2 g
1120
1120 ml CO2 = × 44 = 2.2 g
22400
gy % 0.1 g ijek.kq C = 1.2 g
0.1 eksy NH3 = 1.7 g
H2 ds 6.02 × 1022 v.kq = 0.2 g
1120
1120 ml CO2 = × 44 = 2.2 g
22400
15. Volume at STP of 0.22 g of CO2 is same as that of : [M]

(A) 0.01 g of hydrogen (B) 0.085 g of NH3
(C) 320 mg of gaseous SO2 (D*) All the above
CO2 ds 0.22 g ds fy, STP ij vk;ru fuEu ds cjkcj gS :
(A) 0.01 g gkbMªkstu ds (B) 0.085 g NH3 ds
(C) 320 mg xSlh; SO2 ds (D*) mijksDr lHkh
0.22
Sol. 0.22 g CO2 = mol
44
0.01
0.01 g H2 = mol
2
0.085
0.085 g NH3 = mol
17

0.32
320 mg SO2 = mol
64
All are same. (lHkh leku gSaA)
16. An electric bulb was filled with 100 mL of argon gas (At. mass = 40) at 0ºC and 1 atm pressure. The number
of atoms of argon present in the bulb is : [E]
0°C o 1 atm nkc ij vkWxZu xSl (ijek.kq Hkkj = 40) ds 100 mL ds lkFk ,d oS|qr cYc dks Hkjk x;kA cYc esa mifLFkfr
vkxZu ds ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k fuEu gS :
(A) 40000 (B*) 2.68 × 1021 (C) 3.3 × 1024 (D) 5.4 × 1021
100
Sol. Number of Ar atoms (Ar ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k) = × NA
22400
602  10 21
=
224
= 2.68 × 1021
17. 0.2 moles of an unknown compound weigh 5.6 g. The unknown compound is : [E]
,d vKkr ;kSfxd ds 0.2 eksy dk Hkkj 5.6 g gSA vKkr ;kSfxd fuEUk gS :
(A) N2 (B) CO2 (C*) CO (D) N2O
5.6 g
Sol. 0.2 moles =  Molar mass = 28 g
molar mass
Both N2 and CO have molar mass 28 g but N2 is element and CO is a compound.
5.6 g
gy % 0.2 eksy =  eksyj nzO;eku = 28 g
eksy j nzO; eku
N2 o CO nksuksa dk eksyj nzO;eku 28 g gksrk gS ysfdu N2 rRo gS o CO ,d ;kSfxd gSA
18. Four one-litre flasks are separately filled with the gases hydrogen, helium, oxygen and ozone at the same
temperature and pressure. The ratio of total number of atoms of these gases present in the different flasks
would be : [E]
leku rki o nkc ij xSlksa gkbMªkstu] ghfy;e] vkWDlhtu ds lkFk ,d yhVj okys pkj ¶ykLd dks i`Fkd :i ls Hkjk tkrk
gSA fHkUu QykLdksa esa mifLFkr bu xSlksa dh ijek.kqvksa dh dqy la[;k dk vuqikr fuEUk gksxk %
(A) 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 (B) 1 : 2 : 2 : 3 (C*) 2 : 1 : 2 : 3 (D) 3 : 2 : 2 : 1
Sol. All gases will have same number of molecules according to Avogadro's hypothesis
So ratio of atoms = Ratio of atomicity
=2:1:2:3
gy% vkoxknzks ifjdYiuk ds vuqlkj lHkh xSlksa ds fy, v.kqvksa dh la[;k leku gksrh gSA
blfy, ijek.kqvksa dk vuqikr = ijek.kqdrk dk vuqikr
=2:1:2:3
19. If 1021 molecules are removed from 200 mg of CO2, then the number of moles of CO2 left are : [M]
;fn 200 mg CO2 ls 1021 v.kq gVk;s tkrs gSa] rks 'ks"k cps CO2 ds eksyksa dh la[;k fuEUk gSa :
(A*) 2.88 × 10–3 (B) 28.8 × 10–3 (C) 0.288 × 10–3 (D) 1.66 × 10–2
0.2
Sol. 200 mg CO2 = mol CO2
44
0.2 10 21
Remaining mole of CO2 (CO2 ds 'ks"k cps eksy) = –
44 6.02  10 23
1 1
= –
220 600

600  220
=
220  600
380 38
= =
220  600 22  600
19 19
= = × 10–2
11 600 66
= 2.88 × 10–3
20. 19.7 kg of gold was recovered from a smuggler. How many atoms of gold were recovered? (Au = 197) [E]
,d Lexyj ls 19.7 kg xkWYM izkIr gqvkA xkWYM ds fdrus ijek.kq izkIr gq, \ (Au = 197)
(A) 100 (B) 6.02 × 1023 (C) 6.02 × 1024 (D*) 6.02 × 1025
19.7  10 3
Sol. Number of gold atoms (xkWYM ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k) = NA
197
= 6.02 × 1025
21. Which of the following has least weight ? [M]

(A) 2 g atom of N (at wt. of N = 14) (B*) 3 × 1023 atoms of C (at wt. of C = 12)
(C) 1 mole of S (at wt. of S = 32) (D) 7 g silver (at. wt. of Ag = 108)
fuEu esa ls fdldk Hkkj lcls de gS \
(A) N dk 2 xzke ijek.kq (N dk ijek.kq Hkkj = 14) (B*) C ds 3 × 1023 ijek.kq (C dk ijek.kq Hkkj = 12)
(C) S dk 1 eksy (S dk ijek.kq Hkkj = 32) (D) 7 g jtr (Ag dk ijek.kq Hkkj = 108)
Sol. 2g atom N = 28 g
3 × 1023 atoms C = 6 g
1 mol S = 32 g.
gy % 2g ijek.kq N = 28 g
3 × 1023 ijek.kq C = 6 g
1 eksy S = 32 g.
22. 112 mL of NO2(g) at STP was liquefied, the density of the liquid being 1.15 g mL–1. Calculate the volume of
liquid and the number of molecules in the liquid NO2 : [M]
(A) 0.10 mL and 3.01 × 1022 (B*) 0.20 mL and 3.01 × 1021
(C) 0.20 mL and 6.02 × 1023 (D) 0.40 mL and 6.02 × 1021
STP ij NO2 (g) ds 112 mL dks nzohd`r fd;k tkrk gS] rks nzo dk ?kuRo 1.15 g mL–1 ik;k tkrk gSA nzo NO2 esa v.kqvksa
dh la[;k vkSj nzo ds vk;ru dh x.kuk djks :
(A) 0.10 mL rFkk 3.01 × 1022 (B*) 0.20 mL rFkk 3.01 × 1021
(C) 0.20 mL rFkk 6.02 × 1023 (D) 0.40 mL rFkk 6.02 × 1021
112
Sol. Moles of NO2 = = 0.005  mass of NO2 () = 0.005  46 = 0.23 g
22400
Mass 0.23
 volume of NO2 () = Density = = 0.2 mL
1.15
 molecules of liquid NO2 = moles  NA = 0.005  NA = 3.01  1021.

112
gy NO2 ds eksy = = 0.005  NO2 () dk nzO;eku = 0.005  46 = 0.23 g
22400
Hkkj 0.23
 NO2 () dk vk;ru = = = 0.2 mL
?kuRo 1.15
 nzo NO2 ds v.kq = eksy  NA = 0.005  NA = 3.01  1021.

4
23. A sample of oxygen containing N mol of oxygen is
A
represented on a Y-map where its volume at NTP,
mass of the sample and number of particles are
shown. Study the map & choose the correct option.
(A) Y-map is correct [E]
(B) mass of sample is wrong
(C*) Number of ‘O’ atoms is wrong
(D) Volume of oxygen is wrong
4
vkWDlhtu dk ,d uewuk vkWDlhtu ds NA eksy j[krk gS
ftls Y-vkjs[k ij n'kkZ;k x;k gS tgka bldk NTP ij vk;ru]
uewus dk nzO;eku] vkSj d.kksa dh la[;k n'kkZ;h x;h gS vkjs[k
dk v/;;u dhft;s rFkk lgh mÙkj dk p;u dhft;sA
(A) Y-vkjs[k lgh gSA
(B) uewus dk nzO;eku xyr gSA
(C*) 'O' ijek.kq dh la[;k xyr gSA
(D) vkWDlhtu dk vk;ru xyr gSA
4 4
Sol. (Moderate) N mole of O2 = N × 22.4 Ltr O2
A A
4
= N × NA molecule of O2 = 4 molecule of O2
A
= 8 atoms of O
= 8 × 16 = 128 amu
4 4
Sol. (Moderate) N O2 ds eksy = N × 22.4 Ltr O2
A A
4
= N × NA O2 ds v.kq = O2 ds 4 v.kq
A
= O ds 8 ijek.kq = 8 × 16 = 128 amu
24. Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT ? [E]

(A) One gram atom of carbon contains Avogadro number of atoms
(B) One mole of oxygen gas contains Avogadro number of molecules
(C*) One mole of hydrogen contains Avogadro number of atoms
(D) One mole of electrons will weigh nearly 0.547 mg.
fuEUk esa ls dkSulk ,d dFku xyr gS ?
(A) dkcZu dk ,d xzke ijek.kq ijek.kqvksa dh vkokxknzks la[;k j[krk gS
(B) vkWDlhtu xSl dk ,d eksy] v.kqvksa dh vkokxknzksa la[;k j[krk gS
(C*) 1 eksy gkbMªkstu] ijek.kqvksa dh vkokxknzksa la[;k j[krk gS
(D) 1 eksy bysDVªkWu dk Hkkj yxHkx 0.547 mg gksrk gSA
Sol. 1 mol Hydrogen means 2 mol H atoms
mass of 1 mol electron
= 9.1× 10–31 × 6.02 × 1023 × 106 mg

= 0.547 mg
gy % 1 eksy gkbMªkstu dk vFkZ 2 eksy H ijek.kq gksrk gS
1 eksy bysDVªkWu dk nzO;eku
= 9.1× 10–31 × 6.02 × 1023 × 106 mg
= 0.547 mg
25. A person adds 1.71 gram of sugar (C12H22O11) in order to sweeten his tea. The number of carbon atoms
added are (mol. mass of sugar = 342) [E]
,d O;fDr Loa; dh pk; dks ehBk djus ds fy, 1.71 xzke 'kdZjk (C12H22O11) feykrk gSA feyk;s x;s dkcZu ijek.kqvksa dh
la[;k fuEu gSa % ('kdZjk dk v.kqHkkj = 342)
(A*) 3.6 × 1022 (B) 7.2 × 1021 (C) 0.05 (D) 6.6 × 1022
1.71
Sol. Number of C atoms (C ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k) = × 12 × NA = 3.6 × 1022
342
26. Which of the following statement is correct for gas A having molar mass 16 g and density 1.75 g/l at
2 atm pressure and 27°C temperature. [E]
(A*) Force of attraction are dominating than force of repulsion among the gas molecules.
(B) Force of repulsion are dominating than force of attraction among the gas molecules.
(C) Gas behaves ideally.
(D) Gas is more compressible than the ideal gas.
2 ok;qe.Myh; nkc rFkk 27° C rki ij xSl A dk eksyj nzO;eku 16 g rFkk ?kuRo 1.75 g/l gS] rks fuEu esa ls dkSulk dFku
lR; gSA
(A*) xSl ds v.kqvksa ds e/; izfrd"kZ.k cy dh rqyuk esa vkd"kZ.k cy izHkkoh gSaA
(B) xSl ds v.kqvksa ds e/; vkd"kZ.k cy dh rqyuk esa izfrd"kZ.k cy izHkkoh gSaA
(C) xSl ds v.kq vkn'kZ O;ogkj j[krs gSA
(D) xSl vf/kd laihM~; gS ¼vkn'kZ xSl dh rqyuk esa½
Sol. PM = dRT
PM 2  16
d= = 0.0821 300 = 1.3
RT
density of gas is higher than ideal gas.
xSl dk ?kuRo vkn'kZ xSl ls vf/kd gSA
27. A gaseous mixture of H2 and CO2 gas contains 88% by mass of CO2 . The vapour density of the mixture is :
[E]
(A) 19.48 (B) 11.5 (C*) 6.25 (D) Cannot be determined
H2 rFkk CO2 xSl ds ,d xSlh; feJ.k esa CO2 dk nzO;eku izfr'kr 88% gSA feJ.k dk ok"i ?kuRo D;k gksxk %
(A) 19.48 (B) 11.5 (C*) 6.25 (D) Kkr ugha fd;k tk ldrk
Sol. Let total mass of mixture be 100 g

88 12
Number of moles of CO2 = =2 Number of moles of H2 = =6
44 2
Total mass 100

Mavg = = = 12.5  VD = 12.5/2 = 6.25
Total moles 8
gy % ekuk fd feJ.k dk dqy Hkkj 100 g gSA
88 12
CO2 ds eksyksa dh la[;k = =2 H2 ds eksyksa dh la[;k = =6
44 2
d qy Hkkj 100
Mavg = d qy eksy = 8 = 12.5  ok"i ?kuRo = 12.5/2 = 6.25

28. X and Y are two elements which form X2 Y3 and X3Y4. If 0.20 mol of X2Y3 weighs 32.0 g and 0.4 mol of X3Y4
weighs 92.8 g, the atomic weights of X and Y are respectively. [M]
(A) 16.0 and 56.0 (B) 8.0 and 28.0 (C*) 56.0 and 16.0 (D) 28.0 and 8.0
X vkSj Y nks rRo gS tks X2 Y3 vkSj X3Y4 cukrs gSA ;fn X2Y3 ds 0.20 eksy dk Hkkj 32.0 g vkSj X3Y4 ds 0.4 eksy dk Hkkj
92.8 g gS]rc X vkSj Y dk ijek.kq Hkkj Øe'k% gksxk %
(A) 16.0 rFkk 56.0 (B) 8.0 rFkk 28.0 (C*) 56.0 rFkk 16.0 (D) 28.0 rFkk 8.0
32
Sol. 2x  3 y = 0.2
92.8
3 x  4 y = 0.4 Solving we get x = 56 & y = 16 (gy djus ij gesa izkIr gksrk gS] x = 56 rFkk y = 16)
29. 12 g of carbon is completely converted into Glucose (C6H12O6), through a series of reactions. The mass of
glucose produced is : [E]
(A) 15g (B*) 30g (C) 60g (D) 120g
Sol. 6 × 12 = 72 g carbon.............180 g glucose.
12  180
So, 12 g carbon............. = 30 g glucose.
72
MCQ
1. From a sample of O2, NA atoms of O and 20 g of O2 was removed then 5.6  O3 at STP was added to this.
Mass of resultant sample is 18 gm then which of following is (are) correct : [M]
(A*) Mass of original sample was 42 g
(B*) Total removed mass is 36 g
(C*) Resultant sample is in the form of O3 if it occupies 8.4  at STP
(D) Total removed mass is 28 g
O2 ds ,d izkn'kZ ls O ds NA ijek.kq o 20 g, O2 gVk;s x;s] rks STP ij blesa 5.6  O3 feyk;s x;sA ifj.kkeh izkn'kZ dk
nzO;eku 18 gm gS] rks fuEu esa ls dkSulk dFku lgh gS@gSa :
(A*) okLrfod izkn'kZ dk nzO;eku 42 g gS
(B*) dqy gVk;h x;k nzO;eku 36 g gS
(C*) STP ij ;fn ;g 8.4  ?ksjrk gS] rks ifj.kkeh izkn'kZ O3 ds :i esa gksaA
(D) dqy gVk;k x;k nzO;eku 28 g gS
5.6
Ans. x g Oxygen – NA atoms – 20 g O2 + mol O3 = 18 g
22.4
x – 16 – 20 + 12 = 18
x = 42 gm
18
mols of resultant sample =
16 x
18 8.4
= x=3
16 x 22.4
5.6
gy % x g vkWDlhtu – NA ijek.kqvksa – 20 g O2 + mol O3 = 18 g
22.4
x – 16 – 20 + 12 = 18
x = 42 g
18
ifj.kkeh izkn'kZ ds eksy =
16 x
18 8.4
= x=3
16 x 22.4
2. A mixture contain 15 g C2H6 (g) and 8 g CH4(g) then which of the following are correct : [T]
(A*) Molar mass of mixture is 23 g/mol
(B*) Mass of H in the mixture is 5 g
(C) If above two gases are separated and taken at STP then both gases will have same number of atoms
(D) Relative density of mixture with respect to He is 11.5

,d feJ.k 15 g C2H6 (xSl) o 8 g CH4 (xSl) ;qDr gksrk gS] rks fuEu esa ls dkSuls lR; gSa %
(A*) feJ.k dk eksyj nzO;eku 23 g/mol gSA
(B*) feJ.k esa H dk nzO;eku 5 g gSA
(C) ;fn mijksDr nks xSl i`Fkd fd;s tkrs gSa rFkk STP ij fy;s tkrs gSa] rc nksuksa xSls ijek.kqvksa dh leku la[;k j[krs gSaA
(D) He ds lkis{k feJ.k dk vkisf{kd ?kuRo 11.5 gSA
15  8
Ans. GMM of mixture (feJ.k dk GMM) = 15 = 23 g/mol
8

30 16
15 8
mass of H (H dk nzO;eku) = ×6+ × 4 = 3 + 2 = 5 g.
30 16
A/R
Comprehension :
Paragraph for Question Nos. 1 to 2
iz'u 1 ls 2 ds fy, vuqPNsn
% purity of a substance refers to the % of pure substance present in a given sample. For instance, if a
sample of silica weighing 250g contain 150 g SiO2 and rest is impurity then % purity of sample is
150
% of SiO2 = × 100 = 60%
250
,d inkFkZ dh % 'kq)rk ,d fn;s x;s izkn'kZ esa mifLFkr 'kq) inkFkZ ds % ls lEcfU/kr gSA blds ctk, ;fn 250g Hkkj okyk
flfydk dk ,d izkn'kZ 150 g SiO2 j[krk gS o 'ks"k v'kqf);ka gS] rks izkn'kZ dk % 'kq)rk fuEu gS %
150
SiO2 dk % = × 100 = 60%
250
1. A sample of silica contained 15g of SiO2, 25g clay and rest is water. If % purity of SiO2 sample is 20%, then
calculate mass of water in it. [E]
flfydk dk ,d izkn'kZ 15g SiO2, 25g jsr o 'ks"k ty j[krk gSA ;fn SiO2 izkn'kZ dh % 'kq)rk 20% gS] rks blesa ty dk
nzO;eku ifjdfyr dhft;sA
(A) 25g (B) 15g (C*) 35g (D) 40g
Sol. Let mass of water be xg. (ekuk fd ty dk nzO;eku xg gSA)
15
 20 = ×100
15  25  x
 40 + x = 75
 x = 35 g.
2. A sample of MgCO3 weighing 50 g on heating produced 11.2 L CO2 at STP. What is the % purity of this
sample ? [E]
50 g Hkkj okyk MgCO3 dk ,d izkn'kZ xeZ djus ij STP ij 11.2 L CO2 mRikfnr djrk gSA bl izkn'kZ dh % 'kq)rk D;k
gS \
(A) 40% (B*) 84% (C) 42% (D) 80%
Sol. MgCO3 MgO + CO2
1
11.2 L = mole
2
1
moles of MgCO3 (MgCO3 ds eksy) =
2
mass of MgCO3 (MgCO3 dk nzO;eku) = 42g
42
% purity (% 'kq)rk) = × 100
50
= 84%

Molar mass of a substance is defined as mass of one mole of a substance. Its common unit is g/mol. GAM,
GMM, GIM are molar masses of given atom, molecule and ion respectively.
Quantities like 1 g-atom, 1 g-molecule are understood as 1 mole of atoms, 1 mole of molecules respectively.
,d inkFkZ ds eksyj nzO;eku dks ,d inkFkZ ds 1 eksy ds nzO;eku ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA bldh lkekU; ;wfuV
g/mol gSA GAM, GMM, GIM Øe'k% fn;s x;s ijek.kq] v.kq o vk;u ds eksyj nzO;eku gksrs gSaA
ek=kkRed tSls 1 xzke-ijek.kq, 1 xzke v.kq Øe'k% ijek.kqvksa ds 1 eksy o v.kqvksa ds 1 eksy ls le>k;s tkrs gSaA
5. Which of the following statement is/are correct about GAM of a given element ? [E]
(i) It is mass of 1 atom of given element in g.
(ii) It is mass of NA atoms of given element in g.
(iii) It is mass of 1 mole atoms of given element in g.
(A) only (i) (B) (i) and (ii) (C*) (ii) and (iii) (D) (i), (ii) and (iii)
,d fns;s x;s rRo ds fy, GAM ds ckjs esa fuEu esa ls dkSulk dFku lgh gS@gSa ?
(i) ;g fn;s x;s rRo ds 1 ijek.kq dk nzO;eku ¼xzke esa½ gS
(ii) ;g fn;s x;s rRo ds NA ijek.kq dk nzO;eku ¼xzke esa½ gS
(iii) ;g fn;s x;s rRo ds 1 eksy ijek.kq dk nzO;eku ¼xzke esa½ gS
(A) (i) dsoy (B) (i) rFkk (ii) (C*) (ii) rFkk (iii) (D) (i), (ii) rFkk (iii)
Sol. GAM is molar mass of element in g.
GAM rRo dk eksyj nzO;eku ¼xzke esa½ gSA
6. Find number of g-atoms in 1 g O3. [E]

1 g O3 esa xzke&ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,A
1 NA NA 1
(A) (B) (C) (D*)
48 48 16 16
1
Sol. Number of moles of O3 = .
48
1 1
Number of moles of O atoms = 3 =
48 16
1
Sol. O3 ds eksyksa dh la[;k = .
48
1 1
O ijek.kqvksa ds eksyksa dh la[;k = 3 =
48 16

A molecular formula tells the exact number of atoms of each element present in the compound. With its help,
one can predict the number of moles of atoms of one element if number of moles of molecule or number of
moles of atoms of other element are given.
For instance, in a molecule of formula AXBY, 1 molecule of AXBY contain X atoms of A and Y atoms of B.
Number of moles of A X Number of moles of A X
= ; Number of moles of A B =
Number of moles of B Y X Y 1
,d v.kq lw=k ;kSfxd esa mifLFkr izR;sd rRo ds fuf'pr] ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k dks crkrk gSA bldh lgk;rk ls] ,d rRo ds
ijek.kqvksa ds eksyksa] dh la[;k dks crk ldrk gS ;fn vU; rRo ds v.kqvksa ds eksyksa dh la[;k vFkok ijek.kqvksa ds eksyksa dh
la[;k nh xbZ gksasA
mnkgj.k ds fy,] lw=k AXBY ds ,d v.kq esa, AXBY dk ,d v.kq] A dk X ijek.kq o B ds Y ijek.kq j[krs gSaA
A d seksy ksad h la[; k X A d seksy ksad h la[; k X
= ; =
B d seks
y ksad h la[; k Y A XB Y d seks y ksad h la[; k 1

7. The number of atoms of H present in a sample of C6H5OH containing 2.2 mole of O atoms are : [E]
C6H5OH ds ,d izkn'kZ esa mifLFkr H ds ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k fuEu gS] tcfd ;g 2.2 eksy O ijek.kq ds eksy j[krk gks %
(A) 2.2 (B) 13.2 (C) 2.2 NA (D*) 13.2 NA
Moles of H 6
Sol. =
Moles of O 1
 Moles of H = 6 × 2.2 = 13.2
 Atoms of H = 13.2 NA
H d seksy 6
gy % =
O d seksy 1
 H ds eksy = 6 × 2.2 = 13.2
 H ds ijek.kq = 13.2 NA
8. 5.6 g of iron is present in Fe3O4. Hence moles of O atom present in it are : [E]
Fe3O4 esa 5.6 g vk;ju mifLFkr gSA vr% blesa mifLFkr O ijek.kq ds eksy fuEu gSa %
(A) 0.3 (B*) 0.133 (C) 1.33 (D) 3.33
5 .6 Moles of Fe 3
Sol. Moles of iron = = 0.1  =
56 Moles of O 4
4
Moles of O =  0.1 = 0.133 Ans.
3
5 .6 Fe d seks
y 3
gy % vk;ju ds eksy = = 0.1 
y = 4
O d seks
56
4
O ds eksy =  0.1 = 0.133 Ans.
3

One mole of a mixture of N2, NO2 and N2O4 has a mean molar mass of 48.5. On heating to a temperature at
which all the N2O4 may be presumed to have dissociated into NO2, the mean molar mass tends to a lower
value of 38.8. Based on the above information, answer the following questions :
N2, NO2 rFkk N2O4 ds ,d eksy feJ.k dk vkSlr eksyj nzO;eku 48.5. gSA ,d fuf'pr rki rd] ftl ij ekuk fd leLr
N2O4 dk NO2 esa fo?kVu gks tkrk gS] xeZ djus ij vkSlr eksyj nzO;eku ?kVdj 38.8. gks tkrk gSA mijksDr lwpuk ds
vkèkkj ij] fuEu iz'uksa ds mÙkj nksA
9. The number of moles of N2O4 present in the original sample is : [M]
okLrfod uewus esa mifLFkr N2O4 ds eksy dh la[;k gSA
(A*) 0.25 (B) 0.35 (C) 0.45 (D) 0.55
10. The molar ratio of N2 and NO2 respectively in the original mixture is : [M]
okLrfod feJ.k esa N2 rFkk NO2 dk eksyj dh la[;k gSA
(A) 1 : 2 (B*) 2 :1 (C) 3 : 2 (D) 2 : 3
11. The molar ratio of N2 and NO2 respectively in the final mixture is : [M]
vafre feJ.k esa N2 rFkk NO2 dk eksyj vuqikr Øe'k% gSA
(A) 9 : 16 (B) 6 : 19 (C) 1 : 4 (D*) 2 : 3
Ans. Let in intial mixture nN2 = x, nNO2 = y and nN2O 4 = z
x+y+z=1 ......... (1)
28 x + 46 y + 92 z = 48.5 ......... (2)
N2O4 2NO2
z y
– y + 2z
In final mixture

nN2 = x, nNO2 = y + 2z
28 x  46 y  92 z
= 38.8
1 z
48.5
= 38.8
1 z
z = 0.25
y = 0.25
x = 0.5
MTC
T/F
1. According to law of definite proportions, two elements always combine in the same ratio by mass. [E]
Ans. False
Sol. According to law of definite proportions, two elements always combine in the same ratio by mass, only if
they form the same compound.
2. Equal mass of O2 and O3 gases contain the same number of oxygen atoms. [M]
Ans. True
Sol. O2 O3
mass x x
x x
mole
32 48
x x
molecules ×NA ×NA
32 48
x x
atoms ×NA×2 ×NA × 3
32 48
x  NA x  NA
= =
16 16
3. Different proportions of oxygen in the various oxides of nitrogen prove the law of multiple proportions. [E]
Ans. True
Sol. Refer notes.
4. When Carbon and Oxygen react completely to produce a mixture of CO and CO2, they always combine in
mass ratio 9 : 16 according to balanced chemical reaction. [M]
Ans. False
Sol. Carbon and Oxygen react completely in various ratios to produce a mixture of CO and CO2.
e.g. 3C + 2O2  2CO + CO2
mass ratio 9 : 16
4C + 3O2  2CO + 2CO2
mass ratio 1:2
6. Carbon and Oxygen always combine in the ratio 3 : 8 by mass, according to law of constant proportions.
[E]
fu;r lekuqikr ds fu;e ds vuqlkj] dkcZu rFkk vkWDlhtu ges'kk Hkkj ds 3 : 8 vuqikr esa la;ksftr gksrs gSaA
Ans. F vlR;
Sol. Whenever Carbon and Oxygen combine to form CO2, they always combine in the ratio 3 : 8 by mass,
according to law of constant proportions.
gy tc Hkh dkcZu o vkWDlhtu la;ksftr gksdj CO2 cukrs gS] os ges'kk fu;r lekuqikr ds fu;e ds vuqlkj] Hkkj ds
3 : 8 vuqi kr esa la;ksf tr gksrs gSaA
7. If two samples of FeO and Fe2O3 respectively contain same number of O-atoms, then the ratio of mass of Fe
in the two samples is 2 : 3. [E]
;fn FeO o Fe2O3 ds nks izkn'kZ] Øe'k% O-ijek.kq dh leku la[;k j[krs gksa] rks nksuksa izkn'kksZa esa Fe ds nzO;eku dk
vuqikr 2 : 3 izkIr gksrk gSA
Ans. F
Sol. Same number of O-atoms means equal moles of O-atoms.
E.g. 3 moles of FeO and 1 mole of Fe2O3, both contain equal moles of O-atoms (= 3)
 Ratio of moles of Fe in two compounds = 3 : 2
 Ratio of mass of Fe in two compounds = 3 × 56 : 2 × 56 = 3 : 2
gy O-ijek.kqvksa dh leku la[;k dk vFkZ] O-ijek.kqvksa ds leku eksyksa dk gksuk gSA
mnk- 3 eksy FeO o 1 eksy Fe2O3 nksukas O-ijek.kq ds leku eksy j[krs gSaA (= 3)
 nksuksa ;kSfxdksa esa Fe ds eksyksa dk vuqikr = 3 : 2
 nksuksa ;kSfxdksa esa Fe dk nzO;eku = 3 × 56 : 2 × 56 = 3 : 2
8. C-12 isotope is taken as standard for defining RAM because C is tetravalent. [E]
C-12 leLFkkfud RAM dks ifjHkkf"kr djus ds fy, ekud ds :i esa fy;k tkrk gS D;ksafd C prq"dla;ksth gksrk gSA
Ans. F
9. According to SI system, one mole amount contains as many particles as there are atoms in exactly 16 g of
oxygen atoms. [E]
SI ra=k ds vuqlkj] 1 eksy ek=kk mrus d.kksa dks j[krh gS] ftrus fd fuf'pr 16 g vkWDlhtu ijek.kqvksa esa ijek.kq gksrs gSaA
Ans. F
Sol. Mole is defined at C-12 scale.
C-12 iSekus ij eksy dks ifjHkkf"kr djrk gSA
10. Volume of 18 g of water (H2O) at STP is 22.4 L (Density of water at STP is 1 g/mL). [E]
STP ij 18 g ty (H2O) dk vk;ru 22.4 L gSA (STP ij ty dk ?kuRo 1 g/mL gS)
Ans. F
Sol. H2O is not a gas at STP
Mass
d=
Volume
Mass 18 g
Volume = Density = 1 g / mL = 18 mL
gy % H2O STP ij ,d xSl ugha gS

nzO; eku
d=
vk; ru
nzO; eku
vk;ru =
?kuRo
18 g
= 1 g / mL = 18 mL
11. If, for three species X, X2, X3, equal mass is taken then total number of atoms would be same in all. [E]
;fn rhu Lih'kht X, X2, X3 ds fy;s leku nzO;eku fy;k tk;s] rc lHkh esa dqy ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k leku gksxhA
Ans. T
Sol. Let molar mass of X be a g.
If 1 g of each is taken then.
 X X2 X3
1 1 1
Moles
a 2a 3a
of species
1 1 1
Mole 1 2 3
a 2a 3a
of atom
1 1 1
= = =
a a a
gy % ekuk X dk eksyj nzO;eku a g. gS
;fn izR;sd dk 1 g fy;k tkrk gS] rc
 X X2 X3

1 1 1
iztkfr;ksa
a 2a 3a
ds eksy
1 1 1
ijek.kq 1 2 3
a 2a 3a
ds eksy
1 1 1
= = =
a a a
12. According to Avogadro law equal volume of any gases at same temperature and pressure contains equal
number of atoms. [E]
vkokxknzks fu;ekuqlkj] leku rki o nkc ij fdlh xSl dk leku vk;ru ijek.kqvksa dh leku la[;k j[krk gSA
Ans. F
Sol. According to Avogadro law equal volume of any gases at same temperature and pressure contains equal
number of molecules.
gy % vkokxknzks fu;ekuqlkj leku rki o nkc ij fdlh xSl dk leku vk;ru v.kqvksa dh leku la[;k j[krk gSA
13. If all the oxygen from 40g SO3, 22 g CO2 and 9 g H2O is made to combine to form oxygen gas, then the
volume of oxygen gas produced at NTP is 67.2 L. [E]
;fn 40g SO3, 22 g CO2 rFkk 9 g H2O esa ls lHkh vkWDlhtu ijek.kq la;ksftr gksdj vkWDlhtu xSl cukrs gSa] rc NTP
ij mRiUu vkWDlhtu xSl dk vk;ru 67.2 L gSA
Ans. False
1 1 1
Sol. Mole of oxygen atom = 3+ 2+ 1 =3
2 2 2
3
Mole of oxygen gas =
2
Volume of oxygen gas at NTP = 33.6 L.
1 1 1
Sol. vkWDlhtu ijek.kq ds eksy = 3+ 2+ 1 =3
2 2 2
3
vkWDlhtu xSl ds eksy = 2
NTP ij vkWDlhtu xSl dk vk;ru = 33.6 L.
Single Integer
1. Caffine has a molecular weight of 175. If it contain 32 % by mass of Nitrogen, find the number of atoms of
nitrogen in one molecule of caffine. [T]
dSQhu dk v.kqHkkj 175 gSA ;fn ;g vius Hkkj dk 32 % ukbVªkstu j[krk gks] rks dSQhu ds ,d v.kq esa ukbVªkstu ds ijek.kqvksa
dh la[;k Kkr dhft;sA
Ans. 4
Sol. Let one molecule of caffine contain x N-atoms.
32
× 175 = 14x
100
So, x = 4.
ekuk fd dSQhu dk ,d v.kq] x N-ijek.kq j[krk gSA
32
× 175 = 14x
100
blfy,] x = 4.
2. During the formation of water from hydrogen and oxygen, hydrogen and oxygen combine in mass ratio 1 : x.
Find x. [E]
gkbMªkstu o vkWDlhtu ls ty ds fuekZ.k ds nkSjku] gkbMªkstu o vkWDlhtu 1 : x ¼Hkkj vuqikr½ esa la;ksftr gksrs gSaA x dk
eku Kkr dhft;sA
Ans. 8

Sol. In water (H2O), ratio of mass of H and O = 2 × 1 : 1 × 16 = 1 : 8
x=8
gy ty (H2O) esa, H o O ds nzO;eku dk vuqikr = 2 × 1 : 1 × 16 = 1 : 8
x=8
3. Find mass of 16O (in g) containing as many atoms as are contained in 12 g 24Mg. [E]
16O (g esa) nzO;eku Kkr dhft,] tks 12 g 24Mg esa j[ks gq, ijek.kqvksa ds leku ijek.kq j[krk gksaA
Ans. 8g
12 1
Sol. Moles of Mg atom (Mg ijek.kq ds eksy) = =
24 2
1
Moles of O atom (Mg ijek.kq ds eksy) =
2
1
Mass of O atom (O ijek.kq dk nzO;eku) =  16 = 8 g
2
3N A
4. Total oxygen atoms of mixture containing 9.8 g H3PO4, 0.75 g molecule P4O6 and molecule of H2O is
5
extracted and converted into O2 . Find moles of O2 produced. [E]
3N A
9.8 g H3PO4, 0.75 g v.kq P4O6 o H2O ds v.kq ;qDr feJ.k ds dqy vkWDlhtu ijek.kqvksa dks fu"df"kZr fd;k tkrk
5
gS o O2 esa ifjofrZr fd;k tkrk gSA mRikfnr O2 ds eksy Kkr dhft,A
 9.8  3  
Ans. Total mols of O (O ds dqy ijek.kq) =  98  4  (0.75  6)   5  1
  
= (0.4 + 4.50 + 0.6) = 6
So mole of O2 (blfy, O2 ds eksy) = 3
5. Number of moles of electrons present in 2 g-ion H– are : [E]

2 g vk;u H– esa mifLFkr eksyksa dh la[;k fuEu gSa %
Ans. 4
Sol. 1 H– contain 2e–
1 mole H contain
– 2 mole e–
2 mole H contain
– 4 mole e–
gy 1 H j[krk gS
– 2e–
1 eksy H– j[krk gS 2 eksy e–
2 eksy H j[krk gS
– 4 eksy e–
6. The mass of hydrocarbon (in gram) that should be burnt to produce 11.2 L CO2 (dH O = 1 g/ml) and 18 ml H2O
2
at STP is. [E]
gkbMªksdkcZu dk og nzO;eku (xzke esa) ftldk ngu dj STP ij 11.2 L CO2 (dH O = 1 g/ml) o 18 ml H2O mRikfnr fd;k
2
tkrk gSA
Ans. 8
Sol. CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O
11.2 L 18 mL
1
=mole
2
Moles of C (C ds eksy) = 0.5 Mass of H2O (H2O dk nzO;eku) = 18 × 1 = 18 g
Mass of C (C dk nzO;eku) = 6 g nH O = 1 mole, mass of H (H dk nzO;eku)
2
=6g =2g
Total mass of hydrocarbon (gkbMªksdkcZu dk dqy nzO;eku) = 8
7. A sample of ammonium phosphate (NH4)3PO4 contains 3 mol of H atoms. The number of mol of O atoms in
the sample is : [M]
veksfu;e QkWLQsV (NH4)3PO4 dk ,d uewuk H-ijek.kq ds 3 eksy ;qDr gSA uewus esa O ijek.kq ds eksy dh la[;k gS %

Ans. 1
mole of H atom 12
Sol. 
mole of O atom 4
mole of H atom
 mole of O atom =
3
3
 mole of O atom = = 1 Ans.
3
H  ijek.kqd seks
y 12
Sol. y = 4
O  ijek.kqd seks
H  ijek.kqd seks
y
 O ijek.kq ds eksy =
3
3
 O ijek.kq ds eksy = = 1 Ans.
3
8. 81.25 kJ of energy is given to 2.4 g gaseous sample of Mg. The percentage by mole of Mg2+(g) in the mixture
is : [M]
Given : IE1 of Mg = 740 kJ mol–1
IE2 of Mg = 1450 kJ mol–1
Mg(g) ds 2.4 g xSlh; izkn'kZ dks 81.25 kJ ÅtkZ nh tkrh gSA feJ.k esa Mg2+(g) ds eksyksa dk izfr'kr gksxkA
fn;k x;k gS % Mg dk IE1 = 740 kJ mol–1
Mg dk IE2 = 1450 kJ mol–1
Ans. 5
2 .4
Sol. nMg = 0.1
24
Mg  Mg+  Mg+2

740  0.1 7.25
= 74
7.25
n = = 0.005
Mg  2 1450
0.005
% of Mg converts into Mg+2 (Mg+2 esa ifjofrZr Mg dk %) =  100 = 5%
0 .1
9. A sample of CH4 gas has the same mass as 2 × 107 molecules of C4H8. How many CH4 molecules are
present in the sample ? [T]
(Report your answer as X, where Number of CH4 molecules = X × 107)
CH4 xSl ds ,d uewus dk Hkkj] C4H8 ds 2 × 107 v.kqvksa ds Hkkj ds cjkcj gSA uewus esa fdrus CH4 v.kq mifLFkr gSa\
CH4 v.kqvksa dh la[;k = X × 107 gSA)
(viuk mÙkj X ds :i esa nhft,] tgk¡‰
Ans. 7
Sol. Mass of CH4 gas = Mass of C4H8
 Number of molecule of CH4   Number of molecule of C4H8 
  × GMM   × GMM
 N  CH4 =  NA  C4H8
 A   
So, (No. of molecules of CH4) ×16 = 2 ×107 × 56
 Number of molecules of CH4 = 7 × 107
So, X=7
Sol. CH4 xSl dk nzO;eku = C4H8 dk nzO;eku
 CH4 d sv.kqv ksad h l a[;k   C 4H8 d sv.kqv ksad h l a[;k 
 × GMMCH4 =   × GMMC4H8
 
 NA NA
   
blfy,, (CH4 ds v.kqvksa dh la[;k) ×16 = 2 ×107 × 56
 CH4 ds v.kqvksa dh la[;k = 7 × 107
vr%, X=7
10. 3.5 g of a metal nitride M3N upon analysis was found to contain 2.1 g of metal M. Then, find the number of
gram-atoms in 63 g of metal M. [M]
,d 3.5 g /kkrq ukbVªkbM M3N dk fo'ys"k.k djus ij 2.1 g /kkrq M izkIr gqbZA rc] 63 g /kkrq M esa xzke ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k
Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 9
Sol. Let atomic mass of metal M be 'm' amu.
Now, (3m + 14) g of M3N contains 3 m g of metal M.
& 3.5 g of M3N contains 2.1 g of metal M.
Upon cross multiplying, (3m + 14) × 2.1 = (3m) × 3.5
 m=7
Mass 63
So, number of gram-atoms (moles) of metal M in its 63 g = = = 9.
GAM 7
Sol. ekuk fd /kkrq M dk ijek.oh; nzO;eku 'm' amu gSA
vc, M3N ds (3m + 14) g, /kkrq M ds 3 m g j[krs gSaA
rFkk M3N ds 3.5 g, 2.1 g /kkrq M j[krs gSaA
ØkWl xq.kkad ls, (3m + 14) × 2.1 = (3m) × 3.5
 m=7
nzO; eku 63
blfy,] blds 63 g esa /kkrq M ds xzke&ijek.kqvksa ¼eksyksa½ dh la[;k = GMM
=
7
= 9.
11. What is the volume (in m3) occupied by 5 kg N2 gas at STP ? [E]
STP ij 5 kg N2 xSl }kjk ?ksjk x;k vk;ru (m3 esa) D;k gS \
Ans. 4
 Mass   5000 
Sol. Moles of N2 gas =  GMM  =  28 
   
So, Vol. of N2 gas at STP = Moles × 22.4 L
5000 22.4 3
= × m
28 1000
= 4 m3
 nz
O; eku   5000 
Sol. N2 xSl ds eksy = 
GMM
 =  
   28 
blfy,] STP ij N2 xSl dk vk;ru = eksy × 22.4 L
5000 22.4 3
= × m
28 1000
= 4 m3
12. 2 g of a hydrocarbon, one molecule of which contains 4 H–atoms, contains 0.05 gram-molecule of hydrocarbon.
Find the number of C-atoms in one molecule of hydrocarbon. [E]
,d 2 g gkbMªksdkcZu] ftlds 1 v.kq esa 4 H–ijek.kq ik;s tkrs gSa] mlesa gkbMªksdkcZu ds 0.05 xzke&v.kq ik;s tkrs gSaA
gkbMªksdkcZu ds 1 v.kq esa C-ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 3
Sol. Let the mol. formula of hydrocarbon be CxH4.
 GMM = (12x + 4) g
Mass 2
Number of gram-molecule (mole) = = (12x  4) = 0.05 (given)
GMM
Upon solving, x = 3.
Sol. ekuk fd gkbMªksdkcZu dk v.kqlw=k CxH4 gSA
 GMM = (12x + 4) g
nzO; eku 2
xzke&v.kq dh la[;k (eksy) = GMM
= (12x  4) = 0.05 (fn;k x;k gS)
gy djus ij] x = 3.
13. Find total moles of S8 obtained if all S from 3 mole of S4N4 and 196 g H2SO4 and 128 g SO2 is converted into
S8. [E]
izkIr S8 ds dqy eksy Kkr dhft;s] ;fn 3 eksy S4N4 o 196 g H2SO4 o 128 g SO2 ls izkIr lHkh S dks S8 esa ifjofrZr fd;k

tkrk gksA
Ans. 2
196 128
Sol. Moles of S (S ds eksy) = 3 × 4 +  1  1 = 12 + 2 + 2 = 16 moles
98 64
16
Moles of S8 (S8 ds eksy) = =2
8
Double Integer
1. 4.4 g of a gas at STP occupies a volume of 2.24 litres, calculate the gram molecular mass of gas.
[2 Marks] [E]
STP ij ,d xSl ds 4.4 xzke] 2.24 yhVj vk;ru ?ksjrs gS rks xSl ds xzke v.kq nzO;eku (gmm) dh x.kuk dhft,A
[2 Marks]
Ans. 44 g
Sol. For 4.4 g of a gas at STP, volume occupied is 2.24 litres of for 44 g of a gas at STP, volume occupied is 22.4
litres. The gas is CO2 as it has molecular mass of 44 g.
Sol. STP ij ,d xSl ds 4.4 xzke ds }kjk 2.24 yhVj vk;ru ?ksjk tkrk gS STP ij ,d xSl ds 44 xzke ds }kjk 22.4 yhVj
vk;ru ?ksjk tk,sxkA vFkkZr~ ;g xSl CO2 gksxh ftldk v.kqHkkj 44 xzke gksrk gSA
2. 30 g of element x contains 18.069  1023 atoms of x. Calculate gram–molecular mass of x2

rRo x dk 30 g , x ds 18.069  1023 ijek.kq j[krk gSA x2 ds xzke&vkf.od nzO;eku dh x.kuk djksA
Ans. 20
Sol. 30 g contains  3NA atom of x
10 g contains  NA atom of x
Gram atomic mass of x = 10 g
Gram molecular mass of x2 = 20 g
Subjective :
1. (c) Explain 'Law of Constant Proportions' with a suitable example. [1½ + 2 + 2½ = 6] [T]
(c) ,d mi;qZDr mnkgj.k ysrs gq, *fu;r lekuqikr dk fu;e* le>kb;sA [1½ + 2 + 2½ = 6]
Sol. (c) Whenever two elements react to form the same compound, they always do so in the same ratio by
mass, whatever be the source of the compound.
e.g. H2O sample from any source always contain H and O in mass ratio 1 : 8.
(c) tc Hkh nks rRo fØ;k dj leku ;kSfxd cukrs gSa] rks os ges'kk leku vuqikr ¼æO;eku dk½ j[krs gaS] pkgs ;kSfxd dk
L=kksr dksbZ lk Hkh gksA
mnkgj.k % H2O izkn'kZ pkgs fdlh Hkh L=kksr ls gks] ges'kk H o O dk æO;eku vuqikr 1 : 8 j[krk gSA
2. Define the following : [E]

(i) Mole
(ii) Unified mass. [½ + ½ = 1 Mark]
fuEu dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft;s %
(i) eksy
(ii) ;wuhQkbM nzO;eku ¼Unified mass½ [½ + ½ = 1 Mark]
Ans. Mole : (The Mass / Number Relationship)

Mole is a chemical counting S unit and defined as follows :
A mole is the amount of a substance that contains as many entities (atoms, molecules or other particles) as
there are atoms in exactly 0.012 kg (or 12 gm) of the carbon-12 isotope. Value of one mole = 6.023 × 1023.
th
 1 
Atomic mass unit (amu or unified mass (u)) : The atomic mass unit (amu) is equal to   mass of one
 12 
atom of carbon-12 isotope.

1
1 amu = × mass of one C-12 atom = 1.66 × 10–24 gm or 1.66 × 10–27 kg
12
gy % eksy : (nzO;eku / la[;k lEcU/k)
eksy jklk;u dh S bdkbZ gS] bldh ifjHkk"kk fuEu izdkj gS %
fdlh inkFkZ dh og ek=kk tks dkcZu-12 leLFkkfud ds 0.012 kg (vFkok 12 gm) esa mifLFkr ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k ds cjkcj
ml inkFkZ esa mifLFkr bdkbZ ¼ijek.kq] v.kq vFkok vU; d.k½ dh la[;k dks eksy dgrs gSaA
,d eksy dk eku = 6.023 × 1023.
ijek.kq nzO;eku bdkbZ ¼amu ;k ;wuhQkbM nzO;eku) : ijek.kq nzO;eku bdkbZ (amu) dkcZu-12 leLFkkfud ds
th
 1 
,d ijek.kq ds   Hkkx ds cjkcj gksrh gSA
 12 
1
1 amu = × C-12 ijek.kq dk nzO;eku = 1.66 × 10–24 gm or 1.66 × 10–27 kg
12
3. Calculate the number of atoms in each of the following : [E]

(i) 52 moles of He
(ii) 52 u of He [½ + ½ = 1 Mark]
fuEu ds fy, izR;sd esa mifLFkr ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k dh x.kuk dhft;s %
(i) He ds 52 eksy
(ii) He dk 52 u [½ + ½ = 1 Mark]
25
Ans. (i) 3.13 × 10 atoms (ii) 13 atoms
Sol. (i) 1 mol of He = 6.022 × 1023 atoms
52 mol of He = 52 × 6.022 × 1023 atoms = 3.13 × 1025 atoms
(ii) 1 atom of He has a mass = 4 u
1
52 u of He has number of atoms = × 52 atoms = 13 atoms
4
gy % (i) He ds 1 eksy = 6.022 × 1023 ijek.kq
He ds 52 eksy = 52 × 6.022 × 1023 ijek.kq = 3.13 × 1025 ijek.kq
(ii) He ds 1 ijek.kq dk nzO;eku = 4 u
1
He ds 52 u esa mifLFkr ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k = × 52 ijek.kq = 13 ijek.kq
4
4. (a) What is the mass in grams of one molecule of caffeine (C8H10N4O2) ?

(b) What volume of oxygen at S.T.P. can be produced from 6.125 g of potassium chlorate according to the
reaction ? [ 2 KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 ] [2 + 2 = 4 Marks] [M]
(a) dSfQu (C8H10N4O2) ds ,d v.kq dk xzke esa nzO;eku D;k gS ?
(b) fuEUk vfHkfØ;k ds vuqlkj STP ij 6.125 g iksVfS 'k;e DyksjV
s }kjk vkDlhtu dk fdruk vk;ru mRiUu fd;k tk ldrk
gS ? [ 2 KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 ] [2 + 2 = 4 Marks]
Ans. (a) 32.2 × 10 gram
–23
(b) 1.68 L at STP.

Sol. (a) The molecular formula of caffeine is C8H10N4O2
 1 mol of C8H10N4O2 has a mass = 194 g
Since 1 mol of any molecular substance contains 6.023 × 1023 molecules
194
1 molecule of caffeine has a mass = = 32.2 × 10–23 gram Ans.
6.023  1023
(b) The given chemical equation is :
2KClO3  2KCl + 3O2
2 mol 2 mol 3 mol
2 × 122.5 g 3 × 22.4 L at S.T.P.
= 245 g
245 g of KClO3 produce oxygen at S.T.P. = 3 × 22.4 L

3  22.4
6.125 g of KClO3 produce oxygen = × 6.125 = 1.68 L at S.T.P. Ans.
245
gy % (a) dSfQu dk vkf.od lw=k C8H10N4O2 gSA
 dSfQu (C8H10N4O2) ds 1 eksy dk nzO;eku = 194 g
pwafd fdlh vkf.od inkFkZ ds 1 eksy esa 6.023 × 1023 v.kq mifLFkr gksrs gSA
194
vr% dSfQu ds 1 v.kq dk nzO;eku = = 32.2 × 10–23 gram Ans.
6.023  1023
(b) nh xbZ jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k gS :
2KClO3  2KCl + 3O2
2 mol 2 mol 3 mol
2 × 122.5 g 3 × 22.4 L S.T.P. ij
= 245 g
STP ij KClO3 ds 245 g }kjk mRiUu vkWDlhtu = 3 × 22.4 L
3  22.4
vr%] KClO3 ds 6.125 g xzke }kj mRiUu vkWDlhtu = × 6.125 = 1.68 L S.T.P. ij Ans.
245
5. Consider the following reaction : [M]

3X(g)  Y (g) + Z (g)
Initially, only 1 mole of ‘X’ is present and the gas X has vapour density = 60.
After some time, the gaseous mixture obtained consist of all three gases and mixture has vapour
density = 75. If molecular mass of Z is 200, then calculate the moles of each species present in the obtained
gaseous mixture.
[4 + 2 + 2 = 8 Marks]
Ans. nX = 0.4 mole, nY = nZ = 0.2 mole.
Sol. Molar mass of X = 60 × 2 = 120

Molar mass of Z = 200 (Molar Mass = 2× vapour density )
For molar mass of Y,
According to law of conservation of mass :
1 1
120 =  M y   200
3 3
My = 160
3X  Y + Z
t=0 1 0 0
t = teq. 1 – 3x x x
M x n x  M y n y  M zn z
Mavg = nx  ny  nz
120  (1  3 x )  160 x  200 x

150 =
1 3x  x  x
On solving , we get
1
x=
5
1 2 1 1
So, nx = 1  3  = , ny = ,n =
5 5 5 z 5
fuEu vfHkfØ;k dk voyksdu dhft, %

3X(g)  Y (g) + Z (g)
‘X’ dk dsoy 1 eksy mifLFkr
izkjEHk esa gS rFkk xSl X dk ok"i ?kuRo = 60 gSA dqN le; i'pkr~ ,d xSlh; feJ.k izkIr gksrk
gS] ftlesa rhuksa xSlsa mifLFkr gSa rFkk feJ.k dk ok"i ?kuRo = 75 gSA ;fn Z dk v.kqHkkj 200 gS] rc izkIr xSlh; feJ.k esa
izR;sd Lih'kht ¼iztkfr½ ds eksy Kkr dhft,A [4 + 2 + 2 = 8 Marks]
Sol. X dk eksyj æO;eku = 60 × 2 = 120

Z dk eksyj æO;eku = 200 (eksyj æO;eku= 2× ok"i ?kuRo)
Y ds eksyj æO;eku ds fy,,
æO;eku laj{k.k fu;e ds vuqlkj :
1 1
120 =  M y   200
3 3
My = 160
3X  Y + Z
t=0 1 0 0
t = tlkE;. 1 – 3x x x
M x n x  M y n y  M zn z
MvkSlr = nx  ny  nz
120  (1  3 x )  160 x  200 x

150 =
1 3x  x  x
gy djus ij] gesa izkIr gksrk gS :
1
x=
5
1 2 1 1
blfy,, nx = 1  3  = , ny = ,n =
5 5 5 z 5

Section (B) : Empirical Formula, % Composition of a given compound by mass,
% By mole, Minimum molecular mass determination. MOLE CONCEPT (MOL)
SCQ
1. Which of the following statements is correct : [M]
(A) A compound upon analysis was found to contain 2% Oxygen by mass. Then, the minimum molecular
mass of given compound (in amu) is 1600.
(B*) If the density of a gas at NTP is 0.0025 g/cm3, then the gas has same molecular mass as Butene.
(C) Carbon and Oxygen always combine in the ratio 3 : 8 by mass, according to law of constant proportions.
fuEu esa ls dkSulk dFku lgh gS %
(A) ,d ;kSfxd dk fo'ys"k.k djus ij Kkr gqvk fd og vius nzO;eku dk 2 %, vkWDlhtu j[krk gSA rc fn;s x;s ;kSfxd
dk U;wure vkf.od nzO;eku (amu esa) 1600 gSA
(B) ;fn NTP ij ,d xSl dk ?kuRo 0.0025 g/cm3 gS] rc xSl dk vkf.od nzO;eku] C;wVhu ds leku gSA
(C) fLFkj vuqi kr ds fu;e ds vuqlkj] dkcZu rFkk vkWDlhtu ges'kk nzO;eku ds 3 : 8 vuqi kr esa la;ksf tr gksrs gSaA
Sol. (A) Let mol. formula of compound is ...............O.
1  16
 Mass % of O in compound = Mol. mass  100 = 2
So, minimum molecular mass of given compound = 800 amu.
GMMgas
(B) (dgas)NTP =
22.4
GMMgas
 2.5 =  GMMgas = 56
22.4
Mol. Mass of Butene (C4H8) = 4 × 12 + 8 × 1 = 56
So, the gas has same molecular mass as Butene.
(C) Whenever Carbon and Oxygen combine to form CO2, they always combine in the ratio 3 : 8 by mass,
according to law of constant proportions.
gy (A) ekuk fd ;kSfxd dk v.kqlw=k ...............O gSA
1  16
 ;kSfxd esa O dk nzO;eku % =  100 = 2
vkf.od nzO;eku
blfy,, fn;s x;s ;kSfxd dk U;wure vkf.od nzO;eku = 800 amu.
GMM xSl
(B) (dxSl)NTP =
22.4
GMM xSl
 2.5 =  GMMxSl = 56
22.4
C;wVhu (C4H8) dk vkf.od nzO;eku = 4 × 12 + 8 × 1 = 56
vr%] xSl dk vkf.od nzO;eku] C;wVhu ds leku gSA
(C) tc Hkh dkcZu o vkWDlhtu la;ksf tr gksdj CO2 cukrs gSa] os ges'kk fLFkj vuqi kr ds fu;e ds vuqlkj] nzO;eku
ds 3 : 8 vuqikr esa la;ksftr gksrs gSaA
2. A metal chloride of empirical formula MCl is formed (Where M is metal). In an experiment weight of metal
chloride has following variation according to weight of chlorine. [M]
,d /kkrq DyksjkbM dk ewykuqikrh lw=k MCl gS (tgk¡ M /kkrq gS)A /kkrq DyksjkbM ds iz;ksxkRed Hkkj esa Dyksjhu ds Hkkj ds vuqlkj
fuEu ifjorZu gksrk gSA [SM Sir /Disha Publication/Textbook of Physical Chemistry/ MOL-4)
Then atomic wt. of metal (M) will be

/kkrq (M) dk ijekf.od Hkkj gksxk %
(1) 33.5 (2) 30.5 (3*) 53.25 (4) 32.5

Chemistry\1. Mole Concept\Empirical Formula, %....
Sol. 2g chlorine used 3g metal for formation of metal chloride. Then for chlorine weight 35.5 g weight of metal
3  35.5
= = 53.25.
2
Sol. /kkrq DyksjkbM ds fuekZ.k ds fy, 2g Dyksjhu] 3g /kkrq dk mi;ksx gksrk gS] rks Dyksjhu dk Hkkj 35.5 g ds fy, /kkrq dk Hkkj
3  35.5
= = 53.25.
2
3. A hydro carbon was found to contain 48 g C in 54 g compound. If the molar mass of hydrocarbon is more than
50, then identify it : [M] (MOLE(P))
54 g ,d gkbMªksdkcZu ;kSfxd 48 g, dkcZu (C) j[krk gSA ;fn gkbMªksdkcZu dk eksyj nzO;eku 50 ls vf/kd gksrk gS] rks
gkbMªksdkcZu dh igpku dhft,A
(A) (B) C8H10 (C) C2H4 (D*)
Sol. Mass Moles Simplest ratio

C 48 g 4 2
H 6g 6 3
E.F. = C2H3
M.F. = (C2H3)n
E.F. M. = 24 + 3 = 27
n = 2
M.F. M. = 27 × 2 = 54 g/mol.
So, for n  2 molar mass is greater than. (blfy,] n  2 ds fy, eksyj nzzO;eku vf/kd gksrk gS)
4. Three oxides of a certain hypothetical element contain 50%, 33.33% and 25% element by mass
respectively. The simplest ratio of the valencies of element in the three oxides is : [M] (Mole Concept-1)
(A) 2 : 3 : 4 (B) 3 : 4 : 6 (C*) 1 : 2 : 3 (D) None of these
,d dkYifud rRo ds rhu vkWDlkbMksa esa Øe'k% Hkkjkuqlkj 50%, 33.33% rFkk 25% rRo mifLFkr gSA bu rhuksa vkWDlkbMksa
esa rRo dh la;kstdrkvksa dk ljyre vuqikr gS :
(A) 2 : 3 : 4 (B) 3 : 4 : 6 (C*) 1 : 2 : 3 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. I II III
O 50 66.66 75
E 50 33.33 25
1 2 3
= = 
1 1 1
Hence it can be assumed that a fixed mass of element E (1 g) combines with 1,2 & 3 g of oxygen respectively
in the three oxides.
 Ratio of valency of element in the three oxides = Ratio of mass of element = 1 : 2 : 3.
gy I II III
O 50 66.66 75
E 50 33.33 25
1 2 3
= = 
1 1 1
vr% ,slk ekuk tk ldrk gS fd rhuksa vkWDlkbMksa esa rRo E dk fuf'pr Hkkj (1 g) vkWDlhtu ds Øe'k% 1,2 o 3 g ds lkFk
la;qDr gksrk gSA
 rhuksa vkWDlkbMksa esa rRo dh la;kstdrk dk vuqikr = rRo ds Hkkj dk vuqikr = 1 : 2 : 3.
5. In a hydrocarbon, the mass % of C and H are 90% and 10% respectively. If 20 g of given hydrocarbon in
vapour phase occupies a volume of 5.6 L at STP, then the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon is :
[M] (Mole Concept-1)
,d gkbMªksdkcZu esa] dkcZu o gkbMªkstu dh Hkkj izfr'krrk Øe'k% 90% rFkk 10% gSA ;fn fn;s x;s gkbMªksdkcZu dk 20 g
xSlh; voLFkk esa STP ij 5.6 yhVj vk;ru ?ksjrk gS] rks gkbMªksdkcZu dk v.kqlw=k gksxk %
(A) C3H4 (B) C5H20 (C*) C6H8 (D) C9H12

Sol. C H
Mass % 90 10
Mass % 90 10
At. mass 12 1
Ratio 3 : 4
 Empirical formula = C3H4
5.6 L at NTP weighs = 20 g
22.4  20
 22.4 L at NTP weighs = 5 .6
= 80 g
 molecular mass = 80
Molecular mass 80
 n = Empirical mass = 40 = 2 and molecular formula = (C3H4)2 = C6H8
Sol. C H
nzO;eku % 90 10
nzO; eku izfr'kr 90 10
ijek.kqHkkj 12 1
vuqikr 3 : 4
 ewykuqikrh lw=k = C3H4
5.6 yhVj dk NTP ij Hkkj = 20 g
22.4  20
 22.4 yhVj dk NTP ij Hkkj = 5 .6
= 80 g
 v.kqHkkj = 80
80
 n= =
40
=2 rFkk v.kqlw=k = (C3H4)2 = C6H8
6. 16 gm of an ideal gas SOx occupies 5.6 lt. at STP. The value of x is (MOL1) [M]
(1) x = 3 (2*) x = 2 (3) x = 4 (4) none
STP ij vknZ'k xSl SOx dk 16 g, 5.6 yhVj LFkku ?ksjrk gSA x dk eku gksxk %
(1) x = 3 (2*) x = 2 (3) x = 4 (4) dksbZ ugha
16  22.4
Sol. Mol. wt. of gas is = = 64 g
5.6
32 + 16x = 64
x=2
16  22.4
gy- xSl dk v.kqHkkj = = 64 g
5.6
32 + 16x = 64
x=2
40
7. A metal oxide was found to contain % oxygen. If the formula of oxide is, MO2 then molar mass of M is:
3
40
,d /kkrq vkWDlkbM % vkWDlhtu j[krk gSA ;fn vkWDlkbM dk lw=k MO2 gS] rks eksyj nzO;eku M fuEu gS %
3
(A) 52 g/mol (B) 104 g/mol (C*) 208 g/mol (D) 101 g/mol (E) 90 g/mol
Sol. In 100 g of metal oxide, (100 g /kkrq vkWDlkbM esa)
40 40 5
oxygen vkWDlhtu = g, moles of oxygen (vkWDlhtu ds eksy) = = .
3 3  16 6
40 300 – 40 260
mass of metal (/kkrq dk nzO;eku) = 100 – = =
3 3 3
260
If molar mass of M is X, then moles of M (M dks eksyj nzO;eku X gS] rks (M) ds eksy =
3X

260
3X 1
 5 =
2
6
260  2 1
 =
5X 2
X = 52 × 4 = 208 g/mol.
8. A compound contain equal masses of the elements X, Y and Z. If the atomic weights of X, Y and Z are 10, 20
and 30 respectively. The minimum molecular mass of compound is : [Ref. PA _2012] [E]
,d ;kSfxd] rRo X, Y o Z dk cjkcj nzO;eku j[krk gSA ;fn X, Y o Z dk ijek.kq Hkkj Øe'k% 10, 20 o 30 gS rc ;kSfxd
dk U;wure v.kqHkkj D;k gksxk \ [Ref. PA Sir_2012]
(A) 80 (B) 360 (C) 200 (D*) 180
Sol. X Y Z
W W W
W W W
10 20 30
W W W
30 30 30
3 1.5 1
6 3 2
Empirical formula ewykuqikrh lw=k X6Y3Z2
Minimum molecular mass of compound = 1[(10 × 6) + (3 × 20) + (2 × 30)] = 180 Ans.
;kSfxd dk U;wure v.kqHkkj = 1[(10 × 6) + (3 × 20) + (2 × 30)] = 180 Ans.
9. Minimum molecular mass of a compound containing 6.4% oxygen by mass is : [M]

6.4% vkWDlhtu ¼Hkkj dk½ ;qDr ,d ;kSfxd dk U;wure v.kqHkkj fuEu gS %
(A*) 250 (B) 500 (C) 1000
Sol. Let minimum molecular mass of compound be X.
6 .4
 X× = 16, then X = 250
100
ekuk ;kSfxd dk U;wure v.kqHkkj X gSA
6 .4
 X× = 16, rc X = 250 .
100
10. The haemoglobin from red blood corpuscles of most mammals contain approximately 0.33% of iron by
mass. The molecular mass of haemoglobin is 67200 u. The number of iron atoms in each molecule of
haemoglobin is : [T]
vf/kdrj Lru/kkfj;ksa dh yky jDr df.kdkvksa esas gheksXyksfcu] nzO;eku dk 0.33% vk;ju ¼yxHkx½ j[krk gSA gheksXyksfcu
dk v.kqHkkj 67200 u gSA gheksXyksfcu ds izR;sd v.kq esa vk;ju ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k fuEu gS %
(A*) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 1
Sol. Let the number of iron atoms in each molecule of haemoglobin is x.
x  56
Mass % of Fe = × 100 = 0.33 (given)
67200
 x = 4.
Sol. ekuk fd gheksXyksfcu ds izR;sd v.kq esa vk;ju ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k x gSA
x  56
Fe dk % nzO;eku = × 100 = 0.33 (fn;k x;k gS)
67200
 x = 4.
11. The mass ratio of iron and oxygen in a sample of pure Fe2O3 respectively is : [E]
'kq) Fe2O3 ds ,d izkn'kZ esa vk;ju o vkWDlhtu dk nzO;eku vuqikr fuEu gS %
(A) 2 : 1 (B*) 7 : 3 (C) 7 : 6 (D) 2 : 3
Sol. Fe : O = 2 × 56 : 3 × 16 = 7 : 3

12. The minimum molar mass of a compound containing 3.2% oxygen by mass is : [E]
(A) 1000 g (B*) 500 g (C) 2000 g (D) Cannot be determined
Min. mass of oxygen
Sol. Mass of compound × 100 = 3.2
16
Mol. mass of compound × 100 = 3.2
Minimum molecular mass of compound = 500 g.
13. A piece of iron gains 16% mass as some of iron gets rusted to produce Fe2O3. What % of iron has rusted?
 Hkkj 
yksgs dk ,d VqdM+k 16%  Hkkj  izkIr djrk gS rFkk dqN yksgs ij tax yxkdj Fe2O3 mRikfnr djrk gSA tax yxs yksgs
 
dk % D;k gS ?
(A) 20% (B) 23.3% (C*) 37.3% (D) 31%
Sol. Let piece of iron weight 100g,
16
 mass of iron piece after rusting = 100 + × 100 = 116 g
100
 mass of oxygen in rust = 116 – 100 = 16 g
16
 mole of oxygen in rust = = 1.
16
nFe 2
 n = (Rust is Fe2O3)
O 3
2 2
nFe = ×1= moles.
3 3
% of iron which has rusted
2
 56 112
= 3 × 100 = = 37.33%
100 3
gy % ekuk yksgs ds VqdM+s dk Hkkj 100g gS

16
 tax yxus ds i'pkr~ yksgs ds VqdM+s dk nzO;eku = 100 + × 100 = 116 g
100
 tax yxus ij vkWDlhtu dk nzO;eku = 116 – 100 = 16 g
16
 tax yxus ij vkWDlhtu ds eksy = = 1.
16
nFe 2
O 3
2 2
3 3
tax yxus okys yksgs dk %
2
 56 112
= 3 × 100 = = 37.33%
100 3
15. A mineral consists of an equimolar mixture of the carbonates of two bivalent metals. One metal is present to
the extent of 12.5% by weight. 2.8 g of the mineral on heating lost 1.32 g of CO2. What is the % weight of the
other metal ? [AKK Sir_Jan_2013] [M]
,d [kfut nks f}la;ksth /kkrq dkcksZusVks dk ,d leeksyj feJ.k gSA ,d /kkrq] Hkkj ds vuqlkj 12.5% lhek rd mifLFkr gSA
2.8 g [kfut dks xeZ djus ij 1.32 g CO2 dh gkfu gksrh gSA vU; /kkrq dk % Hkkj D;k gSA [AKK Sir_Jan_2013]
(A) 87.5 (B) 35.71 (C) 65.11 (D*) 23.21
(E) 30.5
Sol. Let two equimolar carbonates are ACO3 and BCO3
wt. of metal A = 2.8 × 0.125 = 0.35 g

ACO3 + BCO3  AO + BO + 2CO2
Total two moles of CO32– provide 2 moles of CO2 or 60 g CO32– required 44 g of CO2
Total mass of CO32– required to produced
60
1.32 g of CO2 = × 1.32 = 1.8 g
44
wt. of metal (A + B) = 2.8 – 1.8 = 1 g
wt. of B = 1 – 0.35 = 0.65 g
0.65
% of B = × 100 = 23.21
2.80
gy. ekuk nks leeksyj dkcksZusV ACO3 vkSj BCO3 gSa
/kkrq A dk Hkkj = 2.8 × 0.125 = 0.35 g
ACO3 + BCO3  AO + BO + 2CO2
CO32– ds dqy 2 eksy] CO2 ds 2 eksy iznku djrs gS vFkok 60 g CO32– dks 44 g CO2 dh vko';drk gSA
CO32– dk dqy nzO;eku mRiknu ds fy, vko';d gSA
60
CO2 dk 1.32 g = × 1.32 = 1.8 g
44
(A + B) /kkrq dk Hkkj = 2.8 – 1.8 = 1 g
B dk Hkkj = 1 – 0.35 = 0.65 g
0.65
B dk % = × 100 = 23.21
2.80
16. If the percentage of water of crystallization in MgSO4. xH2O is 13%. What is the value of x ?
;fn MgSO4. xH2O esa fØLVyhdj.k ds fy, ty dk izfr'kr 13% gS rks x dk eku D;k gS ?
(A*) 1 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 7
18x
Sol.  100 = 13 or x =1
120  18x
17. A compound contain equal masses of the elements A, B and C. If the atomic weights of A, B and C are 20,
40 and 60 respectively. The empirical formula of the compound is : [Ref. SJ Sir_2012] [M]
,d ;kSfxd] rRo A, B o C dk cjkcj nzO;eku j[krk gSA ;fn A, B o C dk ijek.kq Hkkj Øe'k% 20, 40 o 60 gS rc
;kSfxd dk ewykuqikrh lw=k gS % [Ref. SJ Sir_2012]
(A) A3 B2 C (B) AB2 C3 (C) ABC (D*) A6B3C2
Sol. A B C
W W W
W W W
mole
20 40 60
Simple ratio 3 1.5 1
Whole no. ratio 6 3 2
Empirical formula ewykuqikrh lw=k A6B3C2 Ans.
18. Find the empirical formula of a compound containing Fe, S and O in mass ratio 7 : 6 : 12 : [E]
,d ;kSfxd] tks Fe, S rFkk O ;qDr gS] Øe'k% nzO;eku vuqikr 7 : 6 : 12 esa gSa] ds fy, ewykuqikrh lw=k Kkr dhft;s :
(A) FeSO4 (B) Fe2S2O3 (C) Fe2S2O7 (D*) Fe2S3O12
Sol. Mass Moles Simplest ratio

7 1
Fe 7  1
56 8
6 3 3
S 6 
32 16 2
12 3
O 12  6
16 4
Whole number ratio iw.kkZadksa dk vuqikr = 2 : 3 : 12

So, Fe2S3O12

19. The element X and Y form a compound which contains the element in ratio of 1 : 3 by mass. If their vapour
density are in ratio of 2 : 3 find empirical formula of compound. [M]
rRo X rFkk Y feydj ,d ;kSfxd cukrs gSa] ftlesa rRoksa ds Hkkjksa dk vuqikr 1 : 3 gSA ;fn buds ok"i ?kuRo dk vuqikr
2 : 3 gS rc ;kSfxd dk ewykuwikrh lw=k Kkr djks %
(A) XY (B*) XY2 (C) XY3 (D) X2Y
Sol. X Y
mass x : 3x
x 3x
moles :
2M 3M
1
: 1
2
1 : 2
20. In a hydrocarbon, the mass % of C and H are 90% and 10% respectively. If 20 g of given hydrocarbon in
vapour phase occupies a volume of 5.6 litre at STP , then the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon is :
(Take molar volume at STP as 22.4 litre for an ideal gas) [E]
,d gkbMªksdkcZu esa dkcZu o gkbMªkstu dh izfr'krrk Øe'k% 90% rFkk 10% gS ;fn fn;s x;s gkbMªksdkcZu ds 20 g dk vk;ru
xSlh; voLFkk esa STP ij 5.6 yhVj gS rks gkbMªksdkcZu dk v.klw=k gksxk (STP ij vkn'kZ xSl ds 1 eky dk vk;ru 22.4
yhVj gS)
(A) C3H4 (B) C5H20 (C*) C6H8 (D) C9H12
Sol. C H
Mass % 90 10
90 10
mole %
12 1
Ratio 3 : 4
5.6 litre at NTP weighs 20 g
 22.4 at NTP weighs 80 g
 molar mass = 80
 n = 2 and molecular formula = (C3H4)2 = C6H8
Sol. C H
nzO;eku% 90 10
90 10
eksy %
12 1
vuqikr 3 : 4
 ewy kuqi krh lw=k = C H
3 4
5.6 yhVj dk NTP ij Hkkj 20 g
 22.4 yhVj dk NTP ij Hkkj 80 g
 eksyj nzO;eku = 80
 n = 2 rFkk v.kqlw=k = (C3H4)2 = C6H8
21. 64 gm of an organic compound has 24 g carbon and 8 g hydrogen and the rest is oxygen. The empirical
formula of the compound is [E]
(A*) CH4O (B) CH2O (C) C2H4O (D) None of these
dkcZfud ;kSfxd ds 64 gm esa dkcZu ds 24 g, gkbMªkstu ds 8 g rFkk 'ks"k vkWDlhtu xSl mifLFkr gS rks ;kSfxd dk ewykuqikrh
lw=k Kkr djksA
(A*) CH4O (B) CH2O (C) C2H4O (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. C H O
mass 24 8 32
24 8 32
moles
12 1 16
ratio 2 8 2
1 4 1
Hence emperical formula is CH4O

gy. C H O
nzO;eku 24 8 32
24 8 32
eksy
12 1 16
vuqikr 2 8 2
1 4 1
bl izdkj eqykuqikrh lw=k CH4O gSA
22. If 25 mL of a H2SO4 solution reacts completely with 1.06 g of pure Na2CO3, what is the molarity of this acid
solution : [E]
H2SO4 ds ,d foy;u ds 25 mL dks 'kq) Na2CO3 ds 1.06 g ds lkFk iw.kZ :i ls vfHkd`r fd;k tkrk gSA bl vEy foy;u
dh eksyjrk D;k gksxh %
(A) 1 M (B) 0.5 M (C) 1.8 M (D*) 0.4 M
Sol. Eq. of Na2CO3 = Eq. of H2SO4
1 . 06 25
2  N
106 1000
N = 0.8 N
Molarity = 0.4
gy. Na2CO3 ds rqY;kad = H2SO4 ds rqY;kad
1 . 06 25
2  N
106 1000
N = 0.8 N
eksyjrk = 0.4
23. 10 g of a hydrocarbon (not necessarily alkane) on analysis was found to contain 1 g hydrogen. If all H-atoms
from 1 mole of hydrocarbon are removed and converted into H2 gas, then the gas produced has mass of 8 g.
Then, molecular formula of hydrocarbon is : [M]
,d 10 g gkbMªksdkcZu (,Ydsu gksuk vko';d ugha) dk fo'ys"k.k djus ij ik;k tkrk gS fd og 1 g gkbMªkstu j[krk gSA ;fn
1 eksy gkbMªksdkcZu ls lHkh H-ijek.kq gVk;s tkrs gSa o bUgsa H2 xSl esa ifjofrZr fd;k tkrk gS] rks mRikfnr xSl dk nzO;eku
8 g ik;k tkrk gSA rc gkbMªksdkcZu dk v.kqlw=k fuEu gS %
(A) C2H4 (B) C3H4 (C) C4H8 (D*) C6H8
9 1
Sol. C:H= : =3:4
12 1
So, molecular formula = (C3H4)n = C3nH4n
Moles of H-atoms formed after removal = 1 × 4n
4n
 Moles of H2 formed = = 2n
2
 Mass of H2 formed = 2n × 2 = 4n = 8 (given)
 n=2
 Mol. formula = C3 × 2H4 × 2 = C6H8
9 1
Sol. C:H= : =3:4
12 1
 ewykuqikrh lw=k = C3H4
blfy,] v.kqlw=k = (C3H4)n = C3nH4n
gVkus ds i'pkr~ cus H-ijek.kqvksa ds eksy = 1 × 4n
4n
 cuuss okys H2 ds eksy = 2
= 2n
 cuuss okys H2 dk nzO;eku = 2n × 2 = 4n = 8 (fn;k x;k gS)

 n=2
 v.kqlw=k = C3 × 2H4 × 2 = C6H8

MCQ
1. Which of the following statements is/are FALSE for a 75% pure, 4 g sample of Urea (NH2CONH2) and a 60%
pure, 5 g sample of Acetic acid (CH3COOH) : [M]
(A*) The number of molecules of urea in the I sample and number of molecules of acetic acid in the II sample
are not equal.
(B) Both urea molecule and acetic acid molecule have same atomicity.
(C) Both the samples, after the removal of impurity, contain same number of H-atoms.
(D*) If from both the samples after the removal of impurity, all O-atoms are removed and recombined to form
3NA
O3 gas, then total molecules of O3 gas are produced.
20
,d 75% 'kq)] 4 g ;wfj;k (NH2CONH2) ds izkn'kZ rFkk ,d 60% 'kq)] 5 g ,flfVd vEy (CH3COOH) ds izkn'kZ ds fy,
fuEu esa ls dkSulk@dkSuls dFku xyr gS@gSa %
(A*) I izkn'kZ esa ;wfj;k ds v.kqvksa dh la[;k] II izkn'kZ esa ,flfVd vEy ds v.kqvksa dh la[;k ds leku ugha gSA
(B) ;wfj;k v.kq o ,flfVd vEy v.kq] nksuksa dh ijek.kqdrk leku gksrh gSA
(C) nksuksa izkn'kZ] v'kqf) gVkus ds i'pkr~] H-ijek.kqvksa dh leku la[;k j[krs gSaA
(D*) ;fn nksuksa izkn'kks± ls v'kqf) gVkus ds i'pkr~] lHkh O-ijek.kq dks gVk;k tkrk gS rFkk iquZla;ksftr dj O3 xSl dks cuk;k
3NA
tkrk gS] rc O3 xSl ds dqy 20
v.kq curs gSaA
75 60
Sol. Mass of pure urea = × 4 = 3 g and mass of pure acetic acid = ×5=3g
100 100
Mass 3 NA
Number of molecules of urea in the I sample = × NA = × NA =
GMM 60 20
Mass 3 NA
Number of molecules of acetic acid in the II sample = × NA = × NA =
GMM 60 20
So, the number of molecules of urea in the I sample and number of molecules of acetic acid in the II sample
are equal.
Both urea molecule and acetic acid molecule have same atomicity (same number of total atoms per molecule)
= 8.
NA NA
Number of H-atoms in urea sample = ×4=
20 5
NA NA
Number of H-atoms in acetic acid sample = ×4=
20 5
So, both the samples, after the removal of impurity, contain same number of H-atoms.
Total moles of O-atoms in both samples = nurea × 1 + nacetic acid × 2
3 3 3
= ×1+ ×2=
60 60 20
3 / 20 1
 Total moles of O3 gas = =
3 20
1 NA
 Total number of molecules of O3 gas = × NA =
20 20
75 60
gy. 'kq) ;wfj;k dk nzO;eku = 100
× 4 = 3 g rFkk 'kq) ,flfVd vEy dk nzO;eku = 100
×5=3g
nzO; eku 3 NA
I izkn'kZ esa ;wfj;k ds v.kqvksa dh la[;k = × NA = × NA =
GMM 60 20
nzO; eku 3 NA
II izkn'kZ esa ,lhfVd vEy ds v.kqvksa dh la[;k = × NA = × NA =
GMM 60 20
blfy, I izkn'kZ esa ;wfj;k ds v.kqvksa dh la[;k] II izkn'kZ esa ,flfVd vEy ds v.kqvksa dh la[;k ds cjkcj gksrh gSA
;wfj;k v.kq o ,flfVd vEy v.kq nksuksa dh ijek.kqdrk leku gksrh gSA (izfrv.kq dqy ijek.kqvksa dh leku la[;k) = 8.
NA NA
;wfj;k izkn'kZ esa H-ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k = 20
×4=
5
NA NA
,flfVd vEy izkn'kZ esa H-ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k = 20
×4=
5

blfy, v'kqf) gVkus ds i'pkr~ nksuksa izkn'kZ] H-ijek.kqvksa dh leku la[;k j[krs gSaA
nksuksa izkn'kkss± esa O-ijek.kqvksa ds dqy eksy = n;wfj;k × 1 + n,flfVd vEy × 2
3 3 3
= ×1+ ×2=
60 60 20
3 / 20 1
 O3 xSl ds dqy eksy = =
3 20
1 NA
 O3 xSl ds v.kqvksa dh dqy la[;k = × NA =
20 20
2. Which of the following will be same for Glucose and Acetic acid ? [M]
(A) Molar mass (B*) Empirical mass
(C*) % of carbon by mass (D*) Empirical formula
Xywdksl rFkk ,lhfVd vEy esa fuEu leku gksxsaA
(A) eksyj nzO;eku (B*) ewykuqikrh nzO;eku
(C*) dkcZu dk % nzO;eku (D*) ewykuqikrh lw=k [By AIS Sir, July 2013]
Sol. Refer notes.
3. A mixture contain 15 g C2H6 (g) and 8 g CH4(g) then which of the following are correct : (MOL)
(A*) Molar mass of mixture is 23 g/mol
(B*) Mass of H in the mixture is 5 g
(C) If above two gases are separated and taken at STP then both gases will have same number of atoms
(D) Relative density of mixture with respect to He is 11.5
,d feJ.k 15 g C2H6 (g) rFkk 8 g CH4(g) j[krk gS rc fuEu esa ls dkSuls fodYi lgh gSa %
(A*) feJ.k dk eksyj nzO;eku 23 g/mol gSA
(B*) feJ.k esa H dk nzO;eku 5 g gSA
(C) ;fn mijksDr nksuksa xSlks dks i`Fkd fd;k tk;s rFkk nksuks xSlksa dks STP ij j[kk tk;s rc nksuksa xSlks esa ijek.kq dh la[;k
leku gksrh gSA
(D) He ds lkis{k feJ.k dk vkisf{kr ?kuRo 11.5 gSA
15  8
Ans. GMM of mixture = = 23 g/mol
15 8

30 16
15 8
mass of H = ×6+ ×4 = 3 + 2 = 5 g.
30 16
15  8
Ans. feJ.k dk GMM = 15 = 23 g/mol
8

30 16
15 8
H dk nzO;eku = ×6+ ×4 = 3 + 2 = 5 g.
30 16
4. 1 mole of an organic compound containing C, H and O on complete combustion produces 134.4 L of CO2 gas
at STP and 108 g H2O. Then, the molecular formula of organic compound could be : [E]
,d dkcZfud ;kSfxd dk 1 eksy] tks C, H rFkk O j[krk gS] iw.kZ:i ls ngu ij STP ij 134.4 L CO2 o 108 g H2O mRikfnr
djrk gSA rc dkcZfud ;kSfxd dk v.kqlw=k fuEu gks ldrk gS %
(A) C6H6O6 (B*) C6H12O6 (C) C6H6O (D*) C6H12O
 y z y
Sol. CxHyOz +  x  4  2  O2  xCO2 + HO
  2 2
134 .4 108
1 mole
22 .4 18
= 6 mole = 6 mole
From stoichiometry, x = 6 and y = 12
So, formula of organic compound = C6H12Oz.
However, the value of z cannot be predicted. So, possible formulae are C6H12O6 and C6H12O.

 y z y
  2 2
134 .4 108
1 eksy
22 .4 18
= 6 eksy = 6 eksy
jllehdj.kferh ls, x = 6 rFkk y = 12
blfy,] dkcZfud ;kSfxd dk lw=k = C6H12Oz.
;|fi] z dk eku ugha crk;k tk ldrk gS] blfy, lEHkkfor lw=k C6H12O6 rFkk C6H12O gSaA
5. For a pure sample of Urea (NH2CONH2), which of the following is/ are correct : [E]
(A*) Mass % of N = 46.66 % (B*) Mass % of H = 6.66 %
(C*) Mass % of C = 20 % (D) Mass % of O = 53.33 %
;wfj;k (NH2CONH2) ds ,d 'kq) izkn'kZ ds fy,] fuEu esa ls dkSulk@dkSuls dFku lgh gS@gSa %
(A*) N dk nzO;eku % = 46.66 % (B*) H dk nzzO;eku % = 6.66 %
(C*) C dk nzO;eku % = 20 % (D) O dk nzO;eku % = 53.33 %
Sol. Mol. Mass of urea = 60
28
Mass % of N = × 100 = 46.66 %
60
4
Mass % of H = × 100 = 6.66 %
60
12
Mass % of C = × 100 = 20 %
60
16
Mass % of O = × 100 = 26.66 %
60
gy ;wfj;k dk v.kqHkkj = 60
28
N dk nzO;eku % = × 100 = 46.66 %
60
4
H dk nzO;eku % = × 100 = 6.66 %
60
12
C dk nzO;eku % = × 100 = 20 %
60
16
O dk nzO;eku % = × 100 = 26.66 %
60
6. A compound contained 2% Ca, 2.4% Mg and also 12.8% S. What can be the possible molecular mass of
compound ? [E]
,d ;kSfxd 2% Ca, 2.4% Mg rFkk lkFk gh 12.8% S j[krk gSA ;kSfxd dk laHkkfor v.kq Hkkj D;k gks ldrk gS\
(A) 250 u (B) 1000 u (C*) 2000 u (D*) 4000 u
100
Sol. Min. molecular mass w.r.t. (U;wure v.kqHkkj lanHkZ esa) Ca = × 40 = 2000 u
2
100
Mg = × 24 = 1000 u
2.4
100
S= × 32 = 250 u.
12.8
Hence possible molecular mass (vr% laHkkfor v.kqHkkj) = 2000 × a u.
Where a is positive integer. (tgka a /kukRed iw.kkZad gS)

7. An organic compound was analysed to give following percentage composition by mass : [E]
C = 40%, H = 6.67 %, O = 53.33%
Which molecular formula of compound could be possible for this composition.
,d dkcZfud ;kSfxd dk ¼Hkkj ls½ izfr'kr laxBu fuEu izdkj gS %
C = 40%, H = 6.67 %, O = 53.33%
bl laxBu ds fy, dkSulk@dkSuls v.kqlw=k lgh gks ldrs gSaA
(A*) C6H12O6 (B*) CH3COOH (C) CH3CHO (D) C2H5OH
Sol. C : H : O
40/12 : 6.67/1 : 53.33/16
1 : 2 : 1
C H2O  Empirical formula (ewykuqikrh lw=k).
8. Which of the following statements is/are false for a 75% pure, 4 g sample of Urea (NH2CONH2) and a 60%
pure, 5 g sample of Acetic acid (CH3COOH) : [T]
are not equal.
3NA
20
fuEu esa ls dkSulk@dkSuls dFku xyr gS @ gSa %
(B) ;wfj;k v.kq o ,flfVd vEy v.kq] nksuksa dh ijek.oh;rk leku gksrh gSA
(D*) ;fn nksuksa izkn'kksZ ls v'kqf) gVkus ds i'pkr~] lHkh O-ijek.kq dks gVk;k tkrk gS rFkk iquZla;ksftr dj O3 xSl dks cuk;k
3NA
v.kq curs gSaA
75 60
100 100
Mass 3 NA
GMM 60 20
Mass 3 NA
GMM 60 20
are equal.
= 8.
NA NA
20 5
NA NA
20 5
3 3 3
= ×1+ ×2=
60 60 20
3 / 20 1
3 20
1 NA
20 20

75 60
×5=3g
nzO; eku 3 NA
GMM 60 20
nzO; eku 3 NA
GMM 60 20
;wfj;k v.kq o ,flfVd vEy v.kq nksuksa dh ijek.oh;rk leku gksrh gSA (izfrv.kq dqy ijek.kqvksa dh leku la[;k) = 8.
NA NA
×4=
5
NA NA
×4=
5
nksuksa izkn'kkssZ esa O-ijek.kqvksa ds dqy eksy = n;wfj;k × 1 + n,flfVd vEy × 2
3 3 3
= ×1+ ×2=
60 60 20
3 / 20 1
3 20
1 NA
20 20
A/R
1. Statement-1 : If the mole % of two elements A (Atomic mass = 20) and B (Atomic mass = 10) is 60% and
40% respectively, the empirical formula of compound is A3B4. [E] (MOL)
Statement-2 : The mole % of constituent elements gives the empirical formula of the compound.
(1) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(2) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(3) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False.
(4*) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True.
oDrO;&1 : ;fn nks rRo A (ijek.kq Hkkj = 20) rFkk B (ijek.kq Hkkj = 10) ds eksy % Øe'k % 60% rFkk 40% gS] rks ;kSfxd
dk ewykuqikrh lw=k A3B4 gksxkA
oDrO;&2 : vo;oh rRoksa ds eksy % ds ljyre vuqikr }kjk ;kSfxd dk ewykuqikrh lw=k izkIr gksrk gSA
(1) oDrO;-1 lR; gS, oDrO;-2 lR; gS; oDrO;-2 oDrO; -1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k gSA
(2) oDrO;-1 lR; gS, oDrO;-2 lR; gS ; oDrO;-2 oDrO;-1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k ugha gSA
(3) oDrO; -1 lR; gS, oDrO;-2 vlR; gSA
(4*) oDrO; -1 vlR; gS , oDrO;-2 lR; gSA
Sol. A : B = 60 : 40 = 3 : 2
 empirical formula
gy A : B = 60 : 40 = 3 : 2
ewykuqikrh lw=k = A3B2.
Comprehension :
Uranium is used as a fuel, primarily in the form of uranium (IV) oxide, in nuclear power plants.
421
(a) A small sample of uranium metal (0.119 g) is heated to 800 to 900ºC in air to give mg of a dark-green
3
oxide, UxOy.
(b) The oxide UxOy is obtained if UO2(NO3)2.zH2O is heated to temperatures higher than 800ºC in the air.
However, if you heat it gently, only the water of hydration is lost. If one starts with 1.004 g of UO2(NO3)2.zH2O,
0.788 g of UO2(NO3)2 are obtained after gentle heating. (Given : Atomic mass of U = 238 u)
Now answer the following questions : [Ref : By SM Sir, July 2013]

eq[;r% ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ l;a=kksa esa ;wjsfu;e] ;wjsfu;e (IV) vkWDlkbM ds :i esa bZa/ku dh rjg iz;qDr gksrk gSA
(a) ;wjsfu;e /kkrq (0.119 g) ds ,d izkn'kZ dks ok;q dh mifLFkfr esa 800 ls 900ºC rd xeZ djus ij xgjs gjs jax ds vkWDlkbM
421
UxOy ds mg izkIr gksrs gSaA
3
(b) ;fn UO2(NO3)2.zH2O dks ok;q dh mifLFkfr esa 800ºC ls vf/kd rki ij xeZ djrs gSa] rks vkWDlkbM UxOy izkIr gksrk
gSA ;|fi bls eUn :i ls xeZ fd;k tk,] rc dsoy ty;kstu dk ty eqDr gksrk gSA UO2(NO3)2.zH2O ds 1.004 g
dks eUn :i ls xeZ djus ds i'pkr~ UO2(NO3)2 ds 0.788 xzke izkIr gksrs gSaA (fn;k gS : U dk ijek.kq Hkkj = 238 u)
fuEu iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft;s : [Ref : By SM Sir, July 2013]
1. What is the empirical formula of the oxide : [T]

vkWDlkbM dk ewykuqikrh lw=k D;k gS %
(A) U2O5 (B) U6O16 (C*) U3O8 (D) U3O7
Sol. U  UxOy
0.119 5  10 4
Mole = Mole =
238 x
5  10 4
= 5  10–4 m=  (238x + 16y)
x
5  10 4 421
 (238x + 16y) =  10–3
x 3
 x:y=3:8  Emp. formula = U3O8.
0.119 5  10 4
eksy = eksy =
238 x
5  10 4
= 5  10–4 m=  (238x + 16y)
x
5  10 4 421
 (238x + 16y) =  10–3
x 3
 x:y=3:8  ewykuqikrh lw=k = U3O8.
2. How many molecules of water of hydration are there in UO2(NO3)2.zH2O : [T]

UO2(NO3)2.zH2O esa ty;ksftr ty ds fdrus v.kq mifLFkr gaS %
(A) 5 (B*) 6 (C) 7 (D) 9
Sol. Mol. mass of UO2(NO3)2.zH2O = 394 + 18z.
(394 + 18z) g UO2(NO3)2.zH2O  394 g UO2(NO3)2
and 1.004 g UO2(NO3)2.zH2O  0.788 g UO2(NO3)2
On solving, z = 6.
Sol. UO2(NO3)2.zH2O dk vkf.od nzO;eku = 394 + 18z.
(394 + 18z) g UO2(NO3)2.zH2O  394 g UO2(NO3)2
rFkk 1.004 g UO2(NO3)2.zH2O  0.788 g UO2(NO3)2
gy djus ij z = 6.
The empirical formula of an organic compound can be calculated from its combustion data. If a known mass
of organic compound undergoes combustion and volume or mass of CO2 evolved and mass of H2O produced
are measured, then the ratio of C and H in the organic compound can be easily calculated.
Consider an organic compound containing C, H and O only. 12.2 g of this compound is reacted completely
with excess of oxygen 15.68 L of CO2 and 5.4 g of water is produced at STP. (MOL)
,d dkcZfud ;kSfxd dk ewykuqikrh lw=k blds ngu vkWdM+ksa ls Kkr dj ldrs gSA ;fn ngu ds nkSjku ,d dkcZfud ;kSfxd
dk Kkr nzO;eku rFkk fu"dkflr CO2 dk vk;ru ;k nzO;eku o mRikfnr H2O dk nzO;eku Kkr fd;k tkrk gks rks dkcZfud
;kSfxd esa C o H dk vuqikr ljyrk ls Kkr dj ldrs gSA

,d dkcZfud ;kSfxd dsoy C, H o O j[krk gSA STP ij bl ;kSfxd dk 12.2 g vkWDlhtu ds vkf/kD; ds lkFk iw.kZ :i
ls vfHkfØ;k dj 15.68 L CO2 o 5.4 g ty mRikfnr djrk gSA
3. Find the empirical formula of compound : [E] (MOL)
;kSfxd dk ewykuqikrh lw=k Kkr dhft, %
(1*) C7H6O2 (2) C5H6O2 (3) C7H6O (4) C4H7O2
15.68 15.68
Sol. nCO2 = mass of CO2 =  44 g = 30.8 g
22.4 22.4
12 15.68
Mass of carbon in it =   44 = 8.4 g.
44 2.24
Mass of H in 5.4 g of H2O is = 0.6 g.
2
 5 .4
18
Mass of O in compound = 12.2 – 8.4 – 0.6 = 3.2 g. This will give required empirical formula.
15.68 15.68
Sol. nCO2 = CO2 dk nzO;eku =  44 g = 30.8 g
22.4 22.4
12 15.68
bles mifLFkr dkcZu dk nzO;eku =   44 = 8.4 g.
44 2.24
5.4 xzke H2O esa H dk nzO;eku = 2  5.4 = 0.6 g.

18
;kSfxd esa O dk nzO;eku = 12.2 – 8.4 – 0.6 = 3.2 g. bldh lgk;rk ls mijksDr ewykuqikrh lw=k Kkr gksxkA
4. Find the mass of oxygen required for combustion of above sample of organic compound : [M]
(MOL)
dkcZfud ;kSfxd ds mijksDr uewus ds ngu ds fy, vko';d vkWDlhtu dk nzO;eku Kkr dhft, \
(1) 3.2 g (2*) 24 g (3) 32 g (4) 2.4 g
Sol. mO2  30.8  5.4 – 12.2 = 24 g.

ç'u 5 ls 6 ds fy, vuqPNsn
According to the law of definite proportion, a compound has fixed percentages of elements. Percentages of
elements help to find empirical formula for the compound. Two different compounds may have the same
empirical formula. Therefore, different compounds may have the same percentages of elements.
fuf'pr vuqikr ds fu;e ds vuqlkj] ,d ;kSfxd esa rRoksa dk izfr'kr fuf'pr gksrk gSA rRoksa ds izfr'kr ;kSfxd dk ewykuqikrh
lw=k Kkr djus esa lgk;d gSA nks fHkUu ;kSfxdks ds ewykuqikrh lw=k leku gks ldrs gSA fofHkUu ;kSfxdksa esa rRoksa dk izfr'kr
leku gks ldrk gSA
5. Which of the following compounds samples have the same percentages of Carbon ?
(I) 16 g CH4 , (II) 8 g CH4 , (III) 1 mol CH4 , (IV) 15 g C2H6
(A) I & II (B) II & III (C*) I, II & III (D) I & III
fuEu esa ls dkSuls ;kSfxdks ds izkn'kks± esa dkcZu dk izfr'kr leku gS\
(I) 16 g CH4 , (II) 8 g CH4 , (III) 1 mol CH4 , (IV) 15 g C2H6
(A) I o II (B) II o III (C*) I, II o III (D) I o III
Sol. CH4 contains fixed % of Carbon.
CH4 dkcZu dk fuf'pr vuqikr j[krk gSA
6. A nitride M3N contains 60% of M by mass. The atomic mass of M is :

,d ukbZVªkbM M3N nzO;eku ls M dk 60% j[krk gSA M dk ijek.kq nzO;eku fuEu gS&
(A*) 7 (B) 14 (C) 21 (D) 28
3  X 60
Sol.   X=7
14 40

The vapour density of a hypothetical gas is 30 and the gas contains 3 elements X = 40%, Y = 6.7% and Z =
53.3% by mass. Atomic mass of X = 12 amu, Atomic mass of Y = 1 amu and Atomic mass of Z = 16 amu.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions :
7. If we take 90 g of hypothetical gas, then the total number of atoms of Y present in the gas sample are : [T]
(A*) 3.6132  1024 (B) 1.2044  1024 (C) 7.2264  1024 (D) 1.8066  1024
40 6 .7 53.3
Sol. X:Y:Z= : : =1:2:1
12 1 16
 Empirical formula = XY2Z
Vapour density = 30.
 Molecular mass = 2 × 30 = 60
Mol. mass 60
 n = Emp. mass = =2
30
 Molecular formula = X2Y4Z2
60g  NA molecules of X2Y4Z2

90
90g  60 NA molecules of X2Y4Z2
= 1.5 NA molecules of X2Y4Z2
 1 molecule contains 4 atoms of Y
 1.5 NA molecules contains 6.0 NA atoms of Y = 6  6.022  1023 atoms = 3.6132  1024 atoms.
8. The total number protons in 5.6 litre of hypothetical gas at STP are : [Given : Number of protons in one atom
of X,Y and Z are 6,1 and 8 respectively] [T]
(A) 6.022  1023 (B) 1.2044  1024 (C) 6.022  1024 (D*) 4.8176  1024
5. 6 1 1
Sol. 5.6 litres at STP = = mole  N molecules
22.4 4 4 A
 0.25  6.022  1023 molecules of X2Y4Z2
No. of protons in one molecules of X2Y4Z2 = 12 + 4 + 16 = 32
Total no of protons in 5.6 litre of
gas of STP = 0.25  6.022  1023  32
= 48.176  1023

A chemist decided to determine the molecular formula of an unknown compound. He collects following
informations :
(I) Compound contains 2 : 1 'H' to 'O' atoms(ratio of number of atoms).
(II) Compounds has 40% C by mass
(III) Approximate molecular mass of the compound is 178 g
(IV) Compound contains C, H and O only.
,d jlk;uK us lkspk fd og ,d vKkr ;kSfxd dk v.kq lw=k fu/kkZfjr djsxkA mlus fuEu lwpuk;sa ,d=k dh
(I) ;kSfxd esa 'H', 'O' ijek.kq dk vuqikr 2 : 1 gSA ¼ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k dk vuqikr½
(II) ;kSfxd esa nzO;eku dk 40% dkcZu gSA
(III) ;kSfxd dk vkf.od nzO;eku yxHkx 178 g gSA
(IV) ;kSfxd esa dsoy C, H rFkk O rRo gSaA
9. What is the % by mass of oxygen in the compound : [M]

;kSfxd esa vkWDlhtu dk nzO;eku % D;k gksxk %
(A*) 53.33% (B) 88.88% (C) 33.33% (D) None of these buesa ls dksbZ
ugha

10. What is the empirical formula of the compound : [M]
;kSfxd dk eqykuqikrh lq=k D;k gksxk %
(A) CH3O (B*) CH2O (C) C2H2O (D) CH3O2
Sol. (9 to 10) Mole eksy Simple ratio ljy vuqikr

40 3.33
C 40% = 3.333 =1
12 3.33
2 6.66 6.66
H  60 = 6.66% = 6.66 =2
18 1 3.33
16 53.33 3.33
O  60 = 53.333 = 3.333 =1
18 16 3.33
Empirical formula CH2O (ewykuqikrh lw=k CH2O)
GMM GMM 178
n = Empirical formula weight = ewy kuqikrh lwk d k Hkkj 6
30
T/F
1. S1 : If the vapour density of a metal chloride is 85 and the valency of the metal involved is 4, then the gram
atomic mass of metal will be 28 g. [M] (Mole Concept--1)
S2 : Minimum molecular mass of a compound containing 3.2% oxygen by mass is 1000 u.
S3 : 5 mole of Aluminium nitrate (Al(NO3)3) contains 15 mole N atoms, 45 mole O atoms and 10 mole Al
atoms.
S4 : In ferric oxide (Fe2O3), the mass % of Fe is (7/3) times the mass % of O.
S1 : ;fn ,d /kkrq DyksjkbM dk ok"i ?kuRo 85 gS vkSj blesa iz;qDr /kkrq dh la;kstdrk 4 gS] rc /kkrq dk xzke ijekf.od
nzO;eku 28 g gksxkA
S2 : ,d ;kSfxd] ftlesa vkWDlhtu dk nzO;eku dqy nzO;eku dk 3.2% gS] dk U;wure vkf.od nzO;eku 1000 u gksxkA
S3 : ,Y;wfefu;e ukbVªsV (Al(NO3)3) ds 5 eksy] N ijek.kq ds 15 eksy, O ijek.kq ds 45 eksy rFkk Al ijek.kq ds 10 eksy j[krs
gSAa
S4 : QSfjd vkWDlkbM (Fe2O3) esa] Fe dk % nzO;eku , O ds % nzO;eku dk (7/3) xquk gksrk gSA
(A) TTFT (B*) TFFT (C) TFTF (D) FFFF
Sol. S1 : Molecular mass = 2 × V.D. = 2 × 85 = 170
for MCl4  M + 4 × 35.5 = 170  M = 28 (A is correct)
S2 : Let minimum molecular mass of compound be X.
3 .2
 X× = 16, then X = 500 (B is incorrect)
100
S3 : According to the molecular formula Al(NO3)3 , 5 moles of it should contain only 5 moles of Al (C is
incorrect)
S4 : According the law of constant composition,
%Fe 2  MFe 112 7
= 3M = = = 2.33 (D is correct)
%O O 48 3
gy. S1 : v.kqHkkj = 2 × ok"i ?kuRo = 2 × 85 = 170
MCl4 ds fy;s  M + 4 × 35.5 = 170  M = 28 (A lgh gS)
S2 : ekuk fd ;kSfxd dk U;wure v.kqHkkj X gSA
3 .2
 X× = 16, rc X = 500 (B xyr gS)
100
S3 : ;kSfxd ds v.kqlw=k Al(NO3)3 ds vuqlkj] ;kSfxd ds 5 eksy esa dsoy 5 eksy Al gh mifLFkr gksuk pkfg;sA (C xyr gS)
S4 : fLFkj laxBu ds fu;ekuqlkj]
%Fe 2  MFe 112 7
= 3M = = = 2.33 (D lgh gS)
%O O 48 3
2. The minimum molar mass of a compound containing 1.4% nitrogen by mass is 2000 g. [E]
,d ;kSfxd] tks 1.4% ukbVªkstu ¼Hkkj ls½ j[krk gS] mldk U;wure eksyj nzO;eku 2000 g gSA
Ans. False
Sol. Let the mol. formula of unknown compound be ........ N
14
Now, Mass % of N = Mol. mass × 100 = 1.4 (given)
 Min. molar mass of compound = 1000 g.
Sol. ekuk fd vKkr ;kSfxd dk v.kqlw=k ........ N gSA
14
vc, N dk nzO;eku % = v.kqHkkj × 100 = 1.4 (fn;k x;k gS)
 ;kSfxd dk U;wure eksyj nzO;eku = 1000 g.
3. The mass % of oxygen in a sample of Mohr’s salt (FeSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O) is greater than 50%. [E]
eksgj yo.k (FeSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O) ds ,d izkn'kZ esa vkWDlhtu dk nzO;eku izfr'kr 50% ls vf/kd gSA
Ans. True
224
Sol. Mass % of oxygen in Mohr's salt = × 100 = 57.143% (> 50%)
392
224
Sol. eksgj yo.k esa vkWDlhtu dk nzO;eku % = × 100 = 57.143% (> 50%)
392
4. If 6 g of an organic compound containing C,H and O on complete combustion produces 8.8 g of CO2 and
3.6 g of H2O, then the molecular formula of the compound must be C6H12O6. [M]
;fn C,H rFkk O ;qDr ,d dkcZfud ;kSfxd dk 6 xzke] iw.kZ ngu ij 8.8 g CO2 rFkk 3.6 g H2O nsrk gS] rks ;kSfxd dk
v.kqlw=k C6H12O6 gh gksxkA
Ans. F
8 .8
Sol. nCO = = 0.2, nC = 0.2
2 44
3 .6
nH = = 0.2, nH = 0.4
2O 18
mass of oxygen vkWDlhtu dk nzO;eku = 6– (0.2 × 12 + 0.4)
= 6 – 2.8 = 3.2g
3 .2
nO = = 0.2
16
 Empirical formula ewykuqikrh lw=k = CH2O
Molecular formula v.kqlw=k = (CH2O)n.
5. Two compounds having the same constituent elements and same mass percent of all the constituent elements,
may have different molecular formula. [E]
,sls nks ;kSfxd ftuesa leku vo;oh rRo fo|eku gSa rFkk lHkh vo;oh rRoksa dk Hkkj izfr'kr leku gS] rks bu nksuksa ;kSfxdksa
dk v.kqlw=k fHkUu&fHkUu gks ldrk gSA
Ans True
Sol. They will necessarily have same empirical formula but may have different molecular formula.
Eg. C2H2 & C6H6
budk ewykuqikrh lw=k vko';d :i ls leku gksxk ysfdu buds v.kqlw=k fHkUu gks ldrs gSaA
mnkgj.k % C2H2 rFkk C6H6
6. Two compounds having the same empirical formula can have different molecular formula. [E]
nks ;kSfxd ftuds v.kq lw=k fHkUu gks] muds ewykuqikrh lw=k leku gks ldrs gSA
Ans. True
Sol. Molecular formula = C6H6 Molecular formula = C2H2
Empirical formula = CH Empirical formula = CH
gy% v.kq lw=k = C6H6 v.kq lw=k = C2H2

ewykuqikrh lw=k = CH ewykuqikrh lw=k = CH

7. Analysis of a compound containing sulphur and phosphorus showed that 4.4 g of the compound contained
2.48 g of phosphorus the empirical formula compound will be P4S3 . [E]
,d ;kSfxd tks lYQj rFkk QkLQksjl j[krk gS blds izs{k.k ij ;g ik;k x;k gS fd ;kSfxd dk 4.4 g, 2.48 g QkLQksjl j[krk
gS rks ;kSfxd dk ewykuqikrh lw=k P4S3 gSA
Ans. True
Sol. wt mols ratio

Hkkj eksy vuqikr
2.48
P 2.48 = 0.08 4
31
1.92
S 1.92 = 0.06 3
32
P4S3
Integer :
1. A certain mass of hydrated oxalic acid (H2C2O4. xH2O) upon heating loses its water of crystallization completely.
The resulting mass is 71.43% of the original mass taken. Find the value of x. (Mole Concept-1)
ty;ksftr vkWDtSfyd vEy (H2C2O4. xH2O) ds ,d fuf'pr nzO;eku dks xeZ djus ij blds fØLVyhd`r ty dh iw.kZ gkfu
gks tkrh gSA ifj.kkeh nzO;eku] fy, x;s okLrfod nzO;eku dk 71.43% gSA vr%] x dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 2
Sol. 71.43% of mass of hydrated oxalic acid = mass of anhydrous oxalic acid.
71.43
  (90  18 x ) = 90  x = 2.
100
Sol. ty;ksftr vkWDtSfyd vEy ds nzO;eku dk 71.43% = futZy vkWDtSfyd vEy dk Hkkj
71.43
  (90  18 x ) = 90  x = 2.
100
2. If the percentage of water of crystallization in MgSO4. xH2O is 13%. What is the value of x ? [E]
;fn MgSO4. xH2O esa fØLVyh; ty 13% mifLFkr gS rks x dk eku D;k gS ?
Ans. 1
18x
Sol.  100 = 13 or x=1
120  18x
3. Na2SO3 . xH2O, has 50% H2O. Hence, x is : [E]

;fn Na2SO3 . xH2O, 50% H2O j[krk gS rks x dk eku gksxkA
Ans. 7
4. An impure sample of cuprite (Cu2O) contains 66.6% Copper. Find the ratio of % of pure Cu2O to % of
impurity by mass in the sample. [SKC Sir 2011] [M]
D;wizkbV (Cu2O) dk ,d v'kq) izkn'kZ] 66.6% dkWij j[krk gSA izkn'kZ esa 'kq) Cu2O ds nzO;eku % o v'kfq) ds nzO;eku
% dk vuqikr Kkr dhft;sA
Ans. 3
66.6  143
Sol. % of pure Cu2O ('kq) Cu2O dk %) = = 75%
2  63 .5
% of impurity (v'kqf) dk %) = 25%
75
So, ratio (vr%, vuqikr) = =3
25
5. To a sample of an element X (atomic weight = 70), element Y (atomic weight = 120) is added as impurity. The
ratio of atoms of X to Y in the resulting mixture is 1 : 10–7. Find the mass of Y in term of (1.714 × 10–p) that will
be required for 100 g of X for this ratio. Find the value of p. [SKC Sir 2011] [M]
,d rRo X (ijek.kq Hkkj = 70) ds ,d izkn'kZ esa rRo Y (ijek.kq Hkkj = 120) dks v'kqf) ds :i esa feyk;k tkrk gSA feJ.k
esa X rFkk Y ds ijek.kqvksa dk vuqikr 1 : 10–7 gSA bl vuqikr ds fy, 100 g X ds fy, vko';d Y dk nzO;eku dks
(1.714 × 10–p) ds inksa esa Kkr dhft;sA
Ans. 5
100
NA 1
70
Sol. =
Z
NA 10 7
120
Z = 1.714× 10–5
Therefore(vr%), p = 5.
6. A certain mass of hydrated oxalic acid (H2C2O4. xH2O) upon heating loses its water of crystallization completely.
The resulting mass is 71.43% of the original mass taken. Find the value of x. [M]
ty;ksftr vkWDtSfyd vEy (H2C2O4. xH2O) ds ,d fuf'pr nzO;eku dks xeZ djus ij blds fØLVyhd`r ty dh iw.kZ gkfu
gks tkrh gSA ifj.kkeh nzO;eku] fy, x;s okLrfod nzO;eku dk 71.43% gSA vr%] x dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 2
Sol. 71.43% of mass of hydrated oxalic acid = mass of anhydrous oxalic acid.
71.43
  (90  18 x ) = 90  x = 2.
100
Sol. ty;ksftr vkWDtSfyd vEy ds nzO;eku dk 71.43% = futZy vkWDtSfyd vEy dk Hkkj
71.43
  (90  18 x ) = 90  x = 2.
100
Subjective :
1. A certain compound contains by carbon and oxygen. Analysis show it has 36% carbon and 64% oxygen. If
its molecular mass is 400 then what are the empirical formula and molecular formula of the compound.
[4 Marks] [M]
,d ;kSfxd dkcZu rFkk vkDlhtu ;qDr gS] fo'ys"k.k n'kkZrs gS fd] bl ;kSfxd esa 36% dkcZu rFkk 64% vkDlhtu gSA ;fn
bldk vkf.od nzO;eku 400 gSA rc bl ;kSfxd ds ewykuqikrh lw=k rFkk vkf.od lw=k D;k gSA [4 Marks]
Ans. Empirical formula (ewykuqikrh lw=k) = C3O4 ; Molecular formula (vkf.od lw=k) = C12O16.
Sol. Element % At. Mass Relative Ratio Simple Ratio
Carbon 36 12 36/12 = 3 3
Oxygen 64 16 64/16 = 4 4
Empirical formula of the compound = C3O4 Ans.
Empirical formula mass = 12 × 3 + 16 × 4 = 100
Molecular formula mass = 400
M.F. mass 400
 n= = =4
E.F.mass 100
Hence, Molecular formula = (C3O4)4 = C12O16 Ans.
Sol. rRo izfr'kr ijek.kqnzO;eku l kis{k v uqikr l jy v uqikr

d kcZu 36 12 36/12 = 3 3
vkWDlht u 64 16 64/16 = 4 4
;kSfxd dk ewykuqikrh lw=k = C3O4 Ans.
ewykuqikrh lw=k Hkkj = 12 × 3 + 16 × 4 = 100
vkf.od lw=k Hkkj = 400
M.F. Hkkj 400
 n = E.F. Hkkj = =4
100
vr%] vkf.od lw=k = (C3O4)4 = C12O16 Ans.
2. (a) A compound containing Carbon and a halogen X having molecular formula CX4, contains 7.8 % C by
weight. Find the molecular mass of compound.
(Halogen is the general name used for Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine).
(b) A sea diver carries a cylinder having 60 % He, 20 % N2 and 20 % O2 (% by mole). How many
minimum moles of He should be present in the cylinder, if the diver spends 30 minutes under water.
The diver uses 32 mg of O2 per breath and each breath lasts for 2 seconds.
[4 + 6 = 10 Marks] [M]
Ans. (a) 154 u (b) 2.7 moles
12
Sol. (a) × 100 = 7.8
12  4 x
 X = 35.5
 Most appropriate answer is Cl. CCl4
Molecular mass = 12 + 4 (35.5) = 154 u.
(b) Total time spend = 30 × 60 sec.

30  60
No. of breaths = = 900
2
 Mass of O2 consumed = 32 × 10–3 × 900
32  10 3  900
 Moles of O2 consumed = = 0.9
32
Let total moles in gas cylinder x.
20 60  20 
 × x = 0.9  Moles of He = × x = 3 ×  100  x  = 3 × 0.9 = 2.7 moles.
100 100  

Section (C) : Stoichiometry, Equation based calculations
(Elementary level single equation or 2) MOLE CONCEPT (MOL)
SCQ
1. 5.6 L of a gaseous alkane at STP, one molecule of which contains 6 H-atoms, is allowed to burn in presence
of 80 g air (containing 20% oxygen gas by mass). The maximum mass of CO2 that can be produced is : [T]
(A) 22 g (B*) 12.57 g (C) None of these
STP ij ,d 5.6 L xSlh; ,Ydsu] ftldk 1 v.kq 6 H-ijek.kq ;qDr gS] dks 80 g ok;q (tks Hkkj ls 20% vkWDlhtu xSl j[krh
gS) dh mifLFkfr esa tyk;k tkrk gSA CO2 dk vf/kdre nzO;eku] tks mRikfnr gks ldrk gS] fuEu gS %
(A) 22 g (B*) 12.57 g (C) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. General formula of alkane = CnH2n + 2
If 1 molecule contains 6 H-atoms, then 2n + 2 = 6.
 n=2
 Alkane = C2H6
Combustion reaction is :
7
C2 H6 + O  2CO2 + 3H2O
2 2
20  80 
100
5.6
mole 22.4 32
= 0.25 = 0.5
mole 0.25 0.5
st. coeff . 1 7/2 = 71
(LR)
0 .5  2 2
 Moles of CO2 produced = =
7/2 7
2
 Mass of CO2 produced = × 44 = 12.57 g.
7
Sol. ,Ydsu dk lkekU; lw=k = CnH2n + 2
;fn 1 v.kq] 6 H-ijek.kq j[krk gS] rc 2n + 2 = 6.
 n=2
 ,Ydsu = C2H6
ngu vfHkfØ;k fuEu gS %
7
C2 H6 + O  2CO2 + 3H2O
2 2
20  80 
100
5.6
eksy 22.4 32
= 0.25 = 0.5
eksy
0.25 0.5
jllehd j.kferh
1 7/2 = 71
xq.kkad
(LR)
0 .5  2 2
 mRikfnr CO2 ds eksy = 7/2
=
7
2
 mRikfnr CO2 dk nzO;eku = 7
× 44 = 12.57 g.
2. Assuming 100% yield of the reaction, how many moles of NaHCO3 will produce 448 mL of CO2 gas at STP
according to the reaction : [E]

NaHCO3  Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O (unbalanced)
vfHkfØ;k dh yfC/k 100% ekurs gq,] fuEu vfHkfØ;k ds vuqlkj STP ij NaHCO3 ds fdrus eksy ls 448 mL CO2 xSl
mRikfnr gksxh %

NaHCO3  Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O (vlUrqfyr)
(1*) 0.04 (2) 0.4 (3) 4 (4) 40

Sol. 2NaHCO3  Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
448
Mole (eksy) 22400
2 × 0.02 = 0.02
= 0.04 mole
Chemistry\1. Mole Concept\Stochiometry, Equation,.....
3. 8.2 g of Ca(NO3)2 solid was taken in an open vessel and heated for some time, when it decomposed to
produce CaO(s), NO2(g) and O2(g). If there occurs a loss in mass by 0.54 g, then the percentage of original
Ca(NO3)2 decomposed is : [M]
,d [kqys ik=k esa 8.2 g Ca(NO3)2 Bksl dks rki }kjk fo?kfVr djus ij CaO(s) , NO2(g) rFkk O2(g) mRikn curs gSaA ;fn
bl iz;ksx esa ik=k ls 0.54 g nzO;eku de gks tkrk gS] rks Kkr dhft;s fd fy;s x;s Ca(NO3)2 dk fdruk izfr'kr Hkkj fo?kfVr
gqvk gksxk :
(1) 25 % (2) 20% (3*) 10% (4) 15%
Sol. 2Ca(NO3)2  2CaO + 4NO2 + O2
8. 2 1
= – –
164 20
1 y
–y 2y
20 2
y
2y × 46 + × 32 = 0.54
2
 108y = 0.54
54
y=
10800
1
y=
200
1
200
Percentage of original Ca(NO3)2 decomposed = 1 × 100 = 10%
20
1
200
okLrfod Ca(NO3)2 dk izfr'kr fo[k.Mu = 1 × 100 = 10%
20
4. Mn3O4, when heated with Al powder, gets reduced to produce Mn metal and Al2O3. If at least 612 g of Al2O3
and 825 g of Mn are to be produced, the minimum amount of Mn3O4 and Al required are respectively : [T]
Mn3O4 dks tc Al pw.kZ ds lkFk xeZ fd;k tkrk gS rks Mn /kkrq o Al2O3 esa vipf;r gks tkrk gSA ;fn de ls de 612 g Al2O3
o 825 g Mn mRikfnr gks rks Mn3O4 o Al ds fy, U;wure ek=kk Øe'k% fuEu vko';d gS % (MOL-I)
(A) 1030.5 g , 324 g (B*) 1145 g , 360 g (C) 1030.5 g , 406.5 g (D) 1145 g, 234 g
Sol. 3Mn3O4 + 8Al  9 Mn + 4Al2O3
612
Minimum moles of Al2O3 to be produced = = 6
102
825
& minimum moles of Mn to be produced = = 15
55
6 3
To produce 6 moles of Al2O3, moles required : nMn3O4 = = 4.5
4
86
nAl = = 12
4
15  3
To produce 15 moles of Mn , moles required : nMn3O4 = =5
9
15 x 8
nAl = = 13.33
9
 Minimum moles of reactant required :
nMn3O4 = 5 & nAl = 13.33
 mMn3O4 = 5 x 229 & mAl = 13.33 x 27

= 1145 g = 360 g
3Mn3O4 + 8Al  9 Mn + 4Al2O3
Sol. 3Mn3O4 + 8Al  9 Mn + 4Al2O3

612
Al2O3 ds U;wure mRikfnr eksy = = 6
102
825
o Mn ds U;wure mRikfnr eksy = = 15
55
6 3
6 eksy Al2O3 mRikfnr djus ds fy, vko';d eksy : nMn3O4 = = 4.5
4
86
nAl = = 12
4
15  3
15 eksy Mn mRikfnr djus ds fy, vko';d eksy : nMn3O4 = =5
9
15 x 8
nAl = = 13.33
9
 vfHkdkjd ds fy, vko';d U;wure eksy :
nMn3O4 = 5 & nAl = 13.33
 mMn3O4 = 5 x 229 & mAl = 13.33 x 27

= 1145 g = 360 g
3Mn3O4 + 8Al  9 Mn + 4Al2O3
5. When dinitrogen pentaoxide N2O5, a white solid, is heated, it decomposes into nitrogen dioxide and
oxygen according to the reaction : [M] (Mole Concept-1)

N2O5(s)  NO2(g) + O2(g)
If a sample of N2O5 produces 3.2 g O2, then the mass of NO2 formed alongwith is :
(A) 4.6 g (B) 9.2 g (C) 13.8 g (D*) 18.4 g
tc N2O5 MkbukbVªkstu isUVkvkWDlkbM ,d lQsn Bksl dks xeZ djrs gSa] rks ;g fuEufyf[kr vfHkfØ;k ds vuqlkj ukbVªkstu
MkbvkWDlkbM vkSj vkWDlhtu esa fo?kfVr gks tkrk gSA ;fn N2O5 ds uewus ls 3.2 g O2 dk mRiknu gksrk gS] rks vfHkfØ;k
esa fdrus xzke NO2 cusxh %

N2O5(s)  NO2(g) + O2(g)
 1
Sol. N2O5(s)  2NO2(g) + O2 (Balanced reaction)
2
Mole of O2 Mole of NO 2
=
1/ 2 2
3 .2
× 2 × 2 = Mole of NO2
32
 Moles of NO2 produced = 0.4
 Mass of NO2 produced = 0.4 × 46 = 18.4 g
 1
gy N2O5(s)  2NO2(s) + O2 (larqfyr vfHkfØ;k)
2
O2 d seksy NO2 d seks

y
=
1/ 2 2
3 .2
× 2 × 2 = NO2 ds eksy
32
 mRikfnr NO2 ds eksy = 0.4
 mRikfnr NO2 dk Hkkj = 0.4 × 46 = 18.4 g

6. 80 g of a mixture of H2 and Cl2 is made to react completely. The HCl hence formed is treated with excess
of NaOH. The final mixture after reaction is treated with excess of AgNO3 to give precipitate of AgCl. Find
number of moles of AgCl precipitate formed, if the mixture of H2 and Cl2 contain them in the molar ratio
9:2. [M] (MOL)
H2 o Cl2 ds 80 g dk ,d feJ.k iw.kZ :i ls fØ;k djrs gSA cuk;s x;s HCl dks NaOH ds vkf/kD; ds lkFk mipkfjr
fd;k tkrk gSA vfHkfØ;k ds i'pkr vfUre feJ.k] AgNO3 ds vkf/kD; ds lkFk mipkfjr gksdj AgCl dk vo{ksi nsrk gSA
cuk;s x;s vo{ksfir AgCl ds eksyksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft, ;fn feJ.k esa H2 o Cl2 dk eksyj vuqikr 9:2 esa gSA
(A) 1 (B*) 2 (C) 3 (D) 2.5
Sol. 9x  2 + 2x  71 = 80
9x + 71x = 40
80x = 40
1
x=
2
9
 nH2  , nCl2  1
2
H2 + Cl2  2HCl
9/2 1
 nHCl formed = 2 (as Cl2 is L.R.)
 cuk;s x;s nHCl  = 2 (Cl2 L.R. gSA)

HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Excess
+ AgNO3 (excess)
AgCl
 All Cl – from HCl is going into AgCl.  HCl ds lHkh Cl – dks AgCl esa cnyrs gSA
so n AgCl formed = 2. blfy;s cuk;s x;s n AgCl = 2.
7. A semiconductor YBa2Cu3O7 is prepared by a reaction involving Y2O3, BaO2 and Cu2O. The mole ratio in
which these compounds should combine, is [M]
,d v)Zpkyd YBa2Cu3O7 dks Y2O3, BaO2 rFkk Cu2O ls lEcfU/kr ,d vfHkfØ;k }kjk cuk;k tkrk gSA eksy vuqikr ftles]a
bu ;kSfxdksa dks la;ksftr fd;k tkrk gS] fuEu gS % (MOL)
(1) 1 : 2 : 4 (2*) 1 : 4 : 3 (3) 1 : 2 : 3 (4) 1 : 3 : 4
(5) 1 : 3 : 2
Sol. Y2O 3  4BaO 2  3Cu2O  2YBa 2 Cu3 O 7
Mole ratio  1 : 4 : 3.
eksy vuqikr  1 : 4 : 3.
8. If a mixture containing 3 moles of hydrogen and 1 mole of nitrogen is converted completely into ammonia, the
ratio of initial and final volume under the same temperature and pressure would be : [E]
;fn ,d feJ.k esa gkbMªkstu ds 3 eksy rFkk ukbVªkstu ds 1 eksy dks iw.kZ :i ls veksfu;k esa cny fn;k tkrk gS] rks leku
rki rFkk nkc ij izkjafHkd rFkk vfUre vk;ru dk vuqikr fuEu gksxk %
(A) 3 : 1 (B) 1 : 3 (C*) 2 : 1 (D) 1 : 2
Sol. Initial N2 + 3H2  2NH3
1 3
final – – 2
4 2
ratio =  .
2 1
gy % izkjfEHkd N2 + 3H2  2NH3
1 3
vfUre – – 2
4 2
vuqikr =  .
2 1
9. Consider the balanced reaction [Ref. SM Sir_March 2013][E]
2Cl2O7  4ClO2 + 3 O2 (Cl = 35.5)
What can be concluded from the coefficients of species in this balanced equation?
(A) For this reaction, exactly 2 g of Cl2O7 must be taken to start the reaction
(B) For this reaction, exactly 2 mol of Cl2O7 must be taken to start the reaction
(C) Mole ratio of Cl2O7 ClO2 and O2 during a chemical reaction at any instant (excluding any negative
sign) are 2, 4 and 3 respectively
(D*) The ratio of change in number of moles of Cl2O7 ClO2 and O2 is 2 : 4 : 3 (excluding any negative
sign)
larqfyr vfHkfØ;k dk voyksdu dhft;sA [Ref. SM Sir_2012]
2Cl2O7  4ClO2 + 3 O2 (Cl = 35.5)
bl vfHkfØ;k esa Lih'kht ds xq.kkadksa ls D;k fu"d"kZ Kkr gks ldrk gSA
(A) bl vfHkfØ;k esa] vfHkfØ;k dks izkjEHk djus ds fy, Cl2O7 dk 2 g ysuk vko';d gSA
(B) bl vfHkfØ;k esa] vfHkfØ;k dks izkjEHk djus ds fy, Cl2O7 dk 2 eksy ysuk vko';d gSA
(C) jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k ds nkSjku fdlh {k.k Cl2O7 ClO2 rFkk O2 dk eksy vuqikr Øe'k% 2, 4 rFkk 3 (_.kkRed fpUg
dks gVkdj) gksrk gSA
(D*) Cl2O7 ClO2 rFkk O2 ds fy, eksyksa dh la[;k esa ifjorZu dk vuqikr 2 : 4 : 3 (_.kkRed fpUg dks gVkdj) gksrk
gSA
Sol. It follows directly form definition of stoichiometry.
;g jllehdj.kferh dh ifjHkk"kk dk ikyu djrk gSA
10. A sample of H2SO4 is of 49% purity. [E]

What mass of this sample is required to react completely with 40g of pure NaOH sample
H2SO4 + 2NaOH  Na2SO4 + 2H2O
H2SO4 dk ,d izkn'kZ 49% 'kq) gSA

'kq) NaOH izkn'kZ ds 40g ds lkFk iw.kZ :i ls fØ;k ds fy, bl izkn'kZ dk nzO;eku D;k gS\
H2SO4 + 2NaOH  Na2SO4 + 2H2O
(A) 49 g (B*) 100 g (C) 50 g (D) 98 g (E) 80 g
Sol. H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O
x mole 1 mole
x 1
 =
1 2
1
mass of H2SO4 required (H2SO4 dk vko';d nzO;eku) = × 98 = 49 g.
2
If mass of H2SO4 sample taken is Y g (;fn H2SO4 izkn'kZ dk nzO;eku Y g gSA)
49
then rc × Y = 49 Y = 100 g
100
11. 1 g sample of alkaline earth metal react completely with 4.08 g H2SO4 and yield an ionic product MSO4.
Then find out the atomic mass of Alkaline earth metal (M) ? (M.C.I.(P)) [E]
,d {kkjh; e`nk /kkrq dk 1 g çkn'kZ 4.08 g H2SO4 ds lkFk iw.kZr% vfHkd`r gksrk gS rFkk ,d vk;fud mRikn MSO4 cukrk
gS rc {kkjh; e`nk /kkrq M dk ijek.kq nzO;eku crkb;sa \
(1) 9 (2*) 24 (3) 40 (4) 87
Sol. M + H2SO4  MSO4 + H2
mole of M Mole of H2SO 4
=
1 1
1 4.08
=
a 98
98
a= = 24.01
4.08
This is atomic weight of M (M dk ijek.kq nzO;eku) = 24.

Then find out the atomic mass of Alkaline earth metal (M) ? [M]
(1) 9 (2*) 24 (3) 40 (4) 87
=
1 1
1 4.08
=
a 98
98
a= = 24.01
4.08
13. A 5 g mixture of SO2 and O2 gases is reacted to form SO3 gas. What should be the mass ratio of SO2 and O2
gases in mixture to obtain maximum amount of SO3 gas : [M]
(A*) 4 : 1 (B) 3 : 2 (C) 2 : 3 (D) 1 : 4
Sol. For maximum amount of product, the reactants should be present in their stoichiometric ratio.
2SO2 (g) + O2 (g)  2SO3 (g)
mass x 5–x
x 5–x
mole
64 32
 x 
 
 64 
So, =2:1
5–x
 
 32 
Therefore, x = 4
mSO : mO = 4 : 1.
2 2
14. A major source of air pollution years ago was the metal industry. One common process involved “roasting” of
a metal sulphide in the air as shown : [M]
2PbS(s)+3O2(g)  2PbO(s)+2SO2(g)
If 2.5 moles of PbS are heated in air, what volume of air at NTP is required for complete reaction, if air
contains 20% O2 gas by moles :
(A) 16.8 L (B) 33.6 L (C) 840 L (D*) 420 L
dbZ o"kksZa iwoZ ok;q iznw"k.k dk ,d eq[; L=kksr /kkrq m|ksx FkkA ok;q esa ,d /kkrq lYQkbM ds fy, “HktZu” ls lEcfU/kr ,d lkekU;
izØe fuEu izdkj ls n'kkZ;k tkrk gS %
2PbS(s)+3O2(g)  2PbO(s)+2SO2(g)
;fn vki ok;q esa 2.5 eksy PbS dks xeZ djrs gSa] rks iw.kZ vfHkfØ;k ds fy, NTP ij ok;q dk D;k vk;ru vko';d gksrk gS]
;fn ok;q 20% O2 xSl ¼eksy dk½ j[krh gks %
(A) 16.8 L (B) 33.6 L (C) 840 L (D*) 420 L
Sol. 2PbS(s)  3O2 (g)  2PbO(s)  2SO2 (g)
2.5 mol
pbs o2

2 3
2.5  3
 O2
2
7.5
O2 
2
air  20%  O2

7.5 100
air  
2 20
7.5  100
Vair   22.4
2  20
= 420 L
15. One mole of ethane gas (C2H6) on complete combustion in Oxygen produces _______ moles of CO2 &
_____ moles of H2O : [E]
(A) 2 & 6 (B) 1 & 3 (C*) 2 & 3 (D) 1 & 2
,d eksy ,Fksu xSl (C2H6) vkWDlhtu esa iw.kZ ngu ij _______ eksy CO2 o _____ eksy H2O mRikfnr djrh gS :
(A) 2 o 6 (B) 1 o 3 (C*) 2 o 3 (D) 1 o 2
7
Sol. Balanced equation : C2H6 + O  2CO2 + 3H2O
2 2
So, one mole of ethane gas (C2H6) on complete combustion in Oxygen produces 2 moles of CO2 & 3 moles
of H2O.
7
larqfyr lehdj.k : C2H6 + O  2CO2 + 3H2O
2 2
blfy,] ,d eksy ,Fksu xSl (C2H6) vkWDlhtu esa iw.kZ ngu ij 2 eksy CO2 o 3 eksy H2O mRikfnr djrh gSA
16. When oxygen gas is passed through Siemen's ozoniser, it completely gets converted into ozone gas. The
volume of ozone gas produced at STP, if initally 96 g of oxygen gas was taken, is : [E]
tc lkbeu vkst+ksukblj esa ls vkWDlhtu xSl dks izokfgr fd;k tkrk gS] rks ;g iw.kZ :i ls vkst+ksu xSl esa ifjofrZr gks tkrh
gSA STP ij mRikfnr vkst+ksu xSl dk vk;ru D;k gksxk] ;fn izkjEHk esa 96 g vkWDlhtu xSl dks fy;k x;k gks %
(A*) 44.8 L (B) 89.6 L (C) 67.2 L (D) 22.4 L
Sol. 3O2  2O3
96
Mole = =3 mole = 2
32
 Volume of O3 gas at STP = 2 × 22.4 = 44.8 L
gy 3O2  2O3
96
eksy = 32
=3 eksy = 2
 STP ij O3 xSl dk vk;ru = 2 × 22.4 = 44.8 L
17. If the percentage yield of given reaction is 30%, how many total moles of the gases will be produced, if 8
moles of NaNO3 are taken initially : [M]

NaNO3 (s)  Na2O(s) + N2 (g) + O2(g) (unbalanced)
(A*) 4.2 mole (B) 2.4 mole (C) 4.8 mole (D) 2.1 mole
;fn uhps nh xbZ vfHkfØ;k dh izfr'kr yfC/k 30% gks] rks xSl ds dqy fdrus eksy mRikfnr gksaxs] ;fn 8 eksy NaNO3 izkjEHk
esa fy, tkrs gksa %

NaNO3 (s)  Na2O(s) + N2 (g) + O2(g) (vlUrqfyr)
(A*) 4.2 eksy (B) 2.4 eksy (C) 4.8 eksy (D) 2.1 eksy

Sol. 4NaNO3 (s)  2Na2O(s) + 2N2 (g) + 5O2(g)
Mole 8
30  87 
So, total gas moles produced = ×  4  = 4.2 mole
100  

gy 4NaNO3 (s)  2Na2O(s) + 2N2 (g) + 5O2(g)
eksy 8
30  87 
blfy,] xSl ds dqy mRikfnr eksy = 100
×  4  = 4.2
 
eksy

18. What mass of a hydrocarbon must be burnt completely to produce 13.2 g of CO2 and 7.2 g of H2O : [E]
(A) 12.4 g (B) 20.4 g (C*) 4.4 g
(D) Cannot be determined, since molecular formula of hydrocarbon is not given.
13.2 g CO2 o 7.2 g H2O dks cukus ds fy, ,d gkbMªksdkcZu ds fdrus nzO;eku dks iw.kZr;k tyk;k tkuk pkfg, %
(A) 12.4 g (B) 20.4 g (C*) 4.4 g
(D) Kkr ugha fd;k tk ldrk] pwafd gkbMªksdkcZu dk v.kqlw=k ugha fn;k x;k gSA
12
Sol. Mass of C in hydrocarbon = × 13.2 = 3.6 g
44
2
Mass of H in hydrocarbon = × 7.2 = 0.8 g
18
 Mass of hydrocarbon required = 3.6 + 0.8 = 4.4 g
12
gy gkbMªksdkcZu esa C dk nzO;eku = 44
× 13.2 = 3.6 g
2
gkbMªksdkcZu esa H dk nzO;eku = 18
× 7.2 = 0.8 g
 gkbMªksdkcZu dk vko';d nzO;eku = 3.6 + 0.8 = 4.4 g
19. In the balanced equation, [E]

HNO3 + HCl NO + Cl2
The stoichiometric coefficients of HNO3, HCl and Cl2 can be :
(A) 2, 6, 4 (B*) 2, 6, 3 (C) 1, 3, 2 (D) 2, 5, 3
larqfyr lehdj.k esa,
HNO3 + HCl NO + Cl2
HNO3, HCl rFkk Cl2 ds fy, jllehdj.kferh; xq.kkad fuEu gS :
(A) 2, 6, 4 (B*) 2, 6, 3 (C) 1, 3, 2 (D) 2, 5, 3
3
Sol. HNO3 + 3HCl NO + Cl + 2H2O
2 2
20. Molar ratio of A and B2 to be taken to form a product mixture of AB2 and AB4 in 1 : 2 molar ratio is respectively :
[SKC Sir 2011] [T]
(A*) 3 : 5 (B) 1 : 2 (C) 2 : 3 (D) 3 : 10
AB2rFkk AB4 ds feJ.k dks mRikn ds :i es 1 : 2 eksyj vuqikr esa izkIr djus ds fy, izkjEHk esa fy;s x;s A rFkk B2 dk
Øe'k% eksyj vuqikr crkb;s %
(A*) 3 : 5 (B) 1 : 2 (C) 2 : 3 (D) 3 : 10
Sol. A + B2  AB2 + AB4
a 2a
moles of A taken = a + 2a = 3a
moles of B2 taken = a + 4a = 5a
3a 3
molar ratio of A to B2 = =
5a 5
gy A + B2  AB2 + AB4
a 2a
A ds fy, x;s eksy = a + 2a = 3a
B2 ds fy, x;s eksy = a + 4a = 5a
3a 3
A rFkk B2 dk eksyj vuqikr = =
5a 5
21. When a certain amount of octane C8H18 is burnt completely, 7.04 gm CO2 is formed. What is the weight of
H2O formed simultaneously. [Ref. SJ Sir_2012] [M]
tc vkWDVsu C8H18 dh dqN ek=kk dks iw.kZ:i ls tykrs gSa] rc 7.04 gm CO2 curh gSA H2O dk fdruk Hkkj cusxk\
[Ref. SJ Sir_2012]
(A) 1.62 gm (B) 6.48 gm (C*) 3.24 gm (D) 2.28 gm

25
Sol. C8H18 + O2 8CO2 + 9H2O
2
7.04
= 0.16 mole
44
Mole of CO 2 Mole of H2O
=
8 9
0.16  9
= mole of H2O
8
W
0.18 =
18
W = 18 × 0.18 = 3.249 g
22. In the balanced equation [E]

a Ca(ClO3)2  b Ca(ClO4)2 + c CaCl2.
The ratio of a : b : c will be :
larqfyr lehdj.k esa]
a Ca(ClO3)2  b Ca(ClO4)2 + c CaCl2.
a : b : c dk vuqikr gksxk : [Ref. SA Mam_2012]
(A) 2 : 1 : 1 (B*) 4 : 3 : 1 (C) 1 : 3 : 4 (D) 1 : 1 : 2
23. In presence of gaseous, hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and oxygen, metallic silver is converted to silver sulphide
(Ag2S) according to balanced chemical equation [M]
4Ag (s) + 2H2S (g) + O2 (g)  2Ag2S + 2H2O ()
If 27 g of Ag is allowed to react with 2240 ml of H2S gas at STP and 6.023 × 1022 molecules of oxygen, then
total moles of products obtained are :
xSlh; gkbMªkstu lYQkbM (H2S) rFkk vkWDlhtu dh mifLFkfr esa /kkfRod flYoj nh x;h larqfyr jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k ds
vuqlkj flYoj lYQkbM (Ag2S) esa ifjofrZr gks tkrk gSA
4Ag (s) + 2H2S (g) + O2 (g)  2Ag2S + 2H2O ()
;fn Ag ds 27g dh fØ;k STP ij 2240 ml H2S xSl rFkk vkWDlhtu ds 6.023 × 1022 v.kqvksa ls gksrh gS] rc izkIr mRiknksa
ds dqy eksy fuEu gSa %
(A) 0.1 (B*) 0.2 (C) 0.15 (D) 0.25
27
Sol. nAg = = 0.25
108
2.24
nH2S = = 0.1
22.4
6.023  10 22
nO 2 = = 0.1
6.023  1023
mole 0.25 0.1 0.1
= = 0.0625 = 0.05 = 0.1
SC 4 2 1
24. Weight ratio of Fe to C in a pure sample of Fe2[Fe(CN)6] respectively is : [M]

Fe2[Fe(CN)6] ds ,d 'kq) izk n'kZ esa Fe o C dk Hkkj vuqi kr Øe'k% fuEu gS %
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 14 : 3 (D*) 7 : 3
Sol. wt. ratio (Hkkj vuqi kr)
 3 × 56 : 6 × 12
7:3
25. Igniting MnO2 in air converts it quantitatively to Mn3O4. Then [M]

(At.wt. , Mn = 55)
(A) 12.2% weight is gained by the product (B*) 12.2% weight lossed by the reactant
(C) 20% weight is gained by the product (D) no weight loss of reactant.

MnO2 dks ok;q esa tykus ij ;g ek=kkRed :i ls Mn3O4 esa ifjofrZr gks tkrk gS rks %
(At.wt. , Mn = 55)
(A) mRikn dk 12.2% Hkkj c<+rk gS (B*) vfHkdkjd ds 12.2% Hkkj esa deh gksrh gS
(C) mRikn dk 20% Hkkj c<+rk gS (D) vfHkdkjd ds Hkkj esa dksbZ deh ugha gksrh gS
Sol. MnO2  Mn3O4
a
a mole mol
3
a × 87 76.33a
a
a  (55  32)  (55  3  64 )
% loss in weight is = 3 × 100 = 12.2%.
a  (55  32)
gy- MnO2  Mn3O4
a
a eksy eksy
3
a × 87 76.33a
a
a  (55  32)  (55  3  64 )
Hkkj esa % deh = 3 × 100 = 12.2%.
a  (55  32)
26. Ammonia (NH3) gas combines with oxygen gas over Pt catalyst to produce Nitric oxide (NO) and water. If
27.2 g of NH3 gas is taken initially then : [E]
4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O
(A) Volume of oxygen gas required at NTP is 22.4 litre
(B) Volume of H2O() produced at 4° C (assuming density of water as 1000 Kg/m3) is 21.6 ml
(C) Total mass of products obtained is 45.6 g
(D*) Number of moles of NO produced is 1.6
Pt mRiszjd
dh mifLFkfr esa (NH3) veksfu;k xSl (O2) vkWDlhtu xSl ls fØ;k dj ukbZfVªd vkWDlkbM (NO) ,oa ty
mRikfnr djrh gSA ;fn vkjEHk esa 27.2 g NH3 xSl yh tk;s rkss
4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O
(A) NTP ij O2 xSl ds 22.4 litre vko';d gksxsaA
(B) 4°C ij ;fn ty dk ?kuRo 1000 Kg/m3 ekuk tk;s rkss H2O() dk 21.6 ml vk;ru mRiUu gksxk
(C) lHkh mRiknksa dk izkIr dqy Hkkj 45.6 g gksxkA
(D*) NO ds mRikfnr eksyksa dh la[;k 1.6 gksxhA
Sol. 4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O
27.2 5
Volume of oxygen required at NTP =   22.4 = 44.8 L
17 4
27.2 6
Mass of water produced =   18 = 43.2 g
17 4
 volume of H2O () = 43.2 ml
27 .2
moles of NO produced = = 1.6
17
 Total mass of products = mNO + mH2O = 48 + 43.2 = 91.2 g
Sol. 4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O
27.2 5
NTP ij O2 dk vko';d vk;ru =   22.4 = 44.8 L
17 4
27.2 6
ty dk mRikfnr Hkkj = 17
  18 = 43.2 g
4
 H2O () dk vk;ru = 43.2 ml

27.2
NO ds mRikfnr eksy = = 1.6
17
 NO dk mRikfnr Hkkj = 0.8  30 = 24 g
 mRiknksa dks dqy Hkkj = mNO + mH2O = 48 + 43.2 = 91.2 g
27. In presence of gaseous, hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and oxygen, metallic silver is converted to silver sulphide
(Ag2S) according to balanced chemical equation [E]
4Ag (s) + 2H2S (g) + O2 (g)  2Ag2S + 2H2O ()
If 27 g of Ag is allowed to react with 2240 ml of H2S gas at STP and 6.023 × 1022 molecules of oxygen, which
reactant will be the limiting reagent :
(A) Ag (B*) H2S (C) O2 (D) None of these
xSlh; gkbMªkstu lYQkbM (H2S) rFkk vkWDlhtu dh mifLFkfr esa /kkfRod flYoj nh x;h larqfyr jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k ds
vuqlkj flYoj lYQkbM (Ag2S) esa ifjofrZr gks tkrk gSA
4Ag (s) + 2H2S (g) + O2 (g)  2Ag2S + 2H2O ()
;fn Ag ds 27g dh fØ;k STP ij 2240 ml H2S xSl rFkk vkWDlhtu ds 6.023 × 1022 v.kqvksa ls gksrh gS] rks dkSulk
vfHkdkjd lhekUr vfHkdeZd gksxk :
(A) Ag (B*) H2S (C) O2 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
27
Sol. nAg = = 0.25
108
2.24
nH2S = = 0.1
22.4
6.023  10 22
nO 2 = = 0.1
6.023  1023
mole 0.25 0.1 0.1
= = 0.0625 = 0.05 = 0.1
SC 4 2 1
28. What molar ratio of Sn and Cl2 is required to form a product mixture of SnCl2 and SnCl4 in 1 : 2 molar ratio?
[M]
(A*) 3 : 5 (B) 1 : 2 (C) 2 : 3 (D) 1 : 1
SnCl2 rFkk SnCl4 ds feJ.k dks mRikn ds :i es 1 : 2 eksyj vuqikr esa izkIr djus ds fy, izkjEHk esa vko';d Sn rFkk
Cl2 ds eksyksa dk vuqikr D;k gksxk \
(A*) 3 : 5 (B) 1 : 2 (C) 2 : 3 (D) 1 : 1
Sol. Sn + Cl2  SnCl2 + SnCl4
a 2a
moles of Sn taken = a + 2a = 3a
moles of Cl2 taken = a + 4a = 5a
3a 3
molar ratio of Sn to Cl2 = =
5a 5
gy Sn + Cl2  SnCl2 + SnCl4
a 2a
Sn ds fy, x;s eksy = a + 2a = 3a
Cl2 ds fy, x;s eksy = a + 4a = 5a
3a 3
Sn rFkk Cl2 dk eksyj vuqikr = =
5a 5
–
29. In the reaction, 2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq)  2Al3+(aq) + 6Cl (aq) + 3H2(g). [T]
(A) 6L HCl(aq) is consumed for every 3 L H2(g) produced.
(B) 33.6 L H2(g) is produced regardless of temperature and pressure for every mole Al that reacts.
(C) 33.6 L H2(g) at STP is produced for every 54 gm Al that reacts.
(D*) 11.2 ml H2(g) at STP is produced by 100 ml of 0.01 M HCl(aq) consumed.

vfHkfØ;k, 2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq)  2Al3+(aq) + 6Cl–(aq) + 3H2(g) esa
(A) izR;sd 3 L H2(g) mRiknu ds fy, 6L HCl(aq) dk mi;ksx gksrk gSA
(B) rki o nkc dks /;ku esa u j[krs gq, Al ds izR;sd eksy tks fd fØ;k djrs gS og 33.6 L H2(g) mRikfnr djrs gSA
(C) izR;sd 54 gm Al dh fØ;k ls STP ij 33.6 L H2(g) dk mRiknu gksrk gSA
(D*) 0.01 M HCl (tyh;) ds 100 ml dk mi;ksx djds STP ij 11.2 ml H2(g) dk mRiknu gksrk gSA
–
Sol. Given that, 2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq)  2Al3+(aq) + 6Cl (aq) + 3H2(g)
For each mole of Al reacted, 1.5 mole of H2 is formed; and for each m. mole of HCl(aq) consumed, 0.5 m.mol
or 11.2 ml of H2 at STP formed.
gy- fn;k x;k gSa fd 2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq)  2Al3+(aq) + 6Cl–(aq) + 3H2(g)
çR;sd Al ds eksy dh fØ;k ls H2 ds 1.5 eksy curs gSa rFkk HCl ¼tyh;½ ds çR;sd 1 feyheksy [kpZ gksus ij H2 ds 0.5 feyheksy
vFkok STP ij 11.2 ml curs gSA
30. Calculate the weight of FeO produced from 6.7 g VO & 4.8 g Fe2O3
VO + Fe2O3  FeO +V2O5 (At. wt. of V = 51, At. wt. of Fe = 56) (XI P (Mole-1) [E]
6.7g VO rFkk 4.8 xzke Fe2O3 ls izkIr gksus okys FeO dk Hkkj Kkr dhft,A
VO + Fe2O3  FeO +V2O5 (At. wt. of V = 51, At. wt. of Fe = 56)
(A*) 4.32 (B) 7.755 (C) 2.585 (D) 0.0718
Sol. 2VO + 3Fe2O3  6FeO + V2O
6.7 4. 8
mole = 0.1 = 0.03
67 160
0.1 0.03
(Fe2O3 is L.R) (Fe2O3 L.R gS)
2 3
mole-mole analysis ¼eksy&eksy fo'ys"k.k ls½
4 .8 nFeO
160 = 6 (Here n = mole) (;gka n = eksy)
3
nFeO = 0.01 × 6
= 0.06
MassFeO (nzO;ekuFeO) = 0.06 × 72 = 4.32 g.
31. For the reaction 2P + Q  R, 8 mol of P and 5 mol of Q will produce [E]
(A) 8 mol of R (B) 5 mol of R (C*) 4 mol of R (D) 13 mol of R
2P + Q  R, vfHkfØ;k ds fy, P ds 8 eksy vkSj Q ds fy, 5 eksy fy, rks mRikn cusxk
(A) R ds 8 eksy (B) R ds 5 eksy (C*) R ds 4 eksy (D) R ds 13 eksy
Sol. 2P + Q  R
8 5
P is L.R. (P L.R. gSA)
So, R = 4 mole (eksy)
32. When mixture of 10 mole of SO2, 16 mole of O2 were passed over catalyst, 8 mole of SO3 were formed.
What is the ratio of unreacted O2 moles to that of unreacted SO2 moles ? [E]
tc SO2 ds 10 eksy O2 ds 16 eksy ds feJ.k dks mRizsjd ij ls izokfgr djrs gS rks SO3 ds 8 eksy curs gS rc vfØ;
O2 ds eksyksa vkSj vfØ; SO2 ds eksyksa dk vuqikr D;k gksxk ?
(A) 4 : 1 (B) 5 : 1 (C*) 6 : 1 (D) 8 : 1
1
Sol. SO2 + O SO3
2 2 
Moles 10 16 0
10 – 8 16 – 4 8
SO2 = 2 mole, O2 = 12 mole
Ratio = 12/2 = 6

1
gy. SO2 + O SO3
2 2 
eksy 10 16 0
10 – 8 16 – 4 8
SO2 = 2 eksy, O2 = 12 eksy
vuqikr = 12/2 = 6
33. A compound AB completely decomposes into A and B on heating. 50 g of AB, on strong heating, gave 20 g
of A. How much quantity of AB should be decomposed by heating to obtain 3 g of B ? [E]
,d ;kSfxd AB dks xeZ djus ij ;s iw.kZr% A vkSj B esa fo?kfVr gks tkrk gS] AB ds 50 g dks xeZ djus ij ;s A ds 20 g nsrk
gSA B ds 3 g izkIr djus ds fy, AB dh fdruh ek=kk dks fo?kfVr djuk iM+sxk \
(A) 7.5 g (B) 10 g (C*) 5 g (D) 12.5 g
Sol. AB  A + B
50 g
Mass remains conserve.
50 g of AB give 20 g of A so B will be formed 30 g
Hence for 30 g B , AB required = 50 g
50
for 1 g B , AB required = g
30
50
for 3 g B, AB required = ×3=5g
30
gy. AB  A + B
50 g
æO;eku lajf{kr jgrk gSA
50 g AB, 20 g A nsrk gS] blfy, B 30 g cusxkA
vr% 30 g B ds fy,] vko';d AB = 50 g
50
1 g B ds fy,] vko';d AB = g
30
50
3 g B ds fy,] vko';d AB = ×3=5g
30
34. Br2 () + Cl2 (g)  2BrCl (g) [M]

excess
25 ml of Br2() react completely with Cl2 (g) and forms BrCl (g). How much volume of BrCl (g) will form at STP.
Density of Br2 () is 3200 Kg /m3.
Br2 () + Cl2 (g)  2BrCl (g)

vkf/kD;
Br2() ds 25 ml Cl2 (g) ds lkFk iw.kZr% fØ;k dj BrCl (g) cukrs gSa rks STP ij BrCl (g) dk fdruk vk;ru cusxkA
;fn Br2 () dk ?kuRo 3200 Kg /m3 gSA
(A) 11.2 litre (B*) 22.4 litre (C) 50 ml (D) 25 ml
Sol. weight of Br2 () = 25 ml  3.2 g/ml = 80 gm
1
mole of Br2 =
2
mole of BrCl form = 1
Volume of BrCl at STP = 22.4 litre
Br2 () dk nzO;eku = 25 ml  3.2 g/ml = 80 gm
1
Br2 ds eksy = BrCl ds cus eksy = 1 STP ij BrCl dk vk;ru = 22.4 litre
2

35. When 8.3 g copper sulphate (CuSO4.5H2O = 249 g/mol) reacts with excess of potassium iodide then the
amount of iodine liberated is : (MOL2) [T]
tc ikSVsf'k;e vk;ksMkbM ds lkFk 8.3 g dkWij lYQsV (CuSO4.5H2O = 249 g/mol) dh fØ;k djk;h tkrh gS rks eqDr
gq, vk;ksMhu dh ek=kk fuEu gS:
(1) 42.3 g (2) 24.3 g (3*) 4.23 g (4) 2.43 g (5) 45.8 g
Sol. Copper sulphate and potassium iodide react as follows :
2CuSO4 . 5H2O + 4K  2Cu22 + 2K2SO4 + 2 + 10H2O
Mass of copper sulphate used = 2(63 + 32 + 64 + 5 × 18) = 498 g
Mass of 2 librated = 2 × 127 = 254 g
 498 g of CuSO4 librate 2 = 254
254
 8.3 g of CuSO4 librate 2 =  8.3 = 4.23 g
498
gy- dkWij lYQsV rFkk ikSVsf'k;e vk;ksMkbM fuEu izdkj ls fØ;k djrh gSA
2CuSO4 . 5H2O + 4K  2Cu22 + 2K2SO4 + 2 + 10H2O
iz;qDr dkWij lYQsV dk nzO;eku = 2(63 + 32 + 64 + 5 × 18) = 498 g
eqDr gq, 2 dk nzO;eku = 2 × 127 = 254 g
 498 g CuSO4 ls eqDr 2 = 254
254
 8.3 g CuSO4 ls eqDr 2 =  8.3 = 4.23 g
498
36. 84 g of Iron (Fe) is reacted with sufficient amount of steam to produced 44.8 lt, H2 gas at S.T.P. according, the
following reaction, a Fe + b H2O  c Fe3O4 + dH2 . The stoichiometric coefficients of the reaction is (At.
wt., Fe = 56, O = 16, H = 1) (MOL)
(1) 4, 3, 1, 4 (2*) 3, 4, 1, 4 (3) 1, 4, 2, 3 (4) none of these
fuEu nh xbZ vfHkfØ;k ds vuqlkj STP ij 44.8 lt, H2 xSl mRikfnr djus ds fy, vk;ju (Fe) ds 84 g dh fØ;k i;kZIr
ek=kk esa Hkki ds lkFk djkrs gS, a Fe + b H2O  c Fe3O4 + dH2 . vfHkfØ;k dk jllehdj.kferh; xq.kkad gksxk &
(ijek.kq Hkkj Fe = 56, O = 16, H = 1)
(1) 4, 3, 1, 4 (2*) 3, 4, 1, 4 (3) 1, 4, 2, 3 (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
37. Consider the balanced reaction [Ref. SM Sir_2012] [M]

Br2 + 3 Cl2  2BrCl3 (Br = 80, Cl = 35.5)
What can be concluded from the coefficients of species in this balanced equation?
(A) For this reaction 1 g of Br2 must be mixed with exactly 3 g of Cl2
(B) For this reaction 1 mole of Br2 must be mixed with exactly 3 mole of Cl2
(C) Mole ratio of Br2, Cl2 and BrCl3 is 1 : 3 : 2 during a chemical reaction at any instant (excluding any
negative sign)
(D*) The ratio of change in number of moles of Br2, Cl2 and BrCl3 is 1 : 3 : 2 (excluding any negative
sign)
larqfyr vfHkfØ;k dk voyksdu dhft;sA [Ref. SM Sir_2012]
Br2 + 3 Cl2  2BrCl3 (Br = 80, Cl = 35.5)
bl vfHkfØ;k esa Lih'khtksa ds xq.kkadksa ls D;k fu"d"kZ fudy ldrk gS\
(A) bl vfHkfØ;k ds fy, 1 g Br2, 3 g Cl2 ds lkFk fefJr gksuk pkfg,A
(B) bl vfHkfØ;k ds fy, 1 eksy Br2, 3 eksy Cl2 ds flkFk fefJr gksuk pkfg,A
(C) fdlh {k.k ij jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k ds nkSjku Br2, Cl2 o BrCl3 ds eksy vuqikr 1 : 3 : 2 (_.kkRed fpUg dks gVkdj)
gksuk pkfg,A
(D*) Br2, Cl2 o BrCl3 ds fy, eksyksa dh la[;k esa ifjorZu dk vuqikr 1 : 3 : 2 (_.kkRed fpUg dks gVkdj) gksuk pkfg,
Sol. It follows directly form definition of stoichiometry.
;g jllehdj.kferh dh ifjHkk"kk dk ikyu djrk gSA
38. Sulphur trioxide is prepared by the following two reactions [M]
lYQj VªkbZ vkWDlkbM fuEu nks vfHkfØ;kvksa ls curk gSA (2 marks 2 min.)
S8(s) + 8O2(g)  8SO2(g)
2SO2 (g) + O2(g)  2SO3(g)
How many moles of O2 are required to produce 8 mol of SO3 from S8 :
S8 ls SO3 ds 8 eksy cukus ds fy, fdrus eksy O2 dh vko';drk gksxh %
(A) 8 (B) 4 (C) 16 (D*) 12

MCQ
1. 1 mole of an organic compound containing C, H and O on complete combustion produces 134.4 L of CO2 gas
at STP and 108 g H2O. Then, the molecular formula of organic compound could be : [M]
,d dkcZfud ;kSfxd dk 1 eksy] tks C, H rFkk O j[krk gS] iw.kZ :i ls ngu ij STP ij 134.4 L CO2 o 108 g H2O mRikfnr
djrk gSA rc dkcZfud ;kSfxd dk v.kqlw=k fuEu gks ldrk gS %
(A) C6H6O6 (B*) C6H12O6 (C) C6H6O (D*) C6H12O
 y z y
  2 2
134 .4 108
1 mole
22 .4 18
= 6 mole = 6 mole
From stoichiometry, x = 6 and y = 12
So, formula of organic compound = C6H12Oz.
However, the value of z cannot be predicted. So, possible formulae are C6H12O6 and C6H12O.
 y z y
  2 2
134 .4 108
1 eksy
22 .4 18
= 6 eksy = 6 eksy
jllehdj.kferh ls, x = 6 rFkk y = 12
blfy,] dkcZfud ;kSfxd dk lw=k = C6H12Oz.
;|fi] z dk eku ugha crk;k tk ldrk gS] blfy, lEHkkfor lw=k C6H12O6 rFkk C6H12O gSaA
2. Ammonia (NH3) gas combines with oxygen gas over Pt catalyst to produce Nitric oxide (NO) and water. If
13.6 g of NH3 gas is taken initially, then : [T] (Mole Concept-1)
(A*) Volume of oxygen gas required at NTP is 22.4 L
(B*) Volume of H2O() produced at 4° C (assuming density of water as 1000 Kg/m3) is 21.6 mL.
(C*) Total mass of products obtained is 45.6 g.
(D*) Number of moles of NO produced is 0.8.
Pt mRiszjd dh mifLFkfr esa veksfu;k xSl (NH3) vkWDlhtu xSl (O2) ls fØ;k dj ukbfVªd vkWDlkbM (NO) ,oa ty mRikfnr
djrh gSA ;fn izkjEHk esa 13.6 g NH3 xSl yh tk;s] rkss %
(A*) NTP ij vkWDlhtu xSl ds 22.4 L vk;ru dh vko';drk gksxhA
(B*) 4°C rki ij mRikn H2O() dk vk;ru 21.6 mL gSA ¼ty dk ?kuRo 1000 Kg/m3 ekudj½
(C*) izkIr mRiknksa dk dqy Hkkj 45.6 g gSA
(D*) NO ds mRikfnr eksyksa dh la[;k 0.8 gSA
Sol. 4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O
13.6 5
Volume of oxygen required at NTP =   22.4 = 22.4 L
17 4
13.6 6
Mass of water produced =   18 = 21.6 g
17 4
 volume of H2O () = 21.6 mL ( dH O = 1000 Kg/m3 = 1 g/mL)
2
13.6 4
moles of NO produced = = = 0.8
17 5
 Mass of NO produced = 0.8  30 = 24 g
 Total mass of products = mNO + mH2O = 24 + 21.6 = 45.6 g
Sol. 4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O

13.6 5
NTP ij O2 dk vko';d vk;ru =   22.4 = 22.4 L
17 4
13.6 6
ty dk mRikfnr Hkkj =   18 = 21.6 g
17 4
 H2O () dk vk;ru = 21.6 mL ( dH O = 1000 Kg/m3 = 1 g/mL)
2

13.6 4
NO ds mRikfnr eksy = = = 0.8
17 5
 NO dk mRikfnr Hkkj = 0.8  30 = 24 g
 mRiknksa dk dqy Hkkj = mNO + mH2O = 24 + 21.6 = 45.6 g
3. Which of the following statements is/are INCORRECT : [M]

(A*) Vapour density of a gaseous hydrocarbon is its density relative to density of H2O liquid under same T
and P conditions.
(B*) Equal moles of S2, S4, S6 and S8 contain equal number of S-atoms.
(C) A 1 : 1 molar ratio mixture of Li2CO3 and BaCO3 produces 1 mole of CO2 per mole of the initial mixture
upon strong heating.
(D) A sample containing 4.2 g each of CaCO3 and MgCO3 upon strong heating leaves a residue, which
requires 0.184 moles of HCl for complete reaction.
Sol. (A) Vapour density of a gaseous hydrocarbon is its density relative to density of H2 gas under same T and P
conditions.
(B) Equal moles of S2, S4, S6 and S8 contain number of S-atoms in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3 : 4.

(C) Li2CO3  Li2O + CO2
0.5 mole 0.5 mole

BaCO3  BaO + CO2
0.5 mole 0.5 mole
So, total moles of CO2 produced = 0.5 + 0.5 = 1 mole.

(D) CaCO3  CaO + CO2
4 .2
0.042mole
100
=0.042mole

MgCO3  MgO + CO2
4.2
0.05mole
84
=0.05mole
CaO + 2HCl  CaCl2 + H2O

0.042mole 0.042×2
= 0.084 mole
MgO + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2O

0.05mole 0.05×2
= 0.1 mole
So, total moles of HCl used up = 0.084 + 0.1 = 0.184 mole.
4. A mixture of 100 mL of CO, CO2 and O2 was sparked. When the resulting gaseous mixture was passed
through KOH solution, contraction in volume was found to be 80 mL, the composition of initial mixture may
be (in the same order) : [Book_N.Avasthi & V.K. Jaiswal_2008_1.207] [E]
CO, CO2 o O2 ds 100 mL feJ.k dks LikdZ fd;k x;kA tc ifj.kkeh xSlh; feJ.k dks KOH foy;u esa ls izokfgr fd;k
x;k rks vk;ru esa ladqpu 80 mL Kkr gqvkA izkjfEHkd feJ.k dk laxBu (leku Øe esa ) fuEu gksuk pkfg,A
[Book_N.Avasthi & V.K. Jaiswal_2008_1.207]
(A*) 30 mL, 60 mL, 10 mL (B*) 30 mL, 50 mL, 20 mL
(C) 50 mL, 30 mL, 20 mL (D) 20 mL, 70 mL, 10 mL
5. Fluorapatite, Ca5(PO4)3F, on treatment with conc. H2SO4 can produce : [SM Sir] [E]
¶yksjks,isVkbV] Ca5(PO4)3F lkUnz H2SO4 ds lkFk mipkfjr djus ij fuEu dks mRikfnr dj ldrs gSa %
(A*) HF (B*) Ca(H2PO4)2 (C*) CaHPO4 (D*) H3PO4
6. A gaseous mixture of SO2 and O2 has mean molar mass of 40. Which of the following is/are true for 112 L of
this mixture at STP : [M]
(A*) Moles of SO2 in the mixture is = 1.25
(B*) Moles of O2 in the mixture is = 3.75
(C*) Volume of 0.1M aq. solution of NaOH required for complete neautralisation of this mixture is = 25 L
(D) Mole of Na2SO3 form is = 2.5
SO2 rFkk O2 ds ,d xSlh; feJ.k dk vkSlr eksyj nzO;eku 40 gSA STP ij bl xSlh; feJ.k ds 112 L ds fy, fuEu esa
ls dkSulk ;k dkSuls dFku lgh gSa %
(A*) feJ.k esas SO2 ds eksy = 1.25
(B*) feJ.k esa O2 ds eksy = 3.75
(C*) xSlh; feJ.k ds iw.kZ mnklhuhdj.k ds fy, 0.1M tyh; NaOH foy;u dk vko';d vk;ru = 25 L gS
(D) Na2SO3 ds izkIr eksy = 2.5
112
Sol. Moles of SO2 + moles of O2 = = nSO2 + nO 2
22.4
[n SO 2  64]  [nO 2  32]
Mean molar mass = 44 = n SO 2  nO 2
On solving – nSO2 = 1.25, nO 2 = 3.75

SO2 + 2NaOH Na2SO3 + H2O
moles of NaOH required = 2.5
so volume of NaOH required = 25 L.
112
SO2 ds eksy + O2 ds eksy = = nSO2 + nO 2
22.4
[n SO 2  64]  [nO 2  32]
vkSlr eksyj nzO;eku = 44 = n SO 2  nO 2
gy djus ij – nSO2 = 1.25, nO 2 = 3.75

SO2 + 2NaOH Na2SO3 + H2O
vko';d NaOH ds eksy = 2.5
vr% vko';d NaOH dk vk;ru = 25 L.
7. Identify the correct options for the following reaction [M]

A + B  AnBm
(A*) n mol A react with m mol B
 1  1
(B*)   mol A react with   mol B
m
  n
n
(C) If m mol A is limiting then   mol AnBm is formed
m
(D*) (n + m) mol mixture of A & B can produce maximum of 1 mol of AnBm [Ref. AIS Sir]
fuEu vfHkfØ;k ls lEcfU/kr lgh fodYiksa dk p;u dhft,A

A + B  AnBm
(A*) A ds n eksy B ds m eksy ls vfHkfØ;k djrs gSaA
 1  1
(B*) A ds   eksy B ds  n  eksy ls vfHkfØ;k djrs gSaA
m  
n
(C) ;fn A ds m eksy lhekar gSa rc AnBm ds  m  eksy mRikfnr gksxsaA
 
(D*) A rFkk B dk (n + m) eksy feJ.k vf/kdre 1 eksy AnBm mRikfnr dj ldrk gSA
Sol. nA + mB  AnBm
mol A mol B mol A nBm

= =
n m 1

A/R
1. Statement-1 : Combustion of 16 g of methane gives 18 g of water. [E]
Statement-2 : In the combustion of methane, water is one of the products.
(1) Statement -1 is True, Statement -2 is True ; Statement -2 is a correct explanation for Statement -1
(2) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(3) Statement -1 is True, Statement -2 is False
(4*) Statement -1 is False, Statement -2 is True
oDrO;-1 : 16 g esFksu dk ngu 18 g ty nsrk gSA
oDrO;-2 : esFksu ds ngu esa] ty ,d mRikn gSA
(1) oDrO;-1 lR; gS] oDrO;-2 lR; gS ; oDrO;-2, oDrO;-1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k gSA
(2) oDrO;-1 lR; gS] oDrO;-2 lR; gS ; oDrO;-2, oDrO;-1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k ugha gSA
(3) oDrO;-1 lR; gS] oDrO;-2 vlR; gSA
(4*) oDrO;-1 vlR; gS] oDrO;-2 lR; gSA [Change by AR Sir]
2. Statement-1 : For some common elements like Chlorine and Copper, the atomic weight has a fractional
value. [E]
Statement-2 : For Chlorine and Copper, due to existence of various isotopes, the atomic weight is the
average of atomic weight of various isotopes corresponding to their relative abundances.
(A*) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False.
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True.
dFku-1 : Dyksjhu o dkWij tSls dqN lkekU; rRoksa ds fy, ijek.oh; nzO;eku] fHkUukad eku j[krk gSA
dFku-2 : fofHkUu leLFkkfudksa ds mifLFkr gksus ds dkj.k Dyksjhu o dkWij ds fy,] ijek.oh; nzO;eku dks vkisf{kd ckgqY;rk
ds laxr] fofHkUu leLFkkfudksa ds vkSlr ijek.oh; nzO;eku ds :i esa fy;k tkrk gSA
(A*) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k gSA
(B) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k ugha gSA
(C) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 vlR; gSaA
(D) dFku&1 vlR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gSaA
Sol. It is a fact to be remembered. (;g ;kn j[kus ;ksX; rF; gSA)
3. Statement-1 : Equal volumes of both CO2 gas and N2O gas at STP contain the same total number of atoms.
Statement-2 : Both CO2 and N2O gases have same atomicity. [E]
(A*) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True.
dFku-1 : STP ij CO2 xSl o N2O xSl nksuksa dk leku vk;ru] ijek.kqvksa dh dqy la[;k leku j[krk gSA
dFku-2 : CO2 o N2O xSlsa] nksuksa leku ijek.oh;rk j[krh gSaA
(A*) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k gSA
(D) dFku&1 vlR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gSaA
Sol. Equal volume at STP means equal number of gas moles means equal number of molecules.
Now, if atomicity of both gases is same, then total number of atoms will also be same.
Sol. STP ij leku vk;ru vFkkZr~ leku eksy dh la[;k vFkkZr~ leku v.kqvksa dh la[;k gSA
vc ;fn ijek.oh;rk nksuksa xSlksa dh leku gks] rks ijek.kqvksa dh dqy la[;k Hkh leku gksxhA
4. Statement-1 : An equimolar mixture of N2, NO2 and N2O4 gases is at temperature T1 in a closed vessel and
has average molecular mass M1. Upon heating this mixture to temperature T2, whole of N2O4 decomposes
producing NO2 and then, the average molecular mass is found to be M2. Then, M1 < M2. [M]
Statement-2 : Upon heating an equimolar mixture of N2, NO2 and N2O4 gases in a closed vessel to a
temperature at which whole of N2O4 decomposes into NO2 gas in a closed vessel, total mass of mixture
remains conserved but total number of gaseous moles increases.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(D*) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True.
dFku-1 : N2, NO2 o N2O4 xSlksa dk ,d leeksyj feJ.k cUn ik=k esa rki T1 ij gS o mldk vkSlr vkf.od nzO;eku M1
gSA bldks rki T2 rd xeZ djus ij lHkh N2O4 fo[kf.Mr gksdj NO2 mRikfnr djrk gS rFkk rc] vkSlr v.kqHkkj M2 Kkr
gksrk gS rc M1 < M2 gksrk gSA
dFku-2 : ,d cUn ik=k esa N2, NO2 o N2O4 xSlksa ds leeksyj feJ.k dks ml rkieku ij xeZ djus ij] ftl ij N2O4,
NO2 xSl esa ¼cUn ik=k esa½ fo[kf.Mr gks tkrk gS] feJ.k dk dqy nzO;eku lajf{kr jgrk gS] ysfdu xSlh; eksyksa dh dqy la[;k
esa o`f) gksrh gSA
(A) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k gSA
(D*) dFku&1 vlR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gSaA
mmix
Sol. Mmix. = n
mix
So, upon decomposition, as nmix. increases (N2O4  2NO2), Mmix decreases for constant mass of mixture.
(blfy, fo[k.Mu ij nfeJ.k c<+us ds lkFk (N2O4  2NO2), feJ.k ds fu;r nzO;eku ds fy, MfeJ.k esa deh vkrh gSA)
 M1 > M2
MTC
1. Match the following :
List – I List – II [M] (Mole Concept-1)
For 1 mole of reactant placed in open container in each reaction
P 2NH3(g) 
 N2(g) + 3H2(g) 1 The ratio of molecules of gaseous products is 1 :1
Q PCl5 (g) 
 PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2 11.2 litre gaseous product at STP
R 2HBr (g) 
 H2 (g) + Br2 () 3 mass of one of the product is 3 g
S NH4COONH2 (s) 
 2NH3(g) + CO2(g) 4 67.2 litre gaseous product at STP
fuEu dks lqesfyr djks %
lwph– I lwph– II
izR;sd vfHkfØ;k ds fy, [kqys ik=k esa 1 eksy vfHkdeZd j[kk x;k gSA
P 2NH3(g)   N2(g) + 3H2(g) 1 xSlh; mRikn esa v.kqvksa dk vuqikr 1 :1 gSA
Q PCl5 (g) 
 PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2 STP ij 11.2 yhVj xSlh; mRikn
R 2HBr (g) 
 H2 (g) + Br2 () 3 fdlh ,d mRikn dk Hkkj 3 g gSA
S NH4COONH2 (s) 
 2NH3(g) + CO2(g) 4 STP ij 67.2 yhVj xSlh; mRikn
Code :
¼dksM½ %
P Q R S
(A*) 3 1 2 4
(B) 2 4 1 3
(C) 4 3 1 2
(D) 3 2 4 1
2. Match the reactions in column-I with product characteristics in column-II, taking 1 mole of reactant in each
case initially and assuming 100% completion of reactions : [T]
Column-I Column-II
(Reactions) (Product characteristics)

(A) 2KMnO4(s)  K2MnO4(s) + MnO2(s) + O2(g) (p) Total volume of gaseous products at STP is
greater than 22.4 L.

(B) 4KNO3(s)  2K2O(s) + 2N2(g) + 5O2 (g) (q) Total mass of products obtained is greater
than 100 g.

(C) 2KClO3(s)  2KCl(s) + 3O2(g) (r) Total one mole of solid product is obtained.

(D) 2Pb(NO3)2(s)  2PbO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g) (s) Mass of O2 gas produced is 16 g.

dkWye-I esa vfHkfØ;kvksa dks dkWye-II esa mRikn vfHky{k.k ds lkFk lqesfyr dhft, % ¼izkjEHk esa izR;sd vfHkdkjd dk 1 eksy ysrs
gq, rFkk vfHkfØ;kvksa dks 100% iw.kZ ekurs gq,A½
dkWye-I dkWye-II
(vfHkfØ;k) (mRikn vfHky{k.k)

(A) 2KMnO4(s)  K2MnO4(s) + MnO2(s) + O2(g) (p) STP ij xSlh; mRiknksa dk dqy vk;ru]
22.4 L ls vf/kd gSA

(B) 4KNO3(s)  2K2O(s) + 2N2(g) + 5O2 (g) (q) izkIr mRiknksa dk dqy nzO;eku] 100 g ls vf/kd gSA

(C) 2KClO3(s)  2KCl(s) + 3O2(g) (r) Bksl mRikn dk dqy 1 eksy izkIr gksrk gSA

(D) 2Pb(NO3)2(s)  2PbO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g) (s) O2 xSl dk nzO;eku 16 g curk gSA
Ans. (A– q, r, s); (B – p, q) ; (C – p, q, r); (D – p, q, r, s)


Sol. (A) 2KMnO4(s)  K2MnO4(s) + MnO2(s) + O2(g)
1
From 1 mole of KMnO4, mole of O2 gas is produced.
2
1
 Total volume of gaseous products at STP = × 22.4 = 11.2 L (< 22.4 L)
2
Total mass of products obtained = Total mass of reactants ( Law of conservation of mass)
= Mass of 1 mole KMnO4
= 1 × 158 = 158 g (> 100 g)
1
From 1 mole KMnO4, mole each of K2MnO4(s) and MnO2(s) are produced.
2
So, total moles of solid product = 0.5 + 0.5 = 1
1
Mass of O2 gas produced = × 32 = 16 g.
2

(B) 4KNO3(s)  2K2O(s) + 2N2(g) + 5O2 (g)
1 5
From 1 mole of KNO3, mole of N2 gas and moles of O2 gas are produced.
2 4
7
 Total volume of gaseous products at STP = × 22.4 = 39.2 L (> 22.4 L)
4
= Mass of 1 mole KNO3
= 1 × 101 = 101 g (> 100 g)
1
From 1 mole KNO3, mole of K2O(s) is produced.
2
So, total moles of solid product = 0.5
5
4

(C) 2KClO3(s)  2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)
3
From 1 mole of KClO3, mole of O2 gas is produced.
2
3
 Total volume of gaseous products at STP = × 22.4 = 33.6 L (> 22.4 L)
2
= Mass of 1 mole KClO3
= 1 × 122.5 = 122.5 g (> 100 g)
From 1 mole KClO3, 1 mole of KCl(s) is produced.
So, total moles of solid product = 1
3
2


(D) 2Pb(NO3)2(s)  2PbO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)
1
From 1 mole of Pb(NO3)2, mole of O2 gas and 2 moles of NO2 gas are produced.
2
5
 Total volume of gaseous products at STP = × 22.4 = 56 L (> 22.4 L)
2
= Mass of 1 mole Pb(NO3)2
= 1 × 331 = 331 g (> 100 g)
From 1 mole Pb(NO3)2, 1 mole of PbO(s) is produced.
So, total moles of solid product = 1
1
2

Sol. (A) 2KMnO4(s)  K2MnO4(s) + MnO2(s) + O2(g)
1
1 eksy KMnO4 ls, eksy O2 xSl mRikfnr gksrh gSA
2
1
 STP ij xSlh; mRiknksa dk dqy vk;ru = × 22.4 = 11.2 L (< 22.4 L)
2
izkIr mRikn dk dqy nzO;eku = vfHkdkjd dk dqy nzO;eku ( nzO;eku laj{k.k dk fu;e)
= 1 eksy KMnO4 dk nzO;eku
= 1 × 158 = 158 g (> 100 g)
1
1 eksy KMnO4 ls, K2MnO4(s) rFkk MnO2(s) izR;sd ds eksy mRikfnr gksrs gSA
2
blfy,] Bksl mRikn ds dqy eksy = 0.5 + 0.5 = 1
1
mRikfnr O2 xSl dk nzO;eku = 2
× 32 = 16 g.

(B) 4KNO3(s)  2K2O(s) + 2N2(g) + 5O2 (g)
1 5
1 eksy KNO3 ls, eksy N2 xSl rFkk eksy O2 xSl mRikfnr gksrs gSaA
2 4
7
 STP ij xSlh; mRiknksa dk dqy vk;ru = × 22.4 = 39.2 L (> 22.4 L)
4
= 1 eksy KNO3 dk nzO;eku
= 1 × 101 = 101 g (> 100 g)
1
1 eksy KNO3 ls, eksy K2O(s) mRikfnr gksrk gSA
2
blfy,] Bksl mRikn ds dqy eksy = 0.5
5
× 32 = 40 g.

(C) 2KClO3(s)  2KCl(s) + 3O2(g)
3
1 eksy KClO3 ls, eksy O2 xSl mRikfnr gksrh gSA
2
3
 STP ij xSlh; mRiknksa dk dqy vk;ru = × 22.4 = 33.6 L (> 22.4 L)
2
= 1 eksy KClO3 dk nzO;eku
= 1 × 122.5 = 122.5 g (> 100 g)
1 eksy KClO3 ls, 1 eksy KCl(s) mRikfnr gksrk gSA
blfy,] Bksl mRikn ds dqy eksy = 1
3
× 32 = 48 g.

(D) 2Pb(NO3)2(s)  2PbO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)

1
1 eksy Pb(NO3)2 ls, eksy O2 xSl rFkk 2 eksy NO2 xSl mRikfnr gksrs gSaA
2
5
 STP ij xSlh; mRiknksa dk dqy vk;ru = × 22.4 = 56 L (> 22.4 L)
2
= 1 eksy Pb(NO3)2 dk nzO;eku
= 1 × 331 = 331 g (> 100 g)
1 eksy Pb(NO3)2 ls, 1 eksy PbO(s) mRikfnr gksrk gSA
blfy,] Bksl mRikn ds dqy eksy = 1
1
× 32 = 16 g.
3. Match the following : [T]

Column - I Column - II
For 1 mole of reactant placed in (Characteristics of products)
open container in each reaction

(A) 2NH3(g)  N2(g) + 3H2(g) (p) 2NA molecules of products

(B) PCl5 (g)  PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) (q) 22.4 litre gaseous product at STP

(C) 2H (g)  H2 (g) + 2 (g) (r) Density of only one of the product gases at NTP is
less than 1 g/L.

(D) NH4COONH2 (s)  2NH3(g) + CO2(g) (s) Both the product gases have their respective masses
less than 130 g.
(t) Among the products, the lighter gas has the
greater number of moles than heavier gas.
Ans. (A) - p,r,s,t ; (B) - p; (C) - q,r,s ; (D) - r, s, t
Sol. (A) 2NH3(g) 

 N2(g) + 3H2(g)
1 3
1 mole mole mole
2 2
Total gaseous product = 2 mole  22.4 × 2 = 44.8 L at STP
Total number of molecules produced = 2 × NA = 2 NA
28
dN2 = = 1.25 g/L
22.4
2
dH2 = = 0.0893 g/L
22.4
Density of only one of the product gases at NTP is less than 1 g/L.
1 3
mN2 = × 28 = 14 g , mH2 = ×2=3g
2 2
Both the product gases have their respective masses less than 130 g.
Lighter gas has greater number of moles.
(B) PCl5 (g) 

PCl3 (g) + Cl2(g)
1 mole 1 mole 1 mole
137.5
dPCl3 = = 6.14 g/L
22.4
71
dCl2 = = 3.17 g/L
22 .4
Density of both of the product gases at NTP is less than 1 g/L.
mPCl3 = 1 × 137.5 = 137.5 g , mCl2 = 1 × 71 = 71 g
(C) 2H (g) 


H2 (g) + 2 (g)
1 1
1 mole mole mole
2 2

Total number of molecules produced = 1 × NA = NA
2
dH2 = = 0.0893 g/L
22.4
254
dI 2 = = 11.34 g/L
22 .4
1 1
mH2 = × 2 = 1 g , mI2 = × 254 = 127 g
2 2
(D) NH4COONH2 (s)  
2NH3(g) + CO2(g)
Total gaseous product = 3 mole  22.4 × 3 = 67.2 L at STP.
17
dNH3 = = 0.759 g/L
22 .4
44
dCO2 = = 1.964 g/L
22.4
mNH3 = 2 × 17 = 34 g , mCO2 = 1 × 44 = 44 g
Lighter gas has greater number of moles.
Comprehension :
The molecule of a saturated hydrocarbon contains carbon atoms attached to one another by single bonds
and bonded to hydrogen atoms also by single bonds to saturate the carbon valencies. They are called
alkanes.
If the number of carbon atoms is denoted by n, then the general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2 .
Molecular formula weight = n × Empirical formula weight
When a hydrocarbon is burnt in the presence of oxygen, all the carbon and hydrogen is converted into CO2
and H2O. Combustion reaction is :
y y
CxHy (g) + (x +) O2 (g)  xCO2 (g) + H O ()
4 2 2
Now, answer the following questions :
,d lar`Ir gkbMªksdkcZu ds v.kq esa dkcZu ijek.kq] ,d nwljs ls ,dy cU/k ls tqM+s gksrs gSa vkSj gkbMªkstu ijek.kq ls Hkh dkcZu
ijek.kq] viuh la;kstdrk iwjh djus ds fy, ,dy ca/k ls tqM+s jgrs gSaA ;s ,YdsUl dgykrs gSaA ;fn dkcZu ijek.kq dh la[;k
dks n ls O;Dr djsa] rks ,Ydsu dk lkekU; lw=k CnH2n+2 gksxkA
v.kqHkkj = n × ewykuqikrh lw=k Hkkj
tc ,d gkbMªksdkcZu dks vkWDlhtu dh mifLFkfr esa tykrs gSa] rc leLr dkcZu vkSj gkbMªkstu dk CO2 rFkk H2O esa ifjorZu
gks tkrk gSA ngu vfHkfØ;k gS %
y y
CxHy (g) + (x + ) O2 (g)  xCO2 (g) + H O ()
4 2 2
vc] fuEu ç'uksa ds mÙkj nhft, %
1. Butane, C4H10, burns with the oxygen in air to give carbon dioxide and water.
What is the volume of O2 gas required at STP for 0.25 mole C4H10 ? The combustion reaction is :
C4H10(g) + O2(g)  CO2(g) + H2O(g) (not balanced) [M]
C;wVsu (C4H10), ok;q dh mifLFkfr esa vkWDlhtu ds lkFk tydj dkcZuMkbvkWDlkbM vkSj ty cukrh gSA 0.25 eksy C4H10
ds fy, STP ij O2 dk vko';d vk;ru D;k gS \ ngu vfHkfØ;k fuEu gS %
C4H10(g) + O2(g)  CO2(g) + H2O(g) (vlarqfyr)

(A) 18.2 L (B*) 36.4 L (C) 54.6 L (D) 72.8 L
Sol. On balancing the reaction :
13
C4H10 + O  4CO2 + 5H2O
2 2
Mole of C 4H10 Mole of O2
=
1 13 / 2
13 13 13
Hence, mole of O2 = × mole of C4H10 = × 0.25 =
2 2 8
13
 Volume of O2 gas required at STP = × 22.4 = 36.4 L.
8
gy % vfHkfØ;k dks lUrqfyr djus ij %
13
C4H10 + O  4CO2 + 5H2O
2 2
C 4H10 d seksy O2 d seksy
=
1 13 / 2
13
vr%] O2 ds eksy = 2
× C4H10 ds eksy
13 13
= × 0.15 = eksy
2 8
13
 vko';d O2 dk STP ij vk;ru = × 22.4 = 36.4 L.
8
2. 5.6 L of a gaseous alkane at STP, one molecule of which contains 6 H-atoms, is allowed to burn in presence
of 80 g air (containing 20% oxygen gas by mass). The mass of CO2 that can be produced is : [T]
STP ij ,d 5.6 L xSlh; ,Ydsu] ftldk 1 v.kq 6 H-ijek.kq ;qDr gS] dks 80 g ok;q (tks Hkkj ls 20% vkWDlhtu xSl j[krh
gS) dh mifLFkfr esa tyk;k tkrk gSA CO2 dk nzO;eku] tks mRikfnr gks ldrk gS] fuEu gS %
(A) 22 g (B) 6.29 g (C*) 12.57 g (D) 154 g
Sol. General formula of alkane = CnH2n + 2 (given in comprehension)
If 1 molecule contains 6 H-atoms, then 2n + 2 = 6.
 n=2
 Alkane = C2H6
Combustion reaction is :
7
C2 H6 + O  2CO2 + 3H2O
2 2
20  80 
100
5.6
mole 22.4 32
= 0.25 = 0.5
mole 0.25 0.5
st. coeff . 1 7/2 = 71
(LR)
0 .5  2 2
 Moles of CO2 produced = =
7/2 7
2
 Mass of CO2 produced = × 44 = 12.57 g.
7
Sol. ,Ydsu dk lkekU; lw=k = CnH2n + 2 (vuqPNsn esa fn;k x;k gS)
;fn 1 v.kq] 6 H-ijek.kq j[krk gS] rc 2n + 2 = 6.
 n=2
 ,Ydsu = C2H6
ngu vfHkfØ;k gS %
7
C2 H6 + O  2CO2 + 3H2O
2 2
20  80 
100
5.6
eksy 22.4 32
= 0.25 = 0.5
eksy
0.25 0.5
jllehd j.kferh
1 7/2 = 71
xq.kkad
(LR)
0 .5  2 2
 mRikfnr CO2 ds eksy = 7/2
=
7
2
 mRikfnr CO2 dk nzO;eku = 7
× 44 = 12.57 g.

DENSITY :
It is of two types :
 Absolute density  Relative density
For Liquid and Solids

mass
 Absolute density =
volume
density of the substan ce
 Relative density or specific gravity = density of water at 4C
We know that density of water at 4ºC = 1 g/mL.
Molar mass
For Gases : Absolute density (mass / volume) = Molar volume
Relative density or Vapour density : Vapour density is defined as the density of the gas with respect to
hydrogen gas at the same temperature and pressure.
Relative density can be calculated with respect to other gases also.
Now answer the following questions :
?kuRo %
;g nks izdkj dk gksrk gS %
 ije ?kuRo (absolute density)  vkisf{kd ?kuRo (relative density)
nzo rFkk Bksl ds fy,
 ije ?kuRo =
inkFkZd k ?kuRo
 vkisf{kd ?kuRo vFkok fof'k"V ?kuRo (Specific gravity) = 4C ij t y d k ?kuRo
ge tkurs gSa fd 4ºC ij ty dk ?kuRo = 1 g/mL gksrk gSA
xSlksa ds fy, % ije ?kuRo (nzO;eku / vk;ru) = eksyj nzO;eku @ eksyj vk;ru
vkisf{kd ?kuRo vFkok ok"i ?kuRo : ok"i ?kuRo dks leku rki rFkk nkc ij gkbMªkstu xSl ds lkis{k] fdlh xSl ds ?kuRo
ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA
vkisf{kd ?kuRo dks vU; xSlksa ds lkis{k esa Hkh ifjdfyr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
vc fuEu ç'uksa ds mÙkj nhft, %
3. An unknown gas is found to have its density 32 times the density of hydrogen gas under same temperature
and pressure conditions. The unknown gas could be : [E]
leku nkc o rki dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij ,d vKkr xSl dk ?kuRo] gkbMªkstu xSl ds ?kuRo dh vis{kk 32 xquk gksrk gSA vKkr
xSl D;k gks ldrh gS %
(A) CH4 (B) O2 (C*) SO2 (D) O3
dgas
Sol. dH2 = 32.
 VDgas = 32
 Mgas = 2 × VD = 2 × 32 = 64
Among the given options, only SO2 gas has mol. mass 64.
(fn;s x;s fodYiksa esa dsoy SO2 xSl dk v.kqHkkj 64 gSA)
4. If the vapour density of a volatile metal chloride is 130.5 and the valency of the metal involved is 4, then the
gram atomic mass of metal is : [M]
;fn ,d ok"i'khy /kkrq DyksjkbM dk ok"i ?kuRo 130.5 gks rFkk lEcfU/kr /kkrq dh la;kstdrk 4 gks] rks /kkrq dk xzke ijek.oh;
Hkkj fuEu gS %
(A) 137 g (B) 207 g (C*) 119 g (D) 75 g
Sol. Let atomic mass of metal is 'm' amu.
Since valency of metal involved is 4, so formula of volatile metal chloride is MCl4.
VD = 130.5.  Mol. mass = 2 × VD = 2 × 130.5 = 261.
Now, m + 4 (35.5) = 261  m = 119  GAM of metal = 119 g.
Sol. ekuk fd /kkrq dk ijek.oh; nzO;eku 'm' amu gSA
pwafd lEcfU/kr /kkrq dh la;kstdrk 4 gS] blfy, ok"i'khy /kkrq DyksjkbM dk lw=k MCl4 gSA
VD = 130.5.
 v.kq Hkkj = 2 × VD = 2 × 130.5 = 261.
vc, m + 4 (35.5) = 261
 m = 119
 /kkrq dk GAM = 119 g.
5. If the specific gravity of liquid Hg metal is 13.6, the volume occupied by one atom of Hg is about : (Assume
no empty space to be present between Hg atoms) [M]
;fn nzo Hg /kkrq dk fof'k"V ?kuRo ¼specific gravity½ 13.6 gS] rc Hg ds ,d ijek.kq }kjk ?ksjk x;k vk;ru yxHkx fdruk
gSS % (ekuk fd Hg ijek.kqvksa ds e/; dksbZ fjDr LFkku mifLFkr ugha gS)
(A) 1.2  10–23 cm3 (B*) 2.4  10–23 cm3 (C) 1.8  10–23 cm3 (D) 3  10–23 cm3
Sol. Mass of NA atoms of Hg = 200 gram

200
so, mass of 1 atom of Hg = N g
A
Now, given density = 13.6 g/mL
mass 200
so, vol. of 1 atom of Hg = density = N 3.6 mL = 2.4 × 10–23 cm3.
A
Sol. Hg ds NA ijek.kqvksa dk nzO;eku = 200 g
200
blfy, Hg ds 1 ijek.kq dk nzO;eku = N g
A
vc] fn;k x;k ?kuRo = 13.6 g/mL
nzO; eku 200
blfy, Hg ds 1 ijek.kq dk vk;ru = = N 3.6 mL = 2.4 × 10–23 cm3.
?kuRo A

Lunar caustic (AgNO3) is prepared by heating silver with dilute nitric acid according to the reaction :
3 Ag + 4 HNO3  3AgNO3 + NO(g) + 2 H2O ... (1)
The solution is concentrated and cooled when crystals of silver nitrate separate out.
On heating above its melting point, silver nitrate decomposes to silver nitrite and oxygen as :
2 AgNO3(s)  2AgNO2(s) + O2(g) ... (2)
However, when heated red hot, it gives metallic silver according to the reaction :
2AgNO3 (s)  2Ag(s) + 2NO2 (g) + O2(g) .... (3)
Based on the above information, answer the following questions :
6. A 5 g silver coin completely reacted with 25 mL of dilute HNO3 solution having density 1.33 g/mL, containing
2.1 g of nitric acid, according to 1st reaction. The percentage of silver in the coin is : [M]
(A) 27% (B) 20% (C*) 54% (D) 40%
2 .1 1
Sol. nHNO3 = =
63 30

1 3 1 1
 nAg reacted =  =  mAg reacted =  108 = 2.7 g
30 4 40 40
2 .7
 % of Ag in coin =  100 = 54%.
5
7. The total volume at STP of the gaseous products obtained when crystals of AgNO3 obtained from 1st reaction
according to above question are divided into 2 equal parts and allowed to decompose according to 2nd and
3rd reactions, if only 80% AgNO3 crystallises from 1st reaction, is : [M]
(A*) 448 mL (B) 336 mL (C) 224 mL (D) 112 mL
80 1
Sol. n AgNO3 crystallized =  = 0.02
100 40
0.02 1
 nO2 produced according to 2nd reaction =  = 0.005
2 2
0.02 3
& ( nO2 + nNO2 ) produced according to 3rd reaction =  = 0.015
2 2
 Total volume at STP of gaseous products = (0.005 + 0.015)  22400 = 448 mL.

In a modern process, phosphorite [Ca3(PO4)2] is reduced to P4 by heating it with coke (C) and silica (SiO2) in
an electric furnace at 1400 – 1500°C. Then, the following reactions take place :
2Ca3(PO4)2 + 6SiO2  6CaSiO3 + P4O10
P4O10 + 10C  P4 + 10CO
The vapour of phosphorus (P4) is condensed in cold water to get solid P4.
P4 reacts with NaOH to give PH3 gas according to the reaction :
P4 + 3NaOH + 3H2O  3NaH2PO2 + PH3
Now answer the following questions.

,d vk/kqfud izfØ;k esa QkWLQksjkbV [kfut [Ca3(PO4)2] dks dksd (C) rFkk flfydk (SiO2) ds lkFk 1400 – 1500°C ij
fo|qrh; HkV~Vh esa xeZ dj [kfut dks P4 esa vipf;r fd;k tkrk gSA rc fuEu vfHkfØ;k,¡ gksrh gSa %
2Ca3(PO4)2 + 6SiO2  6CaSiO3 + P4O10
P4O10 + 10C  P4 + 10CO
B.Ms ikuh esa QkWLQksjl (P4) dh ok"i dks B.Mk djds P4 Bksl cuk;k tkrk gSA
P4 , NaOH ds lkFk fØ;k djds fuEu vfHkfØ;kuqlkj PH3 xSl nsrk gSA
P4 + 3NaOH + 3H2O  3NaH2PO2 + PH3

vc fuEu iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft;sA
8. If above reactions are carried out by taking 620 g pure phosphorite, 120 g SiO2 and sufficient amount of all
other required reactants, then the volume of PH3 gas evolved at STP is approximately : [M]
;fn ;s vfHkfØ;k,¡ 620g 'kq) QkWLQksjkbV rFkk 120g SiO2 dks ysdj djkbZ tk;as rFkk vU; lHkh vko';d vfHkdkjdksa dh i;kZIr
ek=kk gks] rks STP ij fu"dkf"kr gksus okyh PH3 xSl dk vk;ru yxHkx D;k gksxk %
(A) 11.2 L (B) 22.4 L (C*) 7.5 L (D) 3.75 L
Sol. 2Ca3(PO4)2 + 6SiO2  6CaSiO3 + P4O10
620 120 2
moles = =2 =2
310 60 6
P4O10 + 10C  P4 + 10CO(g)

2 2
6 6
P4 + 3NaOH + 3H2O  3NaH2PO2 + PH3

1 1
3 3
1
 volume of PH3 evolved at STP = x 22.4  7.5 L
3
gy. 2Ca3(PO4)2 + 6SiO2  6CaSiO3 + P4O10

620 120 2
eksy = =2 =2
310 60 6
P4O10 + 10C  P4 + 10CO(g)

2 2
6 6
P4 + 3NaOH + 3H2O  3NaH2PO2 + PH3

1 1
3 3
1
 STP ij fu"dkf"kr gksus okyh PH3 dk vk;ru = x 22.4  7.5 L
3
9. If a sample of phosphorite mineral contains only 50% pure phosphorite by mass, then the weight of phospho-
rite mineral sample required to react completely with 0.6 M, 500 mL of HCl solution according to the given
reaction is : [M]
Ca3(PO4)2 + 6HCl  3CaCl2 + 2H3PO4
;fn QkWLQksjkbV [kfut] dsoy 50% 'kq) QkWLQksjkbV j[krk gS] rks 0.6 M HCl foy;u ds 500 mL dh iw.kZ :i ls fØ;k
djkus ds fy, QkWLQksjkbV [kfut dk fdruk Hkkj pkfg, %
Ca3(PO4)2 + 6HCl  3CaCl2 + 2H3PO4
(A) 1.8 g (B) 15.5 g (C*) 31 g (D) 60 g
Sol. Ca3(PO4)2 + 6HCl  3CaCl2 + 2H3PO4
For above reaction, m.moles of HCl available = 0.6 × 500 = 300
m. mole of HCl
m.moles of Ca3(PO4)2 =
6
300
m.moles of Ca3(PO4)2  = 50
6
50  310
wt. of Ca3(PO4)2  = 15.5 g
1000
So, wt. of 50% pure mineral = 15.5 g × 2 = 31 g.
gy. Ca3(PO4)2 + 6HCl  3CaCl2 + 2H3PO4
mijksDr vfHkfØ;k ds fy, HCl ds miyC/k feyheksy = 0.6 × 500 = 300
HCl d sfey heks
y
Ca3(PO4)2 ds feyheksy =
6
300
Ca3(PO4)2 ds feyheksy~  = 50
6
50  310
Ca3(PO4)2 dk Hkkj  = 15.5 g
1000
vr%, 50% 'kq) [kfut dk Hkkj = 15.5 g × 2 = 31 g.
10. If the product of second reaction contains 2.4088 × 1024 atoms of P, then how many grams of CO(g) will be
produced alongwith : [M]
;fn f}rh; vfHkfØ;k dk mRikn] P ds 2.4088 × 1024 ijek.kq j[krk gS] rks CO(g) ds fdrus xzke cusaxs %
(A) 140 g (B) 28 g (C*) 280 g (D) 560 g
2.4088 x 1024
Sol. Moles of P4 molecule = =1
6.022 x 1023 x 4
 moles of CO formed = 10
 mass = 280 g
2.4088 x 1024
gy. P4 v.kq ds eksy = =1  CO ds cus gq, eksy = 10
6.022 x 1023 x 4
 Hkkj = 280 g
T/F
1. S1 : On the basis of modern atomic scale, mass of carbon atom is 12 amu. [M]
S2 : Different compounds must have different proportions of elements.
S3 : Equal volumes of H2 and He contain the same number of particles at same temperature and pressure.
3n  1
S4 : In the chemical equation given below the ratio of stoichiometric coefficients of O2 and CnH2n–2 is .
2
CnH2n–2 + O2  CO2 + H2O
S1 : vk/kqfud ijek.kq Hkkj iSekus ds vuqlkj dkcZu ijek.kq dk Hkkj 12 amu gSA
S2 : fHkUu ;kSfxdksa esa rRoksa dk vuqikr fHkUu gksuk pkfg,A
S3 : leku rki rFkk nkc ij H2 rFkk He ds cjkcj vk;ruksa esa d.kksa dh la[;k leku gksrh gSA
3n  1
S4 : uhps fn xbZ jklk;fud lehdj.k esa O2 rFkk CnH2n–2 ds jllehdj.kfefr xq.kkadksa dk vuqikr gSA
2
CnH2n–2 + O2  CO2 + H2O
(A) T T F T (B*) T F T T (C) F T F T (D) F F T F
2. For the reaction: CaCO3  CaO + CO2 [M]
S1 : 20 g CaCO3 (50 % pure) on strongly heating gives 11.2 g residue (i.e. CaO)
S2 : 20 g CaCO3 on strongly heating gives 11.2 g residue (i.e. CaO)
S3 : 20 g CaCO3 on strongly heating gives 11.2 L gas at STP
S4 : 20 g CaCO3 on strongly heating gives 11.2 g of total products
CaCO3  CaO + CO2 vfHkfØ;k ds fy,

S1 : 20 g CaCO3 (50 % 'kq)) xeZ djus ij 11.2 g vof'k"V (CaO) nsrk gSA
S2 : 20 g CaCO3 xeZ djus ij 11.2 g vof'k"V (CaO) nsrk gSA
S3 : 20 g CaCO3 xeZ djus ij 11.2 L xSl STP ij nsrk gSA
S4 : 20 g CaCO3 xeZ djus ij dqy mRikn 11.2 g nsrk gSA
(A*) FTFF (B) TFTT (C) TFTF (D) FTTT
3. Whenever sulphur and oxygen react completely to produce a mixture of SO2 and SO3, they always do so,
producing SO2 and SO3 in the molar ratio 1 : 2, according to balanced chemical equation. [M]
tc Hkh lYQj ,oa vkWDlhtu iw.kZr;k vfHkfØ;k djds SO2 ,oa SO3 dk feJ.k nsrs gSa] rks feJ.k esa SO2 ,oa SO3 lnSo
1 : 2 eksyj vuqikr esa larqfyr vfHkfØ;k ds vuqlkj izkIr gksrs gSaA
Ans. False
Sol. S and O may react completely to produce a mixture of SO2 and SO3 in a molar ratio other than 1 : 2,
depending on the amount of S and O taken initially.
eg. 4S + 5O2  2SO2 + 2SO3
(128g) (160g) molar ratio = 1 : 1
gy. S rFkk O iw.kZr;k fØ;k djds 1 : 2 eksyj vuqikr ds vykok Hkh SO2 ,oa SO3 dk feJ.k cuk ldrs gSa] ;g izkjEHk esa fy;s
x;s S rFkk O dh ek=kk ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
mnk- 4S + 5O2  2SO2 + 2SO3
(128g) (160g) eksyj vuqikr = 1 : 1
Single Integer
1. 27 kg of SO2Cl2 is reacted with excess of NaOH completely. If the difference between masses of Na2SO4
and NaCl produced is x kg, then x is : [M] (MOL) [Aug. SA Mam_2012]
(SO2Cl2 + NaOH Na2SO4 + NaCl + H2O)
27 kg SO2Cl2, NaOH ds vkf/kD; ds lkFk iw.kZr% vfHkfØ;k djrk gSA ;fn mRIkkfnr Na2SO4 o NaCl ds nzO;ekuksa ds
e/; vUrj x kg gS, rc x dk eku Kkr dhft, : [Aug. SA Mam_2012]
(SO2Cl2 + NaOH Na2SO4 + NaCl + H2O)
Ans. 5 Kg
Sol. SO2Cl2 + 4NaOH Na2SO4 + 2NaCl + 2H2O
27000
moles = =200 200 moles 400 moles
135
m = 200 × 142 g m = 400 × 58.5 g
= 28.400 kg = 23.4 kg
x = 28.4 – 23.4 = 5 kg.
2. Total number of moles of O2 needed for complete combustion of 60 g of C2H6 is: [E]
60 g C2H6 ds iw.kZ ngu ds fy, vko';d O2 ds eksyksa dh dqy la[;k gSA
Ans. 7
Sol. C2H6 + 3.5 O2  2CO2 + 3H2O
2 mole 3.5 × 2 = 7 mole
3. 2 L Hydrocarbon CXH2Y burns in air to give 2 L CO2 and 3 L H2O (At same temperature and presure). The
value of (X + Y) is : [E]
2 L gkbMªkd
s kcZu CXH2Y ok;q eas tydj 2 L CO2 rFkk 3 L H2O nsrk gS ¼leku rki o nkc ij½ (X + Y) dk eku Kkr dhft,%
Ans. 4
Sol. X = 1; Y = 3
4. The mass of hydrocarbon (in gram) that should be burnt to produce 11.2 L CO2 (dH O = 1 g/ml) and 18 ml H2O
2
at STP is. [E]
gkbMªksdkcZu dk og nzO;eku (xzke esa) ftldk ngu dj STP ij 11.2 L CO2 (dH O = 1 g/ml) o 18 ml H2O mRikfnr fd;k
2
tkrk gSA
Ans. 8
Sol. CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O
11.2 L 18 mL
1
=mole
2
Moles of C (C ds eksy) = 0.5 Mass of H2O (H2O dk nzO;eku) = 18 × 1 = 18 g
Mass of C (C dk nzO;eku) = 6 g nH O = 1 mole, mass of H (H dk nzO;eku)
2
=6g =2g
Total mass of hydrocarbon (gkbMªksdkcZu dk dqy nzO;eku) = 8
5. From the following reactions : [M]

CoF2 + F2  CoF3
+ CoF3  + HF + CoF2
What mass of F2 (in kg) will be consumed in first reaction to produce 2 kg of Teflon polymer
in second reaction?
Given your answer rounding it off to the nearest whole number.
fuEu vfHkfØ;kvksa ls %
CoF2 + F2  CoF3
+ CoF3  + HF + CoF2
izFke vfHkfØ;k esa F2 dk D;k nzO;eku (kg esa) dke esa fy;k tk;s] rkfd f}rh; vfHkfØ;k esa 2 kg Vs¶ykWu cgqyd
mRikfnr gks \
viuk mÙkj fudVre iw.kk±d esa nhft,A
Ans. 3
Sol. Balanced reactions are :
2CoF2 + F2  2CoF3
 + 8nCoF3  + 4nHF + 8nCoF2
2000 20
Mole = 100n = n
20
 Moles of CoF3 = × 8n = 160
n
 Mass of F2 gas conssumed in I reaction = Moles of F2 × GMMF2
1 
=  2 160  × 38
 
= 3040 g = 3.04 kg  3
Sol. lUrqfyr vfHkfØ;k,¡ fuEu gSa %
2CoF2 + F2  2CoF3
 + 8nCoF3  + 4nHF + 8nCoF2
2000 20
Mole = 100n = n
20
 CoF3 ds eksy = × 8n = 160
n
 I vfHkfØ;k esa iz;qDr F2 xSl dk nzO;eku = F2 ds eksy × GMMF2
1 
=  2 160  × 38
 
= 3040 g = 3.04 kg  3
60%
6. Cl2 + KOH  KCl + KClO + H2O [T]
50%
KClO  KCl + KClO3
80%
KClO3  KClO4 + KCl
112 L Cl2 gas at STP is passed in 10 L KOH solution, containing 1 mole of potassium hydroxide per liter.
Calculate the total moles of KCl produced, rounding it off to nearest whole number. (Yield of chemical
reactions are written above the arrow () of respective reaction)
Ans. 4
112
Sol. nCl2 = =5
22.4
nKOH = 1 × 10 = 10
60%
Cl2 + 2KOH  KCl + KClO + H2O
5 10 5 × 0.6 5 × 0.6
=3 =3
50%
3KClO  2KCl + KClO3
2 1
3 3 × 3 × 0.5 3 × 3 × 0.5
=1 = 0.5
80%
4KClO3  3KClO4 + KCl
0 .5
0.5 0.8 × = 0.1
4
(nKCl)total = 3 + 1 + 0.1 = 4.1 moles  4 moles
7. Assuming that petrol is octane (C8H18)and has density 0.8 g/mL, 1.425 litre of petrol on complete combustion
into CO2 and H2O will consume X m3 of O2 gas at NTP. Find the value of X, rounding it off to nearest whole
number. [M]
Ans. 3
Sol. Mass of octane = 1.425  103  0.8 g
1425 0.8
Moles of octane = = 10 moles
114
25
C8H18 + O2  8CO2 + 9H2O
2
From the equation, it can be seen that :
25
For 1 mole octane, oxygen required = moles
2
So, for 10 mole octane, oxygen required
25
= × 10 = 125 moles = 125 × 22.4 = 2800 L = 2.8 m3  3 m3
2
8. In following sequence of reactions effeciency of reactions are 80%, 60% and 50% respectively
calculate minimum moles of Mg required to get 0.18 mole of P 2O 5. Assume Ca 3 (PO 4) 2, H 2O and
O 2 are present in excess. [T]
(i) Ca 3 (PO 4) 2 + Mg  Ca 3 P 2 + MgO
(ii) Ca 3P 2 + H 2O  Ca(OH) 2+PH 3
(iii) PH 3 + O 2  P 2O 5 +H 2O
Ans. (i) Ca 3 (PO 4) 2 + 8Mg 

80%
 Ca 3P 4 + 8 MgO
n mol of Mg will give
n 80 n
 mol Ca3P4 
8 100 10
(ii) Ca 2P 2+6H 2O 
60%
 3Ca(OH) 3 + 2PH 3
n  n 60 3n 
mol of Ca 3 P 2 W ill give  2     mol PH 3
10 10 100 25
(iii) 2PH 3 + 4O 2 
50%
 P 2O 5 + 3H 2O
3n  1 3n 50 
mol PH 3 will give    mol P 2O 5 = 0.03n
25 2 25 100 
0.03n = 0.18
n = 6 (Ans.)
9. If the mass % of H in a given pure sample of an alkane is 16%, determine the number of C-atoms in one
molecule of given alkane. Given : General molecular formula of alkane is CnH2n + 2, where n is a natural
number. [M]
;fn ,d ,Ydsu ds fn;s x;s 'kq) izkn'kZ esa H dk nzO;eku izfr'kr 16% gS] rks fn;s x;s ,Ydsu ds ,d v.kq esa C-ijek.kqvksa
dh la[;k Kkr dhft;sA fn;k x;k gS % ,Ydsu dk lkekU; v.kqlw=k CnH2n + 2 gS] tgk¡ n ,d izkÑÙk la[;k gSA
Ans. 7
(2n  2)  1
Sol. Mass % of H = n  12  (2n  2)  1  100 = 16 (given)
n=7
So, number of C-atoms in one molecule of given alkane = 7.

(2n  2)  1
gy H dk nzO;eku % =  100 = 16 (fn;k x;k gS)
n  12  (2n  2)  1
n=7
blfy,, fn;s x;s ,Ydsu ds ,d v.kq esa C-ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k = 7.
10. If 134.4 L of H2 gas at STP is made to combine with excess of N2 gas according to the reaction : [M]
N2 + 3H2 2NH3
find the number of moles of ammonia gas produced, if the percentage yield of reaction is 50%. (M1)
;fn STP ij H2 xSl dk 134.4 L vk;ru] fuEufyf[kr vfHkfØ;k ds vuqlkj N2 xSl ds vkf/kD; ds lkFk vfHkfØ;k djrk
gS %
N2 + 3H2 2NH3
vfHkfØ;k ds nkSjku mRiUu veksfu;k xSl ds eksy Kkr dhft;s] ;fn vfHkfØ;k dh izfr'kr yfC/k 50% gSA
Ans. 2
Sol. N2 + 3H2  2NH3
134 .4
nH2  =6
22.4
62 50
 nNH3 (exp ected )  =4  nNH3 (actual )  4  2
3 100

Sol. N2 + 3H2  2NH3
134 .4
nH2  =6
22.4
62 50
 nNH3 ( izR; kf'kr )  =4  nNH3 ( okLrfod )  4  2
3 100
Double Integer :
1. 8.2 g of Ca(NO3)2 solid was taken in an open vessel and heated for some time, when it decomposed to
produce CaO(s), NO2(g) and O2(g). If there occurs a loss in mass by 0.54 g, then find the percentage of
original Ca(NO3)2 decomposed. [M] [SKC Sir 2011]
,d [kqys ik=k esa 8.2 g Ca(NO3)2 Bksl dks rki }kjk fo?kfVr djus ij CaO(s) , NO2(g) rFkk O2(g) mRikn curs gSaA ;fn
bl iz;ksx esa ik=k ls 0.54 g nzO;eku de gks tkrk gS] rks Kkr dhft;s fd fy;s x;s Ca(NO3)2 dk fdruk izfr'kr fo?kfVr
gqvk gksxkA
Ans. 10
Sol. 2Ca(NO3)2  2CaO + 4NO2 + O2

8. 2 1
= – –
164 20
1 y
–y 2y
20 2
y
2y × 46 + × 32 = 0.54
2
 108y = 0.54
54
y=
10800
1
y=
200
1
200
Percentage of original Ca(NO3)2 decomposed = 1 × 100 = 10%
20
1
200
okLrfod Ca(NO3)2 dk izfr'kr fo[k.Mu = 1 × 100 = 10%
20
Then Find out the atomic mass of Alkaline earth metal (M) ? [(d)Sulphates & Nitrates] [M]
Ans. 24
=
1 1
1 4.08
=
a 98
98
a= = 24.01
4.08

Subjective :
1. (b) How many moles of CO2 gas are produced from the complete combustion of 3 moles of ethane (C2H6)
gas? [3 + 1 = 4] [M]
(b) 3 eksy ,Fksu (C2H6) ds iw.kZ ngu ls mRikfnr CO2 xSl ds eksyksa dh la[;k fdruh gS \ [3 + 1 = 4]
Ans. (b) 6 moles
mÙkj (b) 6 eksy
7
Sol. (b) C2 H6 + O  2CO2 + 3H2O
2 2
Mole 3
Clearly, from stoichiometry of equation :
nCO produced = 2 × 3 = 6 moles.
2
7
(b) C2 H6 + O  2CO2 + 3H2O
2 2
Mole 3
Li"Vr;k] lehdj.k dh jllehdj.kfefr ls %
nCO mRikfnr = 2 × 3 = 6 moles.
2
2. 0.75 mole of solid A4 and 2 moles of gaseous O2 are heated to react completely in a sealed vessel to produce
only one gaseous compound B. The obtained amount of B occupied a volume of 24.6 L at 1 atm pressure and
27°C temperature. What is the molecular formula of compound ?
(Take R = 0.082 L atm K–1 mol–1) [2 Marks] [M]
,d cUn ik=k esa 0.75 eksy Bksl A4 o 2 eksy xSlh; O2 dks xeZ dj iw.kZ :i ls fØ;k djkdj dsoy ,d xSlh; ;kSfxd B
cuk;k tkrk gSA 1 atm nkc 27°C rki ij izkIr B dh ek=kk 24.6 yhVj dk ,d vk;ru izkIr djrk gSA ;kSfxd dk v.kqlw=k
D;k gS \
(yhft, R = 0.082 L atm K–1 mol–1) [2 Marks]
Ans. A3O4

Section (D) : Limiting reagent, % Excess, % Yield / Efficiency MOLE CONCEPT (MOL)
SCQ
1. When an aqueous solution of AgNO3 is added to another aqueous solution of BaCl2, then precipitation of
AgCl occurs along with formation of Ba(NO3)2. If a solution containing p moles of AgNO3 is added to another
solution containing q moles of BaCl2 and if p > q, then which of the following ions is definitely not present in
the final solution : (Asume that compound getting precipitated does not produce any ions in solution)
(A) Ag+ (B) Cl– (C) Both Ag+ & Cl– (D*) Cannot be predicted
tc AgNO3 ds ,d tyh; foy;u dks BaCl2 ds ,d vU; tyh; foy;u esa feyk;k tkrk gS] rks Ba(NO3)2 ds cuus ds
lkFk&lkFk AgCl dk vo{ksi Hkh izkIr gksrk gSA ;fn p eksy AgNO3 ;qDr ,d foy;u dks q eksy BaCl2 ;qDr ,d foy;u
ds lkFk feyk;k tkrk gS rFkk ;fn p > q gks] rks ifj.kkeh foy;u esa fuEu esa ls dkSulk vk;u fuf'pr :i ls mifLFkr ugha
gksrk gS % ¼;g ekusa fd vo{ksfir gksus okyk ;kSfxd] foy;u esa dksbZ vk;u mRikfnr ugha djrk gS½
(A) Ag+ (B) Cl– (C) Ag+ o Cl– nksuksa (D*) dqN dgk ugha tk ldrk
Sol. Balanced equation :
2AgNO3 + BaCl2  2AgCl + Ba(NO3)2
Mole p q
Mole p
  q
st. coeff. 2
p
However, p > q, but it cannot be predicted that among and q, which is smaller. Hence, LR cannot be
2
predicted. Thus, which ion (Ag+ or Cl– or both) is definitely not present in the final solution, cannot be
predicted.
gy larqfyr lehdj.k :
eksy p q
eksy p
 q
jllehd j.kfefr xq.kkad 2
p
;|fi, p > q, ysfdu ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk fd 2
o q esa dkSu NksVk gSA vr% LR ugha crk;k tk ldrk gSA bl izdkj]
ifj.kkeh foy;u esa tks Hkh vk;u (Ag+ vFkok Cl– vFkok nksuksa) fuf'pr :i ls vuqifLFkr gS] mlds ckjs esa dgk ugha tk ldrk
gSA
2. Hydrochloric acid solutions A and B have concentrations 0.5 N and 0.1 N respectively. The volumes of
solution A and solution B required to make a 2-litre solution of 0.2 N HCI are [E] (MOL)
(1*) 0.5 L of A and 1.5 L of B (2) 3.5 L of A and 0.5 L of B
(3) 1.0 L of A and 1.0 L of B (4) 0.75 L of A and 1.25 L of B
gkbMªkWDyksfjd vEy foy;u A rFkk B dh lkUnzrk Øe'k% 0.5 N rFkk 0.1 N gSA 0.2 N HCI ds 2 yhVj foy;u dks cukus
ds fy, foy;u A rFkk foy;u B dk vk;ru Øe'k% fuEu vko';d gSA
(1*) 0.5 L A o 1.5 L B (2) 3.5 L A o 0.5 L B
(3) 1.0 L A o 1.0 L B (4) 0.75 L A o 1.25 L B
3. A gaseous mixture of H2 and CO2 gas contains 88% by mass of CO2 . The vapour density of the mixture is:
(1) 19.48 (2) 11.5 (3*) 6.25 (4) Cannot be determined
(1) 19.48 (2) 11.5 (3*) 6.25 (4) Kkr ugha fd;k tk ldrk]
[M] (MOL(P))
88 12
44 2
Total mass 100
Mavg = = = 12.5  VD = 12.5/2 = 6.25
Total moles 8

Chemistry\1. Mole Concept\Limiting reagent......
88 12
44 2
d qy Hkkj 100
4. A 100 g pure sample of NaHCO3 was heated until 11.2 L of CO2(g) was collected at STP. What percentage
of the NaHCO3 had decomposed ? [M]
NaHCO3 (s)  Na2CO3 (s) + H2O + CO2
100 g, NaHCO3 ds ,d 'kq) uewus dks rc rd xeZ fd;k tkrk gS tc rd STP ij 11.2 L CO2 (g) ,df=kr u gks tk;sA
NaHCO3 dk fdruk % fo?kfVr gksxk \
(A) 50% (B) 42% (C*) 84% (D) 100% (E) 25%
Sol. 2NaHCO3 (s)  Na2CO3 (s) + H2O + CO2
100 11.2
n= nCO2 = = 0.5
84 22.4
i.e 84% NaHCO3 decomposed.
vFkkZr~ 84% NaHCO3 fo?kfVr gksxkA
5. 24 g of magnesium is made to react with 142 g of Cl2. If 0.35 moles of MgCl2 are produced, then the % yield
of reaction is : [M]
24 g eSXuhf'k;e dh 142 g Cl2 ds lkFk fØ;k djk;h tkrh gSA ;fn 0.35 eksy MgCl2 mRikfnr gksrs gSa] rks vfHkfØ;k dh %
yfC/k fuEu gS %
(A) 20% (B) 25% (C) 45% (D*) 35%
Sol. Mg + Cl2  MgCl2
24 g 142 g
1 moles 2 mole 1 mole (Theoretically produced.) lS)kfUrd :i ls mRikfnr
0.35
(L.R.) % Yield yfC/k = × 100 = 35%.
1
[M]
yksgs ds ,d VqdM+s esa tax yxus ds dkj.k Fe2O3 curk gS blls 16% Hkkj esas o`f) gksrh gSA fdruk izfr'kr yksgs esa tax yxrh
gSA
(A) 20% (B) 23.3% (C*) 37.3% (D) 31%
16
100
16
16
nFe 2
O 3
2 2
3 3
2
 56 112
= 3 × 100 = = 37.33%
100 3

16
100
16
16
nFe 2
O 3
2 2
3 3
2
 56 112
= 3 × 100 = = 37.33%
100 3
7. For the following balanced reaction : [M]

2X + 3Y + 4Z  5W
Initially 1 mole of X, 3 mole of Y and 4 mole of Z are taken. If 1.25 mole of W is obtained then percentage yield
of this reaction is :
(A*) 50% (B) 25% (C) 100% (D) 10%
fuEu lUrqfyr vfHkfØ;k ds fy,]

2X + 3Y + 4Z  5W
izkjEHk esa X dk 1 eksy, Y ds 3 eksy o Z ds 4 eksy ysrs gSA ;fn W ds 1.25 eksy izkIr gksrs gSa rc vfHkfØ;k dh izfr'kr yfC?k
gS %
(A*) 50% (B) 25% (C) 100% (D) 10%
Sol. 2X + 3Y + 4Z  5W
1 3 4
1 3 4
2 3 4
nx n 1 nw
x is limiting reagent. According to stiochimetry moles of w formed are = w ; =
2 5 2 5
nx n 1 n
x lhekUrdkjd gSA jllehdj.kehfr ds vuqlkj fufeZr w ds eksy gSa = w ; = w
2 5 2 5
5 1
nw = = 2.5
2
% yield of reaction (vfHkfØ;k dh % yfC/k) = 50%
8. For the reaction 2P + Q  3R, 12 mole of P and 5 mole of Q will produce : [M]
(A) 18 mole of R (B*) 15 mole of R (C) 16 mole of R (D) 17 mole of R
vfHkfØ;k 2P + Q  3R ls, P ds 12 eksy rFkk Q ds 5 eksy ysus ls cusaxs %
(A) R ds 18 eksy (B*) R ds 15 eksy (C) R ds 16 eksy (D) R ds 17 eksy
Sol. 2P + Q  3R
Initial mole 12 mole 5 mole
Limiting reagent is Q.
Final mole 12 – 10 5–5 5×3 = 15 mole
gy- 2P + Q  3R
izkjfEHkd eksy 12 eksy 5 eksy
Q lhekdkjh vfHkdeZd gSA
vfUre eksy 12 – 10 5–5 5×3 = 15 eksy

9. 5 L of N2 gas is mixed with 15 L of O2 gas and both are made to combine to form NO gas. What volume of NO
gas can be produced. (All volumes are measured under same temperature and pressure conditions) : [M]
5 L N2 xSl o 15 L O2 xSl dks fefJr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk nksuksa la;ksftr gksdj NO xSl cukrs gSaA NO xSl dk D;k vk;ru
mRikfnr gksxk \ (leku rki o nkc ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vUrxZr lHkh vk;ru dks ekfir fd;k x;k gS) :
(A) 5 L (B*) 10 L (C) 20 L (D) 15 L
Sol. N2 (g) + O2 (g)  2NO (g)
5L 15 L 2 × 5 ( V  n)
(LR) = 10 L
10. The number of moles of chromite ore (FeCr2O4) that can be produced by allowing 0.2 moles of Fe, 0.3 moles
of Cr and 0.4 moles of O2 to combine according to the following reaction : [M]
Fe + 2Cr + 2O2  FeCr2O4
(A) 0.2 (B*) 0.15 (C) 0.9 (D) 0.3
Sol. Fe + 2Cr + 2O2  FeCr2O4
Mole 0.2 0.3 0.4
0. 3  1
L.R. =0.15 mole
2
11. If the yield of given reaction is 33.33%, what volume of O2 gas will be produced if 4 moles of K2Cr2O7 are taken
initially : [E]

K2Cr2O7  K2CrO4 + Cr2O3 + O2 (unbalanced)
(A) 11.2 L (B*) 22.4 L (C) 33.6 L (D) 67.2 L

Sol. 4K2Cr2O7  4K2CrO4 + 2Cr2O3 + 3O2
mole 4 3 (100% yield)
= 1 (for 33.33% yield)
Volume of O2 gas produced = 1 × 22.4 = 22.4 L.
12. Equal masses of sulphur and oxygen are made to combine to form SO2 gas. Then : [M]
(A) Sulphur would be finished first and some oxygen will be left.
(B) Oxygen would be finished first and some sulphur will be left.
(C*) Both sulphur and oxygen would be finished together.
(D) Nothing can be said with certainty.
Sol. S + O2  SO2
mass x x
x x x
mole
32 32 32
No L.R. and both sulphur and oxygen would be finished together.
13. 3L of N2 gas are mixed with 6L of H2 gas to form NH3 gas. What volume NH3 gas can be produced under same
temperature and pressure conditions : [E]
(A) 6L (B*) 4L (C) 9L (D) 2L
Sol. N2 (g) + 3H2 (g)  2NH3 (g)
Vol. 3 6 ( V  n)
62
L.R. = 4 L.
3
14. The number of moles of Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) that can be produced, by allowing 0.8 moles of H2, 0.9
moles of P4 and 1 mole of O2 to combine according to the given unbalanced reaction, is : [M]
H2 + P4 + O2  H3PO4
uhps nh xbZ vlarqfyr vfHkfØ;k ds vuqlkj] 0.8 eksy H2, 0.9 eksy P4 o 1 eksy O2 dks la;ksftr dj mRikfnr gksus okys
QkWLQksfjd vEy (H3PO4) ds eksyksa dh la[;k fuEu gS %
H2 + P4 + O2  H3PO4
(A) 0.533 mole eksy (B) 3.6 mole eksy (C*) 0.5 mole eksy (D) 1.2 mole eksy

6H2 + P4 + 8O2  4H3PO4
1 4
Mole 0.8 0.9 1 Mole = = 0.5
8
Mole 0 .8 0 .9 1
St. coeff. 6 1 8
= 0.133 = 0.9 = 0.125

(LR).
6H2 + P4 + 8O2  4H3PO4
1 4
eksy 0.8 0.9 1 eksy = = 0.5
8
eksy 0 .8 0 .9 1
jllehd j.kfefr xq.kkad 6 1 8
= 0.133 = 0.9 = 0.125

(LR).
yfC/k fuEu gS %
(A) 20% (B) 25% (C) 45% (D*) 35%
24 g 142 g
0.35
(L.R.) % Yield yfC/k = × 100 = 35%.
1
16. Ethyl ethanoate is prepared by the reaction between acetic acid and ethanol, according to the reaction :
CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O [SKC Sir 2011] [M]
Acetic acid Ethanol Ethyl ethanoate
In an experiment, 100 mL of acetic acid were reacted with 46 g of C2H5OH. The density of CH3COOH is
1.2 g mL–1. The ethyl ethanoate produced has a mass of 44 g. What was the percentage yield of product :
(A*) 50% (B) 70% (C) 90 % (D) 100%
,flfVd vEy o ,FksukWy ds chp vfHkfØ;k }kjk ,fFky ,sFksuks,V dks fuEu vfHkfØ;k ds vuqlkj cuk;k tkrk gS %
CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
,flfVd vEy ,FksukWy ,fFky ,sFksuks,sV
,d iz;ksx esa, 100 mL ,flfVd vEy dh 46 g C2H5OH ds lkFk fØ;k djk;h xbZA CH3COOH dk ?kuRo
1.2 g mL–1 gSA mRikfnr ,fFky ,Fksuks,V dk nzO;eku 44 g gSA mRikn dh izfr'kr yfC/k D;k Fkh %
(A*) 50% (B) 70% (C) 90 % (D) 100%
100  1.2
Sol. Mole of CH3COOH = =2
60
46
Mole of C2H5OH = = 1(LR)
46
Mole of CH3COOC2H5 = 1
Expected mass of CH3COOC2H5 produced = 88 g.
44
% yield =  100 = 50%
88

100  1.2
gy CH3COOH ds eksy = =2
60
46
C2H5OH ds eksy = = 1(LR)
46
CH3COOC2H5 ds eksy = 1
44
mRikfnr CH3COOC2H5 dk vkisf{kr nzO;eku = 88 g. % yfC/k =  100 = 50%
88
17. Li metal is one of the few substances that reacts directly with molecular nitrogen
6Li(s) + N2(g)  2Li3N(s)
How many grams of the product, lithium nitride, can be prepared from 4.2g of lithium metal and 5.6 g of
molecular nitrogen ? (Atomic weight Li = 7, N = 14) [M]
yhfFk;e (Li) /kkrq ds dqN inkFkZ lh/ks gh vkf.od ukbVªkstu ls vfHkfØ;k djrs gS&
6Li(s) + N2(g)  2Li3N(s)
yhfFk;e /kkrq ds 4.2 g o vkf.od ukbVªkstu ds 5.6 g dh vfHkfØ;k ls fdrus xzke yhfFk;e ukbVªkbM mRikn cuk;k
tk ldrk gS \ (ijek.kq Hkkj Li = 7, N = 14)
(A) 14 g (B) 8 g (C*) 7 g (D) None of these
4.2
Sol. Moles of Li = = 0.6
7
5 .6
moles of N2 = = 0.2 Hence Li is L.R.
28
1
 Moles of Li3N formed = x 0.6 = 0.2  mass = 0.2 x (21 + 14) = 7g
3
4.2
gy. Li ds eksy = = 0.6
7
5 .6
N2 ds eksy = = 0.2
28
blfy, Li ,d lhekad vfHkdeZd gS
1
 Li3N ds cuus gq, eksy = x 0.6 = 0.2
3
 Hkkj = 0.2 x (21 + 14) = 7g
18. How many mole of Zn(FeS2) can be made from 2.5 mole zinc, 2 mole iron and 3 mole sulphur. [E]
(A) 2 mole (B*) 1.5 mole (C) 2.5 mole (D) 5 mole
2.5 eksy ftad] 2 eksy vk;ju rFkk 3 eksy lYQj ls Zn(FeS2) ds fdrus eksy cuk;s tk ldrs gSA
(A) 2 eksy (B*) 1.5 eksy (C) 2.5 eksy (D) 5 eksy
Sol. Zn + Fe + 2S  Zn (FeS2)
initial mole 2.5 2 3 0
izkjfEHkd eksy 1.5 (S is L.R.)
19. 5C(s) + 2SO2(g)  CS2() + 4CO(g) [M]

12 g C is reacted with 16 g SO2. The % yield is 80%. Find moles of CS2 formed during the reaction.
5C(s) + 2SO2(g)  CS2() + 4CO(g)

12 g C dh vfHkfØ;k 16 g SO2 ds lkFk djkrs gSA vfHkfØ;k esa % yfC/k 80 % izkIr gksrh gSA vfHkfØ;k esa fdrus eksy CS2
dk fuekZ.k gksxk %
(A) 0.2 (B*) 0.1 (C) 0.5 (D) 0.4

20. MnO2 is used in the production of KMnO4 [T]
80%
MnO2 + KNO2   K MnO + NO
yield 2 4
90%
K2MnO4 + H2O   KMnO + KOH + H
yield 4 2
How many moles of KMnO4 is formed from 2 moles of MnO2

(A) 2 mole (B) 1.6 mole (C*) 1.44 mole (D) 2.88 mole
MnO2 dk mi;ksx KMnO4 ds mRiknu esa fd;k tkrk gSA
80%
MnO2 + KNO2  yfC/k
  K MnO + NO
2 4
90%
K2MnO4 + H2O  y
fC/k
  KMnO + KOH + H
4 2
MnO2 ds 2 eksyksa ls KMnO4 ds fdrus eksy fufeZr gksrs gSa\

Sol. MnO2 + 2KNO2  K2MnO4 + 2NO
1
K2MnO4 + H2O  KMnO4 + KOH + H2
2
1 80
moles of K2MnO4 =  2 = 1.6 mole
100
90
moles of KMnO4 = 1.6  = 1.44 mole
100
Ans. n of KMnO4 = 1.44

1
2
1 80
K2MnO4 ds eksy =  2 = 1.6 eksy
100
90
KMnO4 ds eksy = 1.6  = 1.44 eksy
100
Ans. KMnO4 ds n = 1.44
21. A mixture of 1.0 mole of Al and 3.0 mole of Cl2 are allowed to react as : [M]
2Al (s) + 3Cl2 (g)  2AlCl3 (s)
Which is incorrect option.
(A) Al is limiting reagent. (B) 1 mole of AlCl3 is formed.
(C) 1.5 mole excess reagent left unreacted. (D*) Cl2 is limiting reagent.
Al ds 1.0 eksy vkSj Cl2 ds 3.0 eksy dk feJ.k fuEu çdkj ls fØ;k djrk gS %
2Al (s) + 3Cl2 (g)  2AlCl3 (s)
dkSulk fodYi xyr gS %
(A) Al lhekar vfHkdeZd gSA (B) AlCl3 ds 1 eksy cusxsA
(C) vkf/kD; vfHkdeZd ds 1.5 eksy 'ks"k jgsxsaA (D*) Cl2 lhekar vfHkdeZd gSA
Sol. 2Al + 3Cl2  2AlCl3 (s)
1.0 3 .0

2 3
 0.5 1
L.R. E.R.
n AlCl3 formed = 1 mole.
nCl2 left = 1.5 mole.

gy- 2Al + 3Cl2  2AlCl3 (s)
1.0 3 .0

2 3
 0.5 1
L.R. E.R.
n AlCl3 fufeZr = 1 eksy
nCl2 'ks"k = 1.5 eksy
22. During the preparation of pearl ash (K2CO3), KCl is treated with CO2 and MgCO3.3H2O. A precipitate of
hydrated MgCO3.KHCO3 is obtained which, on boiling under pressure after filtration and washing, gives an
aqueous solution of K2CO3. 149 g of KCl produced 96g K2CO3 with 80% efficiency for the first step, what is
efficiency for the second one? (K=39, Mg=24.3) [M]
(A) 72.25% (B) 80% (C*) 87.5% (D) None of these
iyZ ,'k~ (K2CO3) ds fojpu ds nkSjku, KCl dks CO2 o MgCO3.3H2O ds lkFk mipkfjr fd;k tkrk gSaA ty;ksftr
MgCO3.KHCO3 dk ,d vo{ksi izkIr gksrk gS] ftldks fd Nkuus o /kksus ds i'pkr~ nkc ds vUrxZr mckyus ij K2CO3
dk ,d tyh; foy;u nsrk gSA izFke in ds fy, 80% n{krk s lkFk 149 g KCl ls 96 g K2CO3 dk mRikn izkIr gksrk
gS] f}rh; in ds fy, n{krk D;k gS \ (K=39, Mg=24.3)
(A) 72.25% (B) 80% (C*) 87.5% (D) buesa ls dksb Z ugha
Sol. KCl + Mg CO3.3H2O 80%
 Mg CO3.KHCO3
149  149 80 
mole    mole
74.5  74.5 100 
2Mg CO3.KHCO3 + H2O 
 2MgCO3 + K2CO3 + H2O + CO2
149 80 1
Theoriticaly mole of K2CO3 = × × mole
74.5 100 2
96
Experimetly mole of K2CO3 obtained = mole
138
96
Obs. mole 138
% Efficiency of reaction = Tho. mole ×100 = 149 80 1 = 86.9% ~ 87% Ans.
 
74.5 100 2
KCl + Mg CO3.3H2O 80%

gy  Mg CO3.KHCO3
149  149 80 
74.5  74.5 100 
 2MgCO3 + K2CO3 + H2O + CO2
149 80 1
K2CO3 ds lS)kfUrd eksy = × × mole
74.5 100 2
96
izkIr K2CO3 ds izk;ksfxd eksy = mole
138
96
izsf{kr eksy 138
vfHkfØ;k dh % n{krk = ×100 = 149 80 1 = 86.9% ~ 87% Ans.
lS) kfUrd eksy  
74.5 100 2
23. A + B  A3B2
A3B2 + C  A3B2C2
Above two reactions are carried out by taking 4 moles each of A and B and two mole of C. Then which option
is wrong [M]
(A) 1 mole of A3B2C2 is formed (B*) 1/2 mole of A3B2C2 is formed
(C) 4/3 mole of A3B2 is formed (D) 1/3 mole of A3B2 is left finally

A + B  A3B2
A3B2 + C  A3B2C2
mijksDr vfHkfØ;k dks A rFkk B izR;sd ds 4 eksy rFkk C ds 2 eksy ls djkbZ tkrh gSA rc dkSulk dFku vlR; gSA
(A) A3B2C2 dk 1 eksy curk gSA (B*) A3B2C2 dk 1/2 eksy curk gSA
(C) A3B2 dk 4/3 eksy curk gSA (D) A3B2 dk 1/3 eksy vUr esa cp tkrk gSA
Sol. 3A + 2B  A3 B2
4 mole 4 mole 4/3 mole formed
A3B 2 + 2C  A3 B2 C2
4/3 mole 2 mole
1/3 mole 0 1 mole
gy- 3A + 2B  A3 B2
4 eksy 4 eksy 4/3 eksy curk gSA
A3B 2 + 2C  A3 B2 C2
4/3 eksy 2 eksy
1/3 eksy 0 1 eksy
24. If 240 g of carbon is taken in a container to convert it completely to CO2 but in industry it has been found that
280 g of CO was also formed along with CO2. Find the percentage yield of CO2. The reactions occurring are
[E]
1
C + O2  CO2 ; C + O  CO
2 2
;fn ,d ik=k esa dkcZu ds 240 g fy, x;s] bls iw.kZr% CO2 esa cnyus ds fy, m+|ksxksa esa ;g ik;k x;k fd CO2 ds lkFk CO
ds 280 g Hkh curs gSA CO2 ds izfr'kr mRikn dh x.kuk djksA gksus okyh vfHkfØ;k fuEu gS %
1
C + O2  CO2 ; C + O  CO
2 2
(A) 25 % (B*) 50 % (C) 75 % (D) 100%
1
Sol. C + O2  CO2 C+ O  CO
2 2
Weight of carbon = 240 g
280
weight of CO = = 10 mole
28
So, 10 mole of carbon consume in the formation of carbon monoxide hence carbon left for the formation of
CO2 = 240 – 10 × 12 = 120 g
C + O2  CO2
120 g
120
= 10 mole.
12
Mole of CO2 = 10 mole.
10
= × 100 = 50 %
20
1
gy. C + O2  CO2 C+ O  CO
2 2
dkcZu dk Hkkj = 240 g
280
CO dk Hkkj = = 10 eksy
28
blfy, dkcZu eksuksvkWDlkbM ds fuekZ.k esa 10 eksy dkcZu iz;qDr gksrh gSA vr% CO2 ds fuekZ.k ds fy, 'ks"k dkcZu =
240 – 10 × 12 = 120 g
C + O2  CO2
120 g
120
= 10 eksy
12
CO2 ds eksy = 10 eksy
10
= × 100 = 50 %
20
25. A hydrocarbon has the following composition by mass :

C = 92.3%, H = 7.7%. Then, the empirical formula of hydrocarbon is : [E]
(A*) C1H1 (B) C2H3 (C) C1H3 (D) C3H4
nzO;eku ls ,d gkbMªksdkcZu dk laxBu fuEu gSSa C = 90%, H = 10% rc gkbMªksdkcZu dk ewykuqikrh lw=k fuEu gS %
(A) C1H1 (B) C2H3 (C) C1H3 (D*) C3H4
92.3 7.7
Sol. C:H= : =1:1
12 1
So, empirical formula (blfy, ewykuqikrh lw=k) = C1H1
26. 100 mL of given KMnO4 solution titrates 50 mL of 0.1 M oxalic acid. Its normality against alkaline H2O2 is :
[SM Sir Jan. 2013] [M]
(1) 0.1 N (2) 0.02 N (3*) 0.06 N (4) None of these
fn;s x;s KMnO4 foy;u ds 100 ml ls 0.1 M vkWDlsfyd vEy ds 50 mL dks vuqekfir fd;k tkrk gSA {kkjh; H2O2 ds
fo:) bldh ukWeZyrk fuEUk gS :
[SM Sir Jan. 2013]
(1) 0.1 N (2) 0.02 N (3*) 0.06 N (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. meq. of oxalic acid = 50 × 0.1 × 2 = 10
Medium is acidic (n = 5 for KMnO4)
N (10 / 100 )
Molarity of KMnO4 = = = 0.02 M.
5 5
In alkaline medium, n = 3 for KMnO4. Hence normality = 0.02 × 3 = 0.06 N.
vkWDlsfyd vEy dk feyh rqY;kad = 50 × 0.1 × 2 = 10
ek/;e vEyh; gS (KMnO4 ds fy, n = 5 gS)
N (10 / 100 )
KMnO4 dh eksyjrk = = = 0.02 M.
5 5
{kkjh; ek/;e esa] KMnO4 ds fy, n = 3 gSA
vr%] ukWeZyrk = 0.02 × 3 = 0.06 N
MCQ
are not equal.
3NA
20
3NA
v.kq curs gSaA

75 60
100 100
Mass 3 NA
GMM 60 20
Mass 3 NA
GMM 60 20
are equal.
= 8.
NA NA
20 5
NA NA
20 5
3 3 3
= ×1+ ×2=
60 60 20
3 / 20 1
3 20
1 NA
20 20
75 60
×5=3g
nzO; eku 3 NA
GMM 60 20
nzO; eku 3 NA
GMM 60 20
NA NA
×4=
5
NA NA
×4=
5
3 3 3
= ×1+ ×2=
60 60 20
3 / 20 1
3 20
1 NA
20 20
2. An equimolar mixture of CO and O2 is exploded to produce CO2. Which of the following is/are correct ?
(A*) The initial vapour density of the mixture is 15. [M] (MOL)
(B) The average molar mass of final mixture is less than that of initial mixture.
(C*) CO is limiting reagent.
(D) Mole % of CO2 in the final mixture is 50%.
CO o O2 dk ,d leeksyj feJ.k] foLQksfVr gksdj CO2 nsrk gSA fuEu esa ls dkSulk@dkSuls lgh gS@gSa\
(A*) feJ.k dk izkjfEHkd ok"i ?kuRo 15 gSA
(B) vfUre feJ.k dk vkSlr eksyj nzO;eku izkjfEHkd feJ.k ds vkSlr nzO;eku ls de gksrk gSA
(C*) CO lhekUr vfHkdeZd gSA

(D) vfUre feJ.k esa CO2 dk eksy izfr'kr 50% gSA
Sol. L.R.
2CO + O2  2CO2
1 1
CO is L.R. (CO L.R. gSA)
Mmix 1 28  1 32 60
V.D. of mixture (feJ.k dk V.D.)= = = = 15.
2 (1  1 )  2 22
As number of moles are decreasing Mav of mixture increases.
(pwafd eksyksa dh la[;k de gksrh gS] rks feJ.k dk Mav esa o`f) gksrh gSA)
moles of CO2 produced (mRikfnr CO2 ds eksy) = 1
1 1
moles of O2 left ('ks"k cps CO2 ds eksy) = 1– =
2 2
1
mole % of CO2 (CO2 dk eksy %)= × 100 = 66.6 %
1  0 .5
3. X + Y  X3 Y4 [E]
Above reaction is carried out by taking 6 moles each of X and Y respectively then :
(A) X is the limiting reagent
(B*) 1.5 moles of X3 Y4 is formed
(C*) 1.5 moles of excess reagent is left behind
(D*) 33.3% excess of excess reagent was present initally. [By SM Sir, July 2013]
X + Y  X3 Y4
mijksDr vfHkfØ;k X rFkk Y izR;sd ds 6 eksy ysdj djk;h tkrh gS] rc :
(A) X lhekar vfHkdeZd gSA
(B*) X3 Y4 ds 1.5 eksy curs gSA
(C*) vkf/kD; vfHkdeZd ds 1.5 eksy 'ks"k jgrs gSA
(D*) izkjEHk esa vkf/kD; vfHkdeZd dk 33.3% vf/kd mifLFkr Fkk [By SM Sir, July 2013]
Sol. 3X + 4Y  X3 Y4
6 mole 6 mole
6 – 4.5 0 1.5 mole
1.5 mole
left formed
amount excess 1 .5
% excess of excess reagent = amount required × 100 = × 100 = 33.3%
4 .5
gy- 3X + 4Y  X3 Y4
6 eksy 6 eksy
6 – 4.5 0 1.5 eksy
1.5 eksy
'ks"k cus
1 .5
vkf/kD; vfHkdeZd dk vkf/kD; % = × 100 = × 100 = 33.3%
4 .5
4. Equal weight of Chromium and Oxygen are allowed to combine with each other to produce Cr2O3. Identify the
correct statement(s) : [M]
(A) No mass of Chromium and Oxygen is left unreacted and the mass of Cr2O3 produced is double the mass
of Chromium taken initially.
(B*) Chromium metal is the limiting reagent.
(C*) The fraction of excess reagent left unreacted is 7/13.
(D*) The mass of Cr2O3 produced is 19/13 times the mass of oxygen taken initially.
Sol. 4 Cr + 3O2  2 Cr2O3
Mass w w
w w
moles
52 32

moles w w
st. coeff. 52  4 32  3
w w
208 96
 (LR)
w 3  w  w 3w
moles of O2 left unreacted = – = –
32 4  52  32 208
w 3w

32 208 7
 fraction of excess reagent left = w =
13
32
1  w  19 w
Mass of Cr2O3 produced = 
52
  152 =
2   13
19 19
 mass of Cr2O3 produced = w=  mass of oxygen taken initially..
13 13
5. If 27 g of Carbon is mixed with 88 g of Oxygen and is allowed to burn to produce CO2, then : [M]
(A*) Carbon and oxygen combine in mass ratio 3 : 8. (B) Oxygen is the limiting reagent.
(C*) Volume of CO2 gas produced at NTP is 50.4 L. (D*) Volume of unreacted O2 at STP is 11.2 L.
Sol. C + O2  CO2
mass 27 88
27 88
moles
12 32
moles 27 88
st. coeff. 12  1 32  1
= 2.25 = 2.75
(min) LR
27
Moles of CO2 produced = moles of C = = 2.25
12
 Volume of CO2 at STP = 2.25  22.4 = 50.4 L
Ratio of C and O in CO2 = 12 : 32 = 3 : 8
Moles of unreacted O2 = 2.75 – 2.25 = 0.5
 Volume of unreacted O2 at STP = 0.5  22.4 = 11.2 L
6. 5.4 g of Aluminium and 9.6 g of Oxygen are made to combine according to the following unbalanced reaction :
Al + O2  Al2O3 [M]
Then, select the correct option(s) :
(A) Oxygen is the limiting reagent.
(B*) 10.2 g of Al2O3 will be produced.
(C*) 0.15 moles of excess reagent are left behind.
(D) 0.4 moles of limiting reagent are more required to completely consume the extra amount of excess
reagent.
fuEu vlarqfyr vfHkfØ;k ds vuqlkj 5.4 g ,Y;qfefu;e o 9.6 g vkWDlhtu dks la;ksftr fd;k tkrk gS %
Al + O2  Al2O3
rc] lgh fodYi fuEu gS@gSa %
(A) vkWDlhtu lhekdkjh vfHkdeZd gSA
(B*) 10.2 g Al2O3 mRikfnr gksxkA
(C*) vkf/kD; esa fy;s x;s vfHkdeZd ds 0.15 eksy 'ks"k jg tk;saxsA
(D) vkf/kD; esa fy;s x;s vfHkdeZd dh vfrfjDr ek=kk dks iw.kZ :i ls dke esa ysus ds fy,] lhekdkjh vfHkdeZZd ds 0.4 eksy
vkSj vf/kd vko';d gSaA
Sol. 4Al + 3O2  2Al2O3
5 .4 9 .6 0 .2  2
Mole = 0.2 = 0.3 = 0.1
27 32 4

(LR)  m = 0.1 × 102 = 10.2 g.
0 .2  3
Moles of O2 reacted = = 0.15
4
 Moles of O2 (ER) left = 0.3 – 0.15 = 0.15.
To completely consume the extra amount of excess reagent,
0.15  4
Extra moles of Al required = = 0.2 moles (According to stoichiometry).
3
gy 4Al + 3O2  2Al2O3

5 .4 9 .6 0 .2  2
eksy = 0.2 = 0.3 = 0.1
27 32 4
(LR)  m = 0.1 × 102 = 10.2 g.
0 .2  3
vfHkÑr O2 ds eksy = 4
= 0.15
 'ks"kcps O2 (ER) ds eksy = 0.3 – 0.15 = 0.15.

vkf/kD; esa fy;s x;s vfHkdeZd dh vfrfjDr ek=kk dks iw.kZ:i ls dke esa ysus ds fy,]
0.15  4
Al ds vko';d vfrfjDr eksy = = 0.2 eksy (jllehdj.kferh ds vuqlkj).
3
7. For the reaction [M]

X+Y   X4 Y6
X4 Y6 + Z  X4 Y6Z2
If reaction is started with 2 mole of X, 4 moles of Y & 3 moles of Z then.
(A*) 1 mole of Y is left (B) 0.5 mole of X4Y6 is left
(C*) 33.33 % of Z is reacted (D*) 0.5 mole of X4Y6Z2 are formed
fuEu vfHkfØ;k ds fy;s

X + Y  X4 Y6
X4 Y6 + Z  X4 Y6Z2
;fn vfHkfØ;k X ds 2 eksy] Y ds 4 eksy rFkk Z ds 3 eksy ysdj izkjEHk djs rc &
(A*) Y dk 1 eksy cpsxkA (B) X4Y6 dk 0.5 eksy cpsxkA
(C*) Z dk 33.33 % fØ;k djsxkA (D*) X4Y6Z2 dk 0.5 eksy cusxkA
Sol. 4 X + 6 Y  X4Y6
X  L.R
X4Y6 (formed)  0.5 mole
X4Y6 + 2 Z  X4Y6Z2
0.5 3 0.5
LR = X4Y6
8. What volume of 0.5 M HCl should be mixed with 500 ml of 0.2 M Barium hydroxide solution, so that the
molarity of the excess reagent in the final solution comes out to be 0.125 M ? [M]
0.5 M HCl dk fdruk vk;ru 500 ml, 0.2 M csjh;e gkbMªksDlkbM ds foy;u esa feyk;k tk;s ftlls vkf/kD; fØ;kdkjd
dh eksyjrk 0.125 M gks tk;s ?
(A*) 100 ml (B) 33.33 ml (C) 300 ml (D*) 700 ml
Sol. Ba(OH)2 + 2HCl  BaCl2 + 2H2O
0.2  0.5 VL, 0.5 M
= 0.1 moles
Case 1 Ba(OH)2 is LR
0.5 VL  0.2
nHCl (left) = 0.5 – 2  0.1VT = 0.5 + VL  0.5  VL = 0.125  VL = 0.7 L = 700 ml
Case 2 HCl is LR
0.5 VL
nBa(OH)2 left = 0.5 – Vtotal = 0.5 + VL
2
0.1  0.25 VL
 0.5  VL = 0.125  VL = 0.1 L = 100 ml

9. An equimolar mixture of CO and O2 is exploded to produce CO2. Which of the following is/are correct ? [T]
(A*) The initial V.D. of the mixture is 15.
(A*) feJ.k dk izkjfEHkd ok-?k- 15 gSA
(D) vfUre feJ.k esa CO2 dk eksy % 50% gSA
Sol. L.R.
2CO + O2  2CO2
1 1
Mmix 1 28  1 32 60
2 (1  1)  2 22
1 1
2 2
1
1  0 .5
A/R
MTC
1. Column-I Column-II [T]

Unbalanced Reactions Characteristics
(A) H2(g) + O2(g)  H2O () (p) Limiting reagent is O2.
1 mole H2 is mixed with 64 g of O2
(B) CS2() + O2(g)  SO2(g) + CO2(g) (q) 50% of excess reagent is left after
completion of reaction.
152 g CS2 is mixed with 22.4 L of O2 gas at STP
(C) C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g) (r) Product (s) occupy a volume of 22.4 L
at STP.
24 g Carbon is mixed with 1gram-molecule of O2
(D) NO(g) + O2(g)  NO2(g) (s) No reactants are left behind after
2 NA molecules of NO are mixed with 1 mole O2
(t) The products formed contain a total of
3 NA atoms.
dkWye-I dkWye-II
vlarqfyr vfHkfØ;k,¡ vfHkyk{kf.kd
(A) H2(g) + O2(g)  H2O () (p) lhekar vfHkdeZd O2 gSA
1 eksy H2 dks 64 g O2 ds lkFk fefJr fd;k tkrk gSA
(B) CS2() + O2(g)  SO2(g) + CO2(g) (q) vfHkfØ;kiw.kZ gksus ds i'pkr~ 50% vkf/kD;
152 g CS2 dks STP ij 22.4 L O2 ds lkFk fefJr fd;k tkrk gSA vfHkdeZd 'ks"k cp tkrk gSA
(C) C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g) (r) mRikn] STP ij 22.4 L vk;ru ?ksjrs gaSA
24 g dkcZu dks O2 ds 1 xzke v.kq ds lkFk fefJr fd;k tkrk gSA
(D) NO(g) + O2(g)  NO2(g) (s) vfHkfØ;k ds iw.kZ gksus ds i'pkr~ dksbZ
NO ds 2NA v.kq dks 1 eksy O2 ds lkFk fefJr fd;k tkrk gSA vfHkdkjd 'ks"k ugha cprk gSA
(t) cuk;s x;s mRikn] dqy 3 NA ijek.kq j[krs
\\server-1\Session 2014-15\JEE (ADVANCED)\CHEMISTRY\Section Wise Test Bank 14-15\Physical
gSAa Page # 15
Ans. (A - t) ; (B - p,r, t) ; (C - p,q,r,t) ; (D - s)
Sol. (A) 2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O ()
64
1 mole  2 mole 1 mole
32
(LR)
2  0 .5
% of excess reagent left =  100 = 75%
2
Volume of 1 mole of H2O () formed at STP  22.4 L (Since it is valid only for gases)
Total number of atoms in the product formed = 1 × NA × 3 = 3 NA (t)
(B) CS2() + 3O2(g)  2SO2(g) + CO2(g)
152 22.4 2 1
= 2 mole  1 mole mole mole
76 22.4 3 3
(LR) (p)
1
2
% of excess reagent left = 3  100 = 83.33 %
2
Volume of 1 mole gases formed at STP = 22.4 L (r)
2 1
Total number of atoms in the product formed = × NA × 3 + × NA × 3 = 3 NA (t)
3 3
(C) C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g)
24
= 2 mole 1 mole 1 mole
12
(LR) (p)
2 1
% of excess reagent left =  100 = 50% (q)
2
Volume of 1 mole gas formed at STP = 22.4 L (r)
(D) 2NO(g) + O2(g)  2NO2(g)
2 NA
NA = 2 mole 1 mole 2 mole
Volume of 2 mole gas formed at STP = 44.8 L

No reactants are left behind after completion of reaction. (s)
Total number of atoms in the product formed = 2 × NA × 3 = 6 NA
gy (A) 2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O ()

64
1 eksy  2 mole 1 eksy
32
(LR)
2  0 .5
vkf/kD; esa fy;s x;s vfHkdeZd ds 'ks"k cps Hkkx dk % =  100 = 75%
2
STP ij cuk;s x;s 1 eksy H2O () dk vk;ru  22.4 L (pwafd ;g dsoy xSlksa ds fy, ekU; gS)
cuk;s x;s mRikn esa ijek.kqvksa dh dqy la[;k = 1 × NA × 3 = 3 NA (t)
(B) CS2() + 3O2(g)  2SO2(g) + CO2(g)
152 22.4 2 1
= 2 eksy  1 mole eksy eksy
76 22.4 3 3
(LR) (p)
1
2
vkf/kD; esa fy;s x;s vfHkdeZd ds 'ks"k cps Hkkx dk % = 3  100 = 83.33 %
2
STP ij cuk;s x;s xSlksa dk vk;ru = 22.4 L (r)

2 1
cuk;s x;s mRikn esa ijek.kqvksa dh dqy la[;k = 3
× NA × 3 + × NA × 3 = 3 NA (t)
3
(C) C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g)
24
= 2 eksy 1 eksy 1 eksy
12
(LR) (p)
2 1
vkf/kD; esa fy;s x;s vfHkdeZd ds 'ks"k cps Hkkx dk % =  100 = 50% (q)
2
STP ij cuk;s x;s 1 eksy xSl dk vk;ru = 22.4 L (r)
cuk;s x;s mRikn esa ijek.kqvksa dh dqy la[;k= 1 × NA × 3 = 3 NA (t)
(D) 2NO(g) + O2(g)  2NO2(g)
2 NA
NA = 2 eksy 1 eksy 2 eks y
STP ij cuk;s x;s 2 eksy xSlksa dk vk;ru = 44.8 L
vfHkfØ;k ds iw.kZ gksus ds i'pkr,dksbZ vfHkdkjd 'ks"k ugha cprk gSA
cuk;s x;s mRikn esa ijek.kqvksa dh dqy la[;k = 2 × NA × 3 = 6 NA
Comprehension :
421
3
oxide, UxOy.
421
3

(A) U2O5 (B) U6O16 (C*) U3O8 (D) U3O7
0.119 5  10 4
Mole = Mole =
238 x
5  10 4
= 5  10–4 m=  (238x + 16y)
x

5  10 4 421
 (238x + 16y) =  10–3
x 3
0.119 5  10 4
eksy = eksy =
238 x
5  10 4
= 5  10–4 m=  (238x + 16y)
x
5  10 4 421
 (238x + 16y) =  10–3
x 3

(A) 5 (B*) 6 (C) 7 (D) 9
(394 + 18z) g UO2(NO3)2.zH2O  394 g UO2(NO3)2
On solving, z = 6.
(394 + 18z) g UO2(NO3)2.zH2O  394 g UO2(NO3)2
gy djus ij z = 6.

A mixture of 32 g of oxygen and 6 g of hydrogen is heated to the formation of H2O(g). The reaction is :
2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O (g) : The H2O hence formed is liquified and is treated with 1 mole anhydrous
copper sulphate
CuSO4 + 5H2O  CuSO4 . 5H2O
(anhydrous)
Answer the following :
32 g vkWDlhtu rFkk 6 g gkbMªkstu ds feJ.k dks xeZ djus ij H2O(g) curh gSA vfHkfØ;k fuEu gSA
2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O (g) : bl izdkj fufeZr H2O nzohÑr gksrk gS rFkk bls fQj 1 eksy vuknz CuSO4
ls fØ;k djkrs gSA
(vuknz)
fuEu ds mÙkj nhft, :
[Made By SSD Sir-2010_Topic : Mole-1]
3. What will be the maximum amount of H2O produced by given reaction : [M] (Mole Concept--1)
nh xbZ vfHkfØ;k esa H2O dh vf/kdre fdruh ek=kk curh gS :
(A) 38 g (B) 54 g (C*) 36 g (D) 18 g
Sol. 2H2 + O2 2H2O
moles 3 1
LR  O2
n O2 nH2O
=
1 2
nH2O = 2 × nO 2 = 2 × 1 = 2
wt. of H2O = 2 × 18 = 36g
4. Mass of CuSO4. 5H2O produced is : (Cu = 63.5) [M] [Mole Concept-1]

mRikfnr CuSO4. 5H2O dk nzO;eku gS : (Cu = 63.5) [Mole Concept-1]

(A) 41g (B) 88g (C*) 99.8 g (D) 249.5 g
Sol. CuSO4 + 5H2O  CuSO4. 5H2O
1 mole 2mole
H2O is L.R.
2
 moles of CuSO4. 5H2O produced = mole
5
 mass of CuSO4. 5H2O = 249.5 × 0.4 = 99.8g
2
 mRikfnr CuSO4. 5H2O ds eksy = mole
5
 mRikfnr CuSO4. 5H2O ds eksy = 249.5 × 0.4 = 99.8g

For a reaction ,d vfHkfØ;k ds fy,

aA + bB  cC + dD
Three students define different ways of calculating limiting reagents.
Student 1 : Calculate the minimum moles of 'A' needed to completely consume 'B', and if available amount
of 'A' exceeds what is needed then 'B' is limiting reagent otherswise 'A' will be limiting reagent.
Student 2 : Calculate the mole ratio(ratio of the moles initially taken of the reactants) of each reactant then
compare it to theoretical mole ratio(according to stochiometry of the reaction) if the theoretical ratio exceeds
ratio of moles actually taken then reactant in denominator will be limiting reagent.
Student 3 : Calculate the amount of product(any one of the product) that can be obtained if each reactant
is completely consumed and that reactant is limiting reagent which has produced least mass of products.
rhu fo|kfFkZ;ksa us lhekUr vfHkdkjd dh x.kuk djus ds fHkUu fHkUu rjhds crk;sA
fo|kFkhZ 1 : 'B' ds fn;s x;s eksyksa ls fØ;k djus ds fy;s vko';d 'A' ds U;wure eksyksa dh x.kuk dhft, ;fn 'A' dh mifLFkr
ek=kk vkf/kD; esa gS rks bldh dksbZ vko';drk ugha 'B' gh lhekUr vfHkdkjd gSA
fo|kFkhZ 2 : izR;sd fØ;kdkjd ds eksy vuqikr dh x.kuk djks rc lSf)UfUrd eksy vuqikr dh rqyuk djks ;fn lS)kfUrd
eksy vuqikr x.kuhr vuqikr ls vf/kd gks rc tks fØ;kdkjd gj (denominator) gksxkA ogh lhekUr vfHkdeZd gksxkA
fo|kFkhZ 3 : izkIr mRikn ds xzke dh x.kuk djks ;fn izR;sd vfHkdkjd iw.kZr% iz;qDr gks rc og vfHkdkjd lkekUr vfHkdkjd
gksxk tks mRiknhr nzO;eku esa mRikn dk U;wure nzO;eku j[ksA
5. Which student(s) has/have defined limiting reagent correctly [M]

dkSulk@dkSuls fo|kkFkhZ lhekUr vfHkdeZd dks lgh ifjHkkf"kr djrk@djrsa gSaA
(A) Student – 1 (B) Student – 2 (C) Student – 3 (D*) All are correct lHkh lgh gSa
6. If student 1 in first experiment finds that when 1 mole of 'A' reacted with excess of reagent 'B' and in second
experiment when 1 mole of 'B' reacted with excess of reagent 'A' then in the later experiment mass of the
product produced was greater then which should be the limiting reagent ? [M]
;fn fo|kFkhZ 1 us ik;k fd tc 'A' ds 10g dh fØ;k vfHkdkjd 'B' ds vkf/kD; ds lkFk djrs gSa vkSj 'B' ds 10 g dh fØ;k
vfHkdkjd 'A' ds lkFk vkf/kD; esa nks vyx vyx iz;ksx djrs gSa iz;ksxksa ds ckn tks mRikn dk T;knk nzO;eku mRikfnr djs
ogh lhekUr vfHkdkjd gksuks pkfg;sA og gSA
(A*) A (B) B (C) None dksbZ ugha (D) Cannot be predicted fu/kkZjhr ugha fd;k
tk ldrk
7. If initially 'x' mols of 'A' are taken with 'y' mols of 'B'. Which of the following is correct - [M]
;fn 'A' ds x eksy, 'B' ds y eksy fØ;k djrs gSa rc fuEu esa ls dkSulk lgh gSA
a x a x
(i) If = no reactant is left over (ii) If > y then 'B' reactant is llimiting reagent
b y b
a x x a
(iii) If < y then 'B' is limiting reagent (iv) If y > 'A' is limiting reagent.
b b
a x a x
(i) ;fn = gks rc dkbZ fØ;kdkjd ugha cpsxkA (ii) ;fn > y rc 'B' vfHkdkjd lhekUr vfHkdeZd gksxkA
b y b

a x x a
(iii) ;fn < y rc 'B' lhekUr vfHkdeZd gksxkA (iv) ;fn y > rc 'A' lekUr vfHkdeZd gksxkA .
b b
(A) i & iv (B*) i & iii (C) Only i (D) i , ii & iv

Following steps of reactions occur in a container starting with one mole of K4[Fe(CN)6], 5 mole of H2SO4 and
enough water. All reactions occur with 100% yield.
(i) K4Fe(CN)6 + 3H2SO4  2K2SO4 + FeSO4 + 6HCN
(ii) 6HCN + 12H2O  6HCOOH + 6NH3
(iii) 6NH3 + 3H2SO4  3(NH4)2 SO4
(iv) 6HCOOH 

6CO + 6H2O
,d eksy K4[Fe(CN)6], 5 eksy H2SO4 ,oa ty dh i;kZIr ek=kk ds lkFk ,d vfHkfØ;k fuEu inksa esa lEiUu gksrh gSA lHkh
vfHkfØ;k,a 100% yfC/k ls gksrh gSA
(iii) 6NH3 + 3H2SO4  3(NH4)2 SO4

(iv) 6HCOOH  6CO + 6H2O
Answer the following
fuEu dk mÙkj nhft;sA
8. The limiting reagent in step (iii) is : [M]

(A) NH3 (B*) H2SO4
(C) Both (D) No one is limiting reagent
in (iii) esa lhekUrdkjh dkjd (limiting reagent) gS :
(A) NH3 (B*) H2SO4 (C) nksuks (D) dksbZ Hkh lhekUrdkjh ugha
Sol. (i) K4Fe (CN)6 + 3H2SO4  2K2SO4 + FeSO4 + 6 HCN
1 mole 5 mole
after reaction 0 5 – 3 = 2 mole 2 mole 1 mole 6 mole
L.R. is K4Fe(CN)6
(ii) 6 HCN + 12H2O  6 HCOOH + 6 NH3

6 mole
after reaction 0 6 mole 6 mole
L.R. is HCN
(iii) 6 NH3 + 3H2SO4  3(NH4)2SO4

6 mole 2 mole
6 – 4 = 2 mole 0 2 mole (after reaction)
L.R. is H2SO4
In reaction (iii) mole of H2SO4 = mole of H2SO4 left in reaction (i)
(iv) 6HCOOH 
 6 CO + H2 O
6 mole
Mole of HCOOH = mole of HCOOH formed in reaction (ii)

In reaction (iii) limiting reagent is H2SO4

1 eksy 5 eksy
vfHkfØ;k ds i'pkr~ 0 5 – 3 = 2 eksy 2 eksy 1 eksy 6 eksy
K4Fe(CN)6 L.R. gSA

(ii) 6 HCN + 12H2O  6 HCOOH + 6 NH3
6 eksy
vfHkfØ;k ds i'pkr~ 0 6 eksy 6 eksy
HCN L.R. gSA
(iii) 6 NH3 + 3H2SO4  3(NH4)2SO4

6 eksy 2 eksy
6 – 4 = 2 eksy 0 2 eksy (vfHkfØ;k ds i'pkr~)
H2SO4 L.R. gSA
vfHkfØ;k (iii) eas H2SO4 ds eksy = vfHkfØ;k (i) esa 'ks"k cps H2SO4 ds eksy
(iv) 6HCOOH 
 6 CO + H2 O
6 eksy
HCOOH ds eksy = vfHkfØ;k (ii) esa cuk;s x;s HCOOH ds eksy

vfHkfØ;k (iii) esa lhekUr vfHkdeZd H2SO4 gSA
9. Maximum number of moles of CO (g) and (NH4)2 SO4 that can be formed by given reactions are respectively:
[M]
(A) 3 and 6 (B*) 6 and 2 (C) 6 and 3 (D) 2 and 6
CO (g) rFkk (NH4)2 SO4 ds cuus okys vf/kdre eksy Øe'k% gksxsa %
(A) 3 rFkk 6 (B*) 6 rFkk 2 (C) 6 rFkk 3 (D) 2 rFkk 6
Sol. Mole of CO = 6 mole
Mole of (NH4)2SO4 = 2mole
CO ds eksy = 6 eksy
(NH4)2SO4 ds eksy = 2 eksy

Following reaction sequence is given :
2A + B  A2B (1)
2A2B + B  A4B3 (2)
(2) reaction starts after (1) reaction is finished.
fuEu vfHkfØ;k vuqØe fn;s x;s gSa %

2A + B  A2B (1)
2A2B + B  A4B3 (2)
vfHkfØ;k (1) ds iw.kZ gksus dss i'pkr~ vfHkfØ;k (2) izkjEHk gksrh gSA
10. If 10 moles of A and 7.5 moles of B are taken in a flask, then moles of A4B3 produced in reaction are :
[E]
;fn ,d ¶ykLd esa 10 eksy A o 7.5 eksy B fy;s tkrs gSa] rks vfHkfØ;k esa mRikfnr A4B3 ds eksy fuEu gSa %
(A) 1 (B) 1.5 (C) 2 (D*) 2.5
11. Mass of A2B left in above reaction sequence (molar mass of A = 24 g/mol and molar mass of B = 16 g/mol.)
[E]
mijksDr vfHkfØ;k vuqØe esa 'ks"k cpk A2B dk nzO;eku fuEu gS %
(A dk eksyj nzO;eku = 24 g/mol rFkk B dk eksyj nzO;eku = 16 g/mol.)
(A*) 0 (B) 1 (C) 1.5 (D) 2

Sol. (45 to 46 sol.)
L.R.
2A + B  A2B
10 7.5 5 mole
B left = 7.5 – 5
=2.5
2A2B + B  A4B3 (No L.R.)
5 2.5 2.5
moles of A4B3 produced (mRikfnr A4B3 ds eksy) = 2.5
moles of A2B left ('ks"k cps A2B ds eksy) = 0
T/F
1. S1 : Limiting reagent has the least mass among all the reactants available for a reaction.

S2 : Limiting reagent has the least moles among all the reactants available for a reaction.
S3 : Limiting reagent has either the least mass or the least moles among all the reactants available for a
reaction.
S4 : Limiting reagent produces the minimum amount of a product in comparison to all the other reactants
available (while producing compound from a particular reactant, assume all other reactants to be present in
excess).
S1 : vfHkfØ;k esa miyC/k lHkh vfHkdeZdksa dh rqyuk esa lhekdkjh vfHkdeZd dk Hkkj lcls de gksrk gSA
S2 : vfHkfØ;k esa miyC/k lHkh vfHkdeZdksa dh rqyuk esa lhekdkjh vfHkdeZd ds eksy lcls de gksrs gSaA
S3 : vfHkfØ;k esa miyC/k lHkh vfHkdeZdksa dh rqyuk esa ;k rks lhekdkjh vfHkdeZd dk Hkkj ;k fQj blds eksy lcls de
gksrs gSaA
S4 : lhekdkjh vfHkdeZd vU; miyC/k vfHkdeZdksa dh rqyuk esa mRikn dh U;wure ek=kk mRiUu djrk gSA ¼fdlh fuf'pr
vfHkdeZd ls mRikn cukrs gq, ;g ekusa fd vU; lHkh vfHkdeZd vkf/kD; esa mifLFkr gSa½
(A) TTFT (B) TTTT (C) TFTF (D*) FFFT
Sol. Limiting reagent may neither have the least mass nor the least moles among all the reactants available.
lhekdkjh vfHkdeZd ds] lHkh miyC/k vfHkdeZdksa dh rqyuk esa] uk rks lcls de Hkkj] uk gh lcls de eksy gksrs gSaA
2. Limiting reagent must have the least moles among all the reactants available in a chemical reaction. [E]
lhekUr vfHkdeZd] ,d jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k esa mifLFkr lHkh vfHkdkjdksa esa lcls de eksy j[kus okyk gksrk gSA
Ans. False
Sol. Limiting reagent may neither have the least mass nor the least moles among all the reactants available in a
chemical reaction.
Sol. ,d jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k esa miyC/k lHkh vfHkdkjdksa esa lhekdkjh vfHkdeZd] u rks U;wure nzO;eku vkSj uk gh U;wure Hkkj
j[k ldrk gSA
3. If equal masses of aluminium and oxygen are made to combine to produce Al2O3, then aluminium will be the
limiting reagent. [T]
;fn ,Y;qfefu;e o vkWDlhtu ds leku nzO;eku dks la;ksftr gksdj Al2O3 cukus fn;k tkrk gS] rks ;gk¡ ,Y;qfefu;e lhekUr
vfHkdeZd vFkok lhekdkjh vfHkdeZd gksxkA
Ans. True
Sol. 4Al + 3O2  2Al2O3
Mass m m
Mole 27m  32m 
mole m m
st. coeff . 274 323
m 
 108  96m 
(LR)

Sol. 4Al + 3O2  2Al2O3
nzO;eku m m
eksy 27m  32m 

eksy
jllehd j.kferh m m
xq.kkad 274 323
m 
 108  96m 
(LR)
 Given number of moles 

4. Among various reactants, the limiting reagent has the minimum value of  Stoichiometric coeff .  according
 
to balanced chemical equation. [M]
 eksy 
fofHkUu vfHkdkjdksa esa] lhekdkjh vfHkdeZd dk] larqfyr jklk;fud lehdj.k ds vuqlkj]   dk eku
 jlleh
d j.kferh xq.kkad 
U;wure gksrk gSA
Ans. T lR;
Sol. Refer notes.
gy uksV~l dks ns[ksa A
5. If reacting species in a reaction are not taken in their stoichiometric coefficient ratio then one of the reactant
will be limiting reagent. [E]
;fn vfHkfØ;k esa fØ;kdkjh Lih'kht dks jllehdj.kfefr xq.kkadksa ds vuqikr esa ugh fy;k tk;s] rc muesa ls ,d fØ;kdkjd
lhekdkjh vfHkdeZd gksxkA
Ans. True lR;
6. Equal wt. of carbon and oxygen are taken to produce CO2 then O2 is limiting reagent. [E]
dkcZu rFkk vkWDlhtu ds leku Hkkj ysdj CO2 cuk;k tkrk gSa rc O2 lhekad vfHkdeZd gksrk gSA
Ans. True
Sol. C + O2  CO2
W W
W W
12 32
O2 is L.R. (O2 L.R. gSA)
Single Integer :
1. KO2 + H2O  KOH + H2O2 + O2 [M]

28.4 g KO2, when treated with excess H2O, gives only 0.34 g H2O2 according to the above reaction.
Determine the % yield of H2O2.
KO2 + H2O  KOH + H2O2 + O2

28.4 g KO2 dh tc H2O ds vkf/kD; ds lkFk fØ;k djkrs gSa] rks ;g fuEu vfHkfØ;k ds vuqlkj dsoy 0.34 g H2O2 cukrk
gSA H2O2 dh % yfCèk ¼çkfIr½ Kkr djksA
Ans. 5
Sol. 2KO2 + 2H2O  2KOH + H2O2 + O2
28.4
Moles of KO2 = = 0.4
71
moles of KO2 mole of H2O2
 =
2 1
0 .4 mole of H2O2
 =
2 1
mole of H2O2 = 0.2  mass of H2O2 (theoritical) = 0.2 × 34 = 6.8 g
mass of H2O 2 produced (actual ) 0.34
% yield =  100 =  100 = 5 %.
mass of H2O 2 produced ( theoretica l) 6 .8
gy 2KO2 + 2H2O  2KOH + H2O2 + O2
28.4
KO2 ds eksy = = 0.4
71
KO 2 d seksy H2O 2 d seks
y
 =
2 1
0 .4 H O d seks
y
 = 2 2
2 1
H2O2 ds eksy = 0.2  H2O2 dk nzO;eku (lS)kfUrd) = 0.2 × 34 = 6.8 g
mRikfnr H2O2 d k Hkkj ¼okLrfod ½ 0.34
% yfC/k = mRikfnr H O d k Hkkj ¼lS) kfUrd ½ 100 =  100 = 5 %.
2 2 6 .8
2. The given reaction is an important step in Ostwald’s method for manufacturing of HNO3. If we start with 6.8
g of NH3 and 40 g of O2, then what mass % of excess reagent will be left behind ? Report your answer as
Mass % of excess reagent left behind
'Y' where Y = . [T]
10
4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O

HNO3 ds fuekZ.k ds fy, vkWLVokYM fof/k esa uhps nh xbZ vfHkfØ;k ,d egRoiw.kZ in gSA ;fn ge vfHkfØ;k] 6.8 g NH3 o
40 g O2 ls izkjEHk djrs gksa] rks vkf/kD; esa fy;s x;s vfHkdeZd dk fdruk % 'ks"k jg tk;sxk \ vius mÙkj dks 'Y' ds :i
vkf/kD; es
afy ; sx; svfHkd eZd d k ' ks"k Hkkj %
esa Hkjsa] tgk¡ Y = .
10
4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O

Ans. 6
Sol. 4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O
6. 8 40
Mole 17 32
= 0.4 = 1.25
mole 0 .4 1.25
st. coeff . 4 5
= 0.1 = 0.25
0 .4  5
(LR) Moles reacted = = 0.5
4
So, Moles left = 0.75
(mO2 )left 0.75  32
 % of excess reagent left = (m ) × 100 = × 100 = 60
O2 initial 40
Therefore, ans is 6.
Sol. 4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O
6. 8 40
eksy 17 32
= 0.4 = 1.25
eksy
jllehd j.kferh 0 .4 1.25
xq.kkad 4 5
= 0.1 = 0.25
0 .4  5
(LR) vfHkd`r eksy = = 0.5 blfy,] 'ks"k cps eksy = 0.75
4
(mO 2 )'ks
"k 0.75  32
 vkf/kD; esa cps vfHkdeZd dk % = (mO2 )iz
kjEHk
× 100 = × 100 = 60 vr% mÙkj 6 gSA
40

3._ 5 moles of A and 6 moles of Z are mixed with sufficient amount of C to produce final product F. Find the
maximum number of moles of F which can be produced. Assume that the product formed can also be
reused. Balanced reactions involved are : [M]
A + 2Z  B ; B + C  Z + F
Ans. 5
Sol. A + 2Z  B
5mol 6mol
2mol L.R. 3mol
B + C  Z + F
3mol 3mol 3mol
Again A + 2Z  B
2mol 3mol 1.5mol
0.5mol L.R.
B + C  Z + F
1.5mol 1.5mol 1.5mol
L.R. 0.5mol
B + C  Z + F
Total moles of ‘F’ formed = 3 + 1.5 + 0.5 = 5 mol.
4. Consider the reaction of oxide of a hypothetical element X : [M]

X2O5 + CO  X2O3 + CO2 (unbalanced)
If the percentage yield of this reaction is 20%, what mass of Carbon monoxide (in kg) is required to produce
10 moles of X2O3?
Report your answer, rounding it off to the nearest whole number .
,d dkYifud rRo X ds vkWDlkbM dh vfHkfØ;k dk voyksdu dhft;s :
X2O5 + CO  X2O3 + CO2 (vlarqfyr)
;fn bl vfHkfØ;k dh izfr'kr yfC/k 20% gks] rks 10 eksy X2O3 mRikfnr djus ds fy, dkcZu eksuksvkWDlkbM dk D;k nzO;eku
(kg esa) vko';d gS?
vkidk mÙkj fudVre iw.kkZad esa nhft;sA
Ans. 3
Sol. X2O5 + 2CO  X2O3 + 2CO2
nactual = 10
100
 nexpected = 10  = 50
20
50  2
 nCO required = = 100 moles.
1
 mCO required = 100 × 28 = 2800 g
= 2.8 kg  3 kg
gy X2O5 + 2CO  X2O3 + 2CO2
nokLrfod = 10
100
 nvk'kkfUor = 10  = 50
20
50  2
 nCO vko';d = = 100 moles.
1
 mCO vko';d = 100 × 28 = 2800 g
= 2.8 kg  3 kg
5. Consider the following unbalanced reactions : [M]

A2 + B3  A2B + B2
A2 B + C2  AC + BC2
AC + B2  A2B + BC2
Calculate number of moles of BC2 formed if initially two mole of A2 and 10 moles each of B3 and C2 were
taken . Assume that reactions proceed to completion.
fuEufyf[kr vlarqfyr vfHkfØ;kvksa ij fopkj dhft, %
A2 + B3  A2B + B2
A2 B + C2  AC + BC2
AC + B2  A2B + BC2

;fn çkjEHk esa A2 ds nks eksy rFkk B3 o C2 çR;sd ds 10 eksy fy;s x, gks rks mRikn BC2 ds eksyksa dh la[;k ifjdfyr
dhft,A eku yhft, fd lHkh vfHkfØ;k,¡ iw.kZr% lEiUu gksrh gSA
Ans. 4 moles eksy
Sol. A2 + B3  A2B + B2
2 mol 10 mol 2 mol 2 mol
A2 B + 2 C2  2AC + BC2
2AC + B2  A2B + BC2
Total moles of BC2 formed = 4 mol.
fufeZr BC2 ds dqy eksy = 4 eksyA
6. What mass (in kg) of a 60 % pure sample of Fe2(SO4)3 would contain 6 moles of Fe2(SO4)3 ? [M]
Fe2(SO4)3 ds 60 % 'kq) uewus ds fdrus Hkkj (kg esa) dh vko';drk gksxh] tks Fe2(SO4)3 ds 6 eksy j[krk gks :
Ans. 4
Sol. Moles of Fe2(SO4)3 required = 6
 Mass of pure Fe2(SO4)3 required = 6 × 400 = 2400 g
100
 Mass of 60 % pure Fe2(SO4)3 required = 2400 × = 4000 g = 4 Kg.
60
gy Fe2(SO4)3 ds vko';d eksy = 6
 'kq) Fe2(SO4)3 dk vko';d Hkkj = 6 × 400 = 2400 g
100
 60 % 'kq) Fe2(SO4)3 dk vko';d Hkkj = 2400 × = 4000 g = 4 Kg.
60
7. For the reaction : A + 2B  C [E]

5 mole of A and 8 mole of B will produce, how many moles of C ?
vfHkfØ;k : A + 2B  C
esa 5 eksy A rFkk 8 eksy B vkil esa fØ;k djds C ds fdrus eksy mRiUu djsaxs \
Ans. 4
Sol. A + 2B  C
5 8
5 8
(B is L.R) (B, L.R gS)
1 2
From mole–mole analysis eksy&eksy fo'ys"k.k ls
8 nC
=
2 1
8. 5 moles of A and 6 moles of Z are mixed with sufficient amount of C to produce final product F. Find the
5 eksy A o 6 eksy Z, C dh i;kZIr ek=kk ds lkFk fefJr gksdj vfUre mRikn F cukrs gSA F ds eksyksa dh vf/kdre la[;k Kkr
dhft, tks fd mRikfnr gks ldrh gSA ;g ekudj fd cuk;s x;s mRikn dks iqu% iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gSA lEcfU/kr larqfyr
lehdj.k fuEu gSa %
A + 2Z  B ; B + C  Z + F
Ans. 5
Sol. A + 2Z  B
5mol 6mol
2mol L.R. 3mol
B + C  Z + F
3mol 3mol 3mol
2mol 3mol 1.5mol
0.5mol L.R.
B + C  Z + F
L.R. 0.5mol
B + C  Z + F
cuk;s x;s ‘F’ ds dqy eksy = 3 + 1.5 + 0.5 = 5 mol.
Double Integer :
g of NH3 and 40 g of O2, then what mass % of excess reagent will be left behind ? [M]
NH3 + O2  NO + H2O
HNO3 ds fuekZ.k ds fy, vksLVokWYM fof/k esa uhps nh xbZ vfHkfØ;k ,d egRoiw.kZ in gSA ;fn ge vfHkfØ;k] 6.8 g NH3 o
40 g O2 ls izkjEHk djrs gksa] rks vkf/kD; esa fy;s x;s vfHkdeZd dk fdruk % 'ks"k jg tk;sxk \
NH3 + O2  NO + H2O
Ans. 60
Sol. 4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O
6. 8 40
Mole 17 32
= 0.4 = 1.25
mole 0 .4 1.25
st. coeff . 4 5
= 0.1 = 0.25
0 .4  5
4
(mO2 )left 0.75  32
O2 initial 40
Sol. 4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O
6. 8 40
eksy 17 32
= 0.4 = 1.25
eksy
jl l ehd j.kferh 0 .4 1.25
xq.kkad 4 5
= 0.1 = 0.25
0 .4  5
(LR) vfHkd`r eksy = = 0.5
4
blfy,] 'ks"k cps eksy = 0.75

(mO 2 )'ks
"k 0.75  32
kjEHk
× 100 = × 100 = 60
40
Subjective :
1. A salt sample being analyzed contains 80% impurities by mass, out of which 80% are soluble in benzene.
The salt is insoluble in benzene. A given amount of salt sample is dissolved in benzene and then filtered and
dried. This residue on heating loses 25% of its mass. (Salt is non-volatile, does not vaporizes). [T]
(a) What is the mass % of impurity in final product obtained after heating the residue ?
(b) If the salt is KCl, then find the number of moles of Cl2 that can be evolved by the following reaction, if
initial mass of sample is 372.5 g. [8 + 2 = 10 Marks]
2KCl  2K + Cl2 
Ans (a) 26 % (b) 0.5 moles
Sol. (a) Let initial mass of sample = 100 g.
 salt + impurity
20 g 80 g
So, after filtering and drying,

we have = salt + impurity
20
= 20 g + ×80
100
= 20 g + 16 g = 36 g
On heating, 25% mass is lost, salt is non-volatile, so the mass is lost due to impurities.
25
 mass of impurity left = 16 – × 36 = 16 – 9 = 7 g
100
 mass of residue left = 20 + 7 = 27 g
7
 % of impurity = × 100 = 25.92 % 26 %
27
20
(b) Mass of KCl = × 372.5 = 74.5 g
100
74 .5
Moles of KCl = =1
74 .5
1
 Moles of Cl2 = moles.
2
2. If 7 g of CO is mixed with 8 g of O2 and made to combine to form CO2 gas, then identify which of the two
reactants is the limiting reagent. [M]
;fn 7 g CO dks 8 g O2 ds lkFk fefJr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk ;s nksuksa la;ksftr gksdj CO2 xSl cukrs gSa] rks crkb;s fd nksuksa
esa ls lhekar vfHkdeZd dkSulk gSA
Ans. CO
Sol. 2CO + O2  2CO2
Mole 0.25 0.25
Clearly, CO is the limiting reagent.
Li"Vr%] CO lhekUr vfHkdeZd gSA
3. Sodium carbonate reacts with aqueous HCl to give NaCl and CO2 according to the reaction : [M]
Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl (aq)  2NaCl (aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
What mass of CO2 gas (in g) is produced on mixing 5.3 g Na2CO3 solid with 100 mL of 0.5 M HCl solution?
[4]
lksfM;e dkcksZusV] tyh; HCl ds lkFk fØ;k djds fuEu lehdj.k ds vuqlkj NaCl rFkk CO2 nsrk gS %

0.5 M HCl foy;u ds 100 mL ds lkFk 5.3 g Na2CO3 Bksl dks fefJr djus ij CO2 xSl dk fdruk nzO;eku (g esa) mRikfnr
gksrk gS \ [4]
Ans. 1.1 g
Sol. Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl (aq)  2NaCl (aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
5 .3
Mole =0.05 0.5×0.1=0.05
106
(L.R.)
 nCO produced (mRikfnr) = 0.05/2 = 0.025.
2
 mCO produced (mRikfnr) = 0.025 × 44 = 1.1 g.
2
4. Calculate the maximum amount of carbon dioxide that could be produced and write the limiting reagent in
each case : [E]
(a) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in air (excess of oxygen).
(b) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in 16 g of dioxygen.
(c) 2 moles of carbon are burnt in 16 g of dioxygen. [2 + 2 + 2 = 6 Marks]
fn x;h] izR;sd ifjfLFkfr es]a mRiUu gksus okyh dkcZu MkbZvkWDlkbM dh vf/kdre ek=kk dh x.kuk dhft;s] rFkk lhekar vfHkdeZd
Hkh fyf[k;s %
(a) ok;q esa ¼vkWDLkhtu dk vkf/kD;½ dkcZu ds 1 eksy dk nguA
(b) vkWDlhtu ds 16 g esa] dkcZu ds 1 eksy dk nguA
(c) vkWDlhtu ds 16 g esa] dkcZu ds 2 eksy dk nguA [2 + 2 + 2 = 6 Marks]
Ans. (a) L.R. = C, CO2 = 44 g, (b) L.R. = O2, CO2 = 22 g, (c) L.R. = O2, CO2 = 22 g
Sol. The balanced equation for the combustion of carbon in dioxygen or air is :
C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g)
(32 g) (44 g)
(a) In air, combustion of carbon is complete and limiting reagent = carbon (C)
Hence, 1 mole of carbon on combustion produces CO2 = 44 g
(b) As only 16 g of dioxygen is available, it is the limiting reactant.
44
Hence, CO2 produced = × 16 = 22 g
32
(c) Here again, dioxygen is the limiting reactant.
44
Therefore, CO2 produced from 16 g dioxygen = × 16 = 22 g
32
gy % MkbZvkWDlhtu vFkok ok;q mifLFkfr esa dkcZu ds ngu ds fy, larqfyr vfHkfØ;k fuEu gS %
C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g)
(32 g) (44 g)
(a) ok;q esa dkcZu dk lEiw.kZ ngu gksrk gS rFkk lhekUr vfHkdeZd = dkcZu (C)
blizdkj] 1 eksy dkcZu ds ngu ls mRiUu CO2 = 44 g
(b) pawfd dsoy 16 g MkbZvkWDLkhtu miyC/k gS vr% ;g lhekUr vfHkdeZd gSA
44
blizdkj] mRiUu CO2 = × 16 = 22 g
32
(c) ;gk¡] iqu% MkbZvkWDLkhtu lhekUr vfHkdeZd gSA
44
blizdkj] 16 g vkWDlhtu ls mRiUu CO2 = × 16 = 22 g
32
5. MnO2 is used in the production of KMnO4 as follows : [T]

80%
yield 2 4
90%
yield 4 2
What mass of MnO2 in grams will be required to produce 1.44 moles of KMnO4 ? [4 Marks]
KMnO4 ds mRiknu esa MnO2 dks fuEu izdkj ls iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gS %
80%
MnO2 + KNO2  K2MnO4 + NO
y fC/k
90%
K2MnO4 + H2O  KMnO4 + KOH + H2
y fC/k
1.44 eksy KMnO4 mRikfnr djus ds fy, MnO2 dk vko';d nzO;eku ¼xzke esa½ D;k gS \ [4 Marks]
Ans. 174 g
Sol. Let x moles of MnO2 will be required.
MnO2 + 2KNO2  K2MnO4 + 2NO
1
2
80
moles of K2MnO4 =  x = 0.8x mole
100
90
moles of KMnO4 = 0.8x  = 1.44 mole (given)
100
So, x = 2.
Thus, mass of MnO2 required = 2 × 87 = 174 g
Sol. ekuk fd x eksy MnO2 vko';d gksaxs.

1
2
80
K2MnO4 ds eksy =  x = 0.8x eksy
100
90
KMnO4 ds eksy = 0.8x  = 1.44 eksy (fn;k x;k gSA)
100
blfy,, x = 2.
bl izdkj, MnO2 dk vko';d nzO;eku = 2 × 87 = 174 g

SCQ
1. When an aqueous solution of AgNO3 is added to another aqueous solution of BaCl2, then precipitation of
AgCl occurs along with formation of Ba(NO3)2. If a solution containing p moles of AgNO3 is added to another
solution containing q moles of BaCl2 and if p > q, then which of the following ions is definitely not present in
the final solution : (Asume that compound getting precipitated does not produce any ions in solution)
(A) Ag+ (B) Cl– (C) Both Ag+ & Cl– (D*) Cannot be predicted
tc AgNO3 ds ,d tyh; foy;u dks BaCl2 ds ,d vU; tyh; foy;u esa feyk;k tkrk gS] rks Ba(NO3)2 ds cuus ds
lkFk&lkFk AgCl dk vo{ksi Hkh izkIr gksrk gSA ;fn p eksy AgNO3 ;qDr ,d foy;u dks q eksy BaCl2 ;qDr ,d foy;u
ds lkFk feyk;k tkrk gS rFkk ;fn p > q gks] rks ifj.kkeh foy;u esa fuEu esa ls dkSulk vk;u fuf'pr :i ls mifLFkr ugha
gksrk gS % ¼;g ekusa fd vo{ksfir gksus okyk ;kSfxd] foy;u esa dksbZ vk;u mRikfnr ugha djrk gS½
(A) Ag+ (B) Cl– (C) Ag+ o Cl– nksuksa (D*) dqN dgk ugha tk ldrk
Mole p q
Mole p
  q
st. coeff. 2
p
However, p > q, but it cannot be predicted that among and q, which is smaller. Hence, LR cannot be
2
predicted. Thus, which ion (Ag+ or Cl– or both) is definitely not present in the final solution, cannot be
predicted.
eksy p q
eksy p
 q
jllehd j.kfefr xq.kkad 2
p
;|fi, p > q, ysfdu ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk fd 2
o q esa dkSu NksVk gSA vr% LR ugha crk;k tk ldrk gSA bl izdkj]
ifj.kkeh foy;u esa tks Hkh vk;u (Ag+ vFkok Cl– vFkok nksuksa) fuf'pr :i ls vuqifLFkr gS] mlds ckjs esa dgk ugha tk ldrk
gSA
2. Hydrochloric acid solutions A and B have concentrations 0.5 N and 0.1 N respectively. The volumes of
solution A and solution B required to make a 2-litre solution of 0.2 N HCI are [E] (MOL)
(1*) 0.5 L of A and 1.5 L of B (2) 3.5 L of A and 0.5 L of B
(3) 1.0 L of A and 1.0 L of B (4) 0.75 L of A and 1.25 L of B
gkbMªkWDyksfjd vEy foy;u A rFkk B dh lkUnzrk Øe'k% 0.5 N rFkk 0.1 N gSA 0.2 N HCI ds 2 yhVj foy;u dks cukus
ds fy, foy;u A rFkk foy;u B dk vk;ru Øe'k% fuEu vko';d gSA
(1*) 0.5 L A o 1.5 L B (2) 3.5 L A o 0.5 L B
(3) 1.0 L A o 1.0 L B (4) 0.75 L A o 1.25 L B
3. A gaseous mixture of H2 and CO2 gas contains 88% by mass of CO2 . The vapour density of the mixture is:
(1) 19.48 (2) 11.5 (3*) 6.25 (4) Cannot be determined
(1) 19.48 (2) 11.5 (3*) 6.25 (4) Kkr ugha fd;k tk ldrk]
[M] (MOL(P))
88 12
44 2
Total mass 100
Mavg = = = 12.5  VD = 12.5/2 = 6.25
Total moles 8

88 12
44 2
d qy Hkkj 100
4. A 100 g pure sample of NaHCO3 was heated until 11.2 L of CO2(g) was collected at STP. What percentage
of the NaHCO3 had decomposed ? [M]
100 g, NaHCO3 ds ,d 'kq) uewus dks rc rd xeZ fd;k tkrk gS tc rd STP ij 11.2 L CO2 (g) ,df=kr u gks tk;sA
NaHCO3 dk fdruk % fo?kfVr gksxk \
(A) 50% (B) 42% (C*) 84% (D) 100% (E) 25%
Sol. 2NaHCO3 (s)  Na2CO3 (s) + H2O + CO2
100 11.2
n= nCO2 = = 0.5
84 22.4
i.e 84% NaHCO3 decomposed.
vFkkZr~ 84% NaHCO3 fo?kfVr gksxkA
yfC/k fuEu gS %
(A) 20% (B) 25% (C) 45% (D*) 35%
24 g 142 g
0.35
(L.R.) % Yield yfC/k = × 100 = 35%.
1
[M]
yksgs ds ,d VqdM+s esa tax yxus ds dkj.k Fe2O3 curk gS blls 16% Hkkj esas o`f) gksrh gSA fdruk izfr'kr yksgs esa tax yxrh
gSA
(A) 20% (B) 23.3% (C*) 37.3% (D) 31%
16
100
16
16
nFe 2
O 3
2 2
3 3
2
 56 112
= 3 × 100 = = 37.33%
100 3

16
100
16
16
nFe 2
O 3
2 2
3 3
2
 56 112
= 3 × 100 = = 37.33%
100 3
7. For the following balanced reaction : [M]

2X + 3Y + 4Z  5W
Initially 1 mole of X, 3 mole of Y and 4 mole of Z are taken. If 1.25 mole of W is obtained then percentage yield
of this reaction is :
(A*) 50% (B) 25% (C) 100% (D) 10%
fuEu lUrqfyr vfHkfØ;k ds fy,]

2X + 3Y + 4Z  5W
izkjEHk esa X dk 1 eksy, Y ds 3 eksy o Z ds 4 eksy ysrs gSA ;fn W ds 1.25 eksy izkIr gksrs gSa rc vfHkfØ;k dh izfr'kr yfC?k
gS %
(A*) 50% (B) 25% (C) 100% (D) 10%
Sol. 2X + 3Y + 4Z  5W
1 3 4
1 3 4
2 3 4
nx n 1 nw
x is limiting reagent. According to stiochimetry moles of w formed are = w ; =
2 5 2 5
nx n 1 n
x lhekUrdkjd gSA jllehdj.kehfr ds vuqlkj fufeZr w ds eksy gSa = w ; = w
2 5 2 5
5 1
nw = = 2.5
2
% yield of reaction (vfHkfØ;k dh % yfC/k) = 50%
8. For the reaction 2P + Q  3R, 12 mole of P and 5 mole of Q will produce : [M]
(A) 18 mole of R (B*) 15 mole of R (C) 16 mole of R (D) 17 mole of R
vfHkfØ;k 2P + Q  3R ls, P ds 12 eksy rFkk Q ds 5 eksy ysus ls cusaxs %
(A) R ds 18 eksy (B*) R ds 15 eksy (C) R ds 16 eksy (D) R ds 17 eksy
Sol. 2P + Q  3R
Initial mole 12 mole 5 mole
Limiting reagent is Q.
Final mole 12 – 10 5–5 5×3 = 15 mole
gy- 2P + Q  3R
izkjfEHkd eksy 12 eksy 5 eksy
Q lhekdkjh vfHkdeZd gSA
vfUre eksy 12 – 10 5–5 5×3 = 15 eksy

9. 5 L of N2 gas is mixed with 15 L of O2 gas and both are made to combine to form NO gas. What volume of NO
gas can be produced. (All volumes are measured under same temperature and pressure conditions) : [M]
5 L N2 xSl o 15 L O2 xSl dks fefJr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk nksuksa la;ksftr gksdj NO xSl cukrs gSaA NO xSl dk D;k vk;ru
mRikfnr gksxk \ (leku rki o nkc ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds vUrxZr lHkh vk;ru dks ekfir fd;k x;k gS) :
(A) 5 L (B*) 10 L (C) 20 L (D) 15 L
Sol. N2 (g) + O2 (g)  2NO (g)
5L 15 L 2 × 5 ( V  n)
(LR) = 10 L
10. The number of moles of chromite ore (FeCr2O4) that can be produced by allowing 0.2 moles of Fe, 0.3 moles
of Cr and 0.4 moles of O2 to combine according to the following reaction : [M]
Fe + 2Cr + 2O2  FeCr2O4
(A) 0.2 (B*) 0.15 (C) 0.9 (D) 0.3
Sol. Fe + 2Cr + 2O2  FeCr2O4
Mole 0.2 0.3 0.4
0. 3  1
L.R. =0.15 mole
2
11. If the yield of given reaction is 33.33%, what volume of O2 gas will be produced if 4 moles of K2Cr2O7 are taken
initially : [E]

K2Cr2O7  K2CrO4 + Cr2O3 + O2 (unbalanced)
(A) 11.2 L (B*) 22.4 L (C) 33.6 L (D) 67.2 L

Sol. 4K2Cr2O7  4K2CrO4 + 2Cr2O3 + 3O2
mole 4 3 (100% yield)
= 1 (for 33.33% yield)
Volume of O2 gas produced = 1 × 22.4 = 22.4 L.
12. Equal masses of sulphur and oxygen are made to combine to form SO2 gas. Then : [M]
(A) Sulphur would be finished first and some oxygen will be left.
(B) Oxygen would be finished first and some sulphur will be left.
(C*) Both sulphur and oxygen would be finished together.
(D) Nothing can be said with certainty.
Sol. S + O2  SO2
mass x x
x x x
mole
32 32 32
No L.R. and both sulphur and oxygen would be finished together.
13. 3L of N2 gas are mixed with 6L of H2 gas to form NH3 gas. What volume NH3 gas can be produced under same
temperature and pressure conditions : [E]
(A) 6L (B*) 4L (C) 9L (D) 2L
Sol. N2 (g) + 3H2 (g)  2NH3 (g)
Vol. 3 6 ( V  n)
62
L.R. = 4 L.
3
14. The number of moles of Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) that can be produced, by allowing 0.8 moles of H2, 0.9
moles of P4 and 1 mole of O2 to combine according to the given unbalanced reaction, is : [M]
H2 + P4 + O2  H3PO4
uhps nh xbZ vlarqfyr vfHkfØ;k ds vuqlkj] 0.8 eksy H2, 0.9 eksy P4 o 1 eksy O2 dks la;ksftr dj mRikfnr gksus okys
QkWLQksfjd vEy (H3PO4) ds eksyksa dh la[;k fuEu gS %
H2 + P4 + O2  H3PO4
(A) 0.533 mole eksy (B) 3.6 mole eksy (C*) 0.5 mole eksy (D) 1.2 mole eksy

6H2 + P4 + 8O2  4H3PO4
1 4
Mole 0.8 0.9 1 Mole = = 0.5
8
Mole 0 .8 0 .9 1
St. coeff. 6 1 8
= 0.133 = 0.9 = 0.125

(LR).
6H2 + P4 + 8O2  4H3PO4
1 4
eksy 0.8 0.9 1 eksy = = 0.5
8
eksy 0 .8 0 .9 1
jllehd j.kfefr xq.kkad 6 1 8
= 0.133 = 0.9 = 0.125

(LR).
yfC/k fuEu gS %
(A) 20% (B) 25% (C) 45% (D*) 35%
24 g 142 g
0.35
(L.R.) % Yield yfC/k = × 100 = 35%.
1
16. Ethyl ethanoate is prepared by the reaction between acetic acid and ethanol, according to the reaction :
CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O [SKC Sir 2011] [M]
Acetic acid Ethanol Ethyl ethanoate
In an experiment, 100 mL of acetic acid were reacted with 46 g of C2H5OH. The density of CH3COOH is
1.2 g mL–1. The ethyl ethanoate produced has a mass of 44 g. What was the percentage yield of product :
(A*) 50% (B) 70% (C) 90 % (D) 100%
,flfVd vEy o ,FksukWy ds chp vfHkfØ;k }kjk ,fFky ,sFksuks,V dks fuEu vfHkfØ;k ds vuqlkj cuk;k tkrk gS %
CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
,flfVd vEy ,FksukWy ,fFky ,sFksuks,sV
,d iz;ksx esa, 100 mL ,flfVd vEy dh 46 g C2H5OH ds lkFk fØ;k djk;h xbZA CH3COOH dk ?kuRo
1.2 g mL–1 gSA mRikfnr ,fFky ,Fksuks,V dk nzO;eku 44 g gSA mRikn dh izfr'kr yfC/k D;k Fkh %
(A*) 50% (B) 70% (C) 90 % (D) 100%
100  1.2
Sol. Mole of CH3COOH = =2
60
46
Mole of C2H5OH = = 1(LR)
46
Mole of CH3COOC2H5 = 1
Expected mass of CH3COOC2H5 produced = 88 g.
44
% yield =  100 = 50%
88

100  1.2
gy CH3COOH ds eksy = =2
60
46
C2H5OH ds eksy = = 1(LR)
46
CH3COOC2H5 ds eksy = 1
44
mRikfnr CH3COOC2H5 dk vkisf{kr nzO;eku = 88 g. % yfC/k =  100 = 50%
88
17. Li metal is one of the few substances that reacts directly with molecular nitrogen
6Li(s) + N2(g)  2Li3N(s)
How many grams of the product, lithium nitride, can be prepared from 4.2g of lithium metal and 5.6 g of
molecular nitrogen ? (Atomic weight Li = 7, N = 14) [M]
yhfFk;e (Li) /kkrq ds dqN inkFkZ lh/ks gh vkf.od ukbVªkstu ls vfHkfØ;k djrs gS&
6Li(s) + N2(g)  2Li3N(s)
yhfFk;e /kkrq ds 4.2 g o vkf.od ukbVªkstu ds 5.6 g dh vfHkfØ;k ls fdrus xzke yhfFk;e ukbVªkbM mRikn cuk;k
tk ldrk gS \ (ijek.kq Hkkj Li = 7, N = 14)
(A) 14 g (B) 8 g (C*) 7 g (D) None of these
4.2
Sol. Moles of Li = = 0.6
7
5 .6
moles of N2 = = 0.2 Hence Li is L.R.
28
1
 Moles of Li3N formed = x 0.6 = 0.2  mass = 0.2 x (21 + 14) = 7g
3
4.2
gy. Li ds eksy = = 0.6
7
5 .6
N2 ds eksy = = 0.2
28
blfy, Li ,d lhekad vfHkdeZd gS
1
 Li3N ds cuus gq, eksy = x 0.6 = 0.2
3
 Hkkj = 0.2 x (21 + 14) = 7g
18. How many mole of Zn(FeS2) can be made from 2.5 mole zinc, 2 mole iron and 3 mole sulphur. [E]
(A) 2 mole (B*) 1.5 mole (C) 2.5 mole (D) 5 mole
2.5 eksy ftad] 2 eksy vk;ju rFkk 3 eksy lYQj ls Zn(FeS2) ds fdrus eksy cuk;s tk ldrs gSA
(A) 2 eksy (B*) 1.5 eksy (C) 2.5 eksy (D) 5 eksy
Sol. Zn + Fe + 2S  Zn (FeS2)
initial mole 2.5 2 3 0
izkjfEHkd eksy 1.5 (S is L.R.)
19. 5C(s) + 2SO2(g)  CS2() + 4CO(g) [M]

12 g C is reacted with 16 g SO2. The % yield is 80%. Find moles of CS2 formed during the reaction.
5C(s) + 2SO2(g)  CS2() + 4CO(g)

12 g C dh vfHkfØ;k 16 g SO2 ds lkFk djkrs gSA vfHkfØ;k esa % yfC/k 80 % izkIr gksrh gSA vfHkfØ;k esa fdrus eksy CS2
dk fuekZ.k gksxk %
(A) 0.2 (B*) 0.1 (C) 0.5 (D) 0.4

20. MnO2 is used in the production of KMnO4 [T]
80%
yield 2 4
90%
yield 4 2
How many moles of KMnO4 is formed from 2 moles of MnO2

MnO2 dk mi;ksx KMnO4 ds mRiknu esa fd;k tkrk gSA
80%
MnO2 + KNO2  yfC/k
  K MnO + NO
2 4
90%
K2MnO4 + H2O  y
fC/k
  KMnO + KOH + H
4 2
MnO2 ds 2 eksyksa ls KMnO4 ds fdrus eksy fufeZr gksrs gSa\

1
2
1 80
moles of K2MnO4 =  2 = 1.6 mole
100
90
moles of KMnO4 = 1.6  = 1.44 mole
100
Ans. n of KMnO4 = 1.44

1
2
1 80
K2MnO4 ds eksy =  2 = 1.6 eksy
100
90
KMnO4 ds eksy = 1.6  = 1.44 eksy
100
Ans. KMnO4 ds n = 1.44
21. A mixture of 1.0 mole of Al and 3.0 mole of Cl2 are allowed to react as : [M]
2Al (s) + 3Cl2 (g)  2AlCl3 (s)
Which is incorrect option.
(A) Al is limiting reagent. (B) 1 mole of AlCl3 is formed.
(C) 1.5 mole excess reagent left unreacted. (D*) Cl2 is limiting reagent.
Al ds 1.0 eksy vkSj Cl2 ds 3.0 eksy dk feJ.k fuEu çdkj ls fØ;k djrk gS %
2Al (s) + 3Cl2 (g)  2AlCl3 (s)
dkSulk fodYi xyr gS %
(A) Al lhekar vfHkdeZd gSA (B) AlCl3 ds 1 eksy cusxsA
(C) vkf/kD; vfHkdeZd ds 1.5 eksy 'ks"k jgsxsaA (D*) Cl2 lhekar vfHkdeZd gSA
Sol. 2Al + 3Cl2  2AlCl3 (s)
1.0 3 .0

2 3
 0.5 1
L.R. E.R.
n AlCl3 formed = 1 mole.
nCl2 left = 1.5 mole.

gy- 2Al + 3Cl2  2AlCl3 (s)
1.0 3 .0

2 3
 0.5 1
L.R. E.R.
n AlCl3 fufeZr = 1 eksy
nCl2 'ks"k = 1.5 eksy
22. During the preparation of pearl ash (K2CO3), KCl is treated with CO2 and MgCO3.3H2O. A precipitate of
hydrated MgCO3.KHCO3 is obtained which, on boiling under pressure after filtration and washing, gives an
aqueous solution of K2CO3. 149 g of KCl produced 96g K2CO3 with 80% efficiency for the first step, what is
efficiency for the second one? (K=39, Mg=24.3) [M]
(A) 72.25% (B) 80% (C*) 87.5% (D) None of these
iyZ ,'k~ (K2CO3) ds fojpu ds nkSjku, KCl dks CO2 o MgCO3.3H2O ds lkFk mipkfjr fd;k tkrk gSaA ty;ksftr
MgCO3.KHCO3 dk ,d vo{ksi izkIr gksrk gS] ftldks fd Nkuus o /kksus ds i'pkr~ nkc ds vUrxZr mckyus ij K2CO3
dk ,d tyh; foy;u nsrk gSA izFke in ds fy, 80% n{krk s lkFk 149 g KCl ls 96 g K2CO3 dk mRikn izkIr gksrk
gS] f}rh; in ds fy, n{krk D;k gS \ (K=39, Mg=24.3)
(A) 72.25% (B) 80% (C*) 87.5% (D) buesa ls dksb Z ugha
Sol. KCl + Mg CO3.3H2O 80%
 Mg CO3.KHCO3
149  149 80 
74.5  74.5 100 
 2MgCO3 + K2CO3 + H2O + CO2
149 80 1
Theoriticaly mole of K2CO3 = × × mole
74.5 100 2
96
Experimetly mole of K2CO3 obtained = mole
138
96
Obs. mole 138
% Efficiency of reaction = Tho. mole ×100 = 149 80 1 = 86.9% ~ 87% Ans.
 
74.5 100 2
KCl + Mg CO3.3H2O 80%

gy  Mg CO3.KHCO3
149  149 80 
74.5  74.5 100 
 2MgCO3 + K2CO3 + H2O + CO2
149 80 1
K2CO3 ds lS)kfUrd eksy = × × mole
74.5 100 2
96
izkIr K2CO3 ds izk;ksfxd eksy = mole
138
96
izsf{kr eksy 138
vfHkfØ;k dh % n{krk = ×100 = 149 80 1 = 86.9% ~ 87% Ans.
lS) kfUrd eksy  
74.5 100 2
23. A + B  A3B2
A3B2 + C  A3B2C2
Above two reactions are carried out by taking 4 moles each of A and B and two mole of C. Then which option
is wrong [M]
(A) 1 mole of A3B2C2 is formed (B*) 1/2 mole of A3B2C2 is formed
(C) 4/3 mole of A3B2 is formed (D) 1/3 mole of A3B2 is left finally

A + B  A3B2
A3B2 + C  A3B2C2
mijksDr vfHkfØ;k dks A rFkk B izR;sd ds 4 eksy rFkk C ds 2 eksy ls djkbZ tkrh gSA rc dkSulk dFku vlR; gSA
(A) A3B2C2 dk 1 eksy curk gSA (B*) A3B2C2 dk 1/2 eksy curk gSA
(C) A3B2 dk 4/3 eksy curk gSA (D) A3B2 dk 1/3 eksy vUr esa cp tkrk gSA
Sol. 3A + 2B  A3 B2
4 mole 4 mole 4/3 mole formed
A3B 2 + 2C  A3 B2 C2
4/3 mole 2 mole
1/3 mole 0 1 mole
gy- 3A + 2B  A3 B2
4 eksy 4 eksy 4/3 eksy curk gSA
A3B 2 + 2C  A3 B2 C2
4/3 eksy 2 eksy
1/3 eksy 0 1 eksy
[E]
1
C + O2  CO2 ; C + O  CO
2 2
;fn ,d ik=k esa dkcZu ds 240 g fy, x;s] bls iw.kZr% CO2 esa cnyus ds fy, m+|ksxksa esa ;g ik;k x;k fd CO2 ds lkFk CO
ds 280 g Hkh curs gSA CO2 ds izfr'kr mRikn dh x.kuk djksA gksus okyh vfHkfØ;k fuEu gS %
1
C + O2  CO2 ; C + O  CO
2 2
(A) 25 % (B*) 50 % (C) 75 % (D) 100%
1
Sol. C + O2  CO2 C+ O  CO
2 2
Weight of carbon = 240 g
280
weight of CO = = 10 mole
28
So, 10 mole of carbon consume in the formation of carbon monoxide hence carbon left for the formation of
CO2 = 240 – 10 × 12 = 120 g
C + O2  CO2
120 g
120
= 10 mole.
12
Mole of CO2 = 10 mole.
10
= × 100 = 50 %
20
1
gy. C + O2  CO2 C+ O  CO
2 2
dkcZu dk Hkkj = 240 g
280
CO dk Hkkj = = 10 eksy
28
blfy, dkcZu eksuksvkWDlkbM ds fuekZ.k esa 10 eksy dkcZu iz;qDr gksrh gSA vr% CO2 ds fuekZ.k ds fy, 'ks"k dkcZu =
240 – 10 × 12 = 120 g
C + O2  CO2
120 g
120
= 10 eksy
12
CO2 ds eksy = 10 eksy
10
= × 100 = 50 %
20
25. A hydrocarbon has the following composition by mass :

C = 92.3%, H = 7.7%. Then, the empirical formula of hydrocarbon is : [E]
(A*) C1H1 (B) C2H3 (C) C1H3 (D) C3H4
nzO;eku ls ,d gkbMªksdkcZu dk laxBu fuEu gSSa C = 90%, H = 10% rc gkbMªksdkcZu dk ewykuqikrh lw=k fuEu gS %
(A) C1H1 (B) C2H3 (C) C1H3 (D*) C3H4
92.3 7.7
Sol. C:H= : =1:1
12 1
So, empirical formula (blfy, ewykuqikrh lw=k) = C1H1
26. 100 mL of given KMnO4 solution titrates 50 mL of 0.1 M oxalic acid. Its normality against alkaline H2O2 is :
[SM Sir Jan. 2013] [M]
(1) 0.1 N (2) 0.02 N (3*) 0.06 N (4) None of these
fn;s x;s KMnO4 foy;u ds 100 ml ls 0.1 M vkWDlsfyd vEy ds 50 mL dks vuqekfir fd;k tkrk gSA {kkjh; H2O2 ds
fo:) bldh ukWeZyrk fuEUk gS :
[SM Sir Jan. 2013]
(1) 0.1 N (2) 0.02 N (3*) 0.06 N (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. meq. of oxalic acid = 50 × 0.1 × 2 = 10
Medium is acidic (n = 5 for KMnO4)
N (10 / 100 )
Molarity of KMnO4 = = = 0.02 M.
5 5
In alkaline medium, n = 3 for KMnO4. Hence normality = 0.02 × 3 = 0.06 N.
vkWDlsfyd vEy dk feyh rqY;kad = 50 × 0.1 × 2 = 10
ek/;e vEyh; gS (KMnO4 ds fy, n = 5 gS)
N (10 / 100 )
KMnO4 dh eksyjrk = = = 0.02 M.
5 5
{kkjh; ek/;e esa] KMnO4 ds fy, n = 3 gSA
vr%] ukWeZyrk = 0.02 × 3 = 0.06 N
MCQ
are not equal.
3NA
20
3NA
v.kq curs gSaA

75 60
100 100
Mass 3 NA
GMM 60 20
Mass 3 NA
GMM 60 20
are equal.
= 8.
NA NA
20 5
NA NA
20 5
3 3 3
= ×1+ ×2=
60 60 20
3 / 20 1
3 20
1 NA
20 20
75 60
×5=3g
nzO; eku 3 NA
GMM 60 20
nzO; eku 3 NA
GMM 60 20
NA NA
×4=
5
NA NA
×4=
5
3 3 3
= ×1+ ×2=
60 60 20
3 / 20 1
3 20
1 NA
20 20
2. An equimolar mixture of CO and O2 is exploded to produce CO2. Which of the following is/are correct ?
(A*) The initial vapour density of the mixture is 15. [M] (MOL)
(A*) feJ.k dk izkjfEHkd ok"i ?kuRo 15 gSA

(D) vfUre feJ.k esa CO2 dk eksy izfr'kr 50% gSA
Sol. L.R.
2CO + O2  2CO2
1 1
Mmix 1 28  1 32 60
2 (1  1 )  2 22
1 1
2 2
1
1  0 .5
3. X + Y  X3 Y4 [E]
Above reaction is carried out by taking 6 moles each of X and Y respectively then :
(A) X is the limiting reagent
(B*) 1.5 moles of X3 Y4 is formed
(C*) 1.5 moles of excess reagent is left behind
(D*) 33.3% excess of excess reagent was present initally. [By SM Sir, July 2013]
X + Y  X3 Y4
mijksDr vfHkfØ;k X rFkk Y izR;sd ds 6 eksy ysdj djk;h tkrh gS] rc :
(A) X lhekar vfHkdeZd gSA
(B*) X3 Y4 ds 1.5 eksy curs gSA
(C*) vkf/kD; vfHkdeZd ds 1.5 eksy 'ks"k jgrs gSA
(D*) izkjEHk esa vkf/kD; vfHkdeZd dk 33.3% vf/kd mifLFkr Fkk [By SM Sir, July 2013]
Sol. 3X + 4Y  X3 Y4
6 mole 6 mole
6 – 4.5 0 1.5 mole
1.5 mole
left formed
amount excess 1 .5
% excess of excess reagent = amount required × 100 = × 100 = 33.3%
4 .5
gy- 3X + 4Y  X3 Y4
6 eksy 6 eksy
6 – 4.5 0 1.5 eksy
1.5 eksy
'ks"k cus
1 .5
vkf/kD; vfHkdeZd dk vkf/kD; % = × 100 = × 100 = 33.3%
4 .5
4. Equal weight of Chromium and Oxygen are allowed to combine with each other to produce Cr2O3. Identify the
correct statement(s) : [M]
(A) No mass of Chromium and Oxygen is left unreacted and the mass of Cr2O3 produced is double the mass
of Chromium taken initially.
(B*) Chromium metal is the limiting reagent.
(C*) The fraction of excess reagent left unreacted is 7/13.
(D*) The mass of Cr2O3 produced is 19/13 times the mass of oxygen taken initially.
Sol. 4 Cr + 3O2  2 Cr2O3
Mass w w
w w
moles
52 32

moles w w
st. coeff. 52  4 32  3
w w
208 96
 (LR)
w 3  w  w 3w
moles of O2 left unreacted = – = –
32 4  52  32 208
w 3w

32 208 7
 fraction of excess reagent left = w =
13
32
1  w  19 w
Mass of Cr2O3 produced = 
52
  152 =
2   13
19 19
 mass of Cr2O3 produced = w=  mass of oxygen taken initially..
13 13
5. If 27 g of Carbon is mixed with 88 g of Oxygen and is allowed to burn to produce CO2, then : [M]
(A*) Carbon and oxygen combine in mass ratio 3 : 8. (B) Oxygen is the limiting reagent.
(C*) Volume of CO2 gas produced at NTP is 50.4 L. (D*) Volume of unreacted O2 at STP is 11.2 L.
Sol. C + O2  CO2
mass 27 88
27 88
moles
12 32
moles 27 88
st. coeff. 12  1 32  1
= 2.25 = 2.75
(min) LR
27
Moles of CO2 produced = moles of C = = 2.25
12
 Volume of CO2 at STP = 2.25  22.4 = 50.4 L
Ratio of C and O in CO2 = 12 : 32 = 3 : 8
Moles of unreacted O2 = 2.75 – 2.25 = 0.5
 Volume of unreacted O2 at STP = 0.5  22.4 = 11.2 L
6. 5.4 g of Aluminium and 9.6 g of Oxygen are made to combine according to the following unbalanced reaction :
Al + O2  Al2O3 [M]
Then, select the correct option(s) :
(A) Oxygen is the limiting reagent.
(B*) 10.2 g of Al2O3 will be produced.
(C*) 0.15 moles of excess reagent are left behind.
(D) 0.4 moles of limiting reagent are more required to completely consume the extra amount of excess
reagent.
fuEu vlarqfyr vfHkfØ;k ds vuqlkj 5.4 g ,Y;qfefu;e o 9.6 g vkWDlhtu dks la;ksftr fd;k tkrk gS %
Al + O2  Al2O3
rc] lgh fodYi fuEu gS@gSa %
(A) vkWDlhtu lhekdkjh vfHkdeZd gSA
(B*) 10.2 g Al2O3 mRikfnr gksxkA
(C*) vkf/kD; esa fy;s x;s vfHkdeZd ds 0.15 eksy 'ks"k jg tk;saxsA
(D) vkf/kD; esa fy;s x;s vfHkdeZd dh vfrfjDr ek=kk dks iw.kZ :i ls dke esa ysus ds fy,] lhekdkjh vfHkdeZZd ds 0.4 eksy
vkSj vf/kd vko';d gSaA
Sol. 4Al + 3O2  2Al2O3
5 .4 9 .6 0 .2  2
Mole = 0.2 = 0.3 = 0.1
27 32 4

(LR)  m = 0.1 × 102 = 10.2 g.
0 .2  3
Moles of O2 reacted = = 0.15
4
 Moles of O2 (ER) left = 0.3 – 0.15 = 0.15.
To completely consume the extra amount of excess reagent,
0.15  4
Extra moles of Al required = = 0.2 moles (According to stoichiometry).
3
gy 4Al + 3O2  2Al2O3

5 .4 9 .6 0 .2  2
eksy = 0.2 = 0.3 = 0.1
27 32 4
(LR)  m = 0.1 × 102 = 10.2 g.
0 .2  3
vfHkÑr O2 ds eksy = 4
= 0.15
 'ks"kcps O2 (ER) ds eksy = 0.3 – 0.15 = 0.15.

vkf/kD; esa fy;s x;s vfHkdeZd dh vfrfjDr ek=kk dks iw.kZ:i ls dke esa ysus ds fy,]
0.15  4
Al ds vko';d vfrfjDr eksy = = 0.2 eksy (jllehdj.kferh ds vuqlkj).
3
7. For the reaction [M]

X+Y   X4 Y6
X4 Y6 + Z  X4 Y6Z2
If reaction is started with 2 mole of X, 4 moles of Y & 3 moles of Z then.
(A*) 1 mole of Y is left (B) 0.5 mole of X4Y6 is left
(C*) 33.33 % of Z is reacted (D*) 0.5 mole of X4Y6Z2 are formed
fuEu vfHkfØ;k ds fy;s

X + Y  X4 Y6
X4 Y6 + Z  X4 Y6Z2
;fn vfHkfØ;k X ds 2 eksy] Y ds 4 eksy rFkk Z ds 3 eksy ysdj izkjEHk djs rc &
(A*) Y dk 1 eksy cpsxkA (B) X4Y6 dk 0.5 eksy cpsxkA
(C*) Z dk 33.33 % fØ;k djsxkA (D*) X4Y6Z2 dk 0.5 eksy cusxkA
Sol. 4 X + 6 Y  X4Y6
X  L.R
X4Y6 (formed)  0.5 mole
X4Y6 + 2 Z  X4Y6Z2
0.5 3 0.5
LR = X4Y6
8. What volume of 0.5 M HCl should be mixed with 500 ml of 0.2 M Barium hydroxide solution, so that the
molarity of the excess reagent in the final solution comes out to be 0.125 M ? [M]
0.5 M HCl dk fdruk vk;ru 500 ml, 0.2 M csjh;e gkbMªksDlkbM ds foy;u esa feyk;k tk;s ftlls vkf/kD; fØ;kdkjd
dh eksyjrk 0.125 M gks tk;s ?
(A*) 100 ml (B) 33.33 ml (C) 300 ml (D*) 700 ml
Sol. Ba(OH)2 + 2HCl  BaCl2 + 2H2O
0.2  0.5 VL, 0.5 M
= 0.1 moles
Case 1 Ba(OH)2 is LR
0.5 VL  0.2
nHCl (left) = 0.5 – 2  0.1VT = 0.5 + VL  0.5  VL = 0.125  VL = 0.7 L = 700 ml
Case 2 HCl is LR
0.5 VL
nBa(OH)2 left = 0.5 – Vtotal = 0.5 + VL
2
0.1  0.25 VL
 0.5  VL = 0.125  VL = 0.1 L = 100 ml

9. An equimolar mixture of CO and O2 is exploded to produce CO2. Which of the following is/are correct ? [T]
(A*) The initial V.D. of the mixture is 15.
(A*) feJ.k dk izkjfEHkd ok-?k- 15 gSA
(D) vfUre feJ.k esa CO2 dk eksy % 50% gSA
Sol. L.R.
2CO + O2  2CO2
1 1
Mmix 1 28  1 32 60
2 (1  1)  2 22
1 1
2 2
1
1  0 .5
A/R
MTC

Unbalanced Reactions Characteristics
(A) H2(g) + O2(g)  H2O () (p) Limiting reagent is O2.
1 mole H2 is mixed with 64 g of O2
(B) CS2() + O2(g)  SO2(g) + CO2(g) (q) 50% of excess reagent is left after
152 g CS2 is mixed with 22.4 L of O2 gas at STP
(C) C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g) (r) Product (s) occupy a volume of 22.4 L
at STP.
24 g Carbon is mixed with 1gram-molecule of O2
(D) NO(g) + O2(g)  NO2(g) (s) No reactants are left behind after
2 NA molecules of NO are mixed with 1 mole O2
(t) The products formed contain a total of
3 NA atoms.
dkWye-I dkWye-II
vlarqfyr vfHkfØ;k,¡ vfHkyk{kf.kd
(A) H2(g) + O2(g)  H2O () (p) lhekar vfHkdeZd O2 gSA
1 eksy H2 dks 64 g O2 ds lkFk fefJr fd;k tkrk gSA
(B) CS2() + O2(g)  SO2(g) + CO2(g) (q) vfHkfØ;kiw.kZ gksus ds i'pkr~ 50% vkf/kD;
152 g CS2 dks STP ij 22.4 L O2 ds lkFk fefJr fd;k tkrk gSA vfHkdeZd 'ks"k cp tkrk gSA
(C) C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g) (r) mRikn] STP ij 22.4 L vk;ru ?ksjrs gaSA
24 g dkcZu dks O2 ds 1 xzke v.kq ds lkFk fefJr fd;k tkrk gSA
(D) NO(g) + O2(g)  NO2(g) (s) vfHkfØ;k ds iw.kZ gksus ds i'pkr~ dksbZ
NO ds 2NA v.kq dks 1 eksy O2 ds lkFk fefJr fd;k tkrk gSA vfHkdkjd 'ks"k ugha cprk gSA
(t) cuk;s x;s mRikn] dqy 3 NA ijek.kq j[krs
gSAa Page # 15
Ans. (A - t) ; (B - p,r, t) ; (C - p,q,r,t) ; (D - s)
Sol. (A) 2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O ()
64
1 mole  2 mole 1 mole
32
(LR)
2  0 .5
% of excess reagent left =  100 = 75%
2
Volume of 1 mole of H2O () formed at STP  22.4 L (Since it is valid only for gases)
(B) CS2() + 3O2(g)  2SO2(g) + CO2(g)
152 22.4 2 1
= 2 mole  1 mole mole mole
76 22.4 3 3
(LR) (p)
1
2
% of excess reagent left = 3  100 = 83.33 %
2
Volume of 1 mole gases formed at STP = 22.4 L (r)
2 1
Total number of atoms in the product formed = × NA × 3 + × NA × 3 = 3 NA (t)
3 3
(C) C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g)
24
= 2 mole 1 mole 1 mole
12
(LR) (p)
2 1
% of excess reagent left =  100 = 50% (q)
2
Volume of 1 mole gas formed at STP = 22.4 L (r)
(D) 2NO(g) + O2(g)  2NO2(g)
2 NA
NA = 2 mole 1 mole 2 mole
Volume of 2 mole gas formed at STP = 44.8 L

No reactants are left behind after completion of reaction. (s)
Total number of atoms in the product formed = 2 × NA × 3 = 6 NA
gy (A) 2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O ()

64
1 eksy  2 mole 1 eksy
32
(LR)
2  0 .5
vkf/kD; esa fy;s x;s vfHkdeZd ds 'ks"k cps Hkkx dk % =  100 = 75%
2
STP ij cuk;s x;s 1 eksy H2O () dk vk;ru  22.4 L (pwafd ;g dsoy xSlksa ds fy, ekU; gS)
cuk;s x;s mRikn esa ijek.kqvksa dh dqy la[;k = 1 × NA × 3 = 3 NA (t)
(B) CS2() + 3O2(g)  2SO2(g) + CO2(g)
152 22.4 2 1
= 2 eksy  1 mole eksy eksy
76 22.4 3 3
(LR) (p)
1
2
vkf/kD; esa fy;s x;s vfHkdeZd ds 'ks"k cps Hkkx dk % = 3  100 = 83.33 %
2
STP ij cuk;s x;s xSlksa dk vk;ru = 22.4 L (r)

2 1
cuk;s x;s mRikn esa ijek.kqvksa dh dqy la[;k = 3
× NA × 3 + × NA × 3 = 3 NA (t)
3
(C) C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g)
24
= 2 eksy 1 eksy 1 eksy
12
(LR) (p)
2 1
vkf/kD; esa fy;s x;s vfHkdeZd ds 'ks"k cps Hkkx dk % =  100 = 50% (q)
2
STP ij cuk;s x;s 1 eksy xSl dk vk;ru = 22.4 L (r)
cuk;s x;s mRikn esa ijek.kqvksa dh dqy la[;k= 1 × NA × 3 = 3 NA (t)
(D) 2NO(g) + O2(g)  2NO2(g)
2 NA
NA = 2 eksy 1 eksy 2 eks y
STP ij cuk;s x;s 2 eksy xSlksa dk vk;ru = 44.8 L
vfHkfØ;k ds iw.kZ gksus ds i'pkr,dksbZ vfHkdkjd 'ks"k ugha cprk gSA
cuk;s x;s mRikn esa ijek.kqvksa dh dqy la[;k = 2 × NA × 3 = 6 NA
Comprehension :
421
3
oxide, UxOy.
421
3

(A) U2O5 (B) U6O16 (C*) U3O8 (D) U3O7
0.119 5  10 4
Mole = Mole =
238 x
5  10 4
= 5  10–4 m=  (238x + 16y)
x

5  10 4 421
 (238x + 16y) =  10–3
x 3
0.119 5  10 4
eksy = eksy =
238 x
5  10 4
= 5  10–4 m=  (238x + 16y)
x
5  10 4 421
 (238x + 16y) =  10–3
x 3

(A) 5 (B*) 6 (C) 7 (D) 9
(394 + 18z) g UO2(NO3)2.zH2O  394 g UO2(NO3)2
On solving, z = 6.
(394 + 18z) g UO2(NO3)2.zH2O  394 g UO2(NO3)2
gy djus ij z = 6.

A mixture of 32 g of oxygen and 6 g of hydrogen is heated to the formation of H2O(g). The reaction is :
2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O (g) : The H2O hence formed is liquified and is treated with 1 mole anhydrous
copper sulphate
(anhydrous)
Answer the following :
32 g vkWDlhtu rFkk 6 g gkbMªkstu ds feJ.k dks xeZ djus ij H2O(g) curh gSA vfHkfØ;k fuEu gSA
2H2(g) + O2(g)  2H2O (g) : bl izdkj fufeZr H2O nzohÑr gksrk gS rFkk bls fQj 1 eksy vuknz CuSO4
ls fØ;k djkrs gSA
(vuknz)
fuEu ds mÙkj nhft, :
3. What will be the maximum amount of H2O produced by given reaction : [M] (Mole Concept--1)
nh xbZ vfHkfØ;k esa H2O dh vf/kdre fdruh ek=kk curh gS :
(A) 38 g (B) 54 g (C*) 36 g (D) 18 g
Sol. 2H2 + O2 2H2O
moles 3 1
LR  O2
n O2 nH2O
=
1 2
nH2O = 2 × nO 2 = 2 × 1 = 2
wt. of H2O = 2 × 18 = 36g
4. Mass of CuSO4. 5H2O produced is : (Cu = 63.5) [M] [Mole Concept-1]

mRikfnr CuSO4. 5H2O dk nzO;eku gS : (Cu = 63.5) [Mole Concept-1]

(A) 41g (B) 88g (C*) 99.8 g (D) 249.5 g
Sol. CuSO4 + 5H2O  CuSO4. 5H2O
1 mole 2mole
H2O is L.R.
2
 moles of CuSO4. 5H2O produced = mole
5
 mass of CuSO4. 5H2O = 249.5 × 0.4 = 99.8g
2
 mRikfnr CuSO4. 5H2O ds eksy = mole
5
 mRikfnr CuSO4. 5H2O ds eksy = 249.5 × 0.4 = 99.8g

For a reaction ,d vfHkfØ;k ds fy,

aA + bB  cC + dD
Three students define different ways of calculating limiting reagents.
Student 1 : Calculate the minimum moles of 'A' needed to completely consume 'B', and if available amount
of 'A' exceeds what is needed then 'B' is limiting reagent otherswise 'A' will be limiting reagent.
Student 2 : Calculate the mole ratio(ratio of the moles initially taken of the reactants) of each reactant then
compare it to theoretical mole ratio(according to stochiometry of the reaction) if the theoretical ratio exceeds
ratio of moles actually taken then reactant in denominator will be limiting reagent.
Student 3 : Calculate the amount of product(any one of the product) that can be obtained if each reactant
is completely consumed and that reactant is limiting reagent which has produced least mass of products.
rhu fo|kfFkZ;ksa us lhekUr vfHkdkjd dh x.kuk djus ds fHkUu fHkUu rjhds crk;sA
fo|kFkhZ 1 : 'B' ds fn;s x;s eksyksa ls fØ;k djus ds fy;s vko';d 'A' ds U;wure eksyksa dh x.kuk dhft, ;fn 'A' dh mifLFkr
ek=kk vkf/kD; esa gS rks bldh dksbZ vko';drk ugha 'B' gh lhekUr vfHkdkjd gSA
fo|kFkhZ 2 : izR;sd fØ;kdkjd ds eksy vuqikr dh x.kuk djks rc lSf)UfUrd eksy vuqikr dh rqyuk djks ;fn lS)kfUrd
eksy vuqikr x.kuhr vuqikr ls vf/kd gks rc tks fØ;kdkjd gj (denominator) gksxkA ogh lhekUr vfHkdeZd gksxkA
fo|kFkhZ 3 : izkIr mRikn ds xzke dh x.kuk djks ;fn izR;sd vfHkdkjd iw.kZr% iz;qDr gks rc og vfHkdkjd lkekUr vfHkdkjd
gksxk tks mRiknhr nzO;eku esa mRikn dk U;wure nzO;eku j[ksA
5. Which student(s) has/have defined limiting reagent correctly [M]

dkSulk@dkSuls fo|kkFkhZ lhekUr vfHkdeZd dks lgh ifjHkkf"kr djrk@djrsa gSaA
(A) Student – 1 (B) Student – 2 (C) Student – 3 (D*) All are correct lHkh lgh gSa
6. If student 1 in first experiment finds that when 1 mole of 'A' reacted with excess of reagent 'B' and in second
experiment when 1 mole of 'B' reacted with excess of reagent 'A' then in the later experiment mass of the
product produced was greater then which should be the limiting reagent ? [M]
;fn fo|kFkhZ 1 us ik;k fd tc 'A' ds 10g dh fØ;k vfHkdkjd 'B' ds vkf/kD; ds lkFk djrs gSa vkSj 'B' ds 10 g dh fØ;k
vfHkdkjd 'A' ds lkFk vkf/kD; esa nks vyx vyx iz;ksx djrs gSa iz;ksxksa ds ckn tks mRikn dk T;knk nzO;eku mRikfnr djs
ogh lhekUr vfHkdkjd gksuks pkfg;sA og gSA
(A*) A (B) B (C) None dksbZ ugha (D) Cannot be predicted fu/kkZjhr ugha fd;k
tk ldrk
7. If initially 'x' mols of 'A' are taken with 'y' mols of 'B'. Which of the following is correct - [M]
;fn 'A' ds x eksy, 'B' ds y eksy fØ;k djrs gSa rc fuEu esa ls dkSulk lgh gSA
a x a x
(i) If = no reactant is left over (ii) If > y then 'B' reactant is llimiting reagent
b y b
a x x a
(iii) If < y then 'B' is limiting reagent (iv) If y > 'A' is limiting reagent.
b b
a x a x
(i) ;fn = gks rc dkbZ fØ;kdkjd ugha cpsxkA (ii) ;fn > y rc 'B' vfHkdkjd lhekUr vfHkdeZd gksxkA
b y b

a x x a
(iii) ;fn < y rc 'B' lhekUr vfHkdeZd gksxkA (iv) ;fn y > rc 'A' lekUr vfHkdeZd gksxkA .
b b
(A) i & iv (B*) i & iii (C) Only i (D) i , ii & iv

Following steps of reactions occur in a container starting with one mole of K4[Fe(CN)6], 5 mole of H2SO4 and
enough water. All reactions occur with 100% yield.
(iii) 6NH3 + 3H2SO4  3(NH4)2 SO4
(iv) 6HCOOH 

6CO + 6H2O
,d eksy K4[Fe(CN)6], 5 eksy H2SO4 ,oa ty dh i;kZIr ek=kk ds lkFk ,d vfHkfØ;k fuEu inksa esa lEiUu gksrh gSA lHkh
vfHkfØ;k,a 100% yfC/k ls gksrh gSA
(iii) 6NH3 + 3H2SO4  3(NH4)2 SO4

(iv) 6HCOOH  6CO + 6H2O
Answer the following
fuEu dk mÙkj nhft;sA
8. The limiting reagent in step (iii) is : [M]

(A) NH3 (B*) H2SO4
(C) Both (D) No one is limiting reagent
in (iii) esa lhekUrdkjh dkjd (limiting reagent) gS :
(A) NH3 (B*) H2SO4 (C) nksuks (D) dksbZ Hkh lhekUrdkjh ugha
1 mole 5 mole
after reaction 0 5 – 3 = 2 mole 2 mole 1 mole 6 mole
L.R. is K4Fe(CN)6
(ii) 6 HCN + 12H2O  6 HCOOH + 6 NH3

6 mole
L.R. is HCN
(iii) 6 NH3 + 3H2SO4  3(NH4)2SO4

6 mole 2 mole
6 – 4 = 2 mole 0 2 mole (after reaction)
L.R. is H2SO4
In reaction (iii) mole of H2SO4 = mole of H2SO4 left in reaction (i)
(iv) 6HCOOH 
 6 CO + H2 O
6 mole
Mole of HCOOH = mole of HCOOH formed in reaction (ii)

In reaction (iii) limiting reagent is H2SO4

1 eksy 5 eksy
vfHkfØ;k ds i'pkr~ 0 5 – 3 = 2 eksy 2 eksy 1 eksy 6 eksy
K4Fe(CN)6 L.R. gSA

(ii) 6 HCN + 12H2O  6 HCOOH + 6 NH3
6 eksy
HCN L.R. gSA
(iii) 6 NH3 + 3H2SO4  3(NH4)2SO4

6 eksy 2 eksy
6 – 4 = 2 eksy 0 2 eksy (vfHkfØ;k ds i'pkr~)
H2SO4 L.R. gSA
vfHkfØ;k (iii) eas H2SO4 ds eksy = vfHkfØ;k (i) esa 'ks"k cps H2SO4 ds eksy
(iv) 6HCOOH 
 6 CO + H2 O
6 eksy
HCOOH ds eksy = vfHkfØ;k (ii) esa cuk;s x;s HCOOH ds eksy

vfHkfØ;k (iii) esa lhekUr vfHkdeZd H2SO4 gSA
9. Maximum number of moles of CO (g) and (NH4)2 SO4 that can be formed by given reactions are respectively:
[M]
(A) 3 and 6 (B*) 6 and 2 (C) 6 and 3 (D) 2 and 6
CO (g) rFkk (NH4)2 SO4 ds cuus okys vf/kdre eksy Øe'k% gksxsa %
(A) 3 rFkk 6 (B*) 6 rFkk 2 (C) 6 rFkk 3 (D) 2 rFkk 6
Sol. Mole of CO = 6 mole
Mole of (NH4)2SO4 = 2mole
CO ds eksy = 6 eksy
(NH4)2SO4 ds eksy = 2 eksy

Following reaction sequence is given :
2A + B  A2B (1)
2A2B + B  A4B3 (2)
(2) reaction starts after (1) reaction is finished.
fuEu vfHkfØ;k vuqØe fn;s x;s gSa %

2A + B  A2B (1)
2A2B + B  A4B3 (2)
vfHkfØ;k (1) ds iw.kZ gksus dss i'pkr~ vfHkfØ;k (2) izkjEHk gksrh gSA
10. If 10 moles of A and 7.5 moles of B are taken in a flask, then moles of A4B3 produced in reaction are :
[E]
;fn ,d ¶ykLd esa 10 eksy A o 7.5 eksy B fy;s tkrs gSa] rks vfHkfØ;k esa mRikfnr A4B3 ds eksy fuEu gSa %
(A) 1 (B) 1.5 (C) 2 (D*) 2.5
11. Mass of A2B left in above reaction sequence (molar mass of A = 24 g/mol and molar mass of B = 16 g/mol.)
[E]
mijksDr vfHkfØ;k vuqØe esa 'ks"k cpk A2B dk nzO;eku fuEu gS %
(A dk eksyj nzO;eku = 24 g/mol rFkk B dk eksyj nzO;eku = 16 g/mol.)
(A*) 0 (B) 1 (C) 1.5 (D) 2

Sol. (45 to 46 sol.)
L.R.
2A + B  A2B
10 7.5 5 mole
B left = 7.5 – 5
=2.5
2A2B + B  A4B3 (No L.R.)
5 2.5 2.5
moles of A4B3 produced (mRikfnr A4B3 ds eksy) = 2.5
moles of A2B left ('ks"k cps A2B ds eksy) = 0
T/F
1. S1 : Limiting reagent has the least mass among all the reactants available for a reaction.

S2 : Limiting reagent has the least moles among all the reactants available for a reaction.
S3 : Limiting reagent has either the least mass or the least moles among all the reactants available for a
reaction.
S4 : Limiting reagent produces the minimum amount of a product in comparison to all the other reactants
available (while producing compound from a particular reactant, assume all other reactants to be present in
excess).
S1 : vfHkfØ;k esa miyC/k lHkh vfHkdeZdksa dh rqyuk esa lhekdkjh vfHkdeZd dk Hkkj lcls de gksrk gSA
S2 : vfHkfØ;k esa miyC/k lHkh vfHkdeZdksa dh rqyuk esa lhekdkjh vfHkdeZd ds eksy lcls de gksrs gSaA
S3 : vfHkfØ;k esa miyC/k lHkh vfHkdeZdksa dh rqyuk esa ;k rks lhekdkjh vfHkdeZd dk Hkkj ;k fQj blds eksy lcls de
gksrs gSaA
S4 : lhekdkjh vfHkdeZd vU; miyC/k vfHkdeZdksa dh rqyuk esa mRikn dh U;wure ek=kk mRiUu djrk gSA ¼fdlh fuf'pr
vfHkdeZd ls mRikn cukrs gq, ;g ekusa fd vU; lHkh vfHkdeZd vkf/kD; esa mifLFkr gSa½
(A) TTFT (B) TTTT (C) TFTF (D*) FFFT
Sol. Limiting reagent may neither have the least mass nor the least moles among all the reactants available.
lhekdkjh vfHkdeZd ds] lHkh miyC/k vfHkdeZdksa dh rqyuk esa] uk rks lcls de Hkkj] uk gh lcls de eksy gksrs gSaA
2. Limiting reagent must have the least moles among all the reactants available in a chemical reaction. [E]
lhekUr vfHkdeZd] ,d jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k esa mifLFkr lHkh vfHkdkjdksa esa lcls de eksy j[kus okyk gksrk gSA
Ans. False
Sol. Limiting reagent may neither have the least mass nor the least moles among all the reactants available in a
chemical reaction.
Sol. ,d jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k esa miyC/k lHkh vfHkdkjdksa esa lhekdkjh vfHkdeZd] u rks U;wure nzO;eku vkSj uk gh U;wure Hkkj
j[k ldrk gSA
3. If equal masses of aluminium and oxygen are made to combine to produce Al2O3, then aluminium will be the
limiting reagent. [T]
;fn ,Y;qfefu;e o vkWDlhtu ds leku nzO;eku dks la;ksftr gksdj Al2O3 cukus fn;k tkrk gS] rks ;gk¡ ,Y;qfefu;e lhekUr
vfHkdeZd vFkok lhekdkjh vfHkdeZd gksxkA
Ans. True
Sol. 4Al + 3O2  2Al2O3
Mass m m
Mole 27m  32m 
mole m m
st. coeff . 274 323
m 
 108  96m 
(LR)

Sol. 4Al + 3O2  2Al2O3
nzO;eku m m
eksy 27m  32m 

eksy
jllehd j.kferh m m
xq.kkad 274 323
m 
 108  96m 
(LR)
 Given number of moles 

4. Among various reactants, the limiting reagent has the minimum value of  Stoichiometric coeff .  according
 
to balanced chemical equation. [M]
 eksy 
fofHkUu vfHkdkjdksa esa] lhekdkjh vfHkdeZd dk] larqfyr jklk;fud lehdj.k ds vuqlkj]   dk eku
 jlleh
d j.kferh xq.kkad 
U;wure gksrk gSA
Ans. T lR;
Sol. Refer notes.
gy uksV~l dks ns[ksa A
5. If reacting species in a reaction are not taken in their stoichiometric coefficient ratio then one of the reactant
will be limiting reagent. [E]
;fn vfHkfØ;k esa fØ;kdkjh Lih'kht dks jllehdj.kfefr xq.kkadksa ds vuqikr esa ugh fy;k tk;s] rc muesa ls ,d fØ;kdkjd
lhekdkjh vfHkdeZd gksxkA
Ans. True lR;
6. Equal wt. of carbon and oxygen are taken to produce CO2 then O2 is limiting reagent. [E]
dkcZu rFkk vkWDlhtu ds leku Hkkj ysdj CO2 cuk;k tkrk gSa rc O2 lhekad vfHkdeZd gksrk gSA
Ans. True
Sol. C + O2  CO2
W W
W W
12 32
O2 is L.R. (O2 L.R. gSA)
Single Integer :
1. KO2 + H2O  KOH + H2O2 + O2 [M]

28.4 g KO2, when treated with excess H2O, gives only 0.34 g H2O2 according to the above reaction.
Determine the % yield of H2O2.
KO2 + H2O  KOH + H2O2 + O2

28.4 g KO2 dh tc H2O ds vkf/kD; ds lkFk fØ;k djkrs gSa] rks ;g fuEu vfHkfØ;k ds vuqlkj dsoy 0.34 g H2O2 cukrk
gSA H2O2 dh % yfCèk ¼çkfIr½ Kkr djksA
Ans. 5
Sol. 2KO2 + 2H2O  2KOH + H2O2 + O2
28.4
Moles of KO2 = = 0.4
71
moles of KO2 mole of H2O2
 =
2 1
0 .4 mole of H2O2
 =
2 1
mole of H2O2 = 0.2  mass of H2O2 (theoritical) = 0.2 × 34 = 6.8 g
mass of H2O 2 produced (actual ) 0.34
% yield =  100 =  100 = 5 %.
mass of H2O 2 produced ( theoretica l) 6 .8
gy 2KO2 + 2H2O  2KOH + H2O2 + O2
28.4
KO2 ds eksy = = 0.4
71
KO 2 d seksy H2O 2 d seks
y
 =
2 1
0 .4 H O d seks
y
 = 2 2
2 1
H2O2 ds eksy = 0.2  H2O2 dk nzO;eku (lS)kfUrd) = 0.2 × 34 = 6.8 g
mRikfnr H2O2 d k Hkkj ¼okLrfod ½ 0.34
% yfC/k = mRikfnr H O d k Hkkj ¼lS) kfUrd ½ 100 =  100 = 5 %.
2 2 6 .8
g of NH3 and 40 g of O2, then what mass % of excess reagent will be left behind ? Report your answer as
Mass % of excess reagent left behind
'Y' where Y = . [T]
10
4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O

HNO3 ds fuekZ.k ds fy, vkWLVokYM fof/k esa uhps nh xbZ vfHkfØ;k ,d egRoiw.kZ in gSA ;fn ge vfHkfØ;k] 6.8 g NH3 o
40 g O2 ls izkjEHk djrs gksa] rks vkf/kD; esa fy;s x;s vfHkdeZd dk fdruk % 'ks"k jg tk;sxk \ vius mÙkj dks 'Y' ds :i
vkf/kD; es
afy ; sx; svfHkd eZd d k ' ks"k Hkkj %
esa Hkjsa] tgk¡ Y = .
10
4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O

Ans. 6
Sol. 4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O
6. 8 40
Mole 17 32
= 0.4 = 1.25
mole 0 .4 1.25
st. coeff . 4 5
= 0.1 = 0.25
0 .4  5
4
(mO2 )left 0.75  32
O2 initial 40
Therefore, ans is 6.
Sol. 4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O
6. 8 40
eksy 17 32
= 0.4 = 1.25
eksy
jllehd j.kferh 0 .4 1.25
xq.kkad 4 5
= 0.1 = 0.25
0 .4  5
(LR) vfHkd`r eksy = = 0.5 blfy,] 'ks"k cps eksy = 0.75
4
(mO 2 )'ks
"k 0.75  32
kjEHk
× 100 = × 100 = 60 vr% mÙkj 6 gSA
40

3._ 5 moles of A and 6 moles of Z are mixed with sufficient amount of C to produce final product F. Find the
A + 2Z  B ; B + C  Z + F
Ans. 5
Sol. A + 2Z  B
5mol 6mol
2mol L.R. 3mol
B + C  Z + F
3mol 3mol 3mol
2mol 3mol 1.5mol
0.5mol L.R.
B + C  Z + F
L.R. 0.5mol
B + C  Z + F
4. Consider the reaction of oxide of a hypothetical element X : [M]

X2O5 + CO  X2O3 + CO2 (unbalanced)
If the percentage yield of this reaction is 20%, what mass of Carbon monoxide (in kg) is required to produce
10 moles of X2O3?
Report your answer, rounding it off to the nearest whole number .
,d dkYifud rRo X ds vkWDlkbM dh vfHkfØ;k dk voyksdu dhft;s :
X2O5 + CO  X2O3 + CO2 (vlarqfyr)
;fn bl vfHkfØ;k dh izfr'kr yfC/k 20% gks] rks 10 eksy X2O3 mRikfnr djus ds fy, dkcZu eksuksvkWDlkbM dk D;k nzO;eku
(kg esa) vko';d gS?
vkidk mÙkj fudVre iw.kkZad esa nhft;sA
Ans. 3
Sol. X2O5 + 2CO  X2O3 + 2CO2
nactual = 10
100
 nexpected = 10  = 50
20
50  2
 nCO required = = 100 moles.
1
 mCO required = 100 × 28 = 2800 g
= 2.8 kg  3 kg
gy X2O5 + 2CO  X2O3 + 2CO2
nokLrfod = 10
100
 nvk'kkfUor = 10  = 50
20
50  2
 nCO vko';d = = 100 moles.
1
 mCO vko';d = 100 × 28 = 2800 g
= 2.8 kg  3 kg
5. Consider the following unbalanced reactions : [M]

A2 + B3  A2B + B2
A2 B + C2  AC + BC2
AC + B2  A2B + BC2
Calculate number of moles of BC2 formed if initially two mole of A2 and 10 moles each of B3 and C2 were
taken . Assume that reactions proceed to completion.
fuEufyf[kr vlarqfyr vfHkfØ;kvksa ij fopkj dhft, %
A2 + B3  A2B + B2
A2 B + C2  AC + BC2
AC + B2  A2B + BC2

;fn çkjEHk esa A2 ds nks eksy rFkk B3 o C2 çR;sd ds 10 eksy fy;s x, gks rks mRikn BC2 ds eksyksa dh la[;k ifjdfyr
dhft,A eku yhft, fd lHkh vfHkfØ;k,¡ iw.kZr% lEiUu gksrh gSA
Ans. 4 moles eksy
Sol. A2 + B3  A2B + B2
A2 B + 2 C2  2AC + BC2
2AC + B2  A2B + BC2
Total moles of BC2 formed = 4 mol.
fufeZr BC2 ds dqy eksy = 4 eksyA
Ans. 4
100
60
100
60
7. For the reaction : A + 2B  C [E]

5 mole of A and 8 mole of B will produce, how many moles of C ?
vfHkfØ;k : A + 2B  C
esa 5 eksy A rFkk 8 eksy B vkil esa fØ;k djds C ds fdrus eksy mRiUu djsaxs \
Ans. 4
Sol. A + 2B  C
5 8
5 8
(B is L.R) (B, L.R gS)
1 2
From mole–mole analysis eksy&eksy fo'ys"k.k ls
8 nC
=
2 1
8. 5 moles of A and 6 moles of Z are mixed with sufficient amount of C to produce final product F. Find the
5 eksy A o 6 eksy Z, C dh i;kZIr ek=kk ds lkFk fefJr gksdj vfUre mRikn F cukrs gSA F ds eksyksa dh vf/kdre la[;k Kkr
dhft, tks fd mRikfnr gks ldrh gSA ;g ekudj fd cuk;s x;s mRikn dks iqu% iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gSA lEcfU/kr larqfyr
lehdj.k fuEu gSa %
A + 2Z  B ; B + C  Z + F
Ans. 5
Sol. A + 2Z  B
5mol 6mol
2mol L.R. 3mol
B + C  Z + F
3mol 3mol 3mol
2mol 3mol 1.5mol
0.5mol L.R.
B + C  Z + F
L.R. 0.5mol
B + C  Z + F
cuk;s x;s ‘F’ ds dqy eksy = 3 + 1.5 + 0.5 = 5 mol.
Double Integer :
g of NH3 and 40 g of O2, then what mass % of excess reagent will be left behind ? [M]
NH3 + O2  NO + H2O
HNO3 ds fuekZ.k ds fy, vksLVokWYM fof/k esa uhps nh xbZ vfHkfØ;k ,d egRoiw.kZ in gSA ;fn ge vfHkfØ;k] 6.8 g NH3 o
40 g O2 ls izkjEHk djrs gksa] rks vkf/kD; esa fy;s x;s vfHkdeZd dk fdruk % 'ks"k jg tk;sxk \
NH3 + O2  NO + H2O
Ans. 60
Sol. 4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O
6. 8 40
Mole 17 32
= 0.4 = 1.25
mole 0 .4 1.25
st. coeff . 4 5
= 0.1 = 0.25
0 .4  5
4
(mO2 )left 0.75  32
O2 initial 40
Sol. 4NH3 + 5O2  4NO + 6H2O
6. 8 40
eksy 17 32
= 0.4 = 1.25
eksy
jl l ehd j.kferh 0 .4 1.25
xq.kkad 4 5
= 0.1 = 0.25
0 .4  5
(LR) vfHkd`r eksy = = 0.5
4
blfy,] 'ks"k cps eksy = 0.75

(mO 2 )'ks
"k 0.75  32
kjEHk
× 100 = × 100 = 60
40
Subjective :
1. A salt sample being analyzed contains 80% impurities by mass, out of which 80% are soluble in benzene.
The salt is insoluble in benzene. A given amount of salt sample is dissolved in benzene and then filtered and
dried. This residue on heating loses 25% of its mass. (Salt is non-volatile, does not vaporizes). [T]
(a) What is the mass % of impurity in final product obtained after heating the residue ?
(b) If the salt is KCl, then find the number of moles of Cl2 that can be evolved by the following reaction, if
initial mass of sample is 372.5 g. [8 + 2 = 10 Marks]
2KCl  2K + Cl2 
Ans (a) 26 % (b) 0.5 moles
Sol. (a) Let initial mass of sample = 100 g.
 salt + impurity
20 g 80 g
So, after filtering and drying,

we have = salt + impurity
20
= 20 g + ×80
100
= 20 g + 16 g = 36 g
On heating, 25% mass is lost, salt is non-volatile, so the mass is lost due to impurities.
25
 mass of impurity left = 16 – × 36 = 16 – 9 = 7 g
100
 mass of residue left = 20 + 7 = 27 g
7
 % of impurity = × 100 = 25.92 % 26 %
27
20
(b) Mass of KCl = × 372.5 = 74.5 g
100
74 .5
Moles of KCl = =1
74 .5
1
 Moles of Cl2 = moles.
2
2. If 7 g of CO is mixed with 8 g of O2 and made to combine to form CO2 gas, then identify which of the two
reactants is the limiting reagent. [M]
;fn 7 g CO dks 8 g O2 ds lkFk fefJr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk ;s nksuksa la;ksftr gksdj CO2 xSl cukrs gSa] rks crkb;s fd nksuksa
esa ls lhekar vfHkdeZd dkSulk gSA
Ans. CO
Sol. 2CO + O2  2CO2
Mole 0.25 0.25
Clearly, CO is the limiting reagent.
Li"Vr%] CO lhekUr vfHkdeZd gSA
3. Sodium carbonate reacts with aqueous HCl to give NaCl and CO2 according to the reaction : [M]
What mass of CO2 gas (in g) is produced on mixing 5.3 g Na2CO3 solid with 100 mL of 0.5 M HCl solution?
[4]
lksfM;e dkcksZusV] tyh; HCl ds lkFk fØ;k djds fuEu lehdj.k ds vuqlkj NaCl rFkk CO2 nsrk gS %

0.5 M HCl foy;u ds 100 mL ds lkFk 5.3 g Na2CO3 Bksl dks fefJr djus ij CO2 xSl dk fdruk nzO;eku (g esa) mRikfnr
gksrk gS \ [4]
Ans. 1.1 g
Sol. Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl (aq)  2NaCl (aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
5 .3
Mole =0.05 0.5×0.1=0.05
106
(L.R.)
 nCO produced (mRikfnr) = 0.05/2 = 0.025.
2
 mCO produced (mRikfnr) = 0.025 × 44 = 1.1 g.
2
4. Calculate the maximum amount of carbon dioxide that could be produced and write the limiting reagent in
each case : [E]
(a) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in air (excess of oxygen).
(b) 1 mole of carbon is burnt in 16 g of dioxygen.
(c) 2 moles of carbon are burnt in 16 g of dioxygen. [2 + 2 + 2 = 6 Marks]
fn x;h] izR;sd ifjfLFkfr es]a mRiUu gksus okyh dkcZu MkbZvkWDlkbM dh vf/kdre ek=kk dh x.kuk dhft;s] rFkk lhekar vfHkdeZd
Hkh fyf[k;s %
(a) ok;q esa ¼vkWDLkhtu dk vkf/kD;½ dkcZu ds 1 eksy dk nguA
(b) vkWDlhtu ds 16 g esa] dkcZu ds 1 eksy dk nguA
(c) vkWDlhtu ds 16 g esa] dkcZu ds 2 eksy dk nguA [2 + 2 + 2 = 6 Marks]
Ans. (a) L.R. = C, CO2 = 44 g, (b) L.R. = O2, CO2 = 22 g, (c) L.R. = O2, CO2 = 22 g
Sol. The balanced equation for the combustion of carbon in dioxygen or air is :
C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g)
(32 g) (44 g)
(a) In air, combustion of carbon is complete and limiting reagent = carbon (C)
Hence, 1 mole of carbon on combustion produces CO2 = 44 g
(b) As only 16 g of dioxygen is available, it is the limiting reactant.
44
Hence, CO2 produced = × 16 = 22 g
32
(c) Here again, dioxygen is the limiting reactant.
44
Therefore, CO2 produced from 16 g dioxygen = × 16 = 22 g
32
gy % MkbZvkWDlhtu vFkok ok;q mifLFkfr esa dkcZu ds ngu ds fy, larqfyr vfHkfØ;k fuEu gS %
C(s) + O2(g)  CO2(g)
(32 g) (44 g)
(a) ok;q esa dkcZu dk lEiw.kZ ngu gksrk gS rFkk lhekUr vfHkdeZd = dkcZu (C)
blizdkj] 1 eksy dkcZu ds ngu ls mRiUu CO2 = 44 g
(b) pawfd dsoy 16 g MkbZvkWDLkhtu miyC/k gS vr% ;g lhekUr vfHkdeZd gSA
44
blizdkj] mRiUu CO2 = × 16 = 22 g
32
(c) ;gk¡] iqu% MkbZvkWDLkhtu lhekUr vfHkdeZd gSA
44
blizdkj] 16 g vkWDlhtu ls mRiUu CO2 = × 16 = 22 g
32
5. MnO2 is used in the production of KMnO4 as follows : [T]

80%
yield 2 4
90%
yield 4 2
What mass of MnO2 in grams will be required to produce 1.44 moles of KMnO4 ? [4 Marks]
KMnO4 ds mRiknu esa MnO2 dks fuEu izdkj ls iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gS %
80%
MnO2 + KNO2  K2MnO4 + NO
y fC/k
90%
K2MnO4 + H2O  KMnO4 + KOH + H2
y fC/k
1.44 eksy KMnO4 mRikfnr djus ds fy, MnO2 dk vko';d nzO;eku ¼xzke esa½ D;k gS \ [4 Marks]
Ans. 174 g
Sol. Let x moles of MnO2 will be required.
1
2
80
moles of K2MnO4 =  x = 0.8x mole
100
90
moles of KMnO4 = 0.8x  = 1.44 mole (given)
100
So, x = 2.
Thus, mass of MnO2 required = 2 × 87 = 174 g
Sol. ekuk fd x eksy MnO2 vko';d gksaxs.

1
2
80
K2MnO4 ds eksy =  x = 0.8x eksy
100
90
KMnO4 ds eksy = 0.8x  = 1.44 eksy (fn;k x;k gSA)
100
blfy,, x = 2.
bl izdkj, MnO2 dk vko';d nzO;eku = 2 × 87 = 174 g

Section (E) : Principle of atom conservation (POAC),
Reactions in sequence & parallel, Mixture analysis, % Purity MOLE CONCEPT (MOL)
SCQ
1. Consider the following reaction sequence :

3Cl2 + 6KOH  5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O (balanced)
KClO3  KClO4 + KCl (unbalanced)
If the reaction sequence is started with 3 moles of Cl2 and 6 moles of KOH, then identify the correct
statement(s): [T]
(A) Assuming 100% yield of both reactions, a total of 5.25 moles of KCl are produced.
(B) Assuming 33.33% and 25% to be the % yield of I and II reactions respectively, 0.0625 moles of KClO4 are
produced.
(C*) Both (A) & (B)
(D) None of these
fuEu vfHkfØ;k vuqØe dk voyksdu dhft, %
3Cl2 + 6KOH  5KCl + KClO3 + 3H2O (lUrqfyr)
KClO3  KClO4 + KCl (vlUrqfyr)
;fn vfHkfØ;k vuqØe 3 eksy Cl2 rFkk 6 eksy KOH ds lkFk izkjEHk gksrk gks] rks lgh dFku¼uksa½ dks igpkfu, %
(A) nksuksa vfHkfØ;kvksa dh 100% yfC/k ysus ij dqy 5.25 eksy KCl mRikfnr gksxkA
(B) I o II vfHkfØ;kvksa ds fy, Øe'k% 33.33% rFkk 25% yfC/k ysus ij 0.0625 eksy KClO4 mRikfnr gksxkA
(C*) (A) o (B) nksuksa
(D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. Assuming 100% yield of both reactions,
moles 3 6 5 1
4KClO3  3KClO4 + KCl (balanced)
moles 1 3/4 1/4
Thus, a total of 5 + 0.25 = 5.25 moles of KCl are produced.
Assuming 33.33% and 25% to be the % yield of I and II reactions respectively,
33 .33
moles 3 6 100
×1
= 1/3
4KClO3  3KClO4 + KCl (balanced)
25  (1 / 3)  3 
moles 1/3 100
× 4

 
= 0.0625
Thus, 0.0625 mole KClO4 is produced.
Sol. nksuksa vfHkfØ;kvksa dh 100% yfC/k ekurs gq,,
eksy 3 6 5 1
4KClO3  3KClO4 + KCl (lUrqfyr)
eksy 1 3/4 1/4
bl izdkj] KCl ds dqy 5 + 0.25 = 5.25 eksy curs gaSA
;g ekudj fd I o II vfHkfØ;k ds fy, yfC/k Øe'k% 33.33% o 25% gS]
33 .33
eksy 3 6 100
×1
= 1/3
4KClO3  3KClO4 + KCl (lUrqfyr)
25  (1 / 3)  3 
eksy 1/3 100
× 4

 
= 0.0625
bl izdkj] 0.0625 eksy KClO4 mRikfnr gksrk gSA

Chemistry\1. Mole Concept\Principle of atom......
2. Manganese oxide (MnO2) is heated in stream of hydrogen to give water and new oxide MnxOy. If 17.4 g
MnO2 produces 12.6 g of MnxOy then y : x will be [at. wt. of Mn = 55] [T]
eSXuht vkWDlkbM (MnO2) dks gkbMªkstu dh Hkki esa xeZ djus ij ty rFkk u;k vkWDlkbM MnxOy nsrk gSA ;fn MnO2
ds 17.4 xzke MnxOy ds 12.6 xzke cukrk gS] rc y : x gksxk [Mn dk ijek.kq Hkkj = 55]
(Mole concept(P))
1 3 5
(1) 1 (2*) (3) (4)
2 2 2
Sol. MnO2 + H2  MnxOy + H2O
17.4 g 12.6 g
Applying POAC for Mn (Mn ds fy, POAC iz;qDr dj)
17.4 12.6
1  x
87 55x  16y
12.6
0.2 = 55  16 y 
x
y
11 + 3.2   = 12.6
x
y 1

x 2
3. 4.14 g of pure lead was dissolved in nitric acid and was made to react with HCl, Cl2 and NH4Cl to convert lead
completely into (NH4)2PbCl6. However, only 2.28 g of (NH4)2PbCl6 was actually produced. The percentage
yield of the product is. [M]
(Atomic wt. of Pb = 207)
'kq) ysM (lhlk) ds 4.14 g dks ukbfVªd vEy esa foy; fd;k x;k rFkk bls HCl, Cl2 rFkk NH4Cl ls vfHkd`r djkdj ysM
dks iw.kZr;k (NH4)2PbCl6 esa ifjofrZr fd;k x;kA ;|fi okLro es]a (NH4)2PbCl6 ds dsoy 2.28 g gh izkIr gksrs gSA rc mRikn
dh izfr'kr yfCèk dhft,A
(Pb dk ijek.kq Hkkj = 207)
(A) 75 (B) 37.5 (C) 50 (D*) 25
HNO3 HCl
NH4Cl
Sol. Pb      (NH4)PbCl6
Cl2
(4.14 g) (2.28 g)
Applying POAC on Pb (Pb ij POAC yxkus ij) :
1 × nPb = 1 × n(NH ) PbCl
42 6
4.14 mNH4  PbCl6 exp ected 

2
 1× =1×
207 456
 mNH4 2 PbCl6 (expected) = 9.12 g
2.28
 % yield of product (mRikn dh % yfC/k) = 9.12
× 100 = 25%.
4. 34.7 g of VOCl3 is taken to convert all chlorine in it to 86.1g AgCl. (Molar mass of AgCl = 143.5 g/mol).
Find atomic mass of V. [M]
lHkh Dyksjhu dks 86.1 g AgCl esa ifjofrZr djus ds fy, 34.7 g VOCl3 fy;k tkrk gSA (AgCl dk eksyj nzO;eku = 143.5
g/mol).
V dk ijek.kq Hkkj Kkr djksA
(A) 58 g (B) 42 u (C*) 51 u (D) 42 g
Sol. VOCl3  AgCl
34.7 86.1
M  16  106.5 143 .5
POAC on Cl
 34.7  34.7 347
3×   = 0.6  = 0.2 M = – 122.5 = 173.5 – 122.5 = 51.0
 M  122.5  M  122 .5 2
5. Equal moles of Ba(NO3)2 and Mg(ClO4)2 are present in two different solutions. As increasingly different masses
of K2SO4 are added to these solutions in two independent experiments, following graph is obtained. Which of
the following can be concluded from this graph ? (Ba = 137, K = 39, Mg = 24.3, S = 32, O = 16, N = 14, Cl
= 35.5) [M]
(A) BaSO4 and MgSO4 are precipitated in (1) and (2)

(B*) BaSO4 and KClO4are precipitated in (1) and (2)
(C) KClO4 and KNO3 are precipitated in (1) and (2)
(D) KNO3 and MgSO4 are precipitated in (1) and (2)
nks fofHkUu foy;uksa esa Ba(NO3)2 rFkk Mg(ClO4)2 ds leku eksy mifLFkr gSaA nks Lora=k iz;ksxksa esa bu foy;uksa esa K2SO4
ds c<+rs gq, fofHkUu nzO;eku feyk;s tkrs gSa] ftlls fuEu vksj[k izkIRk gksrk gSA bl vkjs[k ls D;k fu"d"kZ fudkyk tk ldrk
gS ? (Ba = 137, K = 39, Mg = 24.3, S = 32, O = 16, N = 14, Cl = 35.5)
(A) (1) o (2) esa BaSO4 o MgSO4 vo{ksfir gksrs gSaA (B*) (1) o (2) esa BaSO4 o KClO4 vo{ksfir gksrs gSaA
(C) (1) o (2) esa KClO4 o KNO3 vo{ksfir gksrs gSaA (D) (1) o (2) esa KNO3 o MgSO4 vo{ksfir gksrs gSaA
6. From the following reaction sequence [Correction by SA Mam.] [M]

Cl2 + 2KOH  KCl + KClO + H2O
3KClO  2KCl + KClO3
4KClO3  3KClO4 + KCl
How much mass of Cl2 is needed to produce 277 g of KClO4. [At. wt. K = 39, Cl = 35.5]
fuEu vfHkfØ;k Øe esa Cl2 + KOH  2KCl + KClO + H2O [Correction by SA Mam.]
3KClO  2KCl + 1KClO3
4KClO3  3KClO4 + 1KCl
KClO4 ds 277 g ds mRiknu ds fy;s vko';d Dyksjhu ds Hkkj dh x.kuk djks& [ijek.kq Hkkj K = 39, Cl
= 35.5]
(A) 142 g (B) 205 g (C) 284g (D*) 568 g
277
Sol. Moles of KClO4 = =2
138 .5
From the given reaction moles of Cl2 required = 4 x moles of KClO4 = 4 × 2 = 8
 mass = 71 × 8 = 568 g

277
gy. KClO4 ds eksy =
138 .5
=2
nh xbZ vfHkfØ;k ls vko';d Cl2 = 4 x KClO4 ds eksy =4×2=8

 Hkkj = 71 x 8 = 568 g
7. 3.36 L of O2(g) is measured at STP if 20.7 g of sample of calcium chlorate [Ca(ClO3)2] undergoes the
complete decomposition into CaCl2(s) and O2(g). The % purity of calcium chlorate sample is : [M]

Ca(ClO3)2  CaCl2(s) + 3O2
STP ij O2(g) dk vk;ru 3.36 L ekfir fd;k x;kA ;fn dSfY'k;e DyksjsV [Ca(ClO3)2] ds ,d izkn'kZ dk 20.7 g, CaCl2(s)
rFkk O2(g) esa iw.kZ fo;ksftr gksrk gS] rc dSfY'k;e DyksjsV izkn'kZ dh % 'kq)rk gS %

Ca(ClO3)2  CaCl2(s) + 3O2
(A) 100% (B*) 50% (C) 6.9% (D) 38%

Sol. Ca(ClO3)2  CaCl2(s) + 3O2
x mole 3x mole
3.36
3x =
22 .4
x = 0.05
Wt. of Ca(ClO3)2 in the sample (izkn'kZ esa Ca(ClO3)2 dk Hkkj) = 0.05 × 207 = 10.35 g
10.35
% purity (% 'kq)rk) = × 100 = 50%
20.7
8. PCl5 + H2O  H3PO4 + HCl [M]

heat
nH3PO4  (HPO3)n + nH2O
upto 316 º C
The mass of PCl5 is required to prepare 320 gm of cyclic meta phosphoric acid (HPO3)n is :
PCl5 + H2O  H3PO4 + HCl
316 ºC rd
nH3PO4    (HPO3)n + nH2O
xeZd jusij
320 gm pfØ; esVk QkLQksfjd vEy (HPO3)n cukus ds fy, PCl5 dk nzO;eku vko';d gS %
(A) 208.5 gm (B) 417 gm (C) 1042.5 gm (D*) 834 gm
Sol. PCl5 + 4H2O  H3PO4 + 5HCl
POAC for 'P' atom
1 × mole of PCl5 = n × mole of (HPO3)n
mass of PCl5 320
=n×
208.5 80  n
mass of PCl5 = 834 gm.
gy- PCl5 + 4H2O  H3PO4 + 5HCl
'P' ijek.kq ij POAC ykxw djus ij
1 × PCl5 ds eksy = n × (HPO3)n ds eksy
PCl5 d k nz
O; eku 320
=n×
208 .5 80  n
PCl5 dk nzO;eku = 834 gm.
9. Equal masses of I2 and Br2 react completely leaving no reactants. Mole fraction of IBr3 in the mixture containing
only IBr and IBr3 is nearly : [Ref. SM Sir] [T]
(A*) 0.3 (B) 0.5 (C) 0.7 (D) none of these
I2 o Br2 ds leku nzO;eku iw.kZ :i ls fØ;k dj dksb Z vfHkdkjd ugha NksM+rs gSA dso y IBr o IBr3 ;qDr feJ.k esa IBr3
dk eksy fHkUu yxHkx fuEu gS %
(A*) 0.3 (B) 0.5 (C) 0.7 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

Sol. I2 + Br2  IBr + IBr3
wg wg
w w
254 160
– – a b
by applying POAC on  and Br respecitively. Øe'k% I rFkk Br ij POAC ykxw djus ij
w
(I) 2× =a×1+b×1
254
w
(II) 2× =a×1+b×2
160
On solving (II) – (I) (II) – (I) dks gy djus ij
w  112 
a=  
127  160 
47 w
b=
160  127
b
Mole fraction of IBr3 (IBr3 dk eksy izHkkt) = = 0.29  0.3 Ans.
ab
10. When 5.08 gm I2 and 3.55 gm Cl2 are completely reacted according to the following reaction, calculate the
number of moles of ICl & ICl3 produced. (Moderate) (mole) [E]
I2 + Cl2  ICl + ICl3
tc 5.08 gm I2 ,oa 3.55 gm Cl2 dks fuEu vfHkfØ;k ds vuqlkj iw.kZ :i ls vfHkd`r djk;k tkrk gS rks ICl ,oa ICl3 ds izkIr
gksus okys eksyksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft;sA
I2 + Cl2  ICl + ICl3
(A) 0.01 & rFkk 0.01 (B) 0.02 & rFkk 0.02 (C) 0.02 & rFkk 0.01 (D*) 0.01 rFkk & 0.03
5.08
Sol. POAC for I – x2=x+y .... (1)
254
3.55
POAC for Cl – x 2 = x + 3y .... (2)
71
by substracting eq. (1) from eq. (2)
lehdj.k (2) ls (1) dks ?kVkus ij
x + 3y = 0.05 x 2 .... (2)
x + y = 0.02 x 2 .... (1)
– – –
____________________________________
2y = 0.06 y = 0.03
Hence from eq. (1) x = 0.01 vr% leh- (1) ls x = 0.01
11. When 5.08 g I2 and 3.55 g Cl2 are completely reacted according to the following reaction, calculate the
number of moles of ICl & ICl3 produced. [M]
I2 + Cl2  ICl + ICl3
tc 5.08 g I2 ,oa 3.55 g Cl2 dks fuEu vfHkfØ;k ds vuqlkj iw.kZ :i ls vfHkd`r djk;k tkos rks ICl ,oa ICl3 ds izkIr gksus
okys eksyksa dh la[;k Kkr dhft,A
I2 + Cl2  ICl + ICl3
(A) 0.01 & 0.01 (B) 0.02 & 0.02 (C) 0.02 & 0.01 (D*) 0.01 & 0.03
5.08
Sol. POAC for I – x2=x+y .... (1)
254
3.55
POAC for Cl – x 2 = x + 3y .... (2)
71
by substracting eq. (1) from eq. (2)

lehdj.k (1) ls (2) dks ?kVkus ij
x + 3y = 0.05 x 2 .... (2)
x + y = 0.02 x 2 .... (1)
– – –
____________________________________
2y = 0.06 y = 0.03
Hence from eq. (1) x = 0.01
vr% leh (1) x = 0.01
12. A solution containing 0.1 mole of a metal chloride MClx requires 500 mL of 0.8 M AgNO3 solution for
complete precipitation. The value of x is : [M] (MOL)
,d /kkrq DyksjkbM MClx ds 0.1 eksy ;qDr ,d foy;u ds iw.kZ :i ls vo{ksi.k ds fy, 0.8 M AgNO3 foy;u ds 500 mL
vko';d gaSA x dk eku fuEu gS %
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C*) 4 (D) 3
Sol. MClx + AgNO3  AgCl + MNO3
POAC on Ag
500
× 0.8 = 1 × mole of AgCl
1000
 mole of AgCl = 0.4 ...........(A)
POAC on Cl
0.1 × x = 1 × mole of AgCl = 0.4..............(A)
 mole of AgCl = 0.1 x ....................(B)
put eq (B) in eq (A)
0.1 x = 0.4
x=4
gy % MClx + AgNO3  AgCl + MNO3
Ag ij POAC
500
× 0.8 = 1 × AgCl ds eksy
1000
 AgCl ds eksy = 0.4 ...........(A)
Cl ij POAC
0.1 × x = 1 × AgCl ds eksy = 0.4..............(A)
 AgCl ds eksy = 0.1 x ....................(B)
leh- (A) esa (B) dks j[kus ij
0.1 x = 0.4
x=4
13. 4.00 g of mixture of NaCl and Na2CO3 was dissolved in HCl to produced 560 ml CO2 at STP. The Percent-
age composition of the original mixture is (At.wt. Na = 23, C = 12) [MOL]
(Na2CO3 + 2HCl  2NaCl + H2O + CO2)
STP ij 560 ml CO2 mRikfnr djus ds fy, NaCl vkSj Na2CO3 ds feJ.k ds 4.00 g dks HCl esa foys; djrs gSA ewy feJ.k
dk izfr'kr laxBu gksxkA (ijek.kq Hkkj Na = 23, C = 12)
(Na2CO3 + 2HCl  2NaCl + H2O + CO2)
(A*) 33.75%, 66.25% (B) 40%, 60% (C) 25.75%, 74.25% (D) 60%, 40%
Sol. Na2CO3  CO2
Apply POAC mole of Na2CO3 = Mole of CO2 = 0.025 mole
mass of Na2CO3 = 0.025 × 106 = 2.65 g
2.65
% of Na2CO3 = × 100 = 66.25%
4
% of NaCl = 33.75%
gy. Na2CO3  CO2
POAC yxkus ij Na2CO3 ds eksy = CO2 ds eksy = 0.025 eksy
Na2CO3 dk nzO;eku = 0.025 × 106 = 2.65 g
2.65
Na2CO3 dk izfr'kr = × 100 = 66.25%
4
NaCl dk izfr'kr = 33.75%
MCQ
1. 78.3 g of a volatile metal chloride, when vapourised, occupies volume of 6.72 litre at STP. When 10.44 g of the
metal chloride was heated with an excess of Mg powder, 7.6 g of MgCl2 was produced along with metal.
Then, identify the correct statement(s) : [T]
(A*) The atomic mass of metal is 119 u.
(B) The valency of the metal is 3
(C*) 4.76 g of metal is obtained on the reaction of above sample of metal chloride with Mg powder.
(D*) The mass of Mg powder used in the above reaction of metal chloride with Mg is 2.4 g, if the Mg powder
used is 80% pure.
,d ok"i'khy /kkrq DyksjkbM ds 78.3 g dks okf"ir djus ij og STP ij 6.72 L vk;ru ?ksjrk gSA tc bl /kkrq DyksjkbM
ds 10.44 g dks Mg pw.kZ ds vkf/kD; esa xeZ fd;k tkrk gS] rks 7.6 g MgCl2 ,oa /kkrq dk dqN nzO;eku izkIr gksrk gSA rc
lgh dFku@dFkuksa dks pqfu;s %
(A*) /kkrq dk ijek.kq nzO;eku 119 u gSA
(B) fn;s x;s ok"i'khy /kkrq DyksjkbM esa /kkrq dh la;kstdrk 3 gSA
(C*) /kkrq DyksjkbM dh Mg pw.kZ ls vfHkfØ;k }kjk izkIr /kkrq dk Hkkj 4.76 g gSA
(D*) /kkrq DyksjkbM dh Mg ds lkFk mijksDr vfHkfØ;k esa iz;qDr fd;k tkus okyk Mg pw.kZ dk Hkkj 2.4 g gS ¼;fn Mg pw.kZ
80% 'kq) gS½A
22.4
Sol. Mol. mass of metal chloride = x 78.3 = 261
6.72
Let the formula of metal chloride be MClx
MClx + Mg  M + MgCl2
Applying POAC on Cl : x  nMClx = 2  nMgCl2
10.44 7 .6
 x =2  x=4
261 95
 Valency of metal = 4  Formula = MCl4
 M + 4 (35.5) = 261 (M  At mass of metal)
 M = 119
Applying POAC on M : 1  nMCl4 = 1  nM
10.44 mM
 1 =1  mM = 4.76 g
261 119
 Mass of metal obtained = 4.76 g
mMg 7 .6
Applying POAC on Mg : 1  =1  mMg = 1.92 g
24 95
100
 Mass of 80% pure Mg powder used =  1.92 = 2.4 g
80
22.4
gy- /kkfRod DyksjkYM dk vkf.od nzO;eku = x 78.3 = 261
6.72
ekuk fd /kkfRod DyksjkYM dk lw=k MClx gSA
Cl ij POAC iz;qDr djus ij : x  nMClx = 2  nMgCl2

10.44 7 .6
 x =2  x=4
261 95
 /kkrq dh la;kstdrk = 4  lw=k = MCl4
 M + 4 (35.5) = 261 (M  /kkrq dk ijek.kq nzO;eku)
 M = 119
M ds fy;s POAC iz;qDr djus ij : 1  nMCl4 = 1  nM
10.44 mM
 1 =1  mM = 4.76 g
261 119
 /kkrq dk izkIr nzO;eku = 4.76 g
mMg 7 .6
Mg ds fy;s POAC iz;qDr djus ij : 1  =1  mMg = 1.92 g
24 95
100
 80% 'kq) Mg pw.kZ dk iz;qDr Hkkj =  1.92 = 2.4 g
80
2. 50 g of a mixture contains Li2CO3, K2CO3 and some non-reactive and non-volatile impurity. This mixture,
upon strong heating, liberated 0.3 moles of CO2 gas. The solid mixture obtained after heating, required 1600
mL of 0.5 M HCl solution for complete reaction. Then, select the correct option(s) : [T]
[Hint : K2CO3 + 2HCl  2KCl + CO2 + H2O]
(A*) The solid mixture obtained after heating the initial mixture weighs 36.8 g.
(B*) The initial mixture contains 22.2 g of Li2CO3.
(C*) The initial mixture contains 28% of non-reactive impurity by mass.
(D) If instead of K2CO3, equal moles of NaHCO3 is present in the initial mixture, then upon strong heating,
0.4 moles of CO2 gas will be liberated.
,d 50 g feJ.k Li2CO3, K2CO3 o dqN vfØ;k'khy o vok"i'khy v'kqf) j[krk gSA ;g feJ.k] izcy :i ls xeZ djus
ij 0.3 eksy CO2 xSl eqDr djrk gSA xeZ djus ds i'pkr~ izkIr feJ.k dh iw.kZ vfHkfØ;k ds fy, 0.5 M HCl foy;u dk
1600 mL vko';d gSA rc] lgh fodYi pqfu;s %
[ladsr : K2CO3 + 2HCl  2KCl + CO2 + H2O]
(A*) izkjfEHkd feJ.k dks xeZ djus ds i'pkr~ izkIr Bksl feJ.k dk Hkkj 36.8 g gSA
(B*) izkjfEHkd feJ.k] 22.2 g Li2CO3 ;qDr gSA
(C*) izkjfEHkd feJ.k] Hkkj dk 28% vfØ;k'khy v'kqf) j[krk gSA
(D) ;fn K2CO3 ds ctk, NaHCO3 ds leku eksy izkjfEHkd feJ.k esa mifLFkr gksa] rks izcy :i ls xeZ djus ij 0.4 eksy
CO2 xSl eqDr gksxhA
Sol. Let mass of Li2CO3 in mixture be x g, mass of K2CO3 be y g and mass of non-reactive impurity be
(50– x – y) g.
Upon heating, 0.3 moles of CO2 gas are liberated.
 mlost = 0.3 × 44 = 13.2 g
So, mass of the solid mixture obtained after heating the initial mixture = 50 – 13.2 = 36.8 g.
Upon heating the mixture, only Li2CO3 must have decomposed as follows :
Li2CO3  Li2O + CO2
0.3 mole 0.3 mole 0.3 mole
x = 0.3 × 74
= 22.2 g.
So, the initial mixture contains 22.2 g of Li2CO3.
The solid mixture obtained after heating contains Li2O, K2CO3 and non-reactive impurity, out of which Li2O
and K2CO3 undergo reaction with HCl as follows :
Li2O + 2HCl  2LiCl + H2O
0.3 mole 2×0.3=0.6 mole
K2CO3 + 2HCl  2KCl + CO2 + H2O
 y  y y
Mole=  138  Mole= 2× =
  138 69
y
(nHCl)total = 0.6 + = 0.5 × 1.6
69
 y = 13.8 g
13 .8
 nK = = 0.1 mole.
2CO3 138
 mass of impurity = 50 – 22.2 – 13.8 = 14 g.
14
Mass % of impurity in initial mixture = × 100 = 28 %.
50
If instead of K2CO3, equal moles of NaHCO3 is present in the initial mixture, then upon strong heating,
2NaHCO3  Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
0.1 1
0.1 mole = 0.05 mole
2
 Total of 0.3 (from Li2CO3) + 0.05 (from NaHCO3) = 0.35 moles of CO2 gas will be liberated.
gy ekuk fd feJ.k esa Li2CO3 dk nzO;eku x g, K2CO3 dk nzO;eku y g rFkk vfØ;k'khy v'kqf) dk nzO;eku (50– x – y) g
gSA
xeZ djus ij, 0.3 eksy CO2 xSl eqDr gksxhA
 mákl = 0.3 × 44 = 13.2 g
blfy,] izkjfEHkd feJ.k dks xeZ djus ds i'pkr~ Bksl feJ.k dk nzO;eku = 50 – 13.2 = 36.8 g.
feJ.k dks xeZ djus ij] dsoy Li2CO3 fo[kf.Mr gksxkA
0.3 eksy 0.3 eksy 0.3 eksy
x = 0.3 × 74
= 22.2 g.
blfy,] izkjfEHkd feJ.k 22.2 g Li2CO3 ;qDr gSA
xeZ djus ds i'pkr~ Bksl feJ.k] Li2O, K2CO3 rFkk vfØ;k'khy v'kqf) j[krk gS] ftlesa ls Li2O rFkk K2CO3 fuEu izdkj
ls HCl ds lkFk vfHkfØ;k djrs gSa :
0.3 eksy 2×0.3=0.6 eksy
K2CO3 + 2HCl  2KCl + CO2 + H2O
 y  y y
eksy =  138  eksy = 2× 138 = 69
y
(nHCl)dqy = 0.6 + = 0.5 × 1.6
69
 y = 13.8 g
13 .8
 nK = = 0.1 eksy
2CO3 138
 v'kqf) dk nzO;eku = 50 – 22.2 – 13.8 = 14 g.
14
izkjfEHkd feJ.k esa v'kqf) dk nzO;eku % = 50
× 100 = 28 %.
;fn K2CO3 ds ctk, izkjfEHkd feJ.k esa NaHCO3 ds leku eksy mifLFkr gksa] rc izcy :i ls xeZ djus ij fuEu vfHkfØ;k
gksrh gS]
2NaHCO3  Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
0.1 1
0.1 eksy = 0.05 eksy
2
 0.3 (Li2CO3 ls) + 0.05 (NaHCO3 ls) dqy eksy = 0.35 eksy CO2 xSl eqDr gksxhA
A/R
Comprehension :
We know that balancing of a chemical equation is entirely based on law of conservation of mass. However
the concept of Principle of Atom Conservation (POAC) can also be related to law of conservation of mass in
a chemical reaction. So, POAC can also act as a technique for balancing a chemical equation.
For example, for a reaction :
ABC3  AB + C2
n ABC3 n AB nC2
On applying POAC for A, B & C and relating the 3 equations, we get : = = (nx : number of
2 2 3
moles of X)
Thus, the coefficients of ABC3 , AB & C2 in the balanced chemical equation will be 2,2 & 3 respectively and
the balanced chemical equation can be represented as :
2ABC3  2AB + 3C2

ge tkurs gSa fd fdlh jklk;fud lehdj.k dks larqfyr djus ds fy;s nzO;eku laj{k.k dk fu;e iz;qDr gksrk gSA tcfd
jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k esa ijek.kq laj{k.k dk fl)kUr (POAC) Hkh nzO;eku laj{k.k ds fu;e ls lacaf/kr gSA vr%] POAC ls ge
vfHkfØ;k dks larqfyr dj ldrs gSaA
mnkgj.k ds fy,] fuEu vfHkfØ;k gsrq %
ABC3  AB + C2
n ABC3 n AB
A, B rFkk C ij POAC iz;qDr djus ij 3 lehdj.k izkIr gksrs gSa rFkk rhukssa lehdj.kksa ls gesa izkIr gksxk % =
2 2
nC2
=
3
(nx : X dseksyksa dh la[;k)
vr%] larqfyr jklk;fud lehdj.k esa ABC3 , AB ,oa C2 ds larqfyr vfHkfØ;k xq.kkad Øe'k% 2,2 rFkk 3 gksxsa rFkk larqfyr
vfHkfØ;k fuEu gksxh % 2ABC3  2AB + 3C2
vc fuEu iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft, %
1. For the unbalanced chemical equation given below, which of the following statement is correct :
[T] (Mole Concept--1)
v|ksfyf[kr vlarqfyr jklk;fud lehdj.k ds fy;s] fuEu esa ls dkSulk dFku lR; gS %
X + Y2  XY3
(A) n X = 1.5 × n Y2 (B) n Y2 = n XY3 (C*) n Y2 = 1.5 × n X (D) n X = 3 × n XY3
Sol. On applying POAC for X and Y respectively, we get :
1 × n X = 1 × n XY3 .... (3)
2 × n Y2 = 3 × n XY3 .... (4)
by (3) & (4) , n Y2 = 1.5 × n X

gy X rFkk Y ij POAC yxkus ij] gesa izkIr gksrs gSa %
1 × n X = 1 × n XY3 .... (3)
2 × n Y2 = 3 × n XY3 .... (4)
leh- (3) rFkk (4) ls , n Y2 = 1.5 × n X

2. If in the above question, the atomic masses of X and Y are 10 and 30 respectively, then the mass of XY3
formed when 120 g of Y2 reacts completely with X is : [M] (Mole Concept--1)
;fn mijksDr iz'u esa] X rFkk Y ds ijek.kq Hkkj Øe'k% 10 rFkk 30 gSa rFkk tc 120 g Y2, X ds lkFk iw.kZr% fØ;k djrk gS]
rks XY3 dk fdruk Hkkj izkIr gksxk %
(A*) 133.3 g (B) 200 g (C) 266.6 g (D) 400 g
Sol. From (3) and (4),
nx n Y2 n XY3
= =
2 3 2
 Balanced equation : 2X + 3Y2  2XY3
120 4
n Y2 =   n XY3 
60 3
4
= 2   m XY3  × 100 = 133.3 g
3
gy. leh (3) rFkk (4) ls
nx n Y2 n XY3
= =
2 3 2
 larqfyr lehdj.k : 2X + 3Y2  2XY3
120 4
n Y2 =   n XY3 
60 3
4
= 2   m XY3  × 100 = 133.3 g
3
Adenine is a substituted form of a heterocyclic nitrogenous base Purine. Adenine is found in both polymers
DNA and RNA. Adenine is composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen and has a molecular
mass of 135 amu. Upon analysis, it was found that the ratio of % (by wt.) of carbon to that of total % (by wt)
of hydrogen and nitrogen was found to be 4 :5 respectively.
,fMfuu] ,d fo"kepfØ; ukbVªkstu {kkj I;wfju dk ,d izfrLFkkfir :i gSA ,fMfuu] DNA rFkk RNA nksuksa cgqydksa esa ik;k
tkrk gSA ,fMfuu dkcZu] gkbMªkstu rFkk ukVªkstu rRoksa ls feydj cuk gksrk gS rFkk bldk v.kqHkkj 135 amu gSA fo'ys"k.k
djus ij ;g ik;k x;k dh dkcZu dk % (Hkkj ls) rFkk gkbMªkstu o ukbVªkstu ds dqy % (Hkkj ls) dk vuqikr Øe'k% 4 : 5
gSA vc fuEu iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft;s %
3. The number of C–atoms in one molecule of adenine is : [M] (Mole Concept--1)

,fMfuu ds ,d v.kq esa C ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k gS %
(A*) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 8
Sol. % C + % H + % N = 100
4x + 5x = 100  x = 100/9
 % C = 4x = 400 /9
400 135
weight of C in adenine =  = 60 amu
9 100
60
 Number of C atoms in one molecule of adenine = =5
12
gy- % C + % H + % N = 100
4x + 5x = 100  x = 100/9
 % C = 4x = 400 /9
400 135
,fMfuu esa C dk Hkkj =  = 60 amu
9 100
60
 ,fMfuu ds ,d v.kq esa C ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k = =5
12
4. The mass of glucose (C6H12O6) obtained when all the carbon in 36 mg of adenine is converted into glucose is:
(Mole Concept--1)
tc ,fMfuu ds 36 mg esa lHkh dkcZu dks Xywdksl esa ifjofrZr fd;k tkrk gS rks izkIr Xywdksl (C6H12O6) dk nzO;eku gS %
(A) 32 mg (B) 50 mg (C) 48 mg (D*) 40 mg
Sol. Adenine  Glucose
Applying POAC on C
36  10 3 wt
5 =6  weight (C6H12O6) = 40  10–3 g = 40 mg
135 180
gy- ,fMfuu  Xywdksl
C ij POAC yxkus ij
36  10 3 wt
5 =6  Hkkj (C6H12O6) = 40  10–3 g = 40 mg
135 180

% purity of a substance refers to the % of pure substance present in a given sample. For instance, if a
sample of silica weighing 250g contain 150 g SiO2 and rest is impurity then % purity of sample is
150
% of SiO2 = × 100 = 60%
250
,d inkFkZ dh % 'kq)rk ,d fn;s x;s izkn'kZ esa mifLFkr 'kq) inkFkZ ds % ls lEcfU/kr gSA blds ctk, ;fn 250g Hkkj okyk
flfydk dk ,d izkn'kZ 150 g SiO2 j[krk gS o 'ks"k v'kqf);ka gS] rks izkn'kZ dk % 'kq)rk fuEu gS %
150
SiO2 dk % = × 100 = 60%
250
5. A sample of silica contained 15g of SiO2, 25g clay and rest is water. If % purity of SiO2 sample is 20%, then
calculate mass of water in it. [M]
flfydk dk ,d izkn'kZ 15g SiO2, 25g jsr o 'ks"k ty j[krk gSA ;fn SiO2 izkn'kZ dh % 'kq)rk 20% gS] rks blesa ty dk
nzO;eku ifjdfyr dhft;sA
(A) 25g (B) 15g (C*) 35g (D) 40g
Sol. Let mass of water be xg. (ekuk fd ty dk nzO;eku xg gSA)
15
 20 = ×100  40 + x = 75  x = 35 g.
15  25  x
6. A sample of MgCO3 weighing 50 g on heating produced 11.2 L CO2 at STP. What is the % purity of this
sample ? [M]
50 g Hkkj okyk MgCO3 dk ,d izkn'kZ xeZ djus ij STP ij 11.2 L CO2 mRikfnr djrk gSA bl izkn'kZ dh % 'kq)rk D;k
gS\
(A) 40% (B*) 84% (C) 42% (D) 80%
Sol. MgCO3 MgO + CO2
1
11.2 L = mole
2
1
moles of MgCO3 (MgCO3 ds eksy) =
2
mass of MgCO3 (MgCO3 dk nzO;eku) = 42g
42
% purity (% 'kq)rk) = × 100
50
= 84%
NH3 is formed in the following steps :
I : Ca + C  CaC2 50% yield
II : CaC2 + N2  CaCN2 + C 100% yield
III : CaCN2 + H2O  NH3 + CaCO3 50% yield
fuEu inksa ds }kjk NH3 cukbZ tkrh gS %

I : Ca + C  CaC2 50% yfC/k
II : CaC2 + N2  CaCN2 + C 100% yfC/k
III : CaCN2 + H2O  NH3 + CaCO3 50% yfC/k
7. To obtain 2 mol NH3, calcium required is : [E]

2 eksy veksfu;k dks cukus ds fy;s fdruk dSfYl;e vko';d gS \
(A) 1 mol (B) 2 mol (C) 3 mol (D*) 4 mol
8. If above reaction are carried out by taking. 80g of Ca and 36 g of C then NH3(g) produced was completely
dissolved in 500 ml of water then the molar concentration of NH4OH will be : [E]
;fn mijksDr vfHkfØ;k 80g dSfYl;e rFkk 36 g dkcZu dks ysdj djkbZ tkrh gS rc cuus okyh NH3(g) dks iw.kZ :i ls 500
ml ty esa ?kksyk tkrk gS rks NH4OH dh eksyj lkUnzrk D;k gksxh \
(A) 6 M (B) 3 M (C*) 1.5 M (D) 1 M
80
Sol. Moles of Ca = =2
40
36
Moles of C = =3
12
3
 'C' is the limiting reagent  Moles of CaC2 formed in 1st reaction = x 0.5 = 0.75
2
1 0.75
 moles of NH3 formed = 0.75 x 2 x = 0.75  molarity of NH4OH = x 1000 = 1.5 M
2 500

80
gy. Ca ds eksy = =2
40
36
C ds eksy = =3
12
 'C' ,d lhekUr vfHkdeZd gSA
3
 1st vfHkfØ;k esa cus gq, CaC2 ds eksy = x 0.5 = 0.75
2
1
 NH3 ds cus gq, eksy = 0.75 x 2 x = 0.75
2
0.75
 NH4OH dh eksyjrk = x 1000 = 1.5 M
500

We know that balancing of a chemical equation is entirely based on law of conservation of mass. However
a chemical reaction. So, POAC can also act as a technique for balancing a chemical equation. For example,
for a reaction :
ABC3  AB + C2
n ABC3 n AB nC2
2 2 3
moles of X)
2ABC3  2AB + 3C2
ge tkurs gSa fd fdlh jklk;fud lehdj.k dks larqfyr djus ds fy;s nzO;eku laj{k.k dk fu;e iz;qDr gksrk gSA tcfd ,d
jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k esa ijek.kq laj{k.k dk fl)kUr (POAC) Hkh nzO;eku laj{k.k ds fu;e ls lacaf/kr gS] vr% POAC ,d
jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k dks larqfyr djus dh ,d fof/k ¼rduhd½ dh rjg O;ogkj djrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy;s ,d vfHkfØ;k
ds fy,
ABC3  AB + C2
esa A, B rFkk C ij POAC iz;qDr djus ij 3 lehdj.k izkIr gksrs gSa rFkk rhukssa lehdj.kksa ls gesa izkIr gksrk gS :
n ABC3 n AB nC2
= = (nx : X ds eksyksa dh la[;k)
2 2 3
vr% larqfyr jklk;fud lehdj.k esa ABC3 , AB ,oa C2 ds vfHkfØ;k xq.kkad Øe'k% 2,2 rFkk 3 gksxsa rFkk larqfyr jklk;fud
vfHkfØ;k dks fuEu izdkj ls iznf'kZr dj ldrs gSaA
2ABC3  2AB + 3C2
fuEu iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft;sA
9. If the weight ratio of C and O2 present is 1 : 2 and both of reactants completely consume and form CO and
CO2 and we will obtain a gaseous mixture of CO and CO2. What would be the weight ratio of CO and CO2 in
mixture. [T]
;fn C rFkk O2 Hkkj vuqikr 1 : 2 esa mifLFkr gS rFkk nksuksa vfHkdkjd iw.kZr% iz;qDr gksdj CO rFkk CO2 cukrs gSa rFkk gesa
CO rFkk CO2 dk ,d xSlh; feJ.k izkIr gksrk gS rks feJ.k esa CO rFkk CO2 dk Hkkj vuqikr D;k gksxkA
(1) 11 : 7 (2*) 7 : 11 (3) 1 : 1 (4) 1 : 2
Sol. C + O2  CO + CO2
w 2w x gm y gm
POAC for C POAC for O

w x y 2w x y
= + 2 = + 2
12 28 44 32 28 44

w x y w x y
= + ... (1)   ..... (2)
3 7 11 4 14 11
So now
3y 3x 4x 4y
+ = +
11 7 14 11
3x 2x y
– =
7 7 11
x y x
= , y = 7 : 11
1 Ans.
7 11
Sol. C + O2  CO + CO2

w 2w x gm y gm
C ds fy;s POAC O ds fy;s POAC

w x y 2w x y
= + 2 = + 2
12 28 44 32 28 44
w x y w x y
= + ... (1)   ..... (2)
3 7 11 4 14 11
vr%
3y 3x 4x 4y
+ = +
11 7 14 11
3x 2x y
– =
7 7 11
x y x
= , y = 7 : 11 1 Ans.
7 11
10. If the atomic masses of X and Y are 10 & 30 respectivetly, then the mass of XY3 formed when 120 g of Y2
reacts completely with X is : [M]
Reaction X + Y2  XY3
;fn X rFkk Y ds ijek.kq nzO;eku Øe'k% 10 rFkk 30 gS rc ;fn Y2 ds 120 g , X ds lkFk iw.kZr;k vfHkfØ;k djrs gSa rks
XY3 dk fdruk Hkkj izkIr gksxkA vfHkfØ;k X + Y2  XY3
(1*) 133.3 g (2) 200 g (3) 266.6 g (4) 400
Sol. on applying POAC for X and Y respectiely , we get
1 x n X = 1 x n XY3 .... (3)
2 x n Y2 = 3 x n XY3 .... (4)
by (3) & (4) , n Y2 = 1.5 x n X

from (3) and (4)
nx n Y2 n XY3
= =
2 3 2
 Balanced equation : 2X + 3Y2  2XY3
120 4
n Y2 =   n XY3 
60 3
4
= 2   m XY3  x 100 = 133.3 g Ans.
3
Sol. X rFkk Y ij Øe'k% POAC yxkus ij gesa izkIr gksrk gS

1 x n X = 1 x n XY3 .... (3)
2 x n Y2 = 3 x n XY3 .... (4)

leh- (3) rFkk (4) ls , n Y2 = 1.5 x n X
leh (3) rFkk (4) ls
nx n Y2 n XY3
= =
2 3 2
 larqfyr lehdj.k : 2X + 3Y2  2XY3
120 4
n Y2 =   n XY3 
60 3
4
= 2   m XY3  x 100 = 133.3 g Ans.
3

We know that balancing of a chemical equation is entirely based on law of conservation of mass. However,
a chemical reaction. Here, we equate total moles of a particular element on reactant and product sides, if it
remains conserved in a single reaction or a reaction sequence. So, POAC can also act as a technique for
balancing a chemical equation.
For example, for a reaction :
ABC3  AB + C2
n ABC3 n AB nC2
2 2 3
moles of X)
2ABC3  2AB + 3C2
ge tkurs gSa fd fdlh jklk;fud lehdj.k dks larqfyr djus ds fy;s nzO;eku laj{k.k dk fu;e iz;qDr gksrk gSA tcfd
jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k esa ijek.kq laj{k.k dk fl)kUr (POAC) Hkh nzO;eku laj{k.k ds fu;e ls lacaf/kr gSA ;gk¡ ge vfHkdkjd
o mRikn] nksuksa rjQ] ,d fuf'pr rRo ds dqy eksy cjkcj djrs gSa] ;fn ,d ,dy vfHkfØ;k vFkok vfHkfØ;k vuqØe esa
;s lajf{kr jgrs gksaA vr%] POAC ls ge vfHkfØ;k dks larqfyr dj ldrs gSaA
mnkgj.k ds fy,] fuEu vfHkfØ;k gsrq %
ABC3  AB + C2
n ABC3 n AB
A, B rFkk C ij POAC iz;qDr djus ij 3 lehdj.k izkIr gksrh gSa] rFkk rhukssa lehdj.kksa ls gesa izkIr gksxk % =
2 2
nC2
=
3
(nx : X ds eksyksa dh la[;k)
vr%] larqfyr jklk;fud lehdj.k esa ABC3 , AB ,oa C2 ds larqfyr vfHkfØ;k xq.kkad Øe'k% 2,2 rFkk 3 gksaxs rFkk larqfyr
vfHkfØ;k fuEu gksxh % 2ABC3  2AB + 3C2
vc fuEu iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft, %
11. What percentage of Sulphur by mass is present in an organic compound, if whole of sulphur from 0.5 g
compound on conversion to BaSO4 gave its 1.165 g on analysis : [M]
,d dkcZfud ;kSfxd esa lYQj dk fdruk nzO;eku izfr'kr mifLFkr gksrk gS] ;fn 0.5 g ;kSfxd esa ls iwjs lYQj dks BaSO4
esa cnyus ij rFkk fo'ys"k.k djus ij bldk 1.165 g izkIr gksrk gS %
(A) 8% (B) 16% (C) 24% (D*) 32%
32
Sol. Mass of S in organic compound = Mass of S in BaSO4 = × 1.165 = 0.16 g
233
Mass of S
Mass % of S in orgnic compound = Mass of organic compound ×100

0.16
= × 100 = 32 %
0 .5
32
gy dkcZfud ;kSfxd esa S dk nzO;eku = BaSO4 esa S dk nzzO;eku = 233
× 1.165 = 0.16 g
S d k nzO; eku
dkcZfud ;kSfxd esa S dk nzO;eku % = d kcZfud ;kSfxd d k nzO; eku
×100
0.16
= × 100 = 32 %
0 .5
12. Whole of the carbon from x mg sucrose (C12H22O11) is completely converted into K4[Fe(CN)6] through a
series of reactions. If K4[Fe(CN)6] obtained has mass 73.6 mg, find the value of x : [M]
x mg lqØksl (C12H22O11) ls lkjs dkcZu] vfHkfØ;k dh ,d Js.kh esa ls gksdj K4[Fe(CN)6] esa cny tkrs gSaA ;fn izkIr
K4[Fe(CN)6] dk nzO;eku 73.6 mg gks] rks x dk eku Kkr djks %
(A*) 34.2 (B) 68.4 (C) 17.1 (D) 51.3
Sol. C12H22O11 —K4 [Fe(CN)6]
Applying POAC on C-atoms :
C-ijek.kq ij POAC iz;qDr djus ij :
12 × nsucrose lqØksl = 6 × n K [Fe(CN) ]
4 6
x  10 –3 73.6  10 –3
12 × =6×
342 368
x = 34.2 mg
13. 2 and Cl2 react completely to produce a mixture of Cl and Cl3. What would be the respective molar ratio of
products, if 3 moles of 2 react with 5 moles of Cl2 completely : [M]
2 o Cl2, iw.kZ :i ls fØ;k dj Cl o Cl3 dk ,d feJ.k mRikfnr djrs gSaA mRiknksa ds eksyksa dk vuqikr Øe'k% D;k gksxk]
;fn 3 eksy 2, 5 eksy Cl2 ls iw.kZ:i ls fØ;k djrh gks %
(A) 1 : 1 (B) 1 : 2 (C*) 2 : 1 (D) 4 : 1
Sol. I2 + Cl2 —Cl + Cl3
Apply POAC on –atoms :
2 × n = 1 × nCl + 1 × nCl
2 3
nICl + nICl = 6 .....................(1)
3
Apply POAC on Cl-atoms :
2 × nCl = 1 × nCl + 3 × nICl
2 3 3
nICl + 3nCl = 10 .............(2)
3
From (1) & (2),
nICl = 4 & nICl = 2
3
Molar ratio of products = 4 : 2 = 2 : 1
gy I2 + Cl2 —Cl + Cl3
–ijek.kq ij POAC iz;qDr djus ij :
2 × n = 1 × nCl + 1 × nCl
2 3
nICl + nICl = 6 .....................(1)
3
Cl–ijek.kq ij POAC iz;qDr djus ij %
2 × nCl = 1 × nCl + 3 × nICl
2 3 3
nICl + 3nCl = 10 .............(2)
3
(1) o (2) ls,
nICl = 4 & nICl = 2
3
mRiknksa dk eksyj vuqikr ¼Øe'k%½ = 4 : 2 = 2 : 1

Adenine is a substituted form of a heterocyclic nitrogenous base Purine. Adenine is found in both polymers
DNA and RNA. Adenine is composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen and has a molecular

mass of 135 amu. Upon analysis, it was found that the % (by wt.) of carbon in adenine is 44.44%.
14. The mass of glucose (C6H12O6) obtained, when all the carbon in 36 mg of adenine is converted into glucose,
is: [E]
(A) 32 mg (B) 50 mg (C) 48 mg (D*) 40 mg
Sol. % C = 44.44 = 400 /9
400 135
weight of C in adenine =  = 60 amu
9 100
60
 Number of C atoms in one molecule of adenine = =5
12
Adenine  Glucose
Applying POAC on C
36  10 3 wt
5 =6  weight (C6H12O6) = 40  10–3 g = 40 mg
135 180
15. The mass of water produced by the complete combustion of glucose obtained from the above question is :
[E]
(A) 28.8 mg (B*) 24 mg (C) 19.2 mg (D) 36 mg
Sol. C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O
180 g 108 g
40 mg x mg
4  108
x= = 24 mg
180

A weighed sample of Iron (Fe) is added to liquid Bromine (Br2 ) and allowed to react completely. The reaction
produces a single product, which can be isolated and weighed. The experiment was repeated a number of
times with different masses of Iron but with the same mass of Bromine (See the graph below).
Now answer the following questions.

vk;ju (Fe) dk ,d fuf'pr Hkkj ;qDr izkn'kZ dks nzo czksehu (Br2 ) esa feyk;k tkrk gS rFkk iw.kZ :i ls fØ;k djus fn;k
tkrk gSA vfHkfØ;k ,d ,dy mRikn cukrh gS] ftls i`Fkd dj bldk Hkkj ekfir fd;k tk ldrk gSA iz;ksx dks] vk;ju ds
fofHkUu nzO;ekuksa ds lkFk] ckjEckj fd;k tkrk gS] ysfdu czksehu ds leku nzO;eku dks fy;k tkrk gSA ¼uhps xzkQ fn;k x;k
gS½
vc fuEu iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft;sA
16. What is the molecular formula of the product : [M]

(A*) FeBr3 (B) FeBr2 (C) FeBr (D) Cannot be predicted
mRikn dk v.kqlw=k D;k gS %
(A*) FeBr3 (B) FeBr2 (C) FeBr (D) dqN dgk ugha tk ldrkA
Sol. Let mol. formula of product be FeBrx.
Applying POAC on Fe :
1 × nFe = 1 × nproduct
2 10.6
1× =1× (from graph)
56 56  80 x
 x3
 Mol. formula = FeBr3.
gy % ekuk fd mRikn dk v.kqlw=k FeBrx gSA

Fe ij POAC iz;qDr djus ij :
1 × nFe = 1 × nproduct
2 10.6
1× =1× (vkys[k ls)
56 56  80 x
 x3
 v.kqlw=k = FeBr3.
17. What mass of Br2 is used when the reaction consumes 2 g of iron : [M]
(A) 4.6 g (B) 3.4 g (C) 6.8 g (D*) 8.6 g
Br2 dk D;k nzO;eku iz;qDr gksrk gS] tc vfHkfØ;k 2 g vk;ju dks dke esa ysrh gS %
(A) 4.6 g (B) 3.4 g (C) 6.8 g (D*) 8.6 g
Sol. When the reaction consumes 2 g of iron, mass of product formed = 10.6 g.
So, mass of Br2 used = 10.6 – 2 = 8.6 g. (from law of conservation of mass)
gy % tc vfHkfØ;k 2 g vk;ju dks dke esa ysrh gS, rks cuk;s x;s mRikn dk nzO;eku = 10.6 g.
blfy,, iz;qDr Br2 dk nzO;eku = 10.6 – 2 = 8.6 g. (nzO;eku laj{k.k ds fu;e ls)
18. Which statement best describes the experiments summarized by the graph : [T]
(A*) When 1 g of Fe is added to the Br2 , Fe is the Limiting Reagent.
(B) When 3.5 g of Fe is added to the Br2 , there is an excess of Br2 .
(C) When 2.5 g of Fe is added to the Br2 , both reactants are used up completely..
(D) When 2 g of Fe is added to Br2 , 10 g of product is formed, the percent yield must therefore be 20%.
xzkQ }kjk laf{kIr fd;s x;s iz;ksxksa dks fdlds }kjk lcls vPNs ls of.kZr fd;k tk ldrk gS\
(A*) tc 1 g Fe dks Br2 esa feyk;k tkrk gS] rks Fe lhekdkjh vfHkdeZd gksrk gSA

(B) tc 3.5 g Fe dks Br2 esa feyk;k trkk gS] rks Br2 vkf/kD; esa gksrk gSA
(C) tc 2.5 g Fe dks Br2 esa feyk;k tkrk gS] rc nksuksa vfHkdkjd iw.kZ :i ls iz;qDr gks tkrs gSaA
(D) tc 2 g Fe dks Br2 esa feyk;k tkrk gS] rks 10 g mRikn curk gS rFkk izfr'kr yfC/k 20% gksuh pkfg,A
Sol. It is clear from the graph that upto 2 g of Fe, mass of product increases with increasing mass of Fe. However,
for mass of Fe greater than 2 g, mass of product remains constant. So :
(a) If mFe < 2 g, then Fe is the L.R.
(b) If mFe = 2 g, then both Fe and Br2 are completely consumed.
(c) If mFe > 2 g, then Br2 is the L.R.
gy % vkys[k ls ;g Li"V gS fd 2 g Fe rd, Fe ds nzO;eku esa o`fð ds lkFk mRikn ds nzO;eku esa o`fð gksrh gSA ;|fi, Fe ds
2 g ls vf/kd nzO;eku ds fy,, mRikn dk nzO;eku fu;r jgrk gSA blfy, %
(a) ;fn mFe < 2 g, rks Fe, L.R gSA
(b) ;fn mFe = 2 g, rks Fe o Br2 nksuksa iw.kZr;k dke esa fy;s tkrs gSaA
(c) ;fn mFe > 2 g, rks Br2, L.R.gSA
T/F
1. A 2 : 3 molar ratio mixture of Na2CO3 and MgCO3 produces 0.3 mole of CO2 per mole of the initial mixture
upon strong heating. [M]
Na2CO3 o MgCO3 dk 2 : 3 eksyj vuqikr feJ.k] izcy :i ls xeZ djus ij izkjfEHkd feJ.k ds izfr eksy ls 0.3 eksy CO2
mRikfnr djrk gSA
Ans. False

Sol. Na2CO3  Does not decomposes upon heating.

3 3
5 ×1 mole 5 ×1 mole
3
So, moles of CO2 produced = × 1 = 0.6 mole.
5

Sol. Na2CO3  xeZ djus ij fo[kf.Mr ugha gksrk gSA

3 3
5 ×1 eksy 5 ×1 eksy
3
blfy,] mRikfnr CO2 ds eksy = 5
× 1 = 0.6 eksy
2. A sample containing 0.1 mole each of BaCO3, Li2CO3 and CaCO3 upon strong heating leaves a residue,
which requires 0.6 moles of HCl for complete reaction. [T]
,d izkn'kZ esa mifLFkr BaCO3, Li2CO3 rFkk CaCO3 izR;sd ds 0.1 eksy dks izcy :i ls xeZ djus ij ,d vof'k"V izkIr
gksrk gS] ftldh iw.kZ vfHkfØ;k ds fy, 0.6 eksy HCl vko';d gSaA
Ans. True

Sol. BaCO3  BaO + CO2
0.1 mole 0.1 mole

0.1 mole 0.1 mole

CaCO3  CaO + CO2
0.1 mole 0.1 mole
BaO + 2HCl  BaCl2 + H2O

0.1 mole 0.2 mole

0.1 mole 0.2 mole

0.1 mole 0.2 mole
So, total moles of HCl used up = 0.2 + 0.2 + 0.2 = 0.6 mole.

Sol. BaCO3  BaO + CO2
0.1 eksy 0.1 eksy

0.1 eksy 0.1 eksy

CaCO3  CaO + CO2
0.1 eksy 0.1 eksy
BaO + 2HCl  BaCl2 + H2O

0.1 eksy 0.2 eksy

0.1 eksy 0.2 eksy

0.1 eksy 0.2 eksy
blfy,] iz;qDr gq, HCl ds dqy eksy = 0.2 + 0.2 + 0.2 = 0.6 eksy
3. In a single chemical reaction, Principle of Atom Conservation (POAC) can be applied to all the elements
involved in it. [M]
Ans. True
Sol. In a single chemical reaction, all the elements remain conserved. So, Principle of Atom Conservation (POAC)
an be applied to all the elements involved in it.
4. While applying POAC on O-atoms for the reaction : [E]

FeS2 + O2  Fe2O3 + SO2, we get :
nO = 3 × nFe O + 2 × nSO
2 2 3 2
fuEu vfHkfØ;k ds fy, O-ijek.kqvksa ij POAC iz;qDr djus ij %
FeS2 + O2  Fe2O3 + SO2, ge fuEu lehdj.k izk Ir djrs gSa %
nO = 3 × nFe O + 2 × nSO
2 2 3 2
Ans. F
Sol. On applying POAC on O-atoms for the given reaction :
2 × nO = 3 × nFe O + 2 × nSO
2 2 3 2
gy nh xbZ vfHkfØ;k ds fy, O-ijek.kqvksa ij POAC iz;qDr djus ij %
2 × nO = 3 × nFe O + 2 × nSO
2 2 3 2
5. While dealing with a single chemical reaction, the concept of POAC can be applied for each and every
element. [M]
tc ,d gh jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k dk v/;;u fd;k tkrk gS] rks POAC ladYiuk izR;sd rRo ij ykxw gks ldrh gSA
Ans. T
Sol. In a single chemical reaction, atoms of all elements remain conserved. Hence, POAC can be applied on
each and every element.
gy. ,d gh jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k esa] lHkh rRoksa ds ijek.kq lajf{kr jgrs gSaA vr% POAC ladYiuk izR;sd rRo ij ykxw gks ldrh gSA
6. If one mole of an organic compound containing C,H and O on complete combustion produces 264 g of CO2
and 108 g of H2O, then the molecular formula of the compound must be C6H12O6. [M]
;fn C,H rFkk O ;qDr ,d dkcZfud ;kSfxd dk ,d eksy] iw.kZ ngu ij 264 g CO2 rFkk 108 g H2O nsrk gS] rks ;kSfxd
dk v.kqlw=k C6H12O6 gksxkA
Ans. False
Sol. Let the formula of organic compound be CxHyOz.
CxHyOz + O2  CO2 + H2O
Apply POAC for C : x  nC xHy O z = 1  nCO2
264
x1=1  x=6
44
Apply POAC for H : y  nC xHy O z = 2  nH2O
108
y1=2  y = 12
18
Nothing can be said about z as moles of O2 are not known. So, the formula can be C6H12Oz and z can be any
natural number. So, formula may or may not be C6H12O6.
gy- ekuk fd ;kSfxd dk lw=k CxHyOz gSA
CxHyOz + O2  CO2 + H2O
C ij POAC iz;qDr djus ij : x  nC xHy O z = 1  nCO2
264
x1=1  x=6
44
H ij POAC iz;qDr djus ij : y  n C x H y O z = 2  nH2 O
108
y1=2  y = 12
18
;gk¡ z dks Kkr ugha fd;k tk ldrk D;ksafd vko';d O2 ds eksy ugha fn;s x;s gSaA vr% ;kSfxd dk lw=k C6H12Oz gksxk] tgk¡
z dksbZ izkd`r la[;k gks ldrh gSA vr% ;kSfxd dk lw=k C6H12O6 gks ldrk gS vFkok ugha Hkh gks ldrk gSA
Single Integer
1. One mole of potassium chlorate is thermally decomposed and excess of Aluminium is burnt in the gaseous
product. How many mol of aluminium oxide are formed ?
KClO3  KCl + O2 , Al + O2  Al2O3 [M] (MOL)
,d eksy iksVsf'k;e DyksjsV dk rkih; :i ls fo[k.Mu fd;k x;k o xSlh; mRikn esa ,Y;wfefu;e ds vkf/kD; dks tyk;k
tkrk gSA ,Y;wfefu;e vkWDlkbM ds fdrus eksy curs gSa \
KClO3  KCl + O2 , Al + O2  Al2O3 (MOL)
Ans. 1
Sol. 3O
KClO3 KCl +
2 2
1 mole 3 mole
2
3 O
2Al + Al2O3
2 2
3 mole
excess 1 mole
2
moles of Al2O3 formed = 1.
Sol.
fufeZr Al2O3 ds eksy = 1.
2. An impure sample of cuprite (Cu2O) contains 66.6% Copper by mass. Find the ratio of % of pure
66.6  143
Cu2O to % of impurity by mass in the sample. Take = 37.5. [M] [SKC Sir 2011]
254
D;wizkbV (Cu2O) dk ,d v'kq) izkn'kZ] æO;eku ls 66.6% dkWij j[krk gSA izkn'kZ esa 'kq) Cu2O ds nzO;eku % o v'kfq)
66.6  143
ds nzO;eku % dk vuqikr Kkr dhft;sA = 37.5 yhft;sA
254
Ans. 3
66.6  143
2  63 .5
75
25

3. Consider the following reactions :
CoF2 + F2  CoF3
+ CoF3  + HF + CoF2
What mass of F2 (in kg) will be consumed in first reaction to produce 2 kg of Teflon polymer
in second reaction ?
Given your answer rounding it off to the nearest whole number. [T]
fuEu vfHkfØ;kvksa dk voyksdu dhft, %

CoF2 + F2  CoF3
+ CoF3  + HF + CoF2
izFke vfHkfØ;k esa F2 dk D;k nzO;eku (kg esa) dke esa fy;k tk;s] rkfd f}rh; vfHkfØ;k esa 2 kg Vs¶ykWu cgqyd
mRikfnr gks \
viuk mÙkj fudVre iw.kk±d esa nhft,A
Ans. 3
Sol. Balanced reactions are :
2CoF2 + F2  2CoF3
 + 8nCoF3  + 4nHF + 8nCoF2
2000 20
Mole = 100n = n
20
 Moles of CoF3 = × 8n = 160
n
 Mass of F2 gas conssumed in I reaction = Moles of F2 × GMMF2
1 
=  2 160  × 38
 
= 3040 g = 3.04 kg  3
Sol. lUrqfyr vfHkfØ;k,¡ fuEu gSa %
2CoF2 + F2  2CoF3
 + 8nCoF3  + 4nHF + 8nCoF2
2000 20
eksy = 100n = n
20
 CoF3 ds eksy = × 8n = 160
n
 I vfHkfØ;k esa iz;qDr F2 xSl dk nzO;eku = F2 ds eksy × GMMF2
1 
=  2 160  × 38 = 3040 g = 3.04 kg  3
 
4. A sample of CaCO3 weighing 10 g is 25% pure. What mass of pure CaCO3 should be added to it to increase
its purity to 50%. [M]
10 g Hkkj j[kus okyk CaCO3 dk ,d izkn'kZ 25% 'kq) gksrk gSA 'kq)rk 50% rd c<+kus ds fy, blesa 'kq) CaCO3 dk D;k
nzO;eku feyk;k tkuk pkfg,\
Ans. 5
Sol. Mass of pure CaCO3 present in 10 g CaCO3 (10g CaCO3 esa mifLFkr 'kq) CaCO3 dk nzO;eku)
25
= × 10 = 2.5 g
100
Let mass of pure CaCO3 added be xg (ekuk fd 'kq) CaCO3 dk nzO;eku xg feyk;k tkrk gSA)
2 .5  x 2.5  x   2
50 = × 100  1 =
10  x 10  x
10 + x = 5 + 2x x = 5

5. An impure sample of cuprite (Cu2O) contains 66.6% Copper. Find the ratio of % of pure Cu2O to % of
impurity by mass in the sample. [SKC Sir 2011] [M]
D;wizkbV (Cu2O) dk ,d v'kq) izkn'kZ] 66.6% dkWij j[krk gSA izkn'kZ esa 'kq) Cu2O ds nzO;eku % o v'kfq) ds nzO;eku
% dk vuqikr Kkr dhft;sA
Ans. 3
66.6  143
2  63 .5
75
25
7. A 3 : 2 molar ratio mixture of FeO and Fe2O3 react with oxygen to produce a 2 : 3 molar ratio mixture of FeO
and Fe2O3. Find the mass (in g) of O2 gas required per mole of the initial mixture. [M]
Ans. 2
Sol. From one mole of initial mixture, some FeO must have reacted with oxygen and got converted into Fe2O3.
4FeO + O2  2Fe2O3
3 2
Initial moles
5 5
3 2 x
Final moles –x +
5 5 2
But, final moles ratio is 2 : 3.
3 
  x
5  2
 2 x
=
3
  
5 2
1
 x=
4
1
 Moles of FeO reacted = x =
4
1 1
 Moles of O2 required = (x) = = 0.0625
4 16
 Mass of O2 required = 0.0625 × 32 = 2 g
Ans. 4
100
60
100
60
9. 24 g of carbon reacts with 40 g O2 to produce a mixture of CO and CO2 leaving behind no reactants. Find the
respective ratio of moles of CO and CO2 produced. [M]
24 xzke dkcZu dh 40 g O2 ds lkFk fØ;k gksus ij dksbZ vfHkdkjd 'ks"k u cprs gq, CO o CO2 dk feJ.k] mRikn ds :i esa
çkIr gksrk gSA mRikfnr CO o CO2 ds eksyksa dk vuqikr Øe'k% Kkr dhft;sA
Ans. 3
Sol. C + O2  CO + CO2
Apply POAC on C and O : (C o O ijek.kq ij POAC iz;qDr djus ij)

1 × nC = 1 × nCO + 1 × nCO2
 2 = nCO + nCO2 ....... (1)
2 × nO2 = 1 × nCO + 2 × nCO2
 2.5 = nCO + 2 nCO2 ....... (2)

From (1) and (2), (1) o (2) ls ,
nCO = 1.5 and (vkSj) nCO2 = 0.5
1. 5
So, ratio (blfy,, vuqikr) = =3
0 .5
10. 8 g sulphur is burnt to form SO2, which on reaction with sufficient chlorine produce SO2Cl2. The
aqueous solution of SO2Cl2 is now treated with NaOH undergoing complete neutralization reaction.
Find the moles of NaOH required to react completely. [SKC Sir 2011] [T]
S + O2  SO2
SO2 + Cl2  SO2Cl2
SO2Cl2 + 2H2O  H2SO4 + 2HCl
8 g lYQj] tydj SO2 cukrk gS] tks i;kZIr Dyksjhu ls vfHkfØ;k ij SO2Cl2 mRikfnr djrh gSA SO2Cl2 ds tyh;
foy;u dks vc NaOH ds lkFk vipkfjr fd;k tkrk gS] tgk¡ mnklhuhdj.k dh vfHkfØ;k gksrh gSA iw.kZ :i ls fØ;k djus
ds fy, vko';d NaOH ds eksy Kkr dhft;sA
S + O2  SO2
SO2Cl2 + 2H2O  H2SO4 + 2HCl
Ans. 1
Sol. S + O2  SO 2
8 1 mole 1 mole
=
32 4 4

1 mole 1 mole
4 4
SO2Cl2 + 2H2O  H2SO4 + 2HCl
4 4 2
1 1
Mole of NaOH required for H2SO4 = 2 =
4 2
1
Mole of NaOH required for HCl =
2
1 1
So, total mole of NaOH required = + = 1
2 2
gy S + O2  SO 2
8 1 eksy 1 eksy
=
32 4 4

1 eksy 1 eksy
4 4
SO2Cl2 + 2H2O  H2SO4 + 2HCl
1 1 1
eksy eksy 2
eksy
4 4

1 1
H2SO4 ds fy, vko';d NaOH ds eksy = 2 =
4 2
1
HCl ds fy, vko';d NaOH ds eksy = 2
1 1
vr% NaOH ds vko';d dqy eksy = 2
+ = 1
2
11. A gaseous organic compound X was burnt in an excess of oxygen. A 0.112 dm3 sample of X, measured at
STP produces 0.88g of carbon dioxide. How many carbon atoms are there in one molecule of X ? [M]
,d xSlh; dkcZfud ;kSfxd X dk vkWDlhtu ds vkf/kD; esa ngu fd;k tkrk gS] ;fn STP ij X ds 0.112 dm3 izkn'kZ ds }kjk
dkcZuMkbZvkWDlkbM ds 0.88g izkIr gksrs gS] rks X ds ,d v.kq esa dkcZu ds fdrus ijek.kq gksxsa ?
Ans. 4
Sol. Let a be the number of C atoms per molecule of X
POAC for C
a × nx = 1 × nCO2
0.112 0.88
a× =
22.4 44
a × 5 × 10–3 = 2 × 10–2
a = 4.
gy. ekuk fd X ds izfr v.kq ds fy, C ijek.kqvksa dh la[;k a gSA
a × nx = 1 × nCO2
0.112 0.88
a× =
22.4 44
a × 5 × 10–3 = 2 × 10–2
a = 4.
12. A 1g sample of a pure organic compound containg chlorine is reacted with Na2O2 to convert chlorine to NaCl.
The sample is then dissolved in water and the chloride is precipitated with AgNO3, giving 1.96g of AgCl. If
molecular weight of organic compound is 147. How many chlorine atoms does each molecule contain ? [E]
Dyksjhu ;qDr ,d 'kq) dkcZfud ;kSfxd ds 1g izkn'kZ dh Na2O2 ds lkFk fØ;k ij Dyksjhu NaCl esa ifjofrZr gks tkrh gS]
rRi'pkr~ bl izkn'kZ dks ty esa ?kksyk tkrk gS] rks DyksjkbM AgNO3 ds lkFk vo{ksfir gksdj AgCl ds 1.96g nsrs gSA ;fn
dkcZfud ;kSfxd dk v.kqHkkj 147 gS] rks izR;sd v.kq esa Dyksjhu ds fdrus ijek.kq mifLFkr gksxsa ?
Ans. 2
Sol. Apply POAC for Cl
nCl– = nAgCl
1.96
= = 0.0136
143 .5
1
Mole of organic compound =
147
0.0136
chlorine atoms in each organic compound = = 0.0136 × 147 = 2
1/ 147
gy- Cl ds fy, POAC ykxw djus ij
nCl– = nAgCl
1.96
= = 0.0136
143 .5
1
dkcZfud ;kSfxd ds eksy =
147

0.0136
izR;sd dkcZfud ;kSfxd esa Dyksjhu ijek.kq = = 0.0136 × 147 = 2
1/ 147
Double Integer
1
C + O2  CO2 ; C + O  CO [T] (MOL)
2 2
;fn ,d ik=k esa dkcZu ds 240 g dks iw.kZr% CO2 esa cnyus ds fy, fy;k tkrk gSA ijUrq m|ksxksa esa ;g ik;k x;k fd CO2
ds lkFk CO ds 280 g Hkh curh gS rc CO2 ds fy, izfr'kr yfC/k dh x.kuk djksA gksus okyh vfHkfØ;k fuEu gS %
1
C + O2  CO2 ; C + O  CO
2 2
Ans. 50
2. The mineral haematite is Fe2O3. Haematite ore contains unwanted material called gangue in addition to
Fe2O3. If 5.0 kg of ore contains 2.8 kg of Fe, what mass percent of ore is Fe2O3? ( Assume that there is no
iron in impurities) [M] (MOL-I)
[kfut gSesVkbV Fe2O3 gksrk gSA gSesVkbV v;Ld] Fe2O3 ds vfrfjDr vokaNuh; inkFkZ j[krk gS] ftls vk/kk=kh dgrs gSaA
;fn 5.0 kg v;Ld esa 2.8 kg Fe fo|eku gS] rks v;Ld dk fdruk Hkkj izfr'kr Fe2O3 gksxk ? (;g ekurs gq, fd v'kqf)
esa dksbZ vk;ju ugha gSA)
Ans. 80
Sol. 112 g of Fe is present in 160 g of Fe2O3
160
So 2.8 Kg ________ x 2.8 kg = 4 kg of Fe2 O3
112
4
So % of Fe2O3 in ore = x 100 = 80%
5
112 g Fe , 160 g Fe2O3 esa mifLFkr gSA
160
vr% 2.8 Kg ________ x 2.8 kg = 4 kg of Fe2 O3
112
4
vr% v;Ld esa Fe2O3 dk izfr'kr = x 100 = 80%
5
Subjective :
1. Niacin (C5H4NCOOH) was prepared by a sequence of reactions. One of the starting material was Ammonium
sulphate (NH4)2SO4, which is 40% pure by mass. If all N is derived from (NH4)2SO4, then what mass of
(NH4)2SO4 sample is required to prepare 123 mg of niacin. Given that the overall yield of nitrogen conversion
from (NH4)2SO4 to niacin is 20%. 10 Marks] [T]
33
Ans. 0.825 g or g
40
Sol. Let the mass of impure (NH4)2SO4 be x g.
(NH4)2SO4  (NH4)2SO4 (pure)
40
xg 100 ×x g
0 x
moles = ×
100 132
C5H4NCOOH

123  10 3
moles =
123
= 10–3 moles
Apply POAC on N with yield.
20  40 x 
×  100  132  2  = 10–3 × 1
100  
103  10 4  132
 x= = 0.825 g.
20  40  2
2. A mixture contains Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 in mole ratio 2 : 1. On heating the mixture, 560 ml of CO2 gas is
evolved at STP.
(a) If the initial mixture is reacted with HCl, then what volume of 0.1 M HCl (in L) is required for complete
reaction?
(b) How many litres of CO2 gas are evolved at STP, when residue of heated mixture is reacted with excess
H2SO4 ?
(Given : Na2CO3 + 2H+  2Na+ + CO2 + H2O ; NaHCO3 + H+  Na+ + H2O + CO2)
[5 + 5 = 10 Marks] [T]
Ans. (a) 2.5 L (b) 2.8 L
Sol. (a) On heating only NaHCO3 decomposes
2NaHCO3  Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2 ........(i)
1
mole 560 ml
40
560 1
= mole
22400 40
1 1
 moles of NaHCO3 = 2 × = moles
40 20
1 1
nNa2CO3 = 2 × = moles
20 10
Na2CO3 + 2H+  2Na+ + CO2 + H2O ........ (ii)

1 2
mole mole
10 10
NaHCO3 + H+  Na+ + H2O + CO2 ........ (iii)

1 1
20 20
2 1 5
 Total moles of H+ = + = moles
10 20 20
V
 If V ml of HCl is used then moles of HCl = × 0.1
1000
V 5
 × 0.1 =
1000 20
 V = 2500 ml = 2.5 L.
(b) Heated mixture contains Na2CO3 only.
1 1 5 1
Mole of Na2CO3 = + = =
10 40 40 8
From equation (ii),
1
Mole of CO2 =
8
1
 Vol. of CO2 at STP = × 22.4 = 2.8 L
8
4. (i) 65.25 g of a volatile metal chloride, when vapourised, occupies volume of 5.6 litre at STP. When 5.22 g
of the metal chloride was heated with an excess of Mg powder , 3.8 g of MgCl2 was produced along with
some mass of metal. Find : [M]
(a) Atomic mass of metal.
(b) Valency of the metal in given metal chloride.
(c) Mass of metal obtained on the reaction of metal chloride with Mg powder.
(d) Mass of Mg powder used in the above reaction of metal chloride with Mg, if the Mg powder used is
80% pure.
(ii) Consider the following unbalanced reactions :
A2 + B3  A2B + B2
A2 B + C2  AC + BC2
AC + B2  A2B + BC2

Calculate number of moles of BC2 formed if initially two mole of A2 and 10 moles each of B3 and C2 were taken.
Assume that all reactions proceed to completion. [1½ + 1½ + 1½ + 1½ + 4 = 10 Marks]
Ans (i) (a) 119 ; (b) 4; (c) 2.38 g ; (d) 1.2 g
(ii) 4 moles
22.4
Sol. (i) Mol. mass of metal chloride = x 65.25 = 261
5. 6
Let the formula of metal chloride be MClx
Applying POAC on Cl : x  nMClx = 2  nMgCl2

5.22 3 .8
 x  261 = 2  95  x = 4
 Valency of metal = 4  Formula = MCl4
 M + 4 (35.5) = 261 (M  At mass of metal)
 M = 119
Applying POAC on M : 1  nMCl4 = 1  nM
5.22 mM
 1  261 = 1  119  mM = 2.38 g
 Mass of metal obtained = 2.38 g
mMg 3 .8
Applying POAC on Mg : 1  =1  mMg = 0.96 g
24 95
100
 Mass of 80% pure Mg powder used = 80  0.96 = 1.2 g
(ii) A2 + B3  A2B + B2

A2 B + 2 C2  2AC + BC2
2AC + B2  A2B + BC2
Total moles of BC2 formed = 4 moles.
5. Prior to combustion, organic sulphur has to be removed from coal. Examine the following balanced
equations : [T]
R1 — S — R2 + 2NaOH R1 — O — R2 + Na2S + H2O
Na2S + H2O + CO2  Na2CO3 + H2S
Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2  2NaOH + CaCO3
CaCO3  CaO + CO2
CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2
31.25 kg of CaCO3 would be needed to produce Ca(OH)2 sufficient to regenerate the NaOH used in the above
process for 1000 kg of coal. Find % sulphur content in coal by mass.
Take all other reactants required for preparation of NaOH to be in sufficient amount . [4 Marks]
ngu gksus ij dks;ys ls dkcZfud lYQj dks gVk;k tkrk gSA fuEUk lehdj.kksa dks tkafp;sA
R1 — S — R2 + 2NaOH R1 — O — R2 + Na2S + H2O
Na2S + H2O + CO2  Na2CO3 + H2S
Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2  2NaOH + CaCO3
CaCO3  CaO + CO2
CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2
1000 kg dks;ys ds fy, mijksDr izØe esa] 31.25 kg, CaCO3 ysdj i;kZIr Ca(OH)2 mRIkkfnr gksxh rFkk ftldks izØe
esa iz;qDr dj NaOH iquZmRikfnr fd;k tkrh gSA dks;ys esa % lYQj vo;o Kkr dhft,A
NaOH ds fojpu ds fy, vko';d lHkh vU; vfHkdkjdks dks i;kZIr ek=kk esa yhft,A [4 Marks]
Ans. 1%
100
6. A sample of clay was partially dried and then it contains 50% Silica and % water. The original clay
9
contained 45% Silica. Find the percentage of water in the original sample of clay. [M]
Ans. 20%
Sol. There is only loss of water but other content will remain same therefore
% of silica in original sample % of silica in partially dried sample
% of othercontents than water in original sample
= % of otherconte nts than water in partially dried sample
45 50
=
x 800 / 9
45  800
x= 50  9 = 80 %
% of water in original sample = 100 – 80 = 20%
7. Consider the following reaction sequence : [T]
(A) = Cyclohexanone oxime (B) Caprolactum

(C) = Nylon (Polymer)
What mass of compound (C) is formed in grams at the end of reaction sequence, if 2 moles of compound (A)
are taken initially and the % yield of II reaction is 100 % ? [4 Marks]
fuEu vfHkfØ;k vuqØe dk voyksdu dhft, %
(A) = lkbDyksgSDlsuksu vkWDtkbe (B) dsizksysDVe (C) uk;ykWu (cgqyd)

vfHkfØ;k vuqØe ds vUr esa (C) ;kSfxd dk D;k nzO;eku ¼xzke esa½ izkIr gksxk] ;fn izkjaHk esa (A) ;kSfxd ds 2 eksy fy;s tkrs
gksa rFkk II vfHkfØ;k dh % yfC/k 100% gks \ [4 Marks]
Ans. 158.2 g
Sol. By applying POAC on ‘N’ for second reaction :
nB × 1 = nc × n
 70  70
2    1 = n × n ( n = × nA according to 1st reaction)
 100  C B 100
1.4
 nC =
n
1.4
so, mass of compound C = × 113 n
n
= 158.2 g
gy f}rh; vfHkfØ;k ds fy, 'N' ij POAC iz;qDr djus ij

nB × 1 = nc × n
70 70
2  1 = n × n ( n = × nA ,1st vfHkfØ;k ds vuqlkj)
100 C B 100
1.4
nC =
n
1.4
vr%, ;ksSfxd C dk æO;eku = × 113 n = 158.2 g
n
8. A mixture containing KClO3, CaCO3 ,KCl and NaHCO3 is heated. As a result, CO2, O2 & H2O are obtained
according to the following unbalanced equations : [T]
KClO3  KCl + O2(g) ... (i)
CaCO3  CaO + CO2(g) ... (ii)
NaHCO3  Na2CO3 + CO2(g) + H2O(g) ... (iii)
KCl does not react under the conditions of the reaction. If 300 g of the initial mixture produces 3.011 × 1023
molecules of H2O, 22.4 L of CO2 gas at STP and 1.5 gram-molecules of O2, what was the mass % of KCl in
the original mixture ? [8 Marks]
KClO3, CaCO3 ,KCl rFkk NaHCO3 ;qDr ,d feJ.k dks xeZ djus ij ifj.kkeLo:i fuEu vlarfq yr vfHkfØ;kvksa ds vuqlkj
CO2, O2 o H2O izkIr gksrs gSa %
KClO3  KCl + O2(g) ... (i)
CaCO3  CaO + CO2(g) ... (ii)
NaHCO3  Na2CO3 + CO2(g) + H2O(g) ... (iii)
KCl fuEu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa vfHkfØ;k ugha djrk gSA ;fn 300 g izkjfEHkd feJ.k] H2O ds 3.011 × 1023 v.kq] STP ij 22.4
yhVj CO2 xSl rFkk O2 ds 1.5 xzke&v.kq mRikfnr djrk gS] rc okLrfod feJ.k esa KCl dk nzO;eku % D;k gS \
[8 Marks]
Ans. 14.5 %
3.011 10 23 1
Sol. (i) Mole of H2O produced = =
NA 2
22.4
Mole of CO2 produced = = 1
22.4
Mole of O2 produced = 1.5
2
So, moles of KClO3 =  1 .5 = 1
3
Mass of KClO3 = 1 × 122.5 = 122.5 g
21
(ii) moles of NaHCO3 = =1
2
So, mass of NaHCO3 = 1 × 84 = 84g
(iii) Moles of CO2 in (iii) step will be
Mole of H2O = Mole of CO2
1
So, Mole of CO2 =
2
1 1
So, in (ii) step, mole of CO2 produced = 1 =
2 2
1
So, moles of CaCO3=
2
1
 Mass of CaCO3 =  100 = 50g
2
Total mass = 300 g
Mass of KClO3 = 122.5g
Mass of CaCO3 = 50g
Mass of NaHCO3 = 84g
So, Mass of KCl = 300 – (122.5 + 50 + 54))
= 43.5g
43 .5
So, Mass % of KCl in original mixture = × 100 = 14.5 %
300
3.011 1023 1
Sol. (i) izkIr H2O ds eksy = =
NA 2
22.4
izkIr CO2 ds eksy = = 1
22.4
izkIr O2 ds eksy = 1.5
2
blfy,, KClO3 ds eksy =  1 .5 = 1
3
KClO3 dk æO;eku = 1 × 122.5 = 122.5 g
21
(ii) NaHCO3 ds eksy = =1
2
blfy,, NaHCO3 dk æO;eku = 1 × 84 = 84g
(iii) in (iii) esa CO2 ds eksy gksxsa

H2O ds eksy = CO2 ds eksy
1
vr%, CO2 ds eksy gksrs gSaA
2
1 1
blfy,] in (ii) esa izkIr CO2 ds eksy = 1 =
2 2
1
vr% CaCO3 ds eksy =
2
1
CaCO3 dk  100 = 50g
æO;eku =
2
feJ.k dk dqy æO;eku = 300 g
KClO3 dk æO;eku = 122.5g
CaCO3 dk æO;eku = 50g
NaHCO3 dk æO;eku = 84g
blfy,, KCl dk nzO;eku = 300 – (122.5 + 50 + 54))
= 43.5g
43 .5
blfy,, okLrfod feJ.k esa KCl dk % = × 100
300
= 14.5%

Section (F) : Basics of oxidation number MOLE CONCEPT (MOL)
SCQ
1. In which Cl has +3 oxidation number– [E]

fuEu esa ls fdlesa Cl dk +3 vkWDlhdj.k vad gS&
(1) HClO (2*) HClO2 (3) HClO3 (4) HClO4
2. When ZnS is boiled with strong nitric acid, the products are zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2), sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). What are the changes in the oxidation numbers of Zn, S and N : [M]
tc ZnS dks izcy ukbfVªd vEy ds lkFk mckyk tkrk gS] rks mRikn ftad ukbVªsV (Zn(NO3)2)] lY¶;wfjd vEy (H2SO4)
rFkk ukbVªkstu MkbvkWDlkbM (NO2) gksrs gSaA Zn, S rFkk N dh vkWDlhdj.k la[;k esa D;k ifjorZu gksrs gSa %
(A) + 2, + 4, – 1 (B) + 2, + 6, – 2 (C) 0, + 4, – 2 (D*) 0, + 8, – 1
Sol. ZnS + HNO3  Zn(NO3)2 + H2SO4 + NO2
(+2) (–2) (+5) (+2) (+6) (+4)
3. Underlined atom is not in +6 oxidation state in which of the following :

fuEu esa ls fdl js[kkafdr ijek.kq dh vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk +6 ugha gS %
(A) CrO5 (B*) H2TiO4 (C) H2S2O8 [By SM Sir, July 2013] [M]
4. The oxidation number of Sulphur varies from.......to.......in its compounds : [E]

(A) + 2, + 6 (B*) –2, + 6 (C) – 6, –2 (D) – 6, + 2
lYQj dk vkWDlhdj.k vad] blds ;kSfxdksa esa ------------------------------ls ---------------------------rd ifjofrZr gksrk gS %
(A) + 2, + 6 (B*) –2, + 6 (C) – 6, –2 (D) – 6, + 2
Sol. Group number of sulphur = 16
So, oxidation number range = (16 – 10) to (16 – 18)
= – 2 to + 6
lYQj dh oxZ la[;k = 16
blfy,, vkWDlhdj.k vad ijkl = (16 – 10) to (16 – 18) = – 2 to + 6
5. The oxidation numbers of carbon in C12H22O11, C6H12O6 and C2H4 are : [E]
C12H22O11, C6H12O6 o C2H4 esa dkcZu ds vkWDlhdj.k vad Øe'k% fuEu gS :
(A) + 12, + 6, – 2 (B) 0, 0, 0 (C*) 0, 0, – 2 (D) 0, 0, – 1
Sol. x +1 –2
C12 H22 O11 12x + 22 × 1 + 11x – 2 = 0
x = 0
y +1 –2
C6 H12 O6 6y + 12 × 1 + 6x – 2 = 0
x = 0
x +1
C2 H4 2z + 4 = 0
z = –2.
6. The oxidation number of phosphorous in Ca(H2PO2)2 is : [E]

Ca(H2PO2)2 esa QkWLQksjl dk vkWDlhdj.k vad fuEu gS :
(A) +3 (B) +2 (C*) +1 (D) –1
Sol. +2 +1 x –2
Ca (H2PO2)2
on solving, x = +1
gy djus ij, x = +1
7. Determine the oxidation state of thallium ( T ) in T  3 : [Jan. 2013_PRV Sir] [E]

T 3 esa FkSfy;e ( T ) dh vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk gS &
(1*) I (2) II (3) III (4) zero
8. Column A Column B [E]

(i) Br– + BrO3–  Br2 (a) disproportioation
(ii) S2O32–  SO2 + S (b) Comproportiontion
(iii) Cl– + Cr2O72–  CrO2Cl2 (c) Metal displacement
Chemistry\1. Mole Concept\basics of oxidation.......
(d) Non-metal displacement
(e) Not a redox reaction
LrEHk A LrEHk B
(i) Br + BrO3  Br2
– –
(a) fo"kekuqikrhdj.k
(ii) S2O32–  SO2 + S (b) lekuqikrhdj.k
2–
(iii) Cl + Cr2O7
–
 CrO2Cl2 (c) /kkrq
foLFkkiu
(d) v/kkrqfoLFkkiu
(e) mikip; vfHkfØ;k ugha gS
(A*) (i) – (b) ; (ii) – (a) ; (iii) – (e) (B) (i) – (a) ; (ii) – (b) ; (iii) – (e)
(C) (i) – (a) ; (ii) – (c) ; (iii) – (e) (D) (i) – (b) ; (ii) – (a) ; (iii) – (d)
9. When KMnO4 acts as an oxidising agent and ultimately forms Mn O 24 , MnO2, Mn2O3 and Mn2+, then the
number of electrons transferred in each case is : [AIEEE 2002] [E]
tc KMnO4 ,d vkWDlhdkjd dh rjg dk;Z djrk gS rFkk vUrr% Mn O24 , MnO2, Mn2O3 rFkk Mn2+ cukrk gS]
rks izR;sd fLFkfr esa LFkkukUrfjr fd, x, bySDVªkWuksa dh la[;k fuEu gS % [AIEEE 2002]
(A) 4, 3, 1, 5 (B) 1, 5, 3, 7 (C*) 1, 3, 4, 5 (D) 3, 5, 7, 1
Sol.
10. In which of the following cases, the change in oxidation number of nitrogen atom is + 1 ?
[Correction by SA Mam.] [E]
buesa ls fdlesa ukbVªkstu dh vkWDlhdj.k la[;k esa ifjorZu + 1 gksxk ?
[Ref. SA Mam_2012]
(A*) NO+  NO2 (B) N2  NO (C) NO  NO2 (D) NO2  N2O4
11. Which of the following is/are redox reactions ? [Ref. SKV Sir_2012] [E]
fuEu esa ls mikip; vfHkfØ;k dkSulh gS@gSa\ [Ref. SKV Sir_2012]
(A*) S8 + 12OH–  4S2– + 2S2O32– + 6H2O
(B*) 2KClO3  2KCl + 3O2
(C) ZnO + 2NaOH  Na2ZnO2 + H2O
(D*) 2SO2 + O2  2SO3
12. The correct order of decreasing oxidation number of P in compounds is : [E]

;kSfxdkas esa P ds ?kVrs gq, vkWDlhdj.k vad dk lgh Øe gS %
(A) H3PO3 < H4P2O7 < H3PO2 < P4 (B*) H4P2O7 < H3PO3 < H3PO2 < P4
(C) H3PO3 < H4P2O7 < P4 < H3PO2 (D) H4P2O7 < P4 < H3PO2 < H3PO3
13. Match List-I (Compounds) with List-II (Oxidation states of Nitrogen) and select answer using the codes given
below the lists : [M]
lwph-I (;kSfxd) dks lwph-II (ukbVªkstu dh vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk) ds lkFk lqesfyr dhft, rFkk lwfp;ksa ds uhps fn;s x;s dksM dk
mi;ksx djrs gq;s viuk mÙkj pqfu;sA
¼lwph½ List-I ¼lwph½ List-II
(a) NaN3 (1) +5
(b) N2H2 (2) +2
(c) NO (3) –1/3
(d) N2O5 (4) –1
(Code) dksM :
(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d)
(A*) 3 4 2 1 (B) 4 3 2 1
(C) 3 4 1 2 (D) 4 3 1 2
Sol. NaN3  1(+1) + 3(x) = 0 x = –1/3
N2H2  2(x) + 2(+1) = 0 x = –1
NO  1(x) + 1(–2) = 0 x = + 2
N2O5  2(x) + 5(–2) = 0 x = + 5
14. Oxidation number of iron in Fe0.93O is :– [E ]

Fe0.93O esa vk;ju dk vkWDlhdj.k vad gS %
100 200 200
(A) +2 (B)  (C)  (D*) 
93 93 93
Sol. Fe0.93O = 0.93x – 2 = 0
200
x= 
93
15. The oxidation number of sulphur in the anions SO 32 , S 2O24 and S2O62– follow the order – [M]
SO 32 , S 2O24 rFkk S2O62– _.kk;uksa esa lYQj ds vkWDlhdj.k vad dk Øe fuEu gS&
(A) S 2O 26  S 2O 24  SO32 (B*) S 2O 24  SO 32  S 2O26
(C) SO 32  S 2O 24  S 2O26 (D) S 2O 24  S 2O 26  SO32
16. The oxidation number of Oxygen in Na2O2 is : [E]

Na2O2 esa vkWDlhtu dk vkWDlhdj.k vad gS %
(A) + 1 (B) + 2 (C) – 2 (D*) – 1
Sol. 2(+1) + 2 x = 0
 x = – 1
17. One of the following has both positive and negative oxidation states [M]
fuEu esa ls fdlh ,d ds fy,] /kukRed o _.kkRed nksuksa vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk;s gksrh gS] og gS %
(A) F (B*) Cl (C) He (D) Na
Sol. Oxidation state of F may be zero and – 1. Oxidation state of Cl may be – 1 to + 7
Oxidation state of He is zero Oxidation state of Na may be 0 and + 1
18. Match List-I (Compounds) with List-II (Oxidation states of Nitrogen) and select answer using the codes given
below the lists : [E]
lwph-I (;kSfxd) dks lwph-II (ukbVªkstu dh vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk) ds lkFk lqesfyr dhft, rFkk lwfp;ksa ds uhps fn;s x;s dksM dk
mi;ksx djrs gq;s viuk mÙkj pqfu;sA
¼lwph½ List-I ¼lwph½ List-II
(a) NaN3 (1) +5
(b) N2H2 (2) +2
(c) NO (3) –1/3
(d) N2O5 (4) –1
(Code) dksM :
(a) (b) (c) (d) (a) (b) (c) (d)
(A*) 3 4 2 1 (B) 4 3 2 1
(C) 3 4 1 2 (D) 4 3 1 2
Sol. NaN3  1(+1) + 3(x) = 0 x = –1/3
N2H2  2(x) + 2(+1) = 0 x = –1
NO  1(x) + 1(–2) = 0 x = + 2
N2O5  2(x) + 5(–2) = 0 x = + 5
19. Oxidation number of Mn in Manganese dioxide (MnO2) is : [E]

(A) + 2 (B*) + 4 (C) – 2 (D) – 4
eSXuht MkbvkWDlkbM (MnO2) esa Mn dk vkWDlhdj.k vad fuEu gS %
(A) + 2 (B*) + 4 (C) – 2 (D) – 4
Sol. 1 × x + 2 × (– 2) = 0.
Therefore (vr% ), x = + 4

MCQ
1. In which of the following, oxidation no. of underlined atom is maximum : [E] (MOL-I)
fuEu esa ls fdlesa vafdr ¼v/kksjs[khr½ ijek.kq dk vkWDlhdj.k vad vf/kdre gksrk gSA
(A) K2MnO4 (B*) H2S2O8 (C*) HNO4 (D*) H4P2O7
2. The incorrect order of decreasing oxidation number of S in compounds is : [E]

;kSfxdkas esa S ds ?kVrs gq, vkWDlhdj.k vad dk xyr Øe gS %
(A) H2S2O7 > Na2S4O6 > Na2S2O3 > S8 (B) H2SO5 > H2SO3 > SCl2 > H2S
(C*) SO3 > SO2 > H2S > S8 (D*) H2SO4 > SO2 > H2S > H2S2O8
Sol. (C) SO3 SO2 H2S S8
6 4 –2 0
(D) H2SO4 > SO2 > H2S > H2S2O8
6 4 –2 6
3. Consider an ionic sulphate with formula Mx(SO4)0.5. Identify the true options. [T]
1
(A) Oxidation number of M is +1 (B*) Oxidation number of M is +
x
(C*) M may be Alkali metal (D*) M may be Alkaline earth metal
Mx(SO4)0.5 ,d vk;fud lYQsV dk lw=k gSA lgh fodYi igpkfu;sA
1
(A) M dh vkWDlhdj.k la[;k +1 gS (B*) M dh vkWDlhdj.k la[;k + gS
x
(C*) M {kkj /kkrq gks ldrk gS (D*) M {kkjh; e`nk /kkrq gks ldrk gS
[By AIS Sir, July 2013]
Sol. Simple question.
4. A metal M can exist in two oxidation states +2 and +4 in which it forms two oxides MO and MO2
respectively. In a mixed oxide of metal with formula M0.6O both oxidation states of the metal are present.
Which of the following options are true. [M] [Ref. AIS Sir]
100
(A*) % of metal is in +2 oxidation state
3
(B*) Ratio of amounts metal in +4 state to +2 state is 2
(C) 1 mole of mixed oxide contains 0.2 moles of metal
(D*) Empirical formula of the mixed oxide is M3O5
,d /kkrq M nks vkWDlhdj.k voLFkkvksa +2 rFkk +4 esa jgrk gS ftlesa mlds vkWDlkbMksa ds lw=k Øe'k% MO rFkk MO2 gSA /
kkrq ds fefJr vkWDlkbM M0.6O esa nksuksa vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk,a mifLFkr gSaA fuEu esa ls dkSuls fodYi lgh gksxsaA
[Ref. AIS Sir]
100
(A*) % /kkrq +2 vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk esa gSA
3
(B*) +4 voLFkk rFkk +2 voLFkk esa mifLFkr /kkrq dh ek=kkvksa dk vuqikr 2 gSA
(C) 1 eksy fefJr vkWDlkbM 0.2 eksy /kkrq j[krk gSA
(D*) fefJr vkWDlkbM dk ewykuqikrh lw=k M3O5 gSA
Sol. M0.6O  M6O10  (2MO + 4MO2)
2 100
% of M2+ = × 100 = .
24 3
T/F
1. S1 : The oxidation number of sulphur in H2S2O8 is +7 [M] (MOL)

S2 : If 30% of iron is in Fe3+ and remaining is Fe2+, then formula of oxide is FeO1.15
S3 : The reaction (NH4)2Cr2O7 + KOH  K2CrO4 + NH3 + H2O is a redox reaction.
S1 : H2S2O8 esas lYQj dk vkWDlhdj.k vad +7 gSA
S2 : ;fn Fe3+ esa 30% vk;ru gks o 'ks"k Fe2+ esa gks rks vkWDlkbM dk lw=k FeO1.15 gSA
S3 : vfHkfØ;k (NH4)2Cr2O7 + KOH  K2CrO4 + NH3 + H2O ,d mikip; vfHkfØ;k gSA
(A) F F F (B*) F T F (C) T T F (D) F F T

Sol. S1 : Oxidation number of S cannot be more than +6.
S2 : Total positive charge = (total negative charge)
 Let formula be FeOx.
 0.3 (+3) + 0.7 (+2) = [–2  x]
0.9 + 1.4 = 2x
 2.3 = 2x
 x = 1.15
S3 : Oxidation number of any atom is not changing. So, not redox.
Sol. S1 : S ds fy, vkWDlhtu vad +6 ls vf/kd ugha gks ldrk gSA
S2 : dqy /kukos'k = (dqy _.kkos'k)
 ekuk lw=k FeOx gSA
 0.3 (+3) + 0.7 (+2) = [–2  x]
0.9 + 1.4 = 2x
 2.3 = 2x
 x = 1.15
S3 : fdlh ijek.kq dk vkWDlhtu vad ifjofrZr ugha gksrk blfy,] dksbZ mikip; ugha
2. In reaction, 2Na2S2O3 + 2  2Na + Na2S4O6 , the change in the average oxidation number of the
sulphur atom is 0.5. [E]
vfHkfØ;k 2Na2S2O3 + 2  2Na + Na2S4O6 , esa lYQj ijek.kq ds vkSlr vkWDlhdj.k vad (oxidation number)
esa ifjorZu 0.5 dk gksrk gSA
Ans. True
3. HNO2 can act both as a reducing agent and as an oxidising agent but HNO3 acts only as an oxidising agent.
[E]
HNO2 vkWDlhdkjh vfHkdeZd o vipk;d vfHkdeZd nksuksa dh rjg O;ogkj dj ldrk gS ysfdu HNO3 dsoy ,d vkWDlhdkjh
vfHkdeZd dh rjg O;ogkj djrk gSA
Ans. True
MTC
1. Match the following : [T]
List-I List-II
(Half reactions) (Number of moles of electrons lost/gained
per mole of reactant)
fuEu dks lqesfyr dhft, :
lwph–I lwph–I
(v)Z&vfHkfØ;k;s) (vfHkdkjdksa ds izfreksy ákflr@izkIr bysDVªkWu ds
eksyksa dh l[a;k)
(P) FeS2  Fe3+ + SO2 (1) 7

(Q) FeCr2O4  CrO42– + Fe3+ (2) 8
(R) I2O5  I2 (3) 10
(S) S2O32–  HSO4– (4) 11
Code :
dwV %
P Q R S
(A) 1 4 3 2
(B*) 4 1 3 2
(C) 4 2 3 1
(D) 1 4 2 3

Single Integer
1. (x) represents the number of following species which can act as only reducing agent. (y) represents the
number of following species which can act as a reducing agent. Find (x + y). Assume no oxidation of O2–, (If
any species may be counted with (x) as well as (y), count it with both of them seperately) [T]
(a) SO2 (b) PbO2 (c) KMnO4 (d) Na2S (e) F2 (f) KI
(g) H2O2 (h) FeSO4 (i) Zn
(x) fuEu Lih'kht dh la[;k dks crkrk gS tks dsoy vipk;d vfHkdeZd ds :i esa dk;Z dj ldrk gSA (y) fuEu iztkfr;ksa
dh la[;k dks crkrk gS tks vipk;d vfHkdeZd ds :i esa dk;Z dj ldrh gSA (x + y) Kkr dhft,A ;g ekudj fd O2–
dk dksbZ vkWDlhdj.k ugha gksrk gSA (;fn dksbZ iztkfr (x) ds lkFk&lkFk (y) esas Hkh fxurs gS rks bu nksuksa esa mUgsa i`Fkd :i ls
fxfu;s)
(a) SO2 (b) PbO2 (c) KMnO4 (d) Na2S (e) F2 (f) KI
(g) H2O2 (h) FeSO4 (i) Zn
Ans. 9
Sol. Zn (metal acts as reducing agent)
Na2S, KI contain S and I in lowest oxidation state, hence they are reducing agents.
Also, SO2, H2O2, FeSO4 are oxiditable, hence they may act as reducing agent.
 y = 3 + 3 = 6.
 x + y = 3 + 6 = 9.
gy % Zn (/kkrq vipk;d dh rjg O;ogkj djrh gSA)
Na2S, KI esa S o I U;wure vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk esa gaSA vr% ;s vipk;d gaSA
¼lkFk gh SO2, H2O2, FeSO4 vkWDlhÑr gksrh gS] vr% vipk;d vfHkdeZd dh rjg dk;Z djrh gSA½
 y = 3 + 3 = 6.
 x + y = 3 + 6 = 9.
2. If oxidation number per atom of phosphorous is x on reactant side and that of silicon is y on product side,
find 2x – y.
Ca3(PO4)2 + SiO2 + C  CaSiO3 + P4 + CO [M] (Mole Concept-2)
;fn vfHkdkjd dh rjQ QkLQksjl dh izfr ijek.kq vkWDlhdj.k la[;k x gS rFkk mRikn dh rjQ flfydkWu dh izfr
ijek.kq vkWDlhdj.k la[;k y gS rc 2x – y Kkr djsA
Ca3(PO4)2 + SiO2 + C  CaSiO3 + P4 + CO
Ans. 6
Sol. Oxidation number of P in Ca3(PO4)2 = +5 = x
Oxidation number of Si in CaSiO3 = +4 = y
2x – y = 6.
Sol. Ca3(PO4)2 esa P dh vkWDlhdj.k la[;k = +5 = x
CaSiO3 esa Si dh vkWDlhdj.k la[;k = +4 = y
2x – y = 6.
3. In how many of the following species, the underlined atom has fractional oxidation number (on an average) ?
fuEu esa ls fdruh iztkfr;ksa esa js[kkafdr ijek.kq fHkUukad vkWDlhdj.k vad j[krk gS ¼vkSlr :i ls½ \
N2O3, Fe3O4, Na2S4O6, KO2, Na2S5, KMnO4, MnO2, C3O2 [M] (MOL)
Ans. 5
8 1
Sol. Fe2O4, Fe dk O.N. = KO2, O dk O.N. = –
3 2
5 2
Na2S4O6, S dk O.N. = Na2S5, S dk O.N = –
2 5
4
C3O2, C dk O.N. = +
3
4. Sum of oxidation numbers of all the oxygen atom in KO2, PbO2 and BaO2 is – x. Find x.
[Ref. SM Sir_2012] [E]
KO2, PbO2 o BaO2 esa lHkh vkWDlhtu ijek.kq ds fy, vkWDlhdj.k vad dk ;ksx – x gSA x Kkr dhft;sA
Ans. 7
Sol. KO2, K = + 1  On two 'O' atoms, Sum nks 'O' ijek.kqvksa ij] ;ksx = – 1

PbO2, O = – 2  – 2 – 2 = – 4. BaO2 : Ba = + 2
On two 'O' atoms nks 'O' ijek.kq ij = – 2
5. Sum of oxidation number of Xe and all F atoms in XeOF4 is. [E]

XeOF4 esa Xe o lHkh F ds fy, vkWDlhdj.k vad dk ;ksx gSA
Ans. 2
6 -1
Sol. Xe O F4 Sum = 6 + – 1 × 4 = 6 – 4 = 2
6. Sum of oxidation numbers of all the oxygen atom in KO2, PbO2 and BaO2 is – x. Find x.
[Ref. SM Sir_2012] [M]
KO2, PbO2 o BaO2 esa lHkh vkWDlhtu ijek.kq ds fy, vkWDlhtu la[;k dk ;ksx – x gSA x Kkr dhft;sA
Ans. 7
Sol. KO2, K = + 1  On two 'O' atoms, Sum nks 'O' ijek.kqvksa ij] ;ksx = – 1
PbO2, O = – 2  – 2 – 2 = – 4. BaO2 : Ba = + 2
On two 'O' atoms nks 'O' ijek.kq ij = – 2
7. Sum of oxidation number of two different ion of iron present in Fe3O4 is. [Ref. SM Sir] [E]
Fe3O4 esa mifLFkr vk;ju ds nks fofHkUu vk;u ds fy, vkWDlhdj.k vad dk ;ksx fuEu gS %
Ans. 5
(+ 2 + 3 = 5)
Double Integer
1. * Balance the given below reaction [M]
xAs2S3  yNaOH  zNaClO3  aNa3 AsO4  bNa2SO4  cNaClO  dH 2O
Calculate the value of  x  y  z  a  b  c  , when the molar coefficient are in simplest whole number ratio.
uhps fn x;h vfHkfØ;k dks larqfyr fdft;s\

xAs2S3  yNaOH  zNaClO3  aNa3 AsO4  bNa2SO4  cNaClO  dH 2O
 x  y  z  a  b  c  ds eku dh x.kuk fdft;s] tcfd eksyj jllehdj.kfefr xq.kkad] ljy iw.kkZad la[;k ds vuqikr esa
gSA
Sol. 12
AS2S3  7NaClO3  12NaOH  2Na3 AsO 4  3Na 2 SO 4  7NaClO  6H2 O
 x  1; y  7;z  12;a  2;b  3 & c  7
So,  x  y  z  a  b  c   12
Subjective :
1. Determine the oxidation number of N in NH3 and Fe in Fe2O3. [1] [E]

NH3 esa N o Fe2O3 esa Fe dh vkWDlhdj.k la[;k Kkr dhft,A [1]
Ans. – 3, + 3
Sol. Oxidation number of N in NH3 = – 3
Oxidation number of Fe in Fe2O3 = + 3
gy NH3 esa N dk vkWDlhdj.k vad = – 3
Fe2O3 esa Fe dk vkWDlhdj.k vad = + 3

Section (G) : Balancing redox reactions MOLE CONCEPT (MOL)
SCQ
1. What are the value of p, q, r and s for the following reaction
pO3 + q HI  rI2 + s H2O [E]
fuEufyf[kr vfHkfØ;k ds fy, p, q, r rFkk s ds eku D;k gS \
pO3 + q HI  rI2 + s H2O
(Mole concept redox(P))
(1) 1,6,3,1 (2*) 1,6,3,3 (3) 1,6,6,3 (4) 1,6,3,6
Sol. O3 + 6HI  3I2 + 3 H2O
2. In the reaction CrO5 + H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O + O2 one mole of CrO5 will liberate how many moles of
O2 (MOL) [M]
(1) 5/2 (2) 5/4 (3) 9/2 (4*) none of these
vfHkfØ;k CrO5 + H2SO4 Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O + O2 esa ,d eksy CrO5 ls fdrus eksy O2 izkIr gksxh \
(1) 5/2 (2) 5/4 (3) 9/2 (4*) buesa ls dksbZ ugh
[T.B._08-09_12.5]
Sol. Balance
larqfyr
CrO5  Cr3+ + O2–
O2–  O2
4CrO5 + 6H2SO4 2Cr2(SO4)3 + 6H2O + 7O2
3. Zn + NO3–  Zn2+ + NH4+ + H2O

How many moles of electrons, per mole of NO3– ion, are gained in the above reaction ?
[Mole concept] [E]
mijksDr vfHkfØ;k esa ,d eksy NO3 vk;u }kjk fdrus eksy bysDVªkWu xzg.k fd;s tkrs gSa \ [Mole concept]
–
(A) 5 (B*) 8 (C) 3 (D) 2

5 3
Sol. N O 3  N H4
8e– + 10H+ + NO3–  NH4+ + 3H2O.
4. When Cr(s) + OH–(aq)  Cr(OH)4– (aq) + H2(g) (basic solution) is balanced, the sum of the coefficients
of all the reactants and products is: [M]
tc Cr(s) + OH–(aq)  Cr(OH)4– (aq) + H2(g) ({kkjh; foy;u es) larqfyr djrs gS] rc lHkh vfHkdkjdksa ,oa mRiknksa
ds xq.kkadks dk ;ksx gksxk:
(A) 14 (B*) 15 (C) 17 (D) 9 (E) 12
Sol: 2Cr(s) + 2OH–(aq) + 6H2O  2Cr(OH)4– (aq) + 3H2(g)
2 + 2 + 6 + 2 + 3 = 15
5. Bromine is added dropwise to a 0.01 M solution of SO2. All sulphur dioxide is oxidised to sulphate(VI),
excess of bromine is removed. Then which of the following balanced reactions represent the redox
change : [M]
SO2 ds 0.01 M foy;u esa cwUn&cwUn djds czk sehu feyk;h tkrh gS rks lEiw.kZ lYQjMkbZvkWDlkbM] lYQsV(VI) esa
vkWDlhd`r gks tkrh gS rFkk czksehu ds vkf/kD; dks xje djds fudky fn;k tkrk gS rc fuEu esa ls dkSulh lUrqfyr
vfHkfØ;k bl vkWDlhdj.k vip;u ifjorZu dks n'kkZrh gSA
(A) 2SO2 (aq) + Br2 (aq)  2SO42– (aq) + 2Br¯ (aq)
(B*) SO2 (aq) + 2H2O () + Br2 (aq)  SO42– (aq) + 2 Br¯ (aq) + 4 H+ (aq)
(C) H2O () + SO2 (aq) + Br2 (aq)  SO42– (aq) + 2 Br¯ (aq) + 2 H+ (aq)
(D) 2SO2 (aq) + 3Br2 (aq) + 4H2O ()  2SO42– (aq) + 6 Br¯ (aq) + 10 H+ (aq)
Sol. May equations lehdj.k
Reduction vip;u : 2e– + Br2  2Br –
Oxidation vkWDlhdj.k : 2H2O + SO2  SO 24 + 4H+ + 2e –
SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O  SO 24 + 2 Br – + 4H+

Chemistry\1. Mole Concept\Balancing redox......
6. For the redox reaction MnO4–
+ C2O42–
+   H+ 2+
Mn + CO2 + H2O,
the correct whole number stoichiometric coefficients of MnO4–, C2O42– and H+ are respectively :
[Test Bank ; Modified by JMR Sir] [E]
2– + 2+
mikip;h vfHkfØ;k MnO4 + C2O4 + H  Mn + CO2 + H2O esa
–
MnO4–, C2O42– rFkk H+ ds fy, iw.kk±d jllehdj.kfefr xq.kkad Øe'k% fuEu gSa %
[Test Bank ; Modified by JMR Sir]
(1*) 2, 5, 16 (2) 5, 2, 8 (3) 2, 5, 8 (4) 5, 2, 16
Sol. MnO4– + C2O42– + H+  Mn2+ + CO2 + H2O
V.f. = 5 V.f. = 2
 Balanced equation : 2MnO4– + 5C2O42– + 16H+  2Mn2+ + 10CO2 + 8H2O
gy. MnO4 + C2O42– + H+  Mn2+ + CO2 + H2O
–
V.f. = 5 V.f. = 2
 larqfyr vfHkfØ;k % 2MnO4– + 5C2O42– + 16H+  2Mn2+ + 10CO2 + 8H2O
7. In the balanced chemical reaction,

O3– + a– + bH+  cH2O + d2
a, b, c and d respectively correspond to [AIIMS 2005] [M]
larqfyr jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k]
O3– + a– + bH+  cH2O + d2
a, b, c o d Øe'k% fuEu gS % [AIIMS 2005]
(1*) 5, 6, 3, 3 (2) 5, 3, 6, 3 (3) 3, 5, 3, 6 (4) 5, 6, 5,5
5 0
Sol. I O 3– + I– + H+  H2O + I2
(i) Oxidation half cell

(a) Balancing the numbers of atoms
2I–  I2
(b) Balancing charge
2I–  I2 + 2e– … (1)
(ii) (a) Reduction half reaction
IO 3– + H+  H2O + I2
(1) Balancing number of atoms
2IO 3– + 12H+  6H2O + I2
(2) Balancing the charge
2IO 3– 12H+ + 10 e–  6H2O + I2 … (2)
Multiplying Eq. (1) by 5 and adding it to Eq.
(2)
2I–  I2 + 2 e– × 5
2IO 3– + 10I–  6H2O + I2
2IO 3– + 10I– + 12H+  6I2 + 6H2O
or IO 3– + 5I– + 6H+  3I2 + 3H2O

Hence, a = 5, b = 6, c = 3, d = 3
8. The average oxidation number of sulphur in the anions SO32– , S2O42– and S2O62– follow the order : [E]
_.kk;uksa SO32– , S2O42– o S2O62– esa lYQj dk vkSlr vkWDlhdj.k vad fuEu Øe dk ikyu djrk gS %
(A*) S2O42– < SO32– < S2O62– (B) SO32– < S2O42– < S2O62–
2– 2– 2–
(C) S2O4 < S2O6 < SO3 (D) S2O62– < S2O42– < SO32–
9. The average oxidation states of sulphur in Na2S2O3 and Na2S4O6 are respectively. [E]
(A) + 5 and + 2 (B*) + 2 and + 2.5 (C) + 5 and 2.5 (D) + 2 and + 4

Na2S2O3 rFkk Na2S4O6 esa lYQj dh vkSlr vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk;sa Øe'k% gSa %
(A) + 5 rFkk + 2 (B*) + 2 rFkk + 2.5 (C) + 5 rFkk 2.5 (D) + 2 rFkk + 4
10. A reducing agent is a substance : [E]

(A*) in which an element undergoes increase in oxidation number.
(B) in which an element undergoes decrease in oxidation number.
(C) which gains electron(s) (D) which shares electron(s)
,d vipk;d og inkFkZ gS %
(A*) ftlesa ,d rRo dk vkWDlhdj.k vad c<+rk gSA (B) ftlesa ,d rRo dk vkWDlhdj.k vad ?kVrk gSA
(C) tks bysDVªkWu xzg.k djrk gSA (D) tks bysDVªkWu dk lk>k djrk gSA
Sol. A reducing agent itself oxidises & reduces others. so an element shows increase in oxidation number in it &
loss of electron occurs.
gy- ,d vipk;d Lo;a vkWDlhÑr gksrk gS rFkk nwljkssa dks vipf;r djrk gSA mlesa ,d rÙo dk vkWDlhdj.k vad c<+rk gS
rFkk ;g bysDVªkWu R;kxrk gSaA
11. In a balanced redox reaction. [M]

,d larqfyr mikip; vfHkfØ;k esa]
a Cl2 + b OH–  c Cl– + d ClO3– + e H2O
a b c d e a b c d e
(A) 3 6 1 5 3 (B) 3 12 2 5 3
(C) 1 6 1 5 3 (D*) none of these buesa ls dksbZ ugha
12. In the reaction CrO5 + SnCl2  CrO42- + SnCl4 , the elements undergoing oxidation and reduction are,
respectively : [E]
vfHkfØ;k CrO5 + SnCl2  CrO42- + SnCl4 esa] vkWDlhdj.k o vip;u fuEu rRo dk Øe'k% fd;k tkrk gS %
(A) Cr, Sn (B) Sn, Cr (C*) Sn, O (D) Cl, C
(E) Sn and Cl: Oxidation, Cr and O: Reduction (Sn o Cl: vkWDlhdj.k, Cr o O: vip;u)
Sol.
Sn undergoes oxidation and (in CrO5) oxygen under goes reduction.
Sol.
Sn dk vkWDlhdj.k gksrk gS rFkk (CrO5 esa) vkWDlhtu dk vip;u gksrk gSA
13. In FeCr2O4, the oxidation numbers of Fe and Cr are : [M]

(A*) + 2 and + 3 (B) 0 and + 2 (C) + 2 and + 6 (D) + 3 and + 6
FeCr2O4 esa] Fe rFkk Cr ds vkWDlhdj.k vad gaS %
(A*) + 2 rFkk + 3 (B) 0 rFkk + 2 (C) + 2 rFkk + 6 (D) + 3 rFkk + 6
Sol. FeO.Cr2O3  +2, +3.

MCQ
1. For aqueous ethanol solution mole fraction is 0.25 if 46 g C2H5OH is present in solution then : [M]
(A*) Mass of water in solution is 54 g (B*) % w/w for solution is 46%
(C*) Molality of solution is 18.52 m (D) Molarity of solution is 10 M
tyh; ,FksukWy foy;u ds fy;s eksy izHkkt 0.25 gS] ;fn foy;u esa 46 g ,FksukWy ¼C2H5OH½ mifLFkr gks rc %
(A*) foy;u esa ty dk nzO;eku 54 g gS (B*) bl foy;u ds fy;s % Hkkj/Hkkj 46% gS
(C*) foy;u dh eksyyrk 18.52 m gS (D) foy;u dh eksyjrk 10 M gSA
nC 2H5 OH 1
Sol. XC2H5OH = n Total = 4
46 g C2H5OH  1 mole
nH2O  3 mole = 54 g
46
% w/w =  100 = 46%
100
1
m= = 18.52 m
54 / 1000
A/R
MTC
Comprehension :
T/F
Single Integer :
1. Consider the following (balanced) equation with one missing product. Oxidation state of chlorine in this
product is [Mole-2: Balancing Redox Equations/Tough/Integer Answer /SM Sir] [M]
fuEu larqfyr vfHkfØ;kvksa ij fopkj fdft;s] ftuesa ,d mRikn] foyqIr gS] bl mRikn esa Dyksjhu dh vkWDlhdj.k voLFkk gSA
16K4[Fe(CN)6]+61 Co(ClO3)3 + 117 H2SO4
32 K2SO4 + 8 Fe2(SO4)3 + 61 CoSO4 + 96 HNO3 + 96CO2 + 69 H2O + ________
Ans. 00
Sol. 16K4[Fe(CN)6]+61 Co(ClO3)3 + 117 H2SO4
183
32 K2SO4 + 8 Fe2(SO4)3 + 61 CoSO4 + 96 HNO3 + 96CO2 + 69 H2O + Cl2
2
Cl2 have zero oxidation number. Cl2 dk vkWDlhdj.k vad 'kwU; gSA

Section (H) : Units of concentration measurement,
Interconversion of concentration units MOLE CONCEPT (MOL)
SCQ
1. Suppose 40% w/w aqueous solution of glucose (C6H12O6) and 20% w/w aqueous solution of urea (NH2CONH2)
have equal molarity, then which solution has higher density : [M] (M1)
(1) Both have equal density (2*) Glucose solution
(3) Urea solution (4) Cannot be predicted
ekuk fd 40% ¼Hkkjkuqlkj½ Xywdksl (C6H12O6) ds tyh; foy;u ,oa 20% ¼Hkkjkuqlkj½ ;wfj;k (NH2CONH2) ds tyh;
foy;u dh eksyjrk leku gS] rks fdl foy;u dk ?kuRo vf/kd gksxk %
(1) nksuksa dk ?kuRo leku gksxkA (2*) Xywdksl foy;u
(3) ;wfj;k foy;u (4) Kkr ugha dj ldrs
Sol. Given : equal molarity
10d1 x 1 10d 2 x 2 d1 x2 M1 20 180 3
M1 = M2  d = x × M = × = ; Thus, d1 > d2
2 1 2 40 60 2
gy fn;k gS leku eksyjrk
10d1 x 1 10d 2 x 2 d1 x2 M1 20 180 3
M1 = M2  d = x × M = × = ; vr%] d1 > d2
2 1 2 40 60 2
2. How much amount of water is need to prepare 2 m solution of 15 g C6H12O6 ? [E]

15 g C6H12O6 ds 2 m foy;u cukus ds fy, fdrus ty dh vko';drk gksxh \
125 250 125
(1) 50 g (2) 25 g (3*) g (4) g (E) g
3 3 6
15  1000 125
Sol. 2= =2 ; w= g
180  w 3
3. 100 ppm (w/w) of He (by mass) is present in an Ar sample at 0ºC, in a rigid 22.4 L vessel. Which of the
following units will be changed as the temperature is raised to 100°C ? [M] (MOL)
(1) ppm (w/w) (2) mole fraction (3) molality (4) grams per litre (5*) none of these
,d n`<+ 22.4 L ik=k esa 0ºC ij ,d Ar izkn'kZ esa 100 ppm (w/w) He ¼Hkkj ls) mifLFkr gSA tc rkieku esa 100°C rd o`f)
dh tkrh gS rc fuEu esa ls dkSulh bdkbZ ifjofrZr ugha jgsxhA [BY SM Sir Aug, 2013]
(1) ppm (w/w) (2) eksy izHkkt (3) eksyyrk (4) xzke@yhVj (5*) blesa ls dksbZ ugha
4. A solution is prepared by urea and water. If mole fraction of water is 0.8 in the solution. Find the ratio of mass
of urea & water. [E] (MOL(P))
;wfj;k o ty }kjk ,d foy;u cuk;k x;kA ;fn foy;u esa ty dh eksy fHkUu 0.8 gS rks ;wfj;k o ty ds nzO;eku dk vuqikr Kkr dhft,A
5 6 1 4
(1*) (2) (3) (4)
6 5 1 1
Wurea 0.2  60 5 W;wfj;k 0.2  60 5

Sol.  
0.8  18 6 ;
 
W water Wt y 0.8  18 6
5. How many moles of MgCl2 will be needed to add to 810 gram of water to prepare a solution having 0.1 mole
fraction of MgCl2. [E]
(A) 1 (B*) 5 (C) 4 (D) 9
810 xzke ty esa MgCl2 ds fdrus eksy feykus ij izkIr foy;u esa MgCl2 dk eksy izHkkt 0.1 gks tk,A
(A) 1 (B*) 5 (C) 4 (D) 9
810
Sol. Moles of H2O = = 45
18
x
Mole fraction of MgCl2 = 0.1 = [x mole of MgCl2]
x  45
0.1 x + 4.5 = x
0.9 x = 4.5
4 .5
x= ; x=5
0.9

Chemistry\1. Mole Concept\Units of concentra.....
810
Sol. H2O ds eksy = = 45
18
x
MgCl2 dk eksy izHkkt = 0.1 = [MgCl2 ds x eksy]
x  45
0.1 x + 4.5 = x
0.9 x = 4.5
4 .5
x= ; x=5
0.9
6. Mole fraction of the solute in a 1.00 molal aqueous solution is : (Topic-Mole concept-I)[AIPMT-2011] [M]
1.00 eksyy tyh; foy;u esa foys; inkFkZ dk eksy izHkkt gS %
(1) 0.1770 (2*) 0.0177 (3) 0.0344 (4) 1.7700
Sol. nsolute = 1 W solvent = 1000 g
1000 1
nsolvent = = 55.56 ; xsolute = = 0.0177 Ans.
018 1  55.56
gy % nfoys; = 1 W foyk;d = 1000 g
1000 1
nfoyk;d = = 55.56 ; xfoys; = = 0.0177 Ans.
018 1  55.56
7. How many grams of concentrated nitric acid solution should be used to prepare 250 mL of 2.0M HNO3 ? The
concentrated acid is 70% HNO3. (Topic-Mole concept-I) [M]
(1) 90.0 g conc. HNO3 (2) 70.0 g conc. HNO3 (3) 54.0 g conc. HNO3 (4*) 45.0 g conc. HNO3
2.0M HNO3 ds 250mL cukus esa fdrus xzke lkafnzr ukbfVªd vEy dk foy;u iz;ksx esa yk;saxs\ lkafnzr vEy 70% HNO3 gS%
(1) 90.0 g lkafnzr HNO3 (2) 70.0 g lkafnzr HNO3 (3) 54.0 g lkafnzr HNO3 (4*) 45.0 g lkafnzr HNO3
 100 
Sol. 2.0  250  10–3  63    = 45g
 70 
8. 150 g of a HNO3 solution (d = 1.2 g/mL) contains 63 g of HNO3. What volume of this HNO3 solution will be
required to react with a NaOH solution, containing 24 g NaOH : (Topic-Mole concept-I) [M]
Reaction : HNO3 + NaOH  NaNO3 + H2O
,d 150 g HNO3 foy;u (d = 1.2 g/mL), 63 g HNO3 j[krk gSA NaOH foy;u] tks 24 g NaOH ;qDr gS] ds lkFk iw.kZ
fØ;k djus ds fy, bl HNO3 foy;u dk D;k vk;ru vko';d gksxk %
vfHkfØ;k : HNO3 + NaOH  NaNO3 + H2O
(1*) 75 mL (2) 100 mL (3) 150 mL (4) 50 mL
63
Sol. Mole of HNO3 = =1 ; Volume of HNO3 solution = 125 mL
63
Molarity of HNO3 = 8 M ; Let’s assume that volume of HNO3 solution required for NaOH = V L
Mole of HNO3 required for NaOH = 8 V.
24 6 6
Mole of NaOH = = ; 8V= V = 0.075 L = 75 mL.
40 10 10
63
gy HNO3 ds fy, eksy = =1 ; HNO3 foy;u dk vk;ru = 125 mL
63
HNO3 dh eksyjrk = 8 M ; ekuk fd NaOH ds fy, vko';d HNO3 foy;u dk vk;ru = V L
NaOH ds fy, vko';d HNO3 ds eksy = 8 V.
24 6 6
NaOH ds eksy = = ; 8V=
40 10 10
V = 0.075 L = 75 mL.
9. x g of Fe2(SO4)3 was dissolved in water to prepare 500 ml of its aqueous solution. Upon analysis, it
was found that each ml of the above solution contains 1.2 × 10–4 NA SO42– ions. The value of x is :
Fe2(SO4)3 ds x g dks ty esa ?kksydj bldk 500 ml tyh; foy;u rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA fo'ys"k.k djus ij] ;g ik;k x;k
fd mijksDr foy;u ds izR;sd ml esa 1.2 × 10–4 NA SO42– vk;u mifLFkr gaS rks x dk eku gksxk % (MOL (P)) [M]
(1*) 8 (2) 16 (3) 4 (4) 32

n 4
1.2 10 NA / NA
SO4 2
Sol. [SO42–] = = = 1.2 × 10–1 M
Vsol (L ) 103
1.2 101
 Molarity of Fe2(SO4)3 = = 0.04 M
3
1.2 101
 Fe2(SO4)3 dh eksyjrk = = 0.04 M
3
 nFe2 (SO4 )3 = M × VL = 0.04 × 0.5 = 0.02
 mFe2 (SO4 )3 = 0.02 × 400 = 8 g = x
10. Which of the following quantities is independent of temperature ? [E]

(A) Molarity (B*) Mole fraction (C) Strength (in gram/litre) (D) Normality (E) % w/v
fuEu esa ls dkSulh ek=kk rkieku ij fuHkZj ugha djrh gS \
(A) eksyjrk (B*) eksy fHkUu (C) lkeF;Z ¼xzke@yhVj esa½ (D) ukWeZyrk (E) % w/v
Sol. Mole fraction is mass - mass system so, independent of temperature. Molarity, normality, strength
(in gram/litre) and % w/v are mass-volume system and are temperature dependent.
eksy fHkUu æO;eku&æO;eku ra=k gS vkSj rki ij fuHkZj ugha gSA eksyjrk] ukeZyrk] lkeF;Z ¼xzke@yhVj esa½ rFkk % w/v
æO;eku&vk;ru ra=k gS vkSj rki ij fuHkZj gSA
11. 24 gm of magnesium was supposed to be added into 100 ml, 98% (w/v) H2SO4 solution by a student during
an experiment. During mixing some amount of Mg(s) was dropped on the floor and the liberated H2(g)
measured to be 5.6 lit. at STP. Then (consider that reaction goes to completion) : [Mole - 1] [T]
3
(A*) 6 gm of Mg(s) had reacted with H2SO4 . (B*) th amount of Mg(s) had fallen on floor..
4
1
(C) th amount of Mg(s) had fallen on floor.. (D) 18 gm of Mg(s) had reacted with H2SO4.
4
,d iz;ksx ds nkSjku ,d Nk=k }kjk Mg ds 24 xzke dks 98% (w/v) H2SO4 foy;u ds 100ml esa feyk;k x;kA fefJr djus
ds nkSjku dqN Mg(s) ] Q'kZ ij fxj tkrk gS rFkk bl izdkj vfHkfØ;k ls eqDr H2(g) dk STP ij vk;ru 5.6 lit ekfir fd;k
x;k gS] rc (;g ekudj fd vfHkfØ;k iw.kZ :i ls gksrh gS) : [Mole - 1]
3
(A*) H2SO4 ds lkFk Mg(s) dk 6g vfHkd`r gksrk gS (B*) Mg(s) dh th ek=kk Q'kZ ij fxj tkrh gSA
4
1
(C) Mg(s) dh th ek=kk Q'kZ ij fxj tkrh gSA (D) H2SO4 ds lkFk Mg(s) dk 18g vfHkd`r gksrk gSA
4
Sol. Mg + H2SO4  MgSO4 + H2(g) 

100  98 5. 6
= 1 mole = 0.25 mol
100  98 22 .4
No. of mole of Mg reacted = 0.25 mol
Weight of Mg fell on floor = 0.75 × 24 = 18 g.
Mg ds vfHkd`r eksyks dh la[;k = 0.25 mol
Q'kZ ij fxjs Mg dk Hkkj nzO;eku = 0.75 × 24 = 18 g.
12. Two liquids 'A' (molecular mass = 40) and 'B' (Molecular mass = 20) are partially miscible. W hen
1 mol of A and 3 mol of B are shaken together and allowed to settle, two layer. L 1 and L 2. are
formed as shown in diagram. [T]
Layer 'L 1' contains 0.1 mole fraction of 'A' and layer 'L 2' contains 0.4 mole fraction of A calculate
the ratio of masses of layer L 1 to layer L 2. Page # 3
1 13 11 112
(A) (B) (C*) (D)
9 15 14 88
Sol. Let. moles of A in L1 = x

Let. moles of B in L1 = y
x
  0.1 so 9x = y .........(i)
xy
In L 2 mole of A = 1 – x
In L 2 mole of B = 3 – y
1 x
  0.4
1  x    3  y 
So 1 –x = 1.6 –0.4 x –0.4 y
0.4y –0.6 x = 0.6 .........(ii)
by eqn. (i) and (ii) 3x = 0.6 and
x = 0.2 & y = 1.8
Mass of L 1 = 0.2×40+1.8×20 = 44 g
Mass of L 2 = 0.8×40+1.2×20 = 56 g
44 11
Mass Ratio L 1 to L 2 = 
56 14
13. Molality of a solution is the number of moles of solute _________ : [E]

(A) present in 1000 g of solution (B) present in 1 L of solution
(C*) dissolved in 1 kg of solvent (D) dissolved in 1000 mL of solvent
,d foy;u dh eksyyrk] foys; ds eksyksa dh og la[;k gS] tks %
(A) 1000 g foy;u esa mifLFkr jgrh gSA (B) 1 L foy;u esa mifLFkr jgrh gSA
(C*) 1 kg foyk;d esa ?kqyrh gSA (D) 1000 mL foyk;d esa ?kqyrh gSA
Sol. By definition, molality of a solution is the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 kg of solvent.
gy ifjHkk"kk }kjk, ,d foy;u dh eksyyrk] foys; ds eksyksa dh og la[;k gS] tks 1 kg foyk;d esa ?kqyrh gSA
14. On dissolving 1.5 × 1023 molecules of H2SO4 in water to prepare 500 mL solution, the concentration of H+
ions in the solution is : (Assume H2SO4 to be completely dissociated in water) [E]
500 mL foy;u cukus ds fy, ty esa H2SO4 ds 1.5 × 1023 v.kqvksa dks ?kksyus ij] foy;u esa H+ vk;uksa dh lkUnzrk fuEu
gS % ¼;g ekusa fd ty esa H2SO4 iw.kZr;k fo;ksftr gks tkrk gS)
(A) 0.5 M (B*) 1 M (C) 0.25 M (D) 0.75 M
 1.5  10 23 
nH2SO 4  
=  NA
 
Sol. [H2SO4] = V  = 0.5 M
solution (L )
0 .5
 [H+] = [H2SO4] × 2 = 0.5 × 2 = 1 M
 1.5  10 23 
nH2SO 4  
=  NA
 
gy [H2SO4] = V  = 0.5 M
foy ; u (L )
0 .5
 [H+] = [H2SO4] × 2 = 0.5 × 2 = 1 M
15. 300 ml of 3.0 M NaCl is added to 200 ml of 4.0 M BaCl2 solution. The concentration of Cl– ions in the resulting
solution is : [Test Bank ; Modified by JMR Sir] [E]
(1) 4.5 M (2) 3.4 M (3) 6 M (4*) 5 M
3.0 M NaCl foy;u ds 300 ml dks 4.0 M BaCl2 foy;u ds 200 ml ds lkFk feyk;k tkrk gSA ifj.kkeh foy;u esa Cl–
vk;u dh lkUnzrk fuEu gS % [Test Bank ; Modified by JMR Sir]
(1) 4.5 M (2) 3.4 M (3) 6 M (4*) 5 M
300  3  200  4  2 2500
Sol. [Cl¯] = = =5M
500 500

16. If ratio of mole fractions of solute and solvent is same for 2 different solutions, 1 prepared in H2O and other
(molality ) H2O
prepared in solvent 'S' having molar mass = 162 g/mol. Find ratio (Molality ) =? [E]
solvent 'S '
;fn nks fHkUu foy;uksa ds fy, foys; o foyk;d dh eksy fHkUuksa dk vuqikr leku gS] çFke foy;u H2O esa cuk;k x;k gS
rFkk vU; foy;u eksyj æO;eku = 162 g/mol okys 'S' foyk;d es cuk;k x;k gS rc
¼eksy y rk½H O
vuqikr ¼eksy y rk½ 2 Kkr dhft, %
foy k;d ' S'
(1*) 9 (2) .9 (3) .09 (4) 90
17. Which of the following statements is/are true for a particular sample of 8% (w/w) Urea (NH2CONH2) solution
with density = 1.125 g/mL : [M]
(A*) Molarity of given solution is 1.5 M.
(B) Molarity of solution is 1 M
(C) Molarity of solution is 1.25 M
(D) Molarity does not change on changing temperature
?kuRo = 1.125 g/mL okys 8% (w/w) ;wfj;k (NH2CONH2) foy;u ds ,d fuf'pr izkn'kZ ds fy, fuEu esa ls
dkSulk@dkSuls dFku lgh gS@gSa %
(A*) fn;s x;s foy;u dh eksyjrk 1.5 M gSA (B) fn;s x;s foy;u dh eksyjrk 1 M gSA
(C) fn;s x;s foy;u dh eksyjrk 1.25 M gSA (D) rkieku cnyus ij eksyjrk ugha cnyrh gSA
(%w / w )  d  10 8  1.125  10
Sol. M = Mol. mass = = 1.5 M
solute 60
18. The molarity of the 0.5 m solution of KOH of density 1.142 g/mL is : (Given atomic mass of K = 39 ) is :
[M]
ml foy;u dh eksyjrk D;k gS] tks KOH ds 0.5 m j[krk gks] ftldk ?kuRo 1.142 g/mL gS \ (fn;k x;k gS K dk ijekf.o;
nzO;eku = 39)
(A) 0.18 M (B*) 0.56 M (C) 0.28 M (D) 1.56 M
19. Calculate the mole fraction of HCl when 3 × 1022 molecules of HCl are dissolved in 460 g of ethanol :
[Ref. SA Mam_2012] [M]
HCl dk eksy fHkUu ifjdfyr dhft;s] tc HCl ds 3 × 1022 v.kq] 460 g ,FksukWy esa ?kksys tkrs gSa :
[Ref. SA Mam_2012]
(A) 0.1 (B) 0.05 (C*) 0.005 (D) 0.5
20. You are given 4.9 % w/v aqueous solution of H2SO4 of density 1.49 g/ml, then which is INCORRECT option?
[M]
(A) molarity (M) of the solution = 0.5 M (B) strength = 49 g/litre
(C*) % by weight of H2SO4 = 40% (D) concentration of H+ ion = 1 M
vkidks 1.49 g/ml ?kuRo okyk H2SO4 dk 4.9% w/v tyh; foy;u fn;k x;k gSa rks fuEu esa ls dkSulk fodYi xyr gS\
(A) foy;u dh eksyjrk (M) = 0.5 M (B) lkeF;Z = 49 g/litre
(C*) H2SO4 ds Hkkj dk izfr'kr = 40% (D) H+ vk;u dh lkUnzrk = 1 M
Sol. Total moles of solute (H2SO4) = 0.05 in 100 ml
Total mass of solute (H2SO4) = 0.05 × 98 = 4.90 gm
Mass of solution = 100 × 1.49 = 149 g
0.05
Molarity = × 1000
100
= 0.5
[H+] = 2 × H2SO4
= 2 × 0.5 = 1 M
Strength = 0.5 × 98 = 49 g/Lt.
4. 9
% by wt. = × 100
149

490
= _
~ 3.3
149
gy. foys; ds dqy eksy (H2SO4) = 0.05 (100 ml esa)
foys; dk dqy nzO;eku (H2SO4) = 0.05 × 98 = 4.90 gm
foy;u dk nzO;eku = 100 × 1.49 = 149 g
0.05
eksyjrk = × 1000
100
= 0.5
[H+] = 2 × H2SO4
= 2 × 0.5 = 1 M
lkeF;Z = 0.5 × 98 = 49 g/Lt.
4. 9 490 _
% Hkkj ls = × 100 = ~ 3.3
149 149
21. Na2SO4 is prepared industrially by following method. [M]

NaCl + H2SO4  NaHSO4 + HCl
NaHSO4 + NaCl  Na2SO4 + HCl
Find molarity of HCl produced when 11.7 kg of NaCl is treated with sufficient H2SO4 for complete reaction and
all HCl is absorbed to prepare 500 L solution.
(A) 0.8 (B) 0.6 (C*) 0.4 (D) 0.2
fuEu fof/k }kjk vkS|ksfxd :i ls Na2SO4 dks cuk;k tkrk gSA
NaCl + H2SO4  NaHSO4 + HCl
NaHSO4 + NaCl  Na2SO4 + HCl
mRikfnr HCl dh eksyjrk Kkr dhft;s tc iw.kZ vfHkfØ;k ds fy, 11.7 kg NaCl dks i;kZIr H2SO4 ds lkFk mipkfjr fd;k
tkrk gS rFkk lHkh HCl dks vo'kksf"kr dj 500 L foy;u cuk;k tkrk gS %
(A) 0.8 (B) 0.6 (C*) 0.4 (D) 0.2
11.7  1000
Sol. Moles of NaCl = = 200 moles.
58.5
Moles of HCl = 200 moles
200 2
Molarity =  = 0.4
500 5
11.7  1000
gy NaCl ds eksy = = 200 moles.
58.5
HCl ds eksy = 200 moles
200 2
eksyjrk = 
500 5
= 0.4
22. What is % purity of NaOH sample whose x gram requires M molar HCl in V litres for complete neutralization
[M]
MVx 100M 4000 MV
(A) % (B) % (C*) % (D) None of these
4000 X X
NaOH uewus dh % 'kq)rk D;k gksxh] ftldk iw.kZr% mnklhuhdj.k djus ds fy;s V yhVj esa M eksyj HCl dk x g vko';d
gS %
MVx 100M 4000 MV
(A) % (B) % (C*) % (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
4000 X X
23. In a closed container NO2 was taken which dimerises to give N2O4. After some time mole fraction of N2O4 was
found to be 2/3 in the container then % dimerisation of NO2 at the time will be [M]
,d cUn ik=k esa NO2 fy;k x;k tks f}ydhd`r gksdj N2O4 nsrk gSA dqN le; i'pkr~ N2O4 dk eksy fHkUu 2/3 izkIr gqvk
rks ml le; NO2 dk % f}ydhdj.k fdruk gqvk gksxk \
(A) 40% (B) 20% (C*) 80% (D) 60%
Sol. 2 NO2 NO
 2 4
100 – x x/2 mol

x
2 2
mole fraction ofN2O4 = x =
(100  x )  3
2
3x
200 – 2x + x =
2
200 = 1.5 x + x
200
x= = 80
2.5
24. How much water is to be added to 3 kg of a 20% (w/w) solution to convert it to a 15% (w/w) solution ? [M]
20% ¼Hkkj@Hkkj½ foy;u ds 3 kg dks 15% ¼Hkkj@Hkkj½ foy;u esa cnyus ds fy, fdrus ty dks feyk;k tk;s gS \
(A*) 1 kg (B) 10 kg (C) 0.1 kg (D) None of these
Sol. Let w gram water must be added
3000  0.2
then mass % of solute = × 100 = 15
3000  w
 w = 1000 g = 1 kg
gy. ekuk fd w xzke ikuh Mkyk tkrk gSA

3000  0.2
rc foys; dk nzO;eku izfr'kr = × 100 = 15
3000  w
 w = 1000 g = 1 kg
25. You are given 4.9 % w/v aqueous solution of H2SO4 of density 1.49 gm/ml, then which is incorrect option?
[T]
(A) molarity (M) of the solution = 0.5 M (B) strength = 49 g/litre
(C*) % by weight of H2SO4 = 40% (D) concentration of H+ ion = 1 M
vkidks 1.49 gm/ml ?kuRo okyk H2SO4 dk 4.9% w/v tyh; foy;u fn;k x;k gSa rks fuEu esa ls dkSulk fodYi xyr gS\
(A) foy;u dh eksyjrk (M) = 0.5 M (B) lkeF;Z = 49 g/litre
(C*) H2SO4 ds Hkkj dk izfr'kr = 40% (D) H+ vk;u dh lkUnzrk = 1 M
Sol. Total moles of solute (H2SO4) = 0.05 in 100 ml
Total mass of solute (H2SO4) = 0.05 × 98 = 4.90 gm
Mass of solution = 100 × 1.49 = 149 g
0.05
Molarity = × 1000
100
= 0.5
[H+] = 2 × H2SO4
= 2 × 0.5 = 1 M
Strength = 0.5 × 98 = 49 g/Lt.
4. 9
% by wt. = × 100
149
490
= _
~ 3.3
149
gy. foys; ds dqy eksy (H2SO4) = 0.05 (100 ml esa)

foys; dk dqy nzO;eku (H2SO4) = 0.05 × 98 = 4.90 gm
foy;u dk nzO;eku = 100 × 1.49 = 149 g
0.05
eksyjrk = × 1000
100
= 0.5
[H+] = 2 × H2SO4

= 2 × 0.5 = 1 M
lkeF;Z = 0.5 × 98 = 49 g/Lt.
4. 9 490
% Hkkj ls = × 100 = _
~ 3.3
149 149
26. Three solutions, each having volume 1 L, of 1.2 M H2SO4, 1 M HCl, 1 M BaCl2 are mixed. To this, furthur 1 L,
2 M AgNO3 solution is added. If the following reactions take place to 100% completion, then find the [Cl–] and
[SO42–] concentration in final solution. [Aug. SA Mam_2012]
Ba2+ + SO42– BaSO4(s)
Ag+ + Cl– AgCl (s)
(A) 0.5, 0.5 (B*) 0.05, 0.25 (C) 0.05, 0.05 (D) 0, 0
rhu foy;u 1.2 M H2SO4, 1 M HCl ; 1 M BaCl2 izR;sd ds 1 yhVj vk;ru dks fefJr djrs gSA bl foy;u esa 2 M
AgNO3 foy;u dk 1 L feykrs gSA ;fn fuEu vfHkfØ;k 100% iw.kZ gksrh gS rc vfUre foy;u esa [Cl–] o [SO42–]
lkUnzrk Kkr dhft,A [Aug. SA Mam_2012]
Ba2+ + SO42– BaSO4(s)
Ag+ + Cl– AgCl (s)
(A) 0.5, 0.5 (B*) 0.05, 0.25 (C) 0.05, 0.05 (D) 0, 0
Sol. moles of SO42– = 1.2
moles of Cl– = 3
moles of Ba2+ = 1 mole
moles of Ag+ = 2 mole
mole of SO42– (left) = 1.2 – 1 = 0.2
[SO42–] = 0.2/4 = 0.05
moles of Cl– (left) = 3 – 2 = 1
1
[Cl–] = = 0.25.
4
gy % SO42– ds eksy = 1.2
Cl– ds eksy = 3
Ba2+ ds eksy= 1 eksy
Ag+ ds eksy = 2 eksy
SO42– ('ks"k) ds eksy = 1.2 – 1 = 0.2
[SO42–] = 0.2/4 = 0.05
Cl– ('ks"k) ds eksy = 3 – 2 = 1
1
[Cl–] = = 0.25
4
27. 150 g of a HNO3 solution (d = 1.2 g/mL) contains 63 g of HNO3. What volume of this HNO3 solution will be
required to react with a NaOH solution, containing 24 g NaOH : [M]
Reaction : HNO3 + NaOH  NaNO3 + H2O
,d 150 g HNO3 foy;u (d = 1.2 g/mL), 63 g HNO3 j[krk gSA NaOH foy;u] tks 24 g NaOH ;qDr gS] ds lkFk iw.kZ
fØ;k djus ds fy, bl HNO3 foy;u dk D;k vk;ru vko';d gksxk %
vfHkfØ;k : HNO3 + NaOH  NaNO3 + H2O
(1*) 75 mL (2) 100 mL (3) 150 mL (4) 50 mL
63
Sol. Mole of HNO3 = =1 ; Volume of HNO3 solution = 125 mL
63
Molarity of HNO3 = 8 M ; Let’s assume that volume of HNO3 solution required for NaOH = V L
Mole of HNO3 required for NaOH = 8 V.
24 6
Mole of NaOH = =
40 10
6
8V=
10
V = 0.075 L = 75 mL.

63
gy HNO3 ds fy, eksy = =1 ; HNO3 foy;u dk vk;ru = 125 mL
63
HNO3 dh eksyjrk = 8 M ; ekuk fd NaOH ds fy, vko';d HNO3 foy;u dk vk;ru = V L
NaOH ds fy, vko';d HNO3 ds eksy = 8 V.
24 6
NaOH ds eksy = =
40 10
6
8V=
10
V = 0.075 L = 75 mL.
28. What volume of 0.2 M Ba(OH)2 must be added to 300 mL of a 0.08 M HCl solution to get a solution in which
the molarity of hydroxyl (OH–) ions is 0.08 M : [T] (MOL)
0.2 M Ba(OH)2 foy;u dk fdruk vk;ru] 300 mL, 0.08 M HCl foy;u esa feyk;k tk;s] ftlls ifj.kkeh foy;u
esa (OH–) vk;u dh eksyjrk 0.08 M gks tk;s :
(A) 375 mL (B) 300 mL (C) 225 mL (D*) 150 mL
Sol. Let volume of Ba(OH)2 solution taken be V litres.
 nBa(OH)2 = 0.2  V
Ba(OH)2 + 2HCl  BaCl2 + 2H2O

nHCl = 0.3 × 0.08
= 0.024
(By stoichiometry)
1
 nBa(OH)2 left = 0.2 V – (0.024) = (0.2V – 0.012) moles
2
Total volume of solution = (0.3 + V) litres
(0.2 V  0.012 )  2
 molarity of OH– ion = = 0.08
0.3  V
On solving , V = 0.15 litre = 150 mL
gy% ekuk fd Ba(OH)2 foy;u dk vk;ru V yhVj gSA

 nBa(OH)2 = 0.2  V

nHCl = 0.3 × 0.08
= 0.024
¼vfHkfØ;k dh jllehdj.kferh ls½
1
 nBa(OH)2 ¼'ks"k½ = 0.2 V – (0.024) = (0.2V – 0.012) eksy
2
foy;u dk dqy vk;ru = (0.3 + V) yhVj
(0.2 V  0.012 )  2
 OH– vk;u dh eksyjrk = = 0.08
0.3  V
gy djus ij] V = 0.15 yhVj = 150 mL
29. How many grams of concentrated nitric acid solution should be used to prepare 250 mL of 2.0M HNO3 ?
The concentrated acid is 70% HNO3. [M]
(A) 90.0 g conc. HNO3 (B) 70.0 g conc. HNO3
(C) 54.0 g conc. HNO3 (D*) 45.0 g conc. HNO3
2.0M HNO3 ds 250mL cukus esa fdrus xzke lkafnzr ukbfVªd vEy dk ?kksy iz;ksx esa yk;saxs\ lkafnzr vEy 70% HNO3
gSA
(A) 90.0 g lkafnzr HNO3 (B) 70.0 g lkafnzr HNO3
(C) 54.0 g lkafnzr HNO3 (D*) 45.0 g lkafnzr HNO3
Mass 1000
Sol. 2 
63 250

63 70 63
mass = gm ; mass of acid ×  ; mass of acid = 45 gm
2 100 2
æO; eku 1000
Sol. 2 
63 250
63 70 63
æO;eku = gm ; vEy dk æO;eku ×  ; vEy dk æO;eku = 45 gm
2 100 2
30. What is the concentration of nitrate ions if equal volumes of 0.1 M AgNO3 and 0.1 M NaCl are mixed
together : [E]
;fn 0.1 M AgNO3 rFkk 0.1 M NaCl ds leku vk;ru ,d lkFk fefJr fd;s tkrs gSa] rks ukbVªsV vk;uksa dh lkUnzrk D;k
gksxh:
(A) 0.1 M (B) 0.2 M (C*) 0.05 M (D) 0.25 M
0.1V  0 0 .1
Sol. [NO3–] = 2V = 2 = 0.05 M
31. 120 g of urea (NH2CONH2) is mixed with 1080 g water to prepare a solution. Then, the mole fraction of solute
in solution is : [M]
120 g ;wfj;k (NH2CONH2) dks 1080 g ty ds lkFk fefJr dj ,d foy;u cuk;k tkrk gSA rc foy;u esa foys; dk
eksy&fHkUu fuEu gS %
1 1 1 1
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
31 6 30 5
 120 
 
nurea  60  1
Sol. Xsolute = n =  120 1080  =
urea  nH2O    31
 60 18 
 120 
 
n ;fwj;k  60  1
Xfoys; = n =  120 1080  =
; fwj;k  nH2O
gy 31
  
 60 18 
32. The concentration of a solution is 8% w/w and 16% (w/v). Calculate density of solution. [M]
foy;u dh lkUnzrk 8% w/w o 16% (w/v) gSA foy;u dk ?kuRo Kkr dhft;sA
(A) 4 g/ml (B) 1 g/ml (C) 3 g/ml (D*) 2 g/ml
8  d  100
Sol. = 16
100
d = 2 g/ml
33. How many grams of NaOH is required to neutralize 20 mL of 49% (mass) H2SO4 of specific gravity = 1.2 ?
[Ref. SKV Sir_2012] [M]
fof'k"V ?kuRo = 1.2 ds lkFk 49% (Hkkj@Hkkj) H2SO4 ds 20 mL dks mnklhu djus ds fy, NaOH ds fdrus xzke vko';d
gSa \
[Ref. SKV Sir_2012]
(A) 0.96 g (B) 8.4 g (C*) 9.6 g (D) 0.48 g
10  1.2  49
Sol. M (H2SO4) = = 6 M.
98
m moles of H2SO4 (H2SO4 ds feyh eksy) = 6 × 20 = 120 m mole
H2SO4 + 2 NaOH  Na2SO4 + 2H2O
120 240
m mole m mole

240
 Mass of NaOH required (NaOH dk vko';d nzO;eku) =  40 = 9.6 g
1000
MCQ
1. * A metal M (At. wt. = 111g and density 12g cm-3) dissolves hydrogen gas 896 times of its own volume at
STP to form an interstitial hydride MHx. Which of the following options is/are correct [T]
(A*) value of x = 0.74 (B) moles of metal is 0.108
(C*) molality of H-atoms in hydride is 6.67 (D) moles of hydrogen present in 1 litre at STP is 80
STP ij ,d /kkrq] (ijek.kq Hkkj = 111g rFkk ?kuRo 12g cm-3), Lo;a ds vk;ru dk 896 xquk gkbMªkstu xSl ds vk;ru
dks foys; djds ,d MHx, vUrjkdk'kh gkbMªkbM dk fuekZ.k djrh gSA
fuEu esa ls dkSulk@dkSuls fodYi lgh gS@gSa %
(A*) x dk eku = 0.74 (B) /kkrq ds eksy 0.108 gSA
(C*) gkbMªkbM esa H-ijek.kqvksa dh eksyyrk 6.67 gSA (D) STP ij] 1 yhVj esa mifLFkr gkbMªkstu ds eksy 80 gSA
Sol. (A) , (C)
12  1000
Moles of metal in 1 litre   108.1
111
12  1000
1 yhVj esa /kkrq ds1eks
litre
y =  108.1
111
896
Number of moles of H - atoms present in 1 litre at STP   2 = 80
22.4
896
STP ij] 1 yhVj esa mifLFkr H - ijek.kqvksa ds eksyksa dh la[;k   2 = 80
22.4
80
x   0.74
108.1
80  1000
Molality of H - atoms in MHx = = 6.67
12000
80  1000
MHx esa H - ijek.kqvksa dh eksyyrk = = 6.67
12000
2. 20 mL of pure formic acid (HCOOH) liquid is mixed with 40 mL of pure water to prepare a solution. If the
9
density of pure formic acid liquid, pure water and the solution are 1.15 g/mL, 1 g/mL and g/mL, then :
8
[T]
(A) The volume expansion upon mixing the two pure liquids is 3.33%.
(B*) The volume contraction upon mixing the two pure liquids is 6.66%.
9
(C*) Mole fraction of formic acid in the solution is .
49
1
(D) % w/v of the resulting solution will be 38 %.
3
'kq) QkfeZd vEy (HCOOH) nzo ds 20 mL dks] ,d foy;u cukus ds fy, 40 mL 'kq) ty esa feyk;k tkrk gSA ;fn 'kq)
9
QkWfeZd vEy nzo rFkk 'kq) ty rFkk foy;u ds ?kuRo Øe'k% 1.15 g/mL, 1 g/mL rFkk 8
g/mL gSa] rc :
(A) nks 'kq) nzoksa dks feykus ij vk;ru esa 3.33% dh o`f) gksrh gSA
(B*) nks 'kq) nzoksa dks feykus ij vk;ru esa 6.66% dk ladqpu gksrk gSA
9
(C*) foy;u esa QkWfeZd vEy dh eksy fHkUu gSA
49
1
(D) ifj.kkeh foy;u dk w/v % = 38 3 % gksxkA
mmix mHCOOH  mH2O 1.15  20  1 40

Sol. (Vmix)actual = d = dmix
= = 56 mL
mix 9/8
(Vmix)expected = 20 + 40 = 60 mL
60  56
 % contraction in volume vk;ru esa çfr'kr ladqpu = × 100 = 6.66%
60

1.15  20
46 9
XHCOOH = =
1.15  20 48 49

46 18
wtHCOOH 23
 % w/v = V sol. × 100 = 56 × 100 = 41.07%
3. An aqueous solution contain 10% by mass CH3COOH. Which is/are correct for this solution. (Assume
density of solution is 2 g/ml) [M] (MOL)
(A*) Mole fraction of CH3COOH = 131 (B*) Molarity = 3.33 M
1
(C) Molality = m (D) Mole fraction of CH3COOH = 161
1.85
,d tyh; foy;u nzO;eku ds vuqlkj 10% CH3COOH j[krk gSA bl foy;u ds fy, lgh fodYi gS@gSa % (ekuk fd foy;u
dk ?kuRo 2 g/ml gSA)
1
(A*) CH3COOH dh eksy fHkUu = (B*) eksyjrk = 3.33 M
31
1 1
(C) eksyyrk = m (D) CH3COOH dh eksy fHkUu =
1.85 61
Ans. (A, B)
Sol. 10 g CH3COOH present in 100 g of solution (100 g foy;u esa 10 g CH3COOH mifLFkr gSA)
weight of Solute foys; dk Hkkj = 10 g
weight of solution foy;u dk Hkkj = 100 g
weight of solvent foyk;d dk Hkkj = 100 – 10 = 90 g
M
d=
V
100
2= [V = 50 mL]
V
10
n CH3COOH 1 60 Mole1000 10 1000 20 10
X= n n = 10 90 = ; M= = × = = = 3.33 M
CH3COOH  H2O  31 V 60 50 6 3
60 18
4. Which of the following amount of H2SO4 can be taken to prepare a 0.25 M aqueous solution of H2SO4 : [E]
(A*) 49 g (B*) 0.25 g-molecule (C*) (NA/4) molecules (D*) 24.5 g
H2SO4 dk 0.25 M tyh; foy;u rS;kj djus ds fy, H2SO4 dh fdruh ek=kk yh tk ldrh gS :
(A*) 49 xzke (B*) 0.25 xzke&v.kq (C*) (NA/4) v.kq (D*) 24.5 xzke
Sol. Since the volume of solution to be prepared is not given, any amount of H2SO4 can be used.
gy- pw¡fd rS;kj fd;s tkus okys foy;u dk vk;ru ugha fn;k x;k gS] blfy, H2SO4 dh fdlh Hkh ek=kk dk mi;ksx fd;k tk
ldrk gSA
5. An aqueous solution of salt is labelled as 13% w/v. For 100 mL solution the correct options are :
(A*) Amount of salt = 13 g (B) Amount of water = 87 g
(C) Volume of water = 100 mL (D) Ratio of mass of water and mass of sugar = 87 : 13
yo.k ds tyh; foy;u ij 13% w/v fpfUgr gSA 100 mL foy;u ds fy, lgh fodYi gSA
(A*) yo.k dh ek=kk = 13 g (B) ty dh ek=kk = 87 g
(C) ty dk vk;ru = 100 mL (D) ty rFkk yo.k ds nzO;ekuksa dk vuqikr = 87 : 13
Sol. 100 mL solution contains : 13 g salt.
100 mL foy;u j[krk gS : 13 g yo.kA
6. A student prepares 2M, 50 mL sugar solution in water. He drops 10 mL solution which he compensates
with pure water. Identify true statements. [M] (Made by AIS Sir June)
(A*) Final molarity of sugar = 1.6M
(B*) Final volume of solution = 50 mL
(C*) Mole of sugar lost due to dropping = 2 10–2
(D) Density of solution does not change due to dilution
,d Nk=k 2M, 50 mL ty esa 'kdZjk dk foy;u rS;kj djrk gSA og 10 mL foy;u fxjk nsrk gS ftldh iwfrZ og
'kq) ty ls djrk gSA lgh dFku igpkfu;sA
(A*) 'kdZjk dh vfUre eksyjrk = 1.6M (B*) foy;u dk vfUre vk;ru = 50 mL
(C*) fxjus ds dkj.k 'kdZjk ds eksy esa deh = 2 10–2 (D) ruqdj.k ls foy;u dk ?kuRo vifjofrZr jgrk gSA
2  (50 – 10)
Sol. Final molarity = = 1.6, moles lost = 2  10  10 –3 = 2 10–2
50
2  (50 – 10)
Sol. vfUre eksyjrk = = 1.6, eksy esa deh = 2  10  10 –3 = 2 10–2
50
7. If 100 ml of 1M H2SO4 solution is mixed with 100 ml of 98%(w/w) H2SO4 solution (d = 0.1 gm/ml) then :[M]
(A*) concentration of solution remains same (B*) volume of solution become 200 ml
(C) mass of H2SO4 in the solution is 98 gm (D*) mass of H2SO4 in the solution is 19.6 gm
;fn 1M H2SO4 dk 100 ml, 98%(w/w) H2SO4 foy;u (d = 0.1 gm/ml) ds 100 ml ds lkFk fefJr fd;k x;k rks :
(A*) foy;u dh lkUnzrk leku jgrh gSA (B*) foy;u dk vk;ru 200 ml gks tkrk gSA
(C) foy;u esa H2SO4 dk nzO;eku 98 gm gSA (D*) foy;u esa H2SO4 dk nzO;eku 19.6 gm gSA
10  d  x
Sol. (A) Molarity of second solution is = =1M
M
(B) Volume = 100 + 100 = 200 ml
200  1
(D) Mass of H2SO4 = × 98 = 19.6 gm.
1000
10  d  x
gy- (A) f}rh; foy;u dh eksyjrk = =1M gSA
M
(B) vk;ru = 100 + 100 = 200 ml
200  1
(D) H2SO4 dk nzO;eku = × 98 = 19.6 gm.
1000
8. On dissolving 12 g urea (NH2CONH2) in 2 L of 0.05 M aqueous solution of urea, which of the following
concentrations is/are true for the resulting solution : [M]
(A*) Molarity = 0.15 M (B) % w/v = 9% (C*) Strength = 9 g/L (D) Xurea = 0.3
0.05 M ;wfj;k ds 2 L tyh; foy;u esa 12 g ;wfj;k (NH2CONH2) feykus ij] ifj.kkeh foy;u ds fy, fuEu esa ls dkSulh
lkUnzrk@lkUnzrk,sa lgh gS :
(A*) eksyjrk = 0.15 M (B) % w/v = 9% (C*) lkeF;Z = 9 g/L (D) X;wfj;k = 0.3
M1V1L  n solute added 0.05  2  0.2 M  GMMsolute 0.15  60
Sol. Mf = V1L = = 0.15 M ; % w/v = = = 0.9 %.
2 10 10
Strength (g/L) = M × GMMsolute = 0.15 × 60 = 9 g/L
Mole fraction of urea cannot be calculated as final density of the solution is not given.
M1V1L  n fey k; s x; s foy s; 0.05  2  0.2 M  GMM foy s; 0.15  60
gy- Mf = V1L = = 0.15 M ; % w/v = = = 0.9 %.
2 10 10
lkeF;Z (g/L) = M × GMMfoys; = 0.15 × 60 = 9 g/L
;wfj;k dk eksy izHkkt Kkr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS] D;ksafd foy;u dk vfUre ?kuRo ugha fn;k x;k gSA
9. Which of the following statements is/are true for a particular sample of 8% (w/w) Urea (NH2CONH2) solution
with density = 1.125 g/mL : [M]
(A*) Molarity of given solution is 1.5 M.
(B*) % (w/v) of given solution is 9%.
(C) Molality of given solution is greater than 1.5 m.
2
(D) The given solution contains moles of Urea solute.
15
?kuRo = 1.125 g/mL okys 8% (w/w) ;wfj;k (NH2CONH2) foy;u ds ,d fuf'pr izkn'kZ ds fy, fuEu esa ls dkSulk@dkSuls

dFku lgh gS@gSa %
(A*) fn;s x;s foy;u dh eksyjrk 1.5 M gSA
(B*) fn;s x;s foy;u dh (% w/v), 9% gSA
(C) fn;s x;s foy;u dh eksyyrk] 1.5 m ls vf/kd gSA
2
(D) fn;k x;k foy;u] ;wfj;k foys; ds eksy j[krk gSA
15
(%w / w )  d  10 8  1.125  10
Sol. M = Mol. mass = = 1.5 M
solute 60
(% w/v) = (% w/w/) × d = 8 × 1.125 = 9 %
1000  M
Molality (eksyyrk) = 1000  d  M  Mol. mass
solute
1000  1.5
= (> 1.5 m)
1000  1.125  1.5  60
Since, volume of solution is not given, so number of moles of solute cannot be calculated.
pwafd foy;u dk vk;ru ugha fn;k x;k gS] vr% foys; ds eksyksa dh la[;k Kkr ugha dh tk ldrh gSSA
10. Solutions containing 23 g HCOOH is/are : [Book_N.Avasthi & V.K. Jaiswal_2008_1.205] [E]
w
(A*) 46 g of 70%  v  HCOOH (dsolution = 1.40 g/mL)
 
(B*) 50 g of 10 M HCOOH (dsolution = 1 g/mL)
w
(C) 50 g of 25%  w  HCOOH
 
(D) 46 g of 5 M HCOOH (dsolution = 1 g/mL)
foy;u 23 g HCOOH ;qDr gS/gS % [Book_N.Avasthi & V.K. Jaiswal_2008_1.205]

w
(A*) 70%  v  HCOOH ds 46g (dfoy;u= 1.40 g/mL)
 
(B*) 10 M HCOOH ds 50 g (dfoy;u= 1 g/mL)
w
(C) 25%  w  HCOOH ds 50 g
 
(D) 5 M HCOOH ds 46 g (dfoy;u = 1 g/mL)
11. Chloride of an element is given by the formula MClx and it is 100% ionised in 0.01 M aqueous solution. Then
[M]
(A*) if [Cl–] = 0.03 M then the value of x is 3. (B*) if [Cl–] = 0.05 M then the value of x is 5
(C*) [Mx+] = 0.01 M, irrespective of [Cl–] (D) [Mx+] depends on [Cl–]
,d rRo esa DyksjkbM dk v.kq lw=k MClx fn;k x;k gS ;s 0.01 M tyh; foy;u esa 100% vk;fur gS rc
(A*) ;fn [Cl–] = 0.03 M rc x dk eku 3 gksxkA (B*) ;fn [Cl–] = 0.05 M rc x dk eku 5 gksxkA
(C*) [Mx+] = 0.01 M, [Cl–] ds lanHkZ esa (D) [Mx+], [Cl–] ij fuHkZj gSA
Sol. In each mole of MClx there are x moles of Cl–

 [Cl–] = x × 0.01
conc. of [Mx+] = 0.01
gy- MClx ds izR;sd eksy esa Cl– ds x eksy gSA
 [Cl–] = x × 0.01
[Mx+] dh lkUnzrk = 0.01
12. Which of the following statement is/are incorrect : [M]

(A*) Vapour density of SO2 gas relative to oxygen gas is 4 at same temperature and pressure.
(B*) Vapour density of a gas is not same at different conditions of temperature and pressure.
(C*) If 0.5 litre of 1 M solution of urea is mixed with 0.5 litre of 2M solution of urea, final molarity of solution will
be 3M
(D) Molarity is temperature dependent quantity.

fuEu esa ls dkSulk@dkSuls dFku vlR; gS@gSa
(A*) leku rki rFkk nkc ij vkWDlhtu xSl ds lkis{k SO2 xSl dk ok"i ?kuRo 4 gSA
(B*) ,d xSl dk ok"i ?kuRo] rki rFkk nkc dh fofHkUu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa leku ugha gksrk gSA
(C*) ;fn ;wfj;k ds 1 M foy;u ds 0.5 yhVj dks] ;wfj;k ds 2M foy;u ds 0.5 yhVj ds lkFk feyk;k tk;s rks foy;u dh
vfUre eksyjrk 3M gksxhA
(D) eksyjrk rki ij vk/kkfjr ek=kk gSA
64
Sol. (a) V.D. of SO2 w.r.t O2 =
32
M
(b) V.D. = M is temperature pressure independent.
H2
1 2
(c) Mf = = 1.5 M.
2
64
Sol. (a) SO2 dk O2 ds lkis{k V.D. =
32
M
(b) V.D. = M rki nkc ls Lora=k gSA
H2
1 2
(c) Mf = = 1.5 M.
2
13. 1M 100 ml NaCl is mixed with 3M 100 ml HCl solution and 1M 200 ml CaCl2 solution. Find the ratio of the
concentration of cation and anion. [M]
(A*) The ratio of concentration of cation and anion = 3/4 M
(B) The ratio of concentration of cation and anion = 2 M
(C*) [Cl–] = 2 M (D) [Cl–] = 3/2 M
1M 100 ml NaCl dks 3M 100 ml HCl foy;u rFkk 1M 200 ml CaCl2 foy;u ds lkFk fefJr fd;k tkrk gSaA /kuk;u rFkk
_.kk;u dh lkUnzrk dk vuqikr Kkr dhft,A
(A*) /kuk;u rFkk _.kk;u dh lkUnzrk dk vuqikr = 3/4 M (B) /kuk;u rFkk _.kk;u dh lkUnzrk dk vuqikr = 2 M
(C*) [Cl ] = 2 M
–
(D) [Cl–] = 3/2 M
100  300  200 3
Sol. Cation concentration = = M
400 2
100  300  400
anion concentration = = 2M
400
3
ratio =
4
[Cl–] = 2 M
100  300  200 3
gy. /kuk;u lkanzrk = = M
400 2
100  300  400
_.kk;u lkanzrk = = 2M
400
3
vuqikr =
4
[Cl–] = 2 M
14. A certain mass of gas A is kept in a closed container where it undergoes dimerisation, according to the
reaction : (MOL) [T]
2A (g)  A2(g)
Assuming temperature to remain constant, it was found that the partial pressure of A2 gas after time t was
one-fifth of the initial pressure in container. Then, select the correct statement(s) :
(A) The ratio of initial total pressure to the total pressure at time t is 3 : 2.
(B)The mole fraction of A2 in the vessel after time t is 0.2.
(C*) The percentage dimerisation of A upto time t is 40%.
(D*) If each molecule of gas A weighs 10–22g, then the average molecular mass of the mixture in the container
after time t is about 75 amu.
,d can ik=k esa xSl A dk fuf'pr nzO;eku j[kk x;k gS] tgk¡ bldk fuEu vfHkfØ;k ds vuqlkj f}ydhdj.k gks tkrk gS %
2A (g)  A2(g)
rki dks fu;r ekurs gq,] ;g ik;k x;k gS fd t le; i'pkr~ A2 xSl dk vkaf'kd nkc] ik=k esa izkjfEHkd nkc dk 1/5 Hkkx jg
tkrk gSA rc fuEu esa ls lgh dFku@dFkuksa dk p;u dhft, :
(A) izkjfEHkd dqy nkc ,oa t le; ij dqy nkc dk vuqikr 3 : 2 gSA
(B) t le; i'pkr~] ik=k esa A2 xSl dk eksy izHkkt 0.2 gSA
(C*) t le; ij A xSl dk f}ydhdj.k 40% rd gks tkrk gSA
(D*) ;fn xSl A ds izR;sd v.kq dk Hkkj 10–22g gS] rks t le; i'pkr~ ik=k esa mifLFkr feJ.k dk vkSlr v.kqHkkj yxHkx 75
amu gksxkA
Sol. 2A  A2
t=0 n 0
t=t n–x x/2
Pi Pf
 P  moles  = .......(1)
n x
n–
2
 x 
 
 2 
Also, from Dalton's law, p A 2 = X A 2 × Pf  p A 2 =  x  × Pf ......(2)
n– 
 2
1
And, p A 2 = × Pi .......(3)
5
From equations (1), (2) and (3),
2n Pi n n 5
x=  P = x = n =
5 f n– n– 4
2 5
 x 
 
 2  n/5
XA2 =  x = = 0.25
n–  4n / 5
 2
x 2n / 5
% dimerisation = × 100 = × 100 = 40%
n n
Mol. mass of A = 10–22 × 6 × 1023 = 60 amu
3n n
 60   120
n A  MA  n A 2  M A 2 5 5
 Mavg. = nA  nA2 = 3n n = 75 amu.

5 5
gy- 2A  A2
t=0 n 0
t=t n–x x/2

Pi Pf
 P  eksy  = .......(1)
n x
n–
2
 x 
 
 2 
lkFk gh, MkWYVu ds fu;e ls , p A 2 = X A 2 × Pf  p A 2 =  x  × Pf ......(2)
n– 
 2
1
rFkk p A 2 = × Pi .......(3)
5
lehdj.k (1), (2) rFkk (3) ls
2n Pi n n 5
x=  P = x = n =
5 f n– n– 4
2 5
 x 
 
 2  n/5
XA2 =  x = = 0.25
n–  4n / 5
 2
x 2n / 5
% f}ydhdj.k = × 100 = × 100 = 40%
n n
A dk v.kqHkkj = 10–22 × 6 × 1023 = 60 amu
3n n
 60   120
n A  MA  n A 2  M A 2 5 5
 MvkSlr = nA  nA2 = 3n n = 75 amu.

5 5
15. Which of the following molarity values of ions are correct for a aqueous solution which contain 5.85 % w/v
NaCl, 5.55% w/v CaCl2 and 6% w/v NaOH. [M]
,d tyh; foy;u ftlesa 5.85 % w/v NaCl, 5.55% w/v CaCl2 rFkk 6% w/v NaOH mifLFkr gS rks fuEu esa ls dkSuls
vk;uksa dh eksyjrk bl foy;u ds fy;s lgh gSA
(A*) [Cl–] = 2M (B) [Na+] = 1M (C*) [Ca2+] = 0.5 M (D*) [OH–] = 1.5 M
Sol. Only single solution have all these
means 100 ml solution have 5.85 g NaCl = 0.1 mole
and 5.55 g CaCl2 = 0.05 mole
and 6 g NaOH = 0.15 mole
(0.1 0.05  2 ) 1000
[Cl–] = =2M
100
(0.1 0.15 ) 1000
[Na+] = = 2.5 M
100
0.05
[Ca2+] =  1000 = 0.5 M
100
[OH–] = 1.5 M
mijksDr lHkh dsoy ,d gh foy;u esa mifLFkr gSaA
vFkZkr~ 100 ml foy;u 5.85 gm NaCl ;k 0.1 mole eksy NaCl j[krs gSaA
rFkk 5.55 g CaCl2 = 0.05 eksy
rFkk 6 g NaOH = 0.15 eksy

(0.1 0.05  2 ) 1000 (0.1 0.15 ) 1000
[Cl–] = =2M ; [Na+] = = 2.5 M
100 100
0.05
[Ca2+] =  1000 = 0.5 M ; [OH–] = 1.5 M
100
16. 20 mL of pure formic acid (HCOOH) liquid is mixed with 40 mL of pure water to prepare a solution. If the
9
density of pure formic acid liquid, pure water and the solution are 1.15 g/mL, 1 g/mL and g/mL, then :
8
(A) The volume expansion upon mixing the two pure liquids is 3.33%. [T] (MOL(P))
(B*) The volume contraction upon mixing the two pure liquids is 6.66%.
9
(C*) Mole fraction of formic acid in the solution is .
49
1
(D) % w/v of the resulting solution will be 38 %.
3
'kq) QkfeZd vEy (HCOOH) nzo ds 20 mL dks] ,d foy;u cukus ds fy, 40 mL 'kq) ty esa feyk;k tkrk gSA ;fn 'kq)
9
QkWfeZd vEy nzo] 'kq) ty rFkk foy;u ds ?kuRo Øe'k% 1.15 g/mL, 1 g/mL rFkk 8
g/mL gSa] rc :
(A) nks 'kq) nzoksa dks feykus ij vk;ru esa 3.33% dh o`f) gksrh gSA
(B*) nks 'kq) nzoksa dks feykus ij vk;ru esa 6.66% dk ladqpu gksrk gSA
9
(C*) foy;u esa QkWfeZd vEy dh eksy fHkUu gSA
49
1
(D) ifj.kkeh foy;u dk w/v % = 38 3 % gksxkA
mmix mHCOOH  mH2O 1.15  20  1 40

Sol. (Vmix)actual = d = dmix
= = 56 mL
mix 9/8
(Vmix)expected = 20 + 40 = 60 mL
60  56
 % contraction in volume vk;ru esa çfr'kr ladqpu = × 100 = 6.66%
60
1.15  20
46 9 wtHCOOH 23
XHCOOH = =  % w/v = V sol. × 100 = 56 × 100 = 41.07%
1.15  20 40 49

46 18
17. 0.2 mol of Na3PO4 and 0.5 mol of Ba(NO3)2 are mixed in 1 L of solution. Which of the following statements are
correct about this solution ? [M]
(A) 0.2 mol of barium phosphate precipitate is obtained.
(B*) 0.1 mol of barium phosphate precipitate is obtained.
(C*) Molarity of Ba2+ ion in the resulting solution is 0.2 M.
(D*) Molarities of Na+ and NO3– ions are 0.6 M and 1.0 M respectively.
,d yhVj foy;u esa 0.2 eksy Na3PO4 o 0.5 mol Ba(NO3)2 dks fefJr fd;k x;k gSA bl foy;u ds fy, fuEu esa ls dkSuls
dFku lgh gSa \
(A) 0.2 eksy csfj;e QkWLQsV dk vo{ksi çkIr gksxkA
(B*) 0.1 eksy csfj;e QkWLQsV dk vo{ksi çkIr gksxkA
(C*) ifj.kkeh foy;u esa Ba2+ vk;u dh eksyjrk 0.2 M gksxhA
(D*) Na+ o NO3– vk;uksa dh eksyjrk Øe'k% 0.6 M o 1.0 M gksxhA
Sol. 2Na3PO4(aq) + 3Ba(NO3)2(aq)  Ba3(PO4)2(s) + 6 NaNO3(aq)
LR  Na3PO4
0.2
Moles of Ba3(PO4)2 formed = = 0.1
2

3
Moles of Ba(NO3)2 reacted = × 0.2 = 0.3
2
Moles of Ba(NO3)2 unreacted = 0.5 – 0.3
= 0.2 mol (Mole of Ba2+ ions )
Mole of Na+ in solution = 0.6 mol
Mole of NO3– in solution = 0.6 + 0.4 = 1.0 mol
gy- 2Na3PO4(aq) + 3Ba(NO3)2(aq)  Ba3(PO4)2(s) + 6 NaNO3(aq)
LR  Na3PO4
0.2
Ba3(PO4)2 ds çkIr eksy = = 0.1
2
3
Ba(NO3)2 ds vfHkd`r eksy = × 0.2 = 0.3
2
Ba(NO3)2 ds vfØ;k'khy eksy = 0.5 – 0.3
= 0.2 eksy (Ba2+ vk;uksa ds eksy )
foy;u esa Na+ ds eksy = 0.6 mol
foy;u esa NO3– ds eksy = 0.6 + 0.4 = 1.0 mol
A/R
1. STATEMENT-1 : Two different aqueous solution of Formic acid and Acetic acid respectively have same mole
fraction of solute. Then, molality of Formic acid solution will be greater as compared to that of Acetic acid
solution. [M]
STATEMENT -2 : Molar mass of Formic acid is smaller than molar mass of Acetic acid.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D*) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
dFku-1 : QkWfeZd vEy rFkk ,sflfVd vEy ds tyh; foy;uksa esa ;fn foys; ds eksy fHkUu leku gksa] rks QkWfeZd vEy foy;u
dh eksyyrk vf/kd gksxhA
dFku-2 : QkWfeZd vEy dk v.kqHkkj] ,sflfVd vEy ds v.kqHkkj ls de gksrk gSA
(A) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k gSA
(C) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 vlR; gSA
(D*) dFku&1 vlR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gSA
Sol. The relationship of mole fraction of solute with molality of solution is given by the formula :
X solute  1000
m = (1  X
solute )  Msolvent
This expression does not includes molar mass of solute (Msolute). So for both Acetic acid & Formic acid
solutions, if Xsolute is same, molality will be same
Sol. eksy fHkUu rFkk eksyyrk esa fuEu laca/k ik;k tkrk gS %
X solute  1000
m = (1  X
solute )  Msolvent
bl lw=k ds vuqlkj eksyyrk] foys; ds v.kqHkkj ij fuHkZj ugha djrhA vr% foys; dh eksy fHkUu leku gksus ij foy;uksa dh
eksyyrk Hkh leku gksxhA
Comprehension :

NH3 is formed in the following steps : (MOL)
I : Ca + C  CaC2 50% yield
II : CaC2 + N2  CaCN2 + C 100% yield

III : CaCN2 + H2O  NH3 + CaCO3 50% yield
fuEu inksa ds }kjk NH3 cukbZ tkrh gSA

I : Ca + C  CaC2 50% yfC/k
II : CaC2 + N2  CaCN2 + C 100% yfC/k
III : CaCN2 + H2O  NH3 + CaCO3 50% yfC/k
1. To obtain 2 mol NH3, calcium required is : [M] (MOL)

2 eksy veksfu;k dks cukus ds fy;s fdruk dSfY'k;e vko';d gS \
(A) 1 mol (B) 2 mol (C) 3 mol (D*) 4 mol
2. If above reaction are carried out by taking. 80g of Ca and 36 g of C then NH3(g) produced was completely
dissolved in 500 ml of water then the molar concentration of NH4OH will be : [M] (MOL)
;fn mijksDr vfHkfØ;k 80g dSfY'k;e rFkk 36 g dkcZu dks ysdj djkbZ tkrh gS rFkk cuus okyh NH3(g) dks iw.kZ :i ls 500
ml ty esa ?kksyk tkrk gS rks NH4OH dh eksyj lkUnzrk D;k gksxh \
(A) 6 M (B) 3 M (C*) 1.5 M (D) 1 M
80
Sol. Moles of Ca = =2
40
36
Moles of C = =3
12
 'C' is the limiting reagent
3
 Moles of CaC2 formed in 1st reaction = x 0.5 = 0.75
2
1
 moles of NH3 formed = 0.75 x 2 x = 0.75
2
0.75
 molarity of NH4OH = x 1000 = 1.5 M
500
80
gy. Ca ds eksy = =2
40
36
C ds eksy = =3
12
 'C' ,d lhekad vfHkdeZd gSA
3
 1st vfHkfØ;k esa cus gq, CaC2 ds eksy = x 0.5 = 0.75
2
1
 NH3 ds cus gq, eksy = 0.75 x 2 x = 0.75
2
0.75
 NH4OH dh eksyjrk = x 1000 = 1.5 M
500

Solutions are homogenius mixture of pure substances. They do not have certain proportions of their components.
They are characterised by concentration terms which express particular ratio of the components of solutions.
foy;u 'kq) inkFkksZ ds lekaxh feJ.k gksrs gSA ;s buds vo;oksa ¼?kVdksa½ ds fuf'pr vuqikr ugha j[krs gsA ;s lkUnzrk inksa }kjk
vfHkyk{kf.kd gksrs gS] tks fd foy;uksa esa ?kVdksa ds] fuf'pr vuqikr dks n'kkZrs gSA

3. 100 mL, 10% w/w NaOH (density = 1.5 g/mL), mixed with 100 mL, 10% w/v NaOH. Find % w/v of resultant
solution. [M]
10% w/w NaOH ds 100 mL (?kuRo = 1.5 g/mL) dks 10% w/v NaOH foy;u dss 100 mL esa fefJr fd;k x;k] ifj.kkeh
foy;u dk Hkkj&vk;ru izfr'kr Kkr dhft;sA
(1) 20% (2) 30% (3) 25% (4*) 12.5%
25
Sol. wNaOH = 10 × 1.5 + 10 = 25 g ; % w/v = × 100 = 12.5%
200
4. To neutrilise 50 ml, 0.1 M HCl 25 ml of Ca(OH)2 is required. Find out the molarity of Ca(OH)2 :
HCl + Ca(OH)2  CaCl2 + H2O [E]
50 ml, 0.1 M HCl dks iw.kZr;k mnklhu djus ds fy, Ca(OH)2 ds 25 ml vko';d gSA Ca(OH)2 foy;u dh eksyjrk Kkr
dhft;sA
HCl + Ca(OH)2  CaCl2 + H2O
(1) 0.2 M (2*) 0.1 M (3) 0.05 M (4) 0.4 M
Sol. 2HCl + Ca(OH)2  CaCl2 + 2H2O
5 m mole 2.5 m mole
2.5 = M × 25
2.5
M= = 0.1
25
6 gm of magnesium (Mg) is burnt with insufficient amount of oxygen. The residue is treated with 100 ml of
H2SO4 solution (30% by mass, 1.4 gm/ml density), resulting in an evolution of 3.36 litre of H2 gas at STP.
After the reaction, density of H2SO4 solution is found to be 1.25 gm/ml. Assume no change in volume of
H2SO4 solution. (MOL)
6 gm esXuhf'k;e (Mg), vkWDlhtu dh vi;kZIr ek=kk ds lkFk tyk;h tkrh gSA vif'k"V dh H2SO4 foy;u (30% nzO;eku
ls] 1.4 gm/ml ?kuRo) ds 100 ml ls fØ;k djk;h tkrh gS rc STP ij H2 xSl dk 3.36 yhVj eqDr gksrk gSA vfHkfØ;k ds
i'pkr~ H2SO4 foy;u dk ?kuRo 1.25 gm/ml ik;k x;kA ekfu, fd H2SO4 foy;u ds vk;ru esa dksbZ ifjorZu ugha gqvkA
5. Percentage w/w of final H2SO4 solution is : [M] (MOL)

ifj.kkeh H2SO4 foy;u dk izfr'kr w/w gS :
(1) 15 (2) 18 (3*) 14 (4) 9
6. Mass of oxygen used is : [M] (MOL)

iz;qDr vkWDlhtu dk nzO;eku gS :
(1) 3.2 g (2) 1.2 g (3) 2.4 g (4*) 1.6 g
1
Sol. Mg + O2  MgO
2
0.1 mol 0.1 mol
Mg + H2SO4  MgSO4 + H2 
0.15 mol 0.15 mol
MgO + H2SO4  MgSO4 + H2O
0.1 mol
WH2SO4 i = 100  1.4  0.3 = 42 gm
WH2SO4 f = 42 – 0.25  98 = 17.5 gm
17.5 0 .1
(a) % w/w of final H2SO4 solution =  100 = 14% ; (b) WO2 used =  32 = 1.6 gm
100  1.25 2
17.5 0 .1
(a) ifj.kkeh H2SO4 foy;u dk izfr'kr w/w = 100  1.25
 100 = 14% ; (b) iz;qDr WO2 = 2
 32 = 1.6 gm

A 2 M aqueous CaBr2 solution is prepared by using 250 g of solvent H2O. If the specific gravity of the
above solution is 1.4, answer the following questions : (MOL)
,d 2 M tyh; CaBr2 foy;u dks 250 g H2O foyk;d dk mi;ksx djds rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA ;fn mijksDr foy;u
dk fof'k"V ?kuRo 1.4 gS] rks fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft, %
7. Volume of above prepared solution is : [M] (MOL)

(A) 350 mL (B) 300 mL (C*) 250 mL (D) cannot be calculated
rS;kj fd;s x;s mijksDr foy;u dk vk;ru gS :
(A) 350 mL (B) 300 mL (C*) 250 mL (D) x.kuk ugha dh tk ldrh
Sol. Let volume of above prepared solution be 1000 mL
 Moles of CaBr2 = 2 and Mass of CaBr2 = 2 × 200 = 400 g
Mass of solution = V × d = 1000 × 1.4 = 1400 g
 Mass of H2O solvent = 1400 – 400 = 1000 g
If mass of H2O solvent is 1000 g , then volume of solution = 1000 mL
 If mass of H2O solvent is 250 g, then volume of solution = 250 mL
gy. ekuk fd rS;kj fd;s x;s mijksDr foy;u dk vk;ru 1000 mL gSA
 CaBr2 ds eksy = 2 rFkk CaBr2 dk Hkkj = 2 × 200 = 400 g
foy;u dk Hkkj = V × d = 1000 × 1.4 = 1400 g
 H 2O foyk;d dk Hkkj = 1400 – 400 = 1000 g
;fn H2O foyk;d dk Hkkj 1000 g gS, rks foy;u dk vk;ru = 1000 mL
 ;fn H2O foyk;d dk Hkkj 250 g gS, rks foy;u dk vk;ru = 250 mL
8. Molality of above prepared solution is : [M] (MOL)

mijksDr rS;kj foy;u dh eksyyrk gS %
(A) 3 m (B) 2.5 m (C) 1.5 m (D*) 2 m
Sol. Since volume of solution in mL = weight of solvent H2O in grams
= 250 , so : Molality = Molarity = 2 m
gy pw¡fd foy;u dk vk;ru] mL esa = H2O foyk;d dk Hkkj] xzke esa = 250,
blfy, % eksyyrk = eksyjrk = 2 m

The concentrations of solutions can be expressed in number of ways; viz : mass fraction of solute (or mass
percent), Molar concentration (Molarity) and Molal concentration (molality). These terms are known as
concentration terms and also they are related with each other i.e. knowing one concentration term for the
solution, we can find other concentration terms also. The definition of different concentration terms are given
below :
Molarity : It is number of moles of solute present in one litre of the solution.
Molality : It is the number of moles of solute present in one kg of the solvent
moles of solute
Mole Fraction = moles of solute  moles of solvent
If molality of the solution is given as 'a' then mole fraction of the solute can be calculated by
a a  Msolvent
Mole Fraction = ; =
1000 (a  Msolvent  1000 )
a
Msolvent
where a = molality and Msolvent = Molar mass of solvent
We can change : Mole fraction  Molality  Molarity
foy;u dh lkUnzrk dks dbZ rjg ls O;Dr dj ldrs gSA tSls& foys; dk nzO;eku izHkkT; (nzO;eku izfr'kr), eksyj lkUnzrk
¼eksyjrk½ vkSj eksyy lkUnzrk ¼eksyyrk½ ;s in lkUnzrk in dgykrs gS vkSj ;s lc ,d&nwljs ls lEcfU/kr gSA tSls foy;u
ds fy;s ,d lkUnzrk in Kkr djus ds ckn ge nwljk lkUnzrk in Hkh Kkr dj ldrs gSA uhps fofHkUu lkUnzrk inksa dh ifjHkk"kk
nh xbZ gS&
eksyjrk : ,d yhVj foy;u esa mifLFkr foys; ds eksyksa dh la[;k
eksyyrk : ,d fdyks foyk;d esa mifLFkr foys; ds eksyks dh la[;k
foy s; d seksy
eksy izHkkT; =
foy s; d seksy  foy k;d d seksy
;fn foy;u dh eksyyrk 'a' nh xbZ gSA rc foys; ds eksy izHkkT; dh x.kuk fuEu izdkj ls gksxhA
a a  M foy k;d
eksy izHkkT; = 1000
;
(a  M  1000 )
a foy k;d
Mfoy k;d
;gk¡ a = eksyjrk vkSj Mfoyk;d = foyk;d dk eksyj nzO;eku

ge cny ldrs gS % eksy izHkkT;  eksyyrk  eksyjrk
9. 60 gm of solution containing 40% by mass of NaCl are mixed with 100 gm of a solution containing 15% by
mass NaCl. Determine the mass percent of sodium chloride in the final solution. [E]
60 g foy;u tks nzO;eku dk 40% NaCl j[krk gS] dks 100 g foy;u tks nzO;eku dk 15% NaCl j[krk gS] ds lkFk feykrs
gS] rks ifj.kkeh foy;u esa lksfM;e DyksjkbM dk nzO;eku izfr'kr Kkr djksA
(A*) 24.4% (B) 78% (C) 48.8% (D) 19.68%
Total mass of solute 60  0.4  100  0.15
Sol. % (w/w) of = Total mass of solution =  100 = 24.4%.
60  100
foy s; d kd qy nzO;eku 60  0.4  100  0.15

gy- % (w/w) = =  100 = 24.4%.
foy ;u d kd qy nzO;eku 60  100
10. What is the molality of the above solution. [M]

mijksDr foy;u dh eksyyrk Kkr djksA
(A) 4.4 m (B*) 5.5 m (C) 24.4 m (D) none dksbZ ugha
Sol. Mass of solute = 60 × 0.4 + 100 × 0.15 = 24 + 15 = 39 gm
Mass of solvent = 160 – 39 = 121 gm
 39 
 
 58 .5 
Molality = = 5.509 = 5.5 m.
121  10 3
gy % foys; dk nzO;eku = 60 × 0.4 + 100 × 0.15 = 24 + 15 = 39 gm
foyk;d dk nzO;eku = 160 – 39 = 121 gm
 39 
 
 58 .5 
eksyyrk = = 5.509 = 5.5 m.
121  10 3

There are two aqueous solutions taken separately in container 'A' and container 'B'. Molality of both the
solutions is same. Solution in container 'A' has mole fraction of solute equal to 0.1 and 74 g solution in
container 'B' contains 20 g of solute. The mass composition of solute present in container 'B' is 40 %
of C, 6.66 % of H and 53.3 % of O.
(A) (B)
Xsolute = 0.1 Weight of solute = 20 g
Weight of solution = 74 g
ik=k 'A' rFkk ik=k 'B' esa i`Fkd :i ls nks tyh; foy;u ysrs gSaA nksuksa foy;uksa dh eksyyrk leku gSA ik=k 'A' ds foy;u
esa foys; dh eksy fHkUu 0.1 ds cjkcj gS rFkk ik=k 'B' ds 74 g foy;u esa foys; ds 20 g mifLFkr gSaA ik=k 'B' esa mifLFkr
foys; dk nzO;eku la?kVu 40 % C, 6.66 % H o 53.3 % O gSA
(A) (B)
Xfoys; = 0.1 foys; dk Hkkj = 20 g
foy;u dk Hkkj = 74 g
11. What is the molecular formula of solute in container 'B' : [E]

(A) C2H2O (B) CH2O (C*) C2H4O2 (D) C3H6O2
ik=k 'B' esa foys; dk v.kqlw=k gS :
(A) C2H2O (B) CH2O (C*) C2H4O2 (D) C3H6O2
Sol. Molality of solution 'A' = Molality of solution 'B'
foy;u 'A' dh eksyyrk = foy;u 'B' dh eksyyrk
0.1 1000 20  1000
=
0.9  18 M  54
M = 60
% by mass Mole Ratio
% nzO;eku ds vuqlkj eksy vuqikr
40
C 40% = 3.33 1
12
6.66
H 6.66% = 6.66 2
1
53.3
O 53.3% = 3.33 1
16
Empirical formula (ewykuqikrh lw=k) = CH2O
Empirical formula mass (ewykuqikrh lw=k nzO;eku) = 30
GMM 60
n= ( )= =2
empirical formula mass 30
Molecular formula (v.kqlw=k) = C2H4O2
12. What is the mole fraction of solute present in container 'B' : [M]
(A*) 0.1 (B) 0.25 (C) 0.5 (D) 0.2
ik=k 'B' es mifLFkr foys; dh eksy fHkUu gS :

(A*) 0.1 (B) 0.25 (C) 0.5 (D) 0.2
20
Sol. Xsolute = 60
20 54

60 18
1 1
= 3 ; = 3 ; = 1  3 = 1 = 0.1
1 1 9 3 10 10
3
3 3
Concentration of a solution can be represented in many ways. Some of the important concentration terms
are as follows :
number of moles
Molarity of solution =
volume of solution in litre

Let a solution is prepared by dissolving w gm of solute of mol.wt. M in V ml water.
w
 Number of moles of solute dissolved =
M
number of moles of solute
molality =  1000
mass of solvent in gram
mass of solute in gm
% w/v =  100 (MOL(P))
mass of solution in ml
foy;u dh lkUnzrk dks vusd izdkj ls iznf'kZr fd;k tk ldrk gSA dqN egRoiw.kZ lkUnzrk in fuEu fn;s x;s gSA
foy s; d h eksy ksd h la[;k
foy;u dh eksyjrk = foy ;u d k vk;ru ¼y hVj esa½
;fn V ml ty esa v.kqHkkj M okys foys; ds w xzke dks ?kksydj ,d foy;u cuk;k tkrk gS rks
w
 foys; ds ?kqyus okys eksyks dh la[;k =
M
foy s; d seksy ksad h la[; k

eksyyrk =  1000
xzke esafoy k; d d k nzO; eku
foy s; d k nzO;eku ¼xzke esa½
% w/v = foy ;u d k vk;ru ¼fey h esa½  100 (Made by AKK SIR ON Jan.2014)
13. Equal volume of 1M NaOH, 10% w/v NaOH and 1m NaOH (d = 1.2 g/ml) are mixed then what will be M of final
solution. (All aqueous) (Made by AKK SIR ON Jan.2014) [M]
121 310 39
(A*) (B) (C) (D) None of these
78 617 17
1M NaOH, 10% Hkkj/vk;ru NaOH rFkk 1m NaOH (d = 1.2 g/ml) ds leku vk;ru dks feyk;k tkrk gS rks vfUre
foy;u dh M D;k gksxh (lHkh tyh;) (Made by AKK SIR ON Jan.2014)
121 310 39
(A*) (B) (C) (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
78 617 17
10 V 1200 V
1V  
40  0.1 1040
Sol. M=
3V
121
= .
78
14. A solution containing 0.1 mole of a metal chloride MClx requires 500 mL of 0.8 M AgNO3 solution for complete
precipitation. The value of x is :
,d /kkrq DyksjkbM MClx ds 0.1 eksy ;qDr ,d foy;u ds iw.kZ :i ls vo{ksi.k ds fy, 0.8 M AgNO3 foy;u ds 500 mL
vko';d gaSA x dk eku fuEu gS % Q. Changed by AKK Sir Final by VIJ Sir (H + E both) (MOL) [E]
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C*) 4 (D) 3
Sol. MClx + AgNO3  AgCl + MNO3

POAC on Ag
500
× 0.8 = 1 × mole of AgCl
1000
 mole of AgCl = 0.4 ...........(A)
POAC on Cl
0.1 × x = 1 × mole of AgCl = 0.4..............(A)
 mole of AgCl = 0.1 x ....................(B)
put eq (B) in eq (A)
0.1 x = 0.4

x=4
gy % MClx + AgNO3  AgCl + MNO3
Ag ij POAC
500
× 0.8 = 1 × AgCl ds eksy
1000
 AgCl ds eksy = 0.4 ...........(A)
Cl ij POAC
0.1 × x = 1 × AgCl ds eksy = 0.4..............(A)
 AgCl ds eksy = 0.1 x ....................(B)
leh- (A) esa (B) dks j[kus ij
0.1 x = 0.4
x=4
15. 120 gm of 1 M aqueous NaOH solution (d = 1.2 g/ml) is mixed with x ml of 9.8% w/v H2SO4 solution. pH of
resulting solution is 13 then value of x will be : [M]
1 M tyh; NaOH foy;u (d = 1.2 g/ml) ds 120 gm dks 9.8% Hkkj@vk;ru H2SO4 foy;u ds x ml ds lkFk feyk;k
tkrk gS] ifj.kkeh foy;u dh pH,13 gS rks x dk eku Kkr dhft,A (Made by AKK SIR ON Jan.2014)
(A) 50.92 (B) 75.27 (C) 15.75 (D*) 42.85
Sol. 2NaOH + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + 2H2O
1M 1M
100ml x ml
100 – 2x 0
100 – 2x 90
= 0.1 x= = 42.85 ml
100  x 2.1

Many times two different solutions are mixed together to get desired concentration in different volume ratio.
100 ml of 5 M NaOH solution were added to 200 ml of another NaOH solution which has a density of
1.5 g/ml and contains 20 mass percent of NaOH. Aluminium reacts with this (final) solution according to the
following reaction.
Al + NaOH + H2O  NaAlO2 + H2
dbZ ckj nks fHkUu foy;uksa dks ,d lkFk feykdj fofHkUu vk;ru ds vuqikr esa mi;qDr lkUnzrk izkIr dj ldrs gSA
5 M NaOH foy;u ds 100 ml dks vU; NaOH ds 200 ml ds lkFk feyk;k tkrk gS] ftldk ?kuRo 1.5 g/ml gSa rFkk NaOH
ds nzO;eku dk 20% ;qDr gSaA ,Y;qfefu;e bl (ifj.kkeh) foy;u ds lkFk fØ;k bl vfHkfØ;k ds vuqlkj djrk gS&
Al + NaOH + H2O  NaAlO2 + H2 [Made SK, 2007]
16. What is the concentration of resulting NaOH solution obtained by mixing above two NaOH solutions :
[M]
mijksDr nks NaOH foy;u dks feykus ls izkIr ifj.kkeh NaOH foy;u dh lkUnzrk D;k gksxhA
5 20
(A) M (B*) M (C) 2M (D) 6M
3 3
Sol. (Difficult)
Mole of NaOH in 1st solution = 0.5 moles
200  1.5  0.2
moles of NaOH addded = = 1.5
40
moles of NaOH in the final solution = 1.5 + 0.5 = 2 moles
2
 concentration of resulting solution = x 1000
300

gy. (Difficult)
izFke foy;u esa NaOH ds eksy = 0.5 moles
200  1.5  0.2
feyk; NaOH ds eksy = = 1.5
40
vfUre foy;u esa NaOH ds eksy = 1.5 + 0.5 = 2 eksy
2
 ifj.kkeh foy;u dh lkUnzrk = x 1000
300
17. What is the maximum volume of H2(g) liberated at STP when excess Al reacts with the complete solution as
in the above reaction : [M]
STP ij H2(g) dk vf/kdre vk;ru D;k gksxk tc mijksDr vfHkfØ;k esa iw.kZ foy;u dh Al ds vkf/kD; ds lkFk fØ;k gks
tk;sA
(A) 22.4 L (B) 44.8 L (C*) 67.2 L (D) 11.2 L
Sol. (Moderate)
Al + NaOH + H2O  NaAlO2 + 3/2 H2
moles of H2 produced from 2 moles of NaOH = 3 moles
volume of H2 produced at STP = 3 × 22.4 = 67.2 litre
gy- (Moderate)
Al + NaOH + H2O  NaAlO2 + 3/2 H2
2 eksy NaOH ls mRikfnr H2 ds eksy = 3 moles
STP ij mRikfnr H2 dk vk;ru = 3 × 22.4 = 67.2 litre

Permanent hardness is introduced when water passed over rock, containing the sulphate or chlorides of both
calcium & magnesium. This type of hardness cannot be removed by boiling. Many substance are used for
the removal of this type of hardness. The substance used to remove the hardness of water are known as
water softners. One of the water softner is washing soda Na2CO3 it removes both the temporary and permanent
hardness by converting soluble calcium and Mg compound into insoluble carbonate.
CaCl2 + Na2CO3  CaCO3 + 2NaCl
(insoluble)
MgCl2 + Na2CO3  MgCO3 + 2NaCl
tc ty dks lYQkbV ;k DyksjkbM ;k nksuksa lYQkbV o DyksjkbM ls cuh pV~Vkuksa ij ls izokfgr djrs gS rks ty esa LFkk;h
dBksjrk mRiUu gks tkrh gSA bl rjg dh dBksjrk xeZ djus ij ugh ugh tkrhA bl rjg dh dBksjrk dks gVkus ds fy;s
dbZ inkFkksZ dk mi;ksx gksrk gSA os inkFkZ ftudk mi;ksx ty dh dBksjrk nwj djus esa djrs gS ty e`nqdkjd dgykrs gSA
/kksus dk lksMk Na2CO3 Hkh ,d ty e`nqdkjd gSA ;g foys;'khy dSfY'k;e rFkk eSXuhf'k;e ds ;kSfxdks dks vfoys;'khy dkcksuZ Vs
esa ifjofrZr dj vLFkkbZ o LFkkbZ nksuksa rjg dh dBksjrkvksa dks nwj djrk gSA
CaCl2 + Na2CO3  CaCO3 + 2NaCl
(vfoys;)
MgCl2 + Na2CO3  MgCO3 + 2NaCl
18. One litre of a sample of hard water contains 11.1 g CaCl2 & 9.5 g MgCl2 find the concentration of Cl– ion in the
solution. [M]
dBksj ty ds uewus dk ,d yhVj 11.1 g CaCl2 rFkk 9.5 g MgCl2 j[krk gSA foy;u esa Cl– vk;u dh lkUnzrk dh x.kuk
djksA
(A) 0.10 M (B) 0.05 M (C) 0.2 M (D*) 0.4 M
Sol. 11.1 g CaCl2 given 7.1 g Cl
9.5 g MgCl2 given 7.1 g Cl
Total Cl = 14.2 g
14.2
= = 0.4 mol
71

0 .4
[Cl–] = = 0.4 M
1
19. What mass of Na2CO3 is required to remove hardness in above problem. [M]
mijksDr leL;k esa dBksjrk gVkus ds fy;s Na2CO3 dk fdruk nzO;eku vko';d gS &
(A*) 21.2 g (B) 42.4 g (C) 10.6 g (D) 5.3 g
Sol. CaCl2  0.1 mole
Na2 CO3 required  0.1 mole
MgCl2  0.1 mole
Na2CO3 required  0.1 mole
Total Na2CO3 required = 0.2 mol = 0.2  106 = 21.2 g

Himanshu, a student of class XI is working in the chemistry lab of his school. He is provided with 5 containers
of large capacity by the lab assistant.
He has been asked by her teacher to prepare NaOH solution using the contents of container 1, 2, 3 and 4.
200 g of 20% w/w NaOH solution. 400 g of 40% w/w NaOH solution.
Container-1 Container-2
1080 g of 2 m NaOH solution. 50 g of 80% pure NaOH. Empty

Container-3 Container-4 Container-5
d{kk XI dk fo|kFkhZ fgeka'kq vius Ldwy dh jlk;u foKku iz;ksx'kkyk esa dk;Z dj jgk gSA iz;ksx'kkyk lgk;d }kjk mls mPp
{kerk okys 5 ik=k miyC/k djk;s x;s gSA
mlds v/;kid us mlls ik=k 1, 2, 3 rFkk 4 ds ?kVdksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, NaOH foy;u cukus ds fy, dgkA
20% Hkkj@Hkkj dk 200 xzke NaOH foy;u 40% Hkkj@Hkkj dk 400 xzke NaOH foy;u
ik=k-1 ik=k-2
2 m NaOH foy;u dk 1080 xzke 80% 'kq) NaOH ds 50 xzke fjDr

ik=k-3 ik=k-4 ik=k-5
20. When Himanshu mixed content of container-1, container-2, container-3 and container-4 in empty container-
5 then what will be the number of moles solute in container-5 : [T]
tc fgeka'kq ik=k-1, ik=k-2, ik=k-3 rFkk ik=k-4 ds ?kVdksa dks [kkyh ik=k-5 esa feykrk gS] rks ik=k-5 esa foys; ds eksyksa dh la[;k
D;k gksxh %
(A) 8.25 (B*) 8 (C) 4.5 (D) 9.25
20
Sol. Wt. of NaOH in container-1 = 200 × = 40 gm
100
40
Wt. of NaOH in container-2 = 400 × = 160 gm
100
Wt. of NaOH in container-3 = 1080 – 1000 = 80 gm
80
100

40 160 40
Moles of solute = + +2+ =8
40 40 40
20
Sol. ik=k-1 esa NaOH dk Hkkj = 200 × = 40 gm
100
40
ik=k-2 esa NaOH dk Hkkj = 400 × = 160 gm
100
ik=k-3 esa NaOH dk Hkkj = 1080 – 1000 = 80 gm
80
100
40 160 40
foys; ds eksy = + +2+ =8
40 40 40
21. In second case he poured the content of container-1, container-2 and container-3 in empty container-5 then
the molality of resulting solution will be : [T]
f}rh; ifjfLFkfr esa og] ik=k-1, ik=k-2 rFkk ik=k-3 ds ?kVdksa dks [kkyh ik=k-5 esa feykrk gS] rks ifj.kkeh foy;u dh eksyyrk
D;k gksxh %
(A) 4.16 m (B) 1.31 m (C*) 5 m (D) 3 m
20
Sol. Wt. of NaOH in container-1 = 200 × = 40 gm
100
40
100
Wt. of NaOH in container-3 = 1080 – 1000 = 80 gm
40 160
Mole of solute = + +2×7
40 40
7  1000
m= =5
1000  160  240
20
Sol. ik=k-1 esa NaOH dk Hkkj = 200 × = 40 gm
100
40
100
ik=k-3 esa NaOH dk Hkkj = 1080 – 1000 = 80 gm
40 160
foys; ds eksy = + +2×7
40 40
7  1000
m= =5
1000  160  240
MTC
1. 2 gm of NaOH(s) is dissolved in 100 ml of water (density = 1 gm/ml) to form solution of density = 1.02 gm/
ml. Match the concentration terms in List-I to their values in List-II [M]
List-I List-II
P. Molarity 1. 2
Q. % w/w 2. 0.5
R. % w/v 3. 20
S. strength in gm/lit 4. 1.96
ty ds 100 ml ¼ ?kuRo = 1 gm/ml½ esas NaOH(s) ds 2 gm foy; djds ,d foy;u cuk;k x;k ftldk ?kuRo
= 1.02 gm/ml gSA lwph-I ds lkUnzrk inksa dks lwph-II esa fn;s x;s buds ekuksa ds lkFk lqesfyr dhft;sA
lwph-I lwph-II
P. eksyjrk 1. 2
Q. % w/w 2. 0.5

R. % w/v 3. 20
S. gm/lit esa lkeF;Zrk 4. 1.96
Codes :
dksM %
P Q R S
(A) 2 3 1 4
(B) 3 1 2 4
(C*) 2 4 1 3
(D) 2 1 4 3
n
2
Sol. NaOH = = 0.05 mol
40
Mass of solution = 2 + 100 = 102 gm
102
volume of solution, V = = 100 ml
1.02
0.05
Molarity = = 0.5
0. 1
2
Strength in gm/lit = × 1000 = 20 gm/lit
100
2
% w/w = × 100 = 1.96
102
2
% w/v = × 100 = 2
100
n
2
Sol. NaOH = = 0.05 mol
40
foy;u dk nzO;eku = 2 + 100 = 102 gm
102
foy;u dk vk;ru, V = = 100 ml
1.02
0.05
eksyjrk = = 0.5
0. 1
2
gm/lit esa lkeF;Zrk = × 1000 = 20 gm/lit
100
2
% w/w = × 100 = 1.96
102
2
% w/v = × 100 = 2
100
T/F
1. S1 : In a chemical reaction, molecules are always conserved.
S2 : Molality expersses the ratio of moles of solute and mass of solution (kg).
S3 : Percentage of Mg in MgCO3 is 24%.
S4 : Helium is a monoatomic gas. [M]
S1 : jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k esa v.kq lnSo lajf{kr gksrs gSaA
S2 : eksyyrk dks foys; ds eksy rFkk foy;u ds Hkkj (kg) ds vuqikr ds :i esa O;Dr djrs gSA
S3 : MgCO3 esa Mg dk izfr'kr 24% gSA
S4 : ghfy;e ,d ,dyijek.kqd xSl gSA
(A*) F F F T (B) T F F T (C) T T F T (D) F TT T
2. S1 : Molality and mole fraction concentration units do not change with temperature. [E]
S1 : eksyyrk rFkk eksy fHkUu lkUnzrk dh bdkbZ;ksa dks rkieku ds lkFk ifjofrZr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA

S2 : Both 12 g. of carbon and 27 g. of aluminium will have 6.02 × 1023 atoms.
S2 : dkcZu ds 12 g rFkk ,Y;qfefu;e ds 27 g, nksuks 6.02 × 1023 ijek.kq j[krs gSaA
S3 : Gram atomic mass of an element contains Avogadro’s number of atoms.
S3 : ,d rRo dk xzke ijek.kq nzO;eku]vkoksxknzks la[;k ds cjkcj ijek.kq j[krk gSA
S4 : During a chemical reaction total number of moles remains constaint.
S4 : jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k ds nkSjku dqy eksyksa dh la[;k leku jgrh gSA
(A*) T T T F (B) F F T T (C) F T F T (D) T F F T
3. Molality of solution and mole fraction of solute in solution are both temperature independent quantities.
[E]
foy;u dh eksyyrk rFkk foy;u esa foys; dk eksy&fHkUu nksuks rkieku Lora=k ek=kk gS
Ans. T lR;
Sol. It is a fact, to be remembered.
gy ;g rF; gS] bls ;kn j[kk tkuk pkfg,A
4. (% w/w for solution) = (% w/v for solution) × dsolution. (where d represents density) [M]
¼foy;u ds fy, % w/w) = (foy;u ds fy, % w/v) × dfoy;uA (tgka d ?kuRo dks iznf'kZr djrk gS)
Ans. F
Sol. (% w/w for solution) × dsolution = (% w/v for solution). (where d represents density)
gy foy;u ds fy, (% w/w) × dfoy;u = foy;u ds fy, (% w/v). (tgk¡ d, ?kuRo dk n'kkZrk gS)
5. (% w/v) for solution = dsolution (in g/mL) × 100. (where d represents density) [M]
foy;u ds fy, (% w/v) = dfoy;u (g/mL esa) × 100. (tgka d ?kuRo dks iznf'kZr djrk gS)
Ans. F
Sol. In % w/v, numerator is msolute, while in dsolution, numerator is msolution.
Hence, given relation is incorrect.
gy % w/v esa, x.kd (numerator) mfoys; gksrk gS] tcfd dfoy;u esa x.kd (numerator) mfoy;u gksrk gSA
vr% fn;k x;k lEcU/k xyr gSA
6. 200ml of 0.1N NaOH when added to 200 ml of 0.1N H2SO4 solution, the resulting solution is acidic. [M]
0.1N H2SO4 ds 200 feyh foy;u esa 0.1N NaOH ds 200 feyh foy;u dks feykus ij ifj.kkeh foy;u vEyh; gksxkA
Ans. False vlR;
7._ If two different aqueous solution of HCl and HBr have same mole fraction of solute, then molality of HCl
solution will be greater as compared to that of HBr solution. [Ref_JMR Sir] [E]
;fn HCl rFkk HBr ds nks fHkUu fHkUu tyh; foy;u] foys; ds leku eksy izHkkt j[krs gS] rc HCl foy;u dh eksyyrk
HBr foy;u dh rqyuk esa vf/kd gksxhA
Ans. False vlR;A
Sol. If two different aqueous solution of HCl and HBr have same mole fraction of solute, then molality of HCl
solution will be equal to that of HBr solution, since the relationship does not involves molecular mass of
solute.
;fn HCl rFkk HBr ds nks fHkUu&fHkUu tyh; foy;u] foys; ds leku eksy&izHkkt j[krs gSa rc HCl foy;u dh eksyyrk]
HBr foy;u ds leku gksxh] pwafd ;g foys; ds vkf.od nzO;eku ls lEcfU/kr ugha gksrk gSA
Single Integer :
1. Calculate the molality of one litre solution of 49% H2SO4 (weight/volume). The density of the solution is
1.49 g/ml. [M] (MOL-I)
49% H2SO4 (Hkkj/vk;ru) ds ,d yhVj foy;u dh eksyyrk dh x.kuk dhft,A foy;u dk ?kuRo 1.49 g/ml gSA
Ans. 5

Sol. 49%(w/v) H2SO4 means 49g of H2SO4 is present in 100 ml of solution.
So mass of solution is = v × d
= 100 × 1.49 = 149 gram
Now mass of solvent = 149 – 49 = 100 g
49
/ 98
So molality = 100 = 5m
/ 1000
49%(w/v) H2SO4 dk vFkZ gS fd 49g H2SO4, 100 ml foy;u esa mifLFkr gSA
vr% foy;u dk Hkkj gS =v×d
= 100 × 1.49 = 149 xzke
vc foyk;d dk Hkkj = 149 – 49 = 100 g
49
/ 98
vr% eksyyrk = 100 = 5m
/ 1000
2. Mole fraction of solute in solution is 0.25. What is the moles of solvent in solution having 1 mole of solute? [E]
foys; dk eksy fHkUu 0.25 gSA 1 eksy foys; j[kus okys foy;u esa foyk;d ds eksyksa dh la[;k fdruh gksxh \
Ans. 3
0.75
Sol. nsolvent = ×1=3
0.25
3. 29.2% (w/w) HCl stock solution has a density of 1.25 g mL–1. The molecular weight of HCl is 36.5 g mol–1.
Find the Volume(V) (mL) of stock solution required to prepare a 500 mL solution of 0.4 M HCl. Report
your answer as V/5
29.2% (w/w) HCl ds ,d LVkWd foy;u dk ?kuRo 1.25 g mL–1 gSA HCl dk vkf.od Hkkj 36.5 g mol–1 gSA 0.4 M HCl
ds 500 mL foy;u dks cukus ds fy, bl LVkWd foy;u dh fdruh ek=kk(V) (mL) Kkr djasA viuk mÙkj V/5 ds :i
esa O;Dr djsA [M] (MOL)
Ans. 4
Sol. 29.2% (w/w) HCl has density = 1.25 g/ml
Now, mole of HCl required in 0.4 M HCl
= 0.4 × 0.5 mole = 0.2 mole
if v mol of orginal HCl solution is taken
then volume of solution = 1.25 v
mass of HCl = (1.25 v × 0.292)
1.25v  0.292
mole of HCl = = 0.2
36.5
36.5  0.2
so, V = mol = 20 mL
0.29  1.25
V/5 = 4.
29.2% (w/w) HCl foy;u dk ?kuRo = 1.25 g/ml
0.4 M HCl foy;u ds fy, HCl ds eksy
= 0.4 × 0.5 eksy = 0.2 eksy
;fn v mol HCl foy;u gS] rks foy;u dk vk;ru
= 1.25 v
HCl dk nzO;eku = (1.25 v × 0.292)
1.25v  0.292
HCl ds eksy = = 0.2
36.5
36.5  0.2
blfy,, v = mol = 20 mL
0.29  1.25
V/5 = 4.
4. If the sum of mole fraction of NaOH in its aqueous solution and the mole fraction of H2O in an another

aqueous solution of KOH is equal to one, find the molality of KOH solution if the molality of NaOH solution is
'm'.
Report your answer as 'Y' where Y = (Molality of KOH solution) (Molality of NaOH solution) [M]
;fn NaOH dk blds tyh; foy;u esa eksy izHkkt rFkk] KOH ds ,d vU; tyh; foy;u esa H2O dk eksy izHkkt dk ;ksx
,d ds cjkcj gS rc KOH foy;u dh eksyyrk Kkr dhft,A ;fn] NaOH foy;u dh eksyyrk 'm' gSA
viuk mÙkj Y esa nhft, % tgk Y = (KOH foy;u dh eksyyrk) (NaOH foy;u dh eksyyrk)
Ans. 1
Sol. Let mole fraction of NaOH in its aqueous solution be X.
 Mole fraction of H2O in an aqueous solution of KOH = 1 – X
so, mole fraction of KOH in its aqueous solution = 1 – (1 – X) = X
Thus, both aqueous NaOH solution and aqueous KOH solution have same mole fraction of solute.
Xsolute1000
Now, molality = 1  X
solute   Mol. Masssolvent
Since both solutions have same solvent (H2O) and same mole fraction of solute, so they will have same
molality
 Molality of aq. KOH solution = m
 Y =m/m=1
gy- ekuk fd NaOH dk blds tyh; foy;u esa eksy izHkkt = X gSA
 KOH ds tyh; foy;u esa H2O dk eksy izHkkt = 1 – X
vr%] rc KOH dk blds tyh; foy;u esa eksy izHkkt = 1 – (1 – X) = X
bl izdkj] nksuksa tyh; NaOH foy;u rFkk tyh; KOH foy;u esa foy; ds eksy izHkkt leku gSA
X foy ;1000
vc] eksyyrk = 1  X
foy ;   eks
y j nzO; eku foy k; d
pwafd nksuksa foy;u leku foyk;d (H2O) rFkk foy; ds leku eksy izHkkt j[krs gS] vr% budh eksyyrk Hkh leku gksxhA
 KOH foy;u dh eksyyrk = m
Y = m / m = 1
5. Calculate molality of final solution prepared by mixing 1000g water to 560g of an aquous NaOH
solution having initial molality 3m. [E]
WNaOH 1000
Ans. : 3  40

560  WNaOH
WNaOH = 60, W H 2O = 500 g
60g 1000
Final molality  40   500  1000 g =1 m
6. x g of Fe2(SO4)3 was dissolved in water to prepare 1 L of its aqueous solution. Upon analysis, it was
found that each mL of the above solution contains 6 × 10–5 NA SO42– ions. Find the value of x. [M]
Fe2(SO4)3 ds x g dks ty esa ?kksydj bldk 1 L tyh; foy;u rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA fo'ys"k.k djus ij] ;g ik;k x;k
fd mijksDr foy;u ds izR;sd mL esa 6 × 10–5 NA SO42– vk;u mifLFkr gSaA x ds eku dh x.kuk dhft,A
Ans. 8
n 6 10 5 NA / NA
SO4 2
Sol. [SO42–] = = = 6 × 10–2 M
Vsol (L ) 10 3
6 10 2
 Molarity of Fe2(SO4)3 = = 0.02 M
3
6 10 2
 Fe2(SO4)3 dh eksyjrk = = 0.02 M
3
 nFe2 (SO4 )3 = M × VL = 0.02 × 1 = 0.02
 mFe2 (SO4 )3 = 0.02 × 400 = 8 g = x
7. If an aqueous solution having density 1.8 g/cm3 containing 72% by weight of solute is diluted with a certain
amount of water at 4°C and the resulting solution has density 1.2 g/cm3, If the % by weight of solute in the
diluted solution is 3 Y % then find the value of Y. [M]
(Given : Density of water at 4° C =1 g/ cm3)
;fn Hkkj ls 72% foys; inkFkZ ;qDr] 1.8 g/cm3 ?kuRo okys ,d tyh; foy;u dks] 4°C rki okys ty dh fuf'pr ek=kk
ds lkFk ruq djrs gSa rFkk ifj.kkeh foy;u dk ?kuRo 1.2 g/cm3 gks tkrk gS, ;fn ruq foy;u esa foys; dk Hkkj ls
% = 3 Y % gS] rks Y dk eku Kkr fdft,A
(fn;k x;k gS : 4° C ij ty dk ?kuRo =1 g/ cm3)
Ans. 9
Sol. Let volume of solution taken initially be 100 ml
 mass of solution = 1.8  100 = 180 g
let amount of water added be x
 mwater = x g, Vwater = x ml
 180 + x = (100 + x)  1.2
x = 300
0.72  180
% by weight of solute in final solution =  100 = 27%
480
Y = 9
ekuk izkjEHk esa fy;s x;s foy;u dk vk;ru 100 ml
 foy;u dk nzO;eku = 1.8  100 = 180 g
ekuk feyk;s x;s ty dh ek=kk x gS
 mwater = x g, Vwater = x ml
 180 + x = (100 + x)  1.2
x = 300
0.72  180
ifj.kkeh foy;u esa foys; dk Hkkj % =  100 = 27%
480
Y = 9
8. In a closed container NO2 was taken which dimerises to give N2O4. After some time mole fraction of N2O4 was
found to be 2/3 in the container then calculate % dimerisation of NO2. (Give your answer dividing 10). [M]
,d cUn ik=k esa NO2 fy;k x;k tks f}ydhd`r gksdj N2O4 nsrk gSA dqN le; i'pkr~ N2O4 dk eksy fHkUu 2/3 izkIr gqvk
rks ml le; NO2 dk % f}ydhdj.k fdruk gqvk gksxk \ (vius mÙkj dks 10 dk Hkkx ns dj fy[ksaA)
Ans. 8
Sol. 2 NO2  N2O4
100 – x x/2 mol
x
2 2
mole fraction of N2O4 = x =
(100  x )  3
2
3x
200 – 2x + x =
2
200 = 1.5 x + x
200
x= = 80 = 8 Ans.
2.5
9. 2L of 2M HCl solution is mixed with 2L of 5M Ba(OH)2 solution, calculate the molarity of OH– ions in the
resulting solution. [E]
2M HCl ds 2L foy;u dks 5M, Ba(OH)2 ds 2L foy;u esa feyk;k tkrk gS ifj.kkeh foy;u esa [OH–] dh eksyjrk Kkr
dhft,A
Ans. 4
Sol. 2HCl + Ba(OH)2 BaCl2 + 2H2O
mole 2×2 5×2
mole 4 10
mole 4 – 4 10 – 2 = 8
16
[OH–] = = 4M
4

Double Integer :
1. 100 ml of 0.1 M ammonium phosphite ((NH4)2HPO3) solution is mixed with 200 ml of 0.2 M sodium
Pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7) solution. Assuming complete dissociation of each salt & no reaction between the
ions produced, calculate the total concentration of positive ions. [M] (REF : DTA MAM ON NOV 2013)
[Express your answer by multiplying it by 100 e.g. if answer is 0.15, give answer 15] (Mole)
0.1 M veksfu;e QkWLQkbV ((NH4)2HPO3) foy;u ds 100 ml dks 0.2 M lksfM;e ik;jksQkWLQsV (Na4P2O7) foy;u ds 200
ml ds lkFk fefJr fd;k tkrk gSA ;g ekudj fd izR;sd yo.k dk iw.kZ :i ls fo;kstu gksrk gS o mRikfnr vk;uksa ds chp
dksbZ vfHkfØ;k ugha gksrh gS] /kukRed vk;uks dh dqy lkUnzrk ifjdfyr dhft,A
[vius mÙkj dks 100 ls xq.kk djds nhft,] ;fn 0.15 mÙkj gS rc vkidk mÙkj 15 nsaA]
Ans. 60
Sol. Ammonium phosphite (NH4)2HPO3
100 ml
0.1 M
Sodium Pyrophosphate Na4P2O7
200 ml
0.2 M
100  0.1 2 0 .2
[NH4 ] = M =
300 3
200  0.2  4 1 .6
[Na  ] = M =
300 3
0 .2 1 .6
Total concentration = +
3 3
= 0.6
Answer  0.6 100 = 60
Sol. veksfu;e QkWLQkbV (NH4)2HPO3
100 ml
0.1 M
lskfM;e ik;jksQkWLQsV Na4P2O7
200 ml
0.2 M
100  0.1 2 0 .2
[NH4 ] = M =
300 3
200  0.2  4 1 .6
[Na  ] = M =
300 3
0 .2 1 .6
dqy lkUnzrk = +
3 3
= 0.6
mÙkj  0.6 100 = 60
Subjective :
1. (a) If X = molar mass of solute, M = Molarity and d = density of solution (in g/mL),
then derive the relation between X, M and d, so that for the solution, molality = molarity.
(b) Mole fraction of C2H5OH is 0.2 and mole fraction of NaCl is 0.1 in an aqueous solution of ethanol and
NaCl. Find the number of moles of NaCl present in above solution, containing 1 kg of water solvent.
[4 + 6 = 10 Marks] [T]
MX 500
Ans. (a) d=1+ (b)  7.9 moles or mole
1000 63
Sol. (a) Let the volume of solution be 1000 ml.
 No. of moles of solute = M
 Mass of solute = M × X
Mass of solution = 1000 × d
 Mass of solvent = (1000 d – MX)

M
 Molality = (1000d  MX )
1000
 molality = M
(1000d  MX )
 =1
1000
 1000 d – MX = 1000 or (d – 1) 1000 = MX
MX
Therefore, d = 1 +
1000
(b) Let total moles = 1
 nethanol = 0.2
 nNaCl = 0.1
 nH2O = 1 – 0.2 – 0.1 = 0.7
 Moles of NaCl present in above solution, containing 1 kg of water solvent
0.1
= 0.7  18 = 7.936  7.9
1000
2. (a) Define molality of a solution. [M]

(b) Is molality a temperature dependent or a temperature independent quantity?
(c) If 5 g of NaOH is present in 80 g of its aqueous solution, the find the molality of the solution.
(d) The density of a 1.25 M CaBr2 solution is 1.5 g/mL. Calculate the molality of this solution.
[1 + 1 + 1.5 + 2.5 = 6]
(a) ,d foy;u dh eksyyrk ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A
(b) eksyyrk] rkieku&fuHkZj vFkok rkieku&Lora=k esa ls dkSulh jkf'k gS \
(c) ;fn 5 g NaOH, vius 80 g tyh; foy;u esa mifLFkr gks] rks foy;u dh eksyyrk Kkr dhft,A
(d) 1.25 M CaBr2 foy;u dk ?kuRo 1.5 g/mL gSA bl foy;u dh eksyyrk Kkr dhft,A [1 + 1 + 1.5 + 2.5 = 6]
Ans. (c) 5/3 or 1.66 m (d) 1 m
Sol. (a) The number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 Kg of solvent is called molality of a solution.
1 kg foyk;d esa ?kksys x;s foys; ds eksyks dh la[;k ,d foy;u dh eksyyrk dgykrh gSA
(b) Molality is a temperature independent quantity.
eksyyrk ,d rkieku Lora=k jkf'k gSA
5 1000 5
(c) m = × = = 1.66 m.
40 80 – 5 3
1000  M 1000  1.25
(d) m = 1000  d – M  M = = 1 m.
solute 1000  1.5 – 1.25  200
3. A solution of specific gravity 1.6 contains 67.5 % solute by weight. What will be the % by weight of solute in
the resulting solution if the original solution is diluted to specific gravity 1.2. [4 Marks] [T]
,d foy;u] 1.6 fof'k"V ?kuRo o 67.5 % foys; ¼Hkkj dk½ ;qDr gSA ifj.kkeh foy;u esa foys; ds fy, Hkkj dk % D;k gksxk]
;fn okLrfod foy;u 1.2 fof'k"V ?kuRo rd ruq gks tkrk gSA [4 Marks]
Ans 30%
Sol Let
Vsolution = 100 ml
So, weightsolution = 160 g
weight of solute = 108 g
Now suppose x g H2O or x ml H2O is added in it.
weight of new solution = (160 + x) g
Volume of new solution = ( 100 +x) ml
 weight of new solution = (100 + x) 1.2 = 160 + x
 x = 200 g or 200 ml
108 108
So, % by weight = × 100 = × 100 = 30%
160  200 360
ekuk fd
Vfoy;u = 100 ml
blfy,] Hkkjfoy;u = 160 g
foys; dk Hkkj = 108 g
vc ekuk fd x g H2O vFkok x ml H2O dks blesa feyk;k tkrk gSA
u;s foy;u dk Hkkj = (160 + x) g
u;s foy;u dk vk;ru = ( 100 +x) ml
 u;s foy;u dk Hkkj = (100 + x) 1.2 = 160 + x
 x = 200 g rFkk 200 ml
108 108
blfy,] % (Hkkj dk) = 160  200 × 100 = × 100 = 30%
360
4. Find the following concenteration terms of a solution of Na2CO3, Which is prepared by dissolving 21.2 g
Na2CO3 in 500 g H2O. Its density is equal to 1.303 g/ml. [E]
(a) Molality
(b) Molarity
(c) w/w %
Na2CO3 ds ,d foy;u ds fy,] fuEUk lkUnzrk in Kkr dhft;s \ bl foy;u dks] 500 g H2O esa] Na2CO3 ds 21.2 g
dks foys; djds cuk;k x;kA foy;u dk ?kuRo 1.303 g/ml gSA
(a) eksyyrk
(b) eksyjrk
(c) Hkkj@Hkkj % (w/w %) [2 + 2 + 2 = 6 Marks]
Ans. (a) m = 0.4 m, (b) M = 0.5 M, (c) w/w % = 4.06 %
 w 1 1000   21.2 1000 
Sol. (a) Molality (m) =  M  w  mole/kg ; m =    = 0.4 m
 1 2   106 500 
Wg 21.2  500 521.2

(b) Density (d) = 1.303 g/ml = Vml ; Vml = = 400 ml
Vml 1.303
 21.2 1000 
Than M =    = 0.5 M.
 106 400 
 wt. of solute   21.2 

(c) w/w % =  wt. of solution 100  =  100  = 4.06 %
   521 . 2 
 w 1 1000   21.2 1000 

gy % (a) eksyyrk (m) =  M  w  mole/kg ; m =    = 0.4 m
 1 2   106 500 
Wg 21.2  500 521.2

(b) ?kuRo (d) = 1.303 g/ml = Vml ; Vml = = 400 ml
Vml 1.303
 21.2 1000

rc M =  106  400  = 0.5 M.
 
 foy ; d k Hkkj   21.2 

(c) w/w % =  foy ;u d k Hkkj 100  =  100  = 4.06 %
   521 . 2 
5. (a) 73.5 g CaCl2.2H2O is dissolved in 1982 mL water. What is molality of Ca2+ and Cl– ions in the solution ?
(Take density of water as 1 g/mL) [M]
(b) Prostaglandins are a series of closely related hormones which are derived from ‘prostanoic acid’. If the
molecular formula of a Prostaglandin can be represented as CnH2n– 2 O2, where n is an integer, what is the
value of n ? Given : Mass % of Hydrogen in the given Prostaglandin is 12.25 %.
[2 + 2 = 4 Marks]
(a) 73.5 g CaCl2.2H2O dks 1982 mL ty esa ?kksyrs gSaA foy;u esa Ca2+ rFkk Cl– vk;uksa dh eksyyrk D;k gS \
¼ty ds ?kuRo dks 1 g/mL yhft;s½

(b) izksLVkXySafMu (prostaglandin) fudVre lEcafèkr gkWeksZuksa dh ,d Js.kh gS] tks fd izksLVsuksbd vEy (‘prostanoic
acid’)ls O;qRiUu gksrs gSaA ;fn ,d izksLVkXySafMu dkss v.kqlw=k CnH2n– 2 O2, ls iznf'kZr fd;k tkrk gS] tgka n ,d iw.kkZd
gS] rc n dk eku D;k gS \ fn;k x;k gS % fn;s x;s izksLVkXySafMu esa gkbMªkstu ds nzO;eku dk izfr'kr 12.25% gSA
[2 + 2 = 4
Marks]
Ans. (a) (Ca2+) = 0.25 m, (Cl–) = 0.5 m (b) n = 20
73.5
Sol. (a) moles of CaCl2.2H2O = = 0.5
147
So moles of Ca2+ = 0.5
Moles of Cl– = 0.1
Volume of solvent will be = 1982 + 2 × 18 × 0.5
= 2000 ml = 2 Litre = 2 Kg ( d = 1 g/mL)
0 .5
So, Molality of Ca2+ = = 0.25 m
2
1
Molality of Cl– = = 0.5 m
2
Mass of H
(b) %H = M ol. mass of compound ×100
(2n – 2)1
12.25 = ×100
12n  2n – 2  32
n 20
73.5
gy (a) CaCl2.2H2O ds eksy = = 0.5
147
vr%,Ca2+ ds eksy = 0.5
Cl– ds eksy = 0.1
foyk;d dk vk;ru gksxk = 1982 + 2 × 18 × 0.5
= 2000 ml = 2 yhVj = 2 Kg ( d = 1 g/mL)
0 .5
vr% Ca2+ dh eksyyrk = = 0.25 m
2
1
Ca2+ dh eksyyrk = = 0.5 m
2
H d kæO; eku
(b) %H = ; kSfxd d k v .kqHkkj ×100
(2n – 2)1
12.25 = ×100
12n  2n – 2  32
n 20
6. A piece of Al weighing 2.7 g is heated with 500 mL of H2SO4 solution (specific gravity = 1.18, containing 5%
w/w H2SO4). After the reaction, solution is diluted to 1000 mL. Calculate the molarity of H+ ions in the
resultant solution. Involved reaction is : [E]
2Al (s) + 3H2SO4 (aq.) Al2(SO4)3 (aq.) + 3H2 (g)  [4 Marks]
Ans. [H+] = 0.3 M
Sol. 2Al (s) + 3H2SO4 (aq.) Al2(SO4)3 (aq.) + 3H2 (g) 
5
Molarity of H2SO4 =  1.18  10 = 0.6
98
So, Total moles of H2SO4 = 0.500 × 0.6 = 0.3
3
Consumed moles of H2SO4 =  0.1 = 0.15
2
Remaining moles of H2SO4
= 0.3 – 0.15 = 0.15
Now the molarity of H+ ions in resultant solution

0.15
=  2 = 0.3 M
1
2.7 g Hkkjokys Al ds ,d VqdM+s dks 500 mL H2SO4 vEy (fof'k"V ?kuRo = 1.18, 5% w/w H2SO4 j[kus okys) ds lkFk
xeZ djrs gaSA vfHkfØ;k ds i'pkr~] foy;u dks 1000 mL rd ruq djrs gSaA ifj.kkeh foy;u esa H+ vk;u dh eksyjrk dh
x.kuk dhft,A lEcfU/kr vfHkfØ;k gS %
2Al (s) + 3H2SO4 (aq.) Al2(SO4)3 (aq.) + 3H2 (g)  [4 Marks]
Sol. 2Al (s) + 3H2SO4 (aq.) Al2(SO4)3 (aq.) + 3H2 (g) 
5
H2SO4 dh eksyjrk =  1.18  10 = 0.6
98
blfy,,H2SO4 ds dqy eksy = 0.500 × 0.6 = 0.3
3
H2SO4 ds mi;ksx esa fy;s x;s eksy =  0.1 = 0.15
2
H2SO4 ds 'ks"k eksy = 0.3 –0.15 = 0.5 vr%, ifj.kkeh foy;u esa H+ vk;u dh eksyjrk
0.15
=  2 = 0.3 M
1
7. Calculate mass of NH3(g) which must be dissolved in 100 ml of aqueous ammonia solution of density 1 gm/
ml containing 10% by mass of NH4OH. So that resultant solution has 50% by mass of NH4OH. [M]
Ans. 25.66 gm
Sol. Mass of initial solution = 100 gm
Mass of NH4OH in initial solution = 10 gm
Let x gm NH3(g) is dissolved in solution mass of resultant solution = (100 + x) gm
 35 
mass of NH4OH in resultant solution = 10  x  gm
 17 
35
10  x
50 = 17 × 100
100  x
x = 25.66 gm

Section (I) : Dilution & Mixing of two liquids MOLE CONCEPT (MOL)
SCQ
1. 5.85 g of NaCl is dissolved in 1 L of pure water. The number of ions in 1 mL of this solution is [E]
1 L 'kq) ty esa 5.85 g NaCl ?kksyk tkrk gSA bl foy;u ds 1 mL esa mifLFkr vk;uksa dh la[;k gS %
(A) 6.02 × 1019 (B) 1.2 × 1022 (C*) 1.2 × 1020 (D) 6.02 × 1020
5.85 0.1
Sol. Mole of NaCl = = 0.1 ; Molarity = = 0.1 M
58.5 1
Moles in 1 ml of solution = MV = 0.1 × 10–3 = 10–4 mole.
Number of ions in 1 ml = 2 × 10–4 × 6.023 × 1023 = 1.204 × 1020.
5.85 0.1
gy % NaCl ds eksy = = 0.1 ; eksyjrk = = 0.1 M
58.5 1
1 ml foy;u esa eksyksa dh la[;k = MV = 0.1 × 10–3 = 10–4 eksyA
1 ml foy;u esa vk;uksa dh la[;k = 2 × 10–4 × 6.023 × 1023 = 1.204 × 1020.
2. How many ml water should be added to 100ml HCl solution (d = 1.5 g/ml) 80% by wt. to make it a solution
of 40% by wt. of density = 1 g/ml. (MOL1) [M]
(1) 100 ml (2) 300 ml (3*) 200 ml (4) none of these
80% Hkkj ls 100ml HCl foy;u (d = 1.5 g/ml) esa fdrus mL ty feyk;k tk;s fd ;s foy;u Hkkj ls 40% o bldk ?kuRo
= 1 g/ml gks tk;sA
(1) 100 ml (2) 300 ml (3*) 200 ml (4) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. mass of the solute remains same before and after dilution
100 × 1.5 × 0.8 = (100 + V) × 1 × 0.4
V= 200 ml
gy. foys; dk nzO;eku ruqdj.k ds igys o ckn esa leku jgrk gSA
100 × 1.5 × 0.8 = (100 + V) × 1 × 0.4
V = 200 ml
3. How much volume of 63% w/w aq. HNO3 solution (d = 1.5 g/ml) is diluted with sufficient water to prepare
1 L of 3 M HNO3 solution [Mole-1] [M]
63% w/w tyh; HNO3 foy;u (d = 1.5 g/ml) dk fdruk vk;ru i;kZI r ty ls ruq fd;k tk;s fd 3 M HNO3 dk
1 L foy;u izk Ir gks tk;sA
(A*) 200 ml (B) 300 ml (C) 120 ml (D) 150 ml
Ans. 200 ml
63 gm HNO3 is present in 100 gm solution
100
63 gm HNO3 is present in ml solution
1 .5
10
M = 63  1.5  so M1V1 = M2V2
63
15  V1 = 3  1
V1 = 0.2 Litre
100 xzk e foy;u esa 63 gm HNO3 mifLFkr gSA
100
ml foy;u esa 63 gm HNO3 mifLFkr gSA
1 .5
10
M = 63  1.5  vr% M1V1 = M2V2
63
15  V1 = 3  1
V1 = 0.2 Litre
4. What volume of 0.2 M Ba(OH)2 must be added to 300 mL of a 0.08 M HCl solution to get a solution in which
the molarity of hydroxyl (OH–) ions is 0.08 M : [T]
0.2 M Ba(OH)2 foy;u dk fdruk vk;ru] 300 mL, 0.08 M HCl foy;u esa feyk;k tk;s] ftlls ifj.kkeh foy;u
esa (OH–) vk;u dh lkUnzrk 0.08 M gks tk;s :
(A) 375 mL (B) 300 mL (C) 225 mL (D*) 150 mL

Page # 1
Chemistry\1. Mole Concept\Dilution & Mixing.....
Sol. Let volume of Ba(OH)2 solution taken be V litres.
 nBa(OH)2 = 0.2  V

nHCl = 0.3 × 0.08
= 0.024
(By stoichiometry)
1
 nBa(OH)2 left = 0.2 V – (0.024) = (0.2V – 0.012) moles
2
Total volume of solution = (0.3 + V) litres
(0.2 V  0.012 )  2
 molarity of OH– ion = = 0.08
0.3  V
On solving , V = 0.15 litre = 150 mL
gy% ekuk fd Ba(OH)2 foy;u dk vk;ru V yhVj gSA

 nBa(OH)2 = 0.2  V

nHCl = 0.3 × 0.08
= 0.024
¼vfHkfØ;k dh jllehdj.kferh ls½
1
 nBa(OH)2 ¼'ks"k½ = 0.2 V – (0.024) = (0.2V – 0.012) eksy
2
foy;u dk vk;ru = (0.3 + V) yhVj
(0.2 V  0.012 )  2
 OH– vk;u dh eksyjrk = = 0.08
0.3  V
gy djus ij] V = 0.15 yhVj = 150 mL
5. What is the concentration of nitrate ions if equal volumes of 0.1 M AgNO3 and 0.1 M NaCl are mixed
together : [E]
;fn 0.1 M AgNO3 rFkk 0.1 M NaCl ds leku vk;ru ,d lkFk fefJr fd;s tkrs gSa] rks ukbVªsV vk;uksa dh lkUnzrk D;k
gksxh:
(A) 0.1 M (B) 0.2 M (C*) 0.05 M (D) 0.25 M
(E) None of these buesa ls dksbZ ugha
0.1V  0 0 .1
Sol. [NO3–] = 2V = 2 = 0.05 M
6. 50 mL of 5.6% KOH (w/v) is added to 50 mL of a 5.6% HCl (w/v) solution. The resulting solution will be
[M]
(1) neutral (2) alkaline (3) strongly alkaline (4*) acidic
5.6% KOH (Hkkj/vk;ru) ds 50 mL dks 5.6% HCl (Hkkj/vk;ru) ds 50 mL ds lkFk feyk;k tkrk gS rc ifj.kkeh foy;u
gksxk %
(1) mnklhu (2) {kkjh; (3) izcy {kkjh; (4*) vEyh;
5.6 x 1000
Sol. Milimoles of KOH = 56 x 100 x 50 = 50
5.6 x 1000
Milimoles of HCl = 36.5 x 100 x 50 = 76.71
So resulting solution will be acidic.

5.6 x 1000
Sol. KOH ds feyh eksy = 56 x 100 x 50 = 50

Page # 2
5.6 x 1000
HCl dsfeyh eksy = 36.5 x 100 x 50 = 76.71
blfy, ifj.kkeh foy;u vEyh; gksxkA
M
7. The mass of Glucose (C6H12O6) required to prepare 50 mL of its aqueous solution is : [M]
9
M
Xywdksl (C6H12O6) dk og nzO;eku] tks blds 9
tyh; foy;u ds 50 mL dks cukus ds fy, vko';d gS] fuEu gS %
(A) 10 g (B) 1 mg (C*) 1 g (D) 100 mg
Moles of solute
Sol. Molarity = Volume of solution (in L)
1 m / 180
 =
9 50 / 1000
 m = mass of glucose required = 1 g
foy s; d seksy
gy eksyjrk = foy ; u d k vk;ru (L es)a
1 m / 180
 =  m = Xywdksl dk vko';d nzO;eku = 1 g
9 50 / 1000
8. 50 mL solution of BaCl2 (20.8% w/v) and 100 mL solution of H2SO4 (9.8% w/v) are mixed [M]
(Ba = 137, Cl = 35.5, S = 32)
BaCl2 + H2SO4  BaSO4  + 2HCl
BaSO4 formed is :
BaCl2 ds 50 mL foy;u (20.8% w/v) rFkk H2SO4 ds 100 mL foy;u (9.8% w/v) dks fefJr fd;k tkrk gS
(Ba = 137, Cl = 35.5, S = 32)
BaCl2 + H2SO4  BaSO4  + 2HCl
BaSO4 cukrk gSSA
(A) 23.3 g (B) 46.6 g (C) 29.8 g (D*) 11.65 g
9. V1 volume of 3M HCl solution is mixed with V2 volume of 3M H2SO4 to form a solution in which molarity of
H+ ions is 5M then the value of V1 and V2 may be : [M]
3M HCl foy;u ds V1 vk;ru dks 3M H2SO4 foy;u ds V2 vk;ru ds lkFk fefJr dj ,d foy;u cuk;k tkrk
H+ vk;uksa
gS] ftlesa dh eksyjrk 5M gS] rks V1 rFkk V2 dk eku gks ldrk gS :
(A) 150 ml, 100 ml (B) 2L, 6L (C*) 125 ml, 250 ml (D) 5ml, 15 ml
Sol. (nH )HCl + (nH )H2SO4 = (nH )Re sul tan t solution (nH+ ifj.kkeh foy;u)
3 × V1 + 6 × V2 = 5[V1 + V2]
3V1 + 6V2 = 5V1 + 5V2
2 V1 = V2
V1 1

V2 2
10. Purple of Cassius is prepared by reducing AuCl3 to colloidal gold by SnCl2. A 1L solution containing
1.97 mg of gold per mL is prepared from 0.05M solution of AuCl3 by reduction with appropriate amount
of 0.05M SnCl2 solution, the resulting solution being diluted to 1L with water. Find the volume of
stannous chloride solution required if its oxidation product is SnCl4(aq) (Au = 197) [T]
tkequh dsfl;l (Purple of Cassius) dk fuekZ.k] SnCl2 }kjk AuCl3 dks dksykbMy xksYM esa vip;u ls fd;k tkrk gSA
1.97 mg xksYM izfr ml ;qDr 1L foy;u dk fuekZ.k] AuCl3 ds 0.05M foy;u ls] 0.05 M SnCl2 foy;u dh i;kZIr ek=kk
ds lkFk vip;u }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA izkIr ifj.kkeh foy;u dks ty ds lkFk 1L rd ruq fd;k tkrk gSA ;fn vkWDlhdj.k
mRikn SnCl4 (tyh;) gS rc] vko';d LVsul DyksjkbM foy;u dk vk;ru Kkr dhft;sA (Au = 197)
(A*) 300mL (B) 500mL (C) 800mL (D) 150 mL
(E) None of these buesa ls dksbZ ugh
Page # 3
Sol. AuCl3 + SnCl2  Au + SnCl4
1.97  10 3
= = 10–5 mole/ mL
197
Mole
concentration of Au = 10–5 × 1000
L
Mole
= 10–2
L
Resultant solution is dilute by 1 litre water
1
Now, concentration of Au = × 10–2 M
2
So, N1V1 = N2 V2
1
× 10–2 × 3× 2 = 0.05 × 2× V2
2
V2 = 0.3L
V2 = 300 mL
gy AuCl3 + SnCl2  Au + SnCl4
1.97  10 3
= = 10–5 mole/ mL
197
Mole
Au dh lkUnzrk = 10–5 × 1000
L
Mole
= 10–2
L
ifj.kkeh foy;u dks 1 yhVj ty }kjk ruq fd;k x;kA
1
vc] Au dh lkUnzrk = × 10–2 M
2
vr%] N1V1 = N2 V2
1
× 10–2 × 3× 2 = 0.05 × 2× V2
2
V2 = 0.3L
V2 = 300 mL
11. Suppose you want an acidic solution to carry out a chemical reaction with 2 moles of NaOH. Which sample
of acid is the best choice for you. (At. wt. : S = 32, Cl = 35.5) [T]
(A*) 1 M H2SO4 (50 Rs per lt.) (B) 1 M H2SO4 (56 Rs per lt.)
(C) 1 M HCl (30 Rs per lt.) (D) 1 M HCl (27 Rs per lt.)
ekuk vkidks 2 eksy NaOH ds lkFk jkl;fud vfHkfØ;k djkus ds fy, dksbZ vEyh; foy;u pkfg,A fuEu esa ls vEy dk dkSulk
uewuk vkids fy, mfpr gksxkA (ijek.kq Hkkj : S = 32, Cl = 35.5)
(A*) 1 M H2SO4 (50 Rs izfr yhVj) (B) 1 M H2SO4 (56 Rs izfr yhVj)
(C) 1 M HCl (30 Rs izfr yhVj) (D) 1 M HCl (27 Rs izfr yhVj)
12. What is the molarity of H2SO4 solution that has a density 1.84 g/cc at 35ºC and contains 98% by weight-
[E]
ml H2SO4 foy;u dh eksyjrk D;k gksxh ftldk 35ºC ij ?kuRo 1.84 g/cc vkSj ;s Hkkj dk 98% j[ksa &
(A) 4.18 M (B) 8.14 M (C*) 18.4 M (D) 18 M
Sol. Given 98 % w/w H2SO4 solution
100 g solution contain = 98 g H2SO4
98
= = 1 mole H2SO4
98
M=V×
100
mL solution contain = 1 mole H2SO4
1.84

Page # 4
11.84
1000 mL solution contain = × 1000 = 18.4 M
100
gy. fn;k x;k 98 % w/w H2SO4 foy;u gSA

100 g foy;u j[krk gS 98 g H2SO4
98
= = 1 eksy H2SO4
98
M=V×
100
mL foy;u j[krk gS= 1 mole H2SO4
1.84
11.84
1000 mL foy;u j[krk gS = × 1000 = 18.4 M
100
13. The volume of water is required to make 0.20 M solution from 16 mL of 0.5 M solution is [E]
0.5 M foy;u ds 16 mL ls 0.20 M foy;u cukus ds fy, vko';d ty dk vk;ru fuEu gSa &
(A) 40 ml (B) 16 ml (C) 50 ml (D*) 24ml
Sol. Suppose .V ml of water is added in 16 ml of 0.5 M solution
As 0.5 × 16 = 0.2 × ( 16 + V)
V = 24 ml
gy. ekuk 0.5 M foy;u ds 16 ml esa Vml ty dks feyk;k tkrk gSA
0.5 × 16 = 0.2 × ( 16 + V)
V = 24 ml
14. The 10 mL of 0.5 M NaOH solution is completely neutralized by 0.1 M H2SO4. Then the volume of H2SO4
needed is : [M]
0.5 M NaOH foy;u ds 10 ml dks 0.1 M H2SO4 }kjk iw.kZr% mnklhu djrs gS rc H2SO4 dk vko';d vk;ru gS
(A) 50 mL (B) 100 mL (C) 15 mL (D*) 25 mL
1
Sol. For 1 mole NaOH , mole of H2SO4 required.
2
10  0.5
Hence = 0.1 × V
2
V = 25 ml
1
gy% 1 eksy NaOH dss fy,, eksy H2SO4 vko';d gSA
2
10  0.5
vr% = 0.1 × V
2
V = 25 ml
15. How many ml water should be added to 100ml HCl solution (d = 1.5 g/ml) 80% by wt. to make it a solution
of 40% by wt. of density = 1 g/ml. [Made D.S.] [E]
(A) 100 ml (B) 300 ml (C*) 200 ml (D) none of these
80% Hkkj }kjk 100ml HCl foy;u (d = 1.5 g/ml) esa fdrus mL ty feyk;k tk;s fd ;s foy;u Hkkj dk 40% o bldk
?kuRo = 1 g/ml gks tk;sA [Made D.S.]
(A) 100 ml (B) 300 ml (C*) 200 ml (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
[T.B._08-09_11.3]
Sol. mass of the solute remains same before and after dilution
100 × 1.5 × 0.8 = (100 + V) × 1 × 0.4
V= 200 ml
gy. foys; dk nzO;eku ruqdj.k ds igys o ckn esa leku jgrk gSA
100 × 1.5 × 0.8 = (100 + V) × 1 × 0.4
V = 200 ml

Page # 5
MCQ
1. 100 mL of a 0.5 M Na2SO4 solution is mixed with VmL of 0.1 M BaCl2 solution. In final solution
[Na+] = 1/3, then, which of the following statements is/are correct :
Reaction = Na2SO4 (aq) + BaCl2(aq) BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq) [T] (MOL)
(A*) 20 millimoles of BaSO4 get precipitated out.
(B) The final concentration of Ba2+ ions in solution is 0.1 M
(C*) The final concentration of Cl– ions in solution is 0.133 M
(D*) The final concentration of SO42– ions in solution is 0.1 M
0.5 M Na2SO4 ds 100 mL foy;u dks 0.1 M BaCl2 ds V mL foy;u esa feyk;k tkrk gSA vafre fofy;e esa
[Na+] = 1/3 gS] fuEu esa ls dkSulk@dkSuls dFku lgh gS@gSa %
vfHkfØ;k = Na2SO4 (aq) + BaCl2(aq) BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
(A*) 20 feyheksy BaSO4 vo{ksfir gks tk;sxkA
(B) foy;u esa Ba2+ vk;uksa dh vfUre lkUnzrk 0.1 M gSA
(C*) foy;u esa Cl– vk;uksa dh vfUre lkUnzrk 0.133 M gSA
(D*) foy;u esa SO42– vk;uksa dh vfUre lkUnzrk 0.1 M gSA
Sol. Moles of NaCl = M × VL = 0.5 × 0.1 = 0.05
Moles of AgNO3 = M × VL = 0.1 × 0.4 = 0.04
So from the reaction, AgNO3 is LR.
 Moles of AgCl precipitated = 0.04 moles = 0.04 × 1000 = 40 millimoles.
0.5  100 0.05 – 0.04 0.1 400
[Na+] = = 0.1 M ; [Cl–] = = 0.02 M ; [NO3–] = = 0.08 M.
500 0 .5 500
gy- NaCl ds eksy = M × VL = 0.5 × 0.1 = 0.05
AgNO3 ds eksy = M × VL = 0.1 × 0.4 = 0.04
blfy, vfHkfØ;k esa] AgNO3 lhekdkjh vfHkdeZd gSA
 vo{ksfir AgCl ds eksy = 0.04 eksy = 0.04 × 1000 = 40 feyh eksy
0.5  100 0.05 – 0.04 0.1 400
[Na+] = = 0.1 M ; [Cl–] = = 0.02 M ; [NO3–] = = 0.08 M.
500 0 .5 500
2. There are two sample of HCl having molarity 1 M and 0.25 M. Find volume of these sample taken in order to
prepare 0.75 M HCl solution. (Assume no water is used) [M]
;gk¡ 1 M rFkk 0.25 M eksyjrk okys HCl ds nks uewus gSA 0.75 M HCl foy;u cukus ds fy,] fy, x;s bu uewus dk vk;ru
Kkr dhft, ¼;g ekudj fd ty dke esa ugha fy;k tkrk gS½
(A*) 20 ml, 10 ml (B*) 100 ml, 50 ml (C*) 40 ml, 20 ml (D*) 50 ml, 25 ml
V1  1  V2  0.25
Sol. Final molarity vafre eksyjrk = ( V1  V2 )
0.75 (V1 + V2) = V1 + V2 × 0.25
0.75 V1 + 0.75 V2 = V1 + V2 × 0.25
0.5 V2 = 0.25 V1
V1
V2 = 2
3. 50 mL of 10 M H2SO4 solution is mixed with 100 mL of 0.5 M H2SO4 solution and volume is made up to one
litre by adding water. Then : [M]
(A*) The number of millimoles of H2SO4 present in 100 mL of resulting solution is 55.
(B) The number of millimoles of H2SO4 present in 100 mL of resulting solution is 0.55.
(C) The mass of H2SO4 in 1 litre of resulting solution is 5.39 g.
(D*) The mass of H2SO4 in 1 litre of resulting solution is 53.9 g.
10 M H2SO4 ds 50 mL foy;u dks 0.5 M H2SO4 ds 100 mL foy;u ds lkFk feykrs gSa rFkk blesa ty feykdj ifj.kkeh
foy;u dk vk;ru ,d yhVj rd cuk;k tkrk gSA rc %
(A*) ifj.kkeh foy;u ds 100 mL esa mifLFkr H2SO4 ds feyheksyksa dh la[;k 55 gSA
(B) ifj.kkeh foy;u ds 100 mL esa mifLFkrH2SO4 ds feyheksyksa dh la[;k 0.55 gSA
(C) ifj.kke foy;u ds ,d yhVj esa H2SO4 dk nzO;eku 5.39 g gSA
(D*) ifj.kke foy;u ds ,d yhVj esa H2SO4 dk nzO;eku 53.9 g gSA

Page # 6
50  10  100  0.5
Sol. Resultant molarity = = 0.55 M
1000
Hence, millimoles in 100 mL = 100 × 0.55 = 55
Mass of H2SO4 in 1 litre solution = 0.55  98 = 53.9 g
50  10  100  0.5
ifj.kkeh eksyjrk = = 0.55 M
1000
vr% 100 mL esa H2SO4 ds feyheksy = 100 × 0.55 = 55
1 yhVj foy;u esa H2SO4 dk nzO;eku = 0.55  98 = 53.9 g
4. Chloride of an element is given by the formula MClx and it is 100% ionised in 0.01 M aqueous solution. Then
[M]
(A*) if [Cl–] = 0.03 M then the value of x is 3. (B*) if [Cl–] = 0.05 M then the value of x is 5
(C*) [Mx+] = 0.01 M, irrespective of [Cl–] (D) [Mx+] depends on [Cl–]
,d rRo esa DyksjkbM dk v.kq lw=k MClx fn;k x;k gS ;s 0.01 M tyh; foy;u esa 100% vk;fur gS rc
(A*) ;fn [Cl–] = 0.03 M rc x dk eku 3 gksxkA (B*) ;fn [Cl–] = 0.05 M rc x dk eku 5 gksxkA
(C*) [Mx+] = 0.01 M, [Cl–] ds lanHkZ esa (D) [Mx+], [Cl–] ij fuHkZj gSA
Sol. In each mole of MClx there are x moles of Cl–
 [Cl–] = x × 0.01
conc. of [Mx+] = 0.01
gy- MClx ds izR;sd eksy esa Cl– ds x eksy gSA
 [Cl–] = x × 0.01
x+
[M ] dh lkUnzrk = 0.01
5. If 100 ml of 1M H2SO4 solution is mixed with 100 ml of 9.8%(w/w) H2SO4 solution (d = 1 g/ml) then : [M]
(A*) concentration of solution remains same (B*) volume of solution become 200 ml
(C) mass of H2SO4 in the solution is 98 gm (D*) mass of H2SO4 in the solution is 19.6 gm
;fn 1M H2SO4 ds 100 ml dks 9.8%(Hkkj/Hkkj) H2SO4 (?kuRo = 1 g/ml) foy;u ds 100 ml ds lkFk feyk;k tkrk gS rc%
(A*) foy;u dh lkUnzrk leku jgrh gSA (B*) foy;u dk vk;ru 200 ml gks tkrk gSA
(C) foy;u esa H2SO4 dk nzO;eku 98 gm gks tkrk gSA (D*) foy;u esa H2SO4 dk nzO;eku 19.6 gm gks tkrk gSA
Sol. (A, B, D)
10  d  x
(A) Molarity of second solution is = =1M
M
(B) Volume = 100 + 100 = 200 ml
200  1
(D) Mass of H2SO4 = × 98 = 19.6 gm.
1000
Sol. (A, B, D)
10  d  x
(A) f}rh; foy;u dh eksyjrk = =1M gSA
M
(B) vk;ru = 100 + 100 = 200 ml
200  1
(D) H2SO4 dk nzO;eku = × 98 = 19.6 gm.
1000
6. 100 mL of a 0.5 M NaCl solution is mixed with 400 mL of 0.1 M AgNO3 solution. Then following reaction
takes place : [M]
NaCl (aq) + AgNO3(aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq).
Which of the following statements is/are correct
(A*) 40 millimoles of AgCl get precipitated out.
(B*) The final concentration of Na+ ions in solution is 0.1 M
(C) The final concentration of Cl– ions in solution is 0.1 M
(D*) The final concentration of NO3– ions in solution is 0.08 M

Page # 7
0.5 M NaCl ds 100 mL foy;u dks 0.1 M AgNO3 ds 400 mL foy;u esa feyk;k tkrk gSA rc fuEu vfHkfØ;k gksrh gSa%
NaCl (aq) + AgNO3(aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
fuEu esa ls dkSulk@dkSuls dFku lgh gS@gSa %
(A*) 40 feyheksy AgCl vo{ksfir gks tk;sxkA
(B*) foy;u esa Na+ vk;uksa dh vfUre lkUnzrk 0.1 M gSA
(C) foy;u esa Cl– vk;uksa dh vfUre lkUnzrk 0.1 M gSA
(D*) foy;u esa NO3– vk;uksa dh vfUre lkUnzrk 0.08 M gSA
Sol. Moles of NaCl = M × VL = 0.5 × 0.1 = 0.05
Moles of AgNO3 = M × VL = 0.1 × 0.4 = 0.04
So from the reaction, AgNO3 is LR.
 Moles of AgCl precipitated = 0.04 moles = 0.04 × 1000 = 40 millimoles.
0.5  100 0.05 – 0.04 0.1 400
[Na+] = = 0.1 M ; [Cl–] = = 0.02 M ; [NO3–] = = 0.08 M.
500 0 .5 500
gy- NaCl ds eksy = M × VL = 0.5 × 0.1 = 0.05
AgNO3 ds eksy = M × VL = 0.1 × 0.4 = 0.04
blfy, vfHkfØ;k esa] AgNO3 lhekUr vfHkdeZd gSA
 vo{ksfir AgCl ds eksy = 0.04 eksy = 0.04 × 1000 = 40 feyh eksy
0.5  100 0.05 – 0.04 0.1 400
[Na+] = = 0.1 M ; [Cl–] = = 0.02 M ; [NO3–] = = 0.08 M.
500 0 .5 500
A/R
MTC

Solution samples Analysis of Resulting Solution
(A) 0.5 M, 100 ml KNO3 solution + (p) Total mass of solute is greater than 5 g.
0.5 M, 100 ml Mg(NO3)2 solution
(B) 0.5 M, 100 ml Na2SO4 solution (q) Total molality of cation = 0.5 m.
+ 100 ml water
(C) 1 L, 4.35% (w/v) K2SO4 solution (r) Total concentration of anion = 0.75 M
(D) In 0.5 M, 100 ml NaOH solution, (s) Total concentration of cation = 0.5 M
1 g NaOH crystals are dissolved
dkWye-I dkWye-II
foy;u izkn'kZ ifj.kkeh foy;u dk fo'ys"k.k
(A) 0.5 M, 100 ml KNO3 foy;u + (p) foys; dk dqy nzO;eku 5 g ls vf/kd gSA
0.5 M, 100 ml Mg(NO3)2 foy;u
(B) 0.5 M, 100 ml Na2SO4 foy;u + 100 ml ty (q) /kuk;u dh dqy eksyyrk = 0.5 m.
(C) 1 L, 4.35% (w/v) K2SO4 foy;u (r) _.kk;u dh dqy lkUnzrk = 0.75 M
(D) 0.5 M, 100 ml NaOH foy;u esa, (s) /kuk;u dh dqy lkUnzrk = 0.5 M
1 g NaOH fØLVy foys; fd;s tkrs gSaA
Ans. (A - p, r, s) ; (B - p, s) ; (C - p, s) ; (D - r)
Sol. Since the density of none of the solutions is given, so any calculation regarding molality cannot be done.
(A) nKNO = 0.5 × 100 mmol = 50 mmol : nMg(NO3) = 0.5 × 100 mmol = 50 mmol
3 2
 ncation = nK+ + nMg2+ = 50 + 50 = 100 mmol ; Vtotal = (100 + 100) ml = 200 ml
100
 [Cation] = M = 0.5 M
200
Also, nanion = nNO3– = (50 + 2 × 50) mmol = 150 mmol

Page # 8
150
 [Anion] = M = 0.75 M
200
Total mass of solute = 0.05 × 101 + 0.05 × 148 = 12.45 g (> 5g)
(B) nNa SO (initially) = 0.5 × 100 mmol = 50 mmol
2 4
100
 nNa+ = 2 × 50 mmol = 100 mmol  [Cation] = M = 0.5 M
200
Also, n = 1 × 50 mmol = 50 mmol

SO 24 
50
 [Anion] = M = 0.25 M
200
Total mass of solute = 0.05 × 142 = 7.1 g (> 5 g)
(C) mK2SO = 43.5 g  Total mass of solute = 43.5 g (> 5g)
4
43 .5
 nK2SO = mole = 0.25 mole
174 4
 nK+ = 2 × 0.25 mole = 0.5 mole
0 .5
 [Cation] = [K+] = M = 0.5 M
1
0.25
Also, nSO 2– = 0.25 mole  [Anion] = [SO42–] = M = 0.25 M
4 1
(D) Initially, nNaOH = 0.5 × 0.1 mole = 0.05 mole
mNaOH (initially) = 0.05 × 40 g = 2 g
After addition of NaOH, mNaOH (finally) = (2 + 1) = 3 g  Total mass of solute = 3 g (< 5g)
3
 nNaOH (finally) = mole = 0.075 mole
4
0.075
 [Cation] = [Na+] = M = 0.75 M
0 .1
0.075
 [Anion] = [OH–] = M = 0.75 M
0 .1
gy- pwafd fdlh Hkh foy;u dk ?kuRo ugha fn;k x;k gS] vr% eksyyrk ls lEcfU/kr x.kuk,¡ ugha dh tk ldrh gSaA
(A) nKNO = 0.5 × 100 mmol = 50 mmol : nMg(NO3)2 = 0.5 × 100 mmol = 50 mmol
3
 ncation = nK+ + nMg2+ = 50 + 50 = 100 mmol ; Vtotal = (100 + 100) ml = 200 ml
100
 [/kuk;u] = M = 0.5 M
200
lkFk gh] nanion = nNO3– = (50 + 2 × 50) mmol = 150 mmol
150
 [_.kk;u] = M = 0.75 M
200
foys; dk dqy Hkkj = 0.05 × 101 + 0.05 × 148 = 12.45 g (> 5g)
(B) nNa SO (çkjfEHkd) = 0.5 × 100 mmol = 50 mmol
2 4
100
 nNa+ = 2 × 50 mmol = 100 mmol  [/kuk;u] = M = 0.5 M
200
n = 1 × 50 mmol = 50 mmol
lkFk gh] SO 24 
50
 [_.kk;u] = M = 0.25 M
200
foys; dk dqy Hkkj = 0.05 × 142 = 7.1 g (> 5 g)
(C) mK2SO = 43.5 g  foys; dk dqy Hkkj = 43.5 g (> 5g)
4
43 .5
 nK2SO = eksy = 0.25 eksy
4174
 nK+ = 2 × 0.25 eksy = 0.5 eksy

Page # 9
0 .5
 [/kuk;u] = [K+] = M = 0.5 M
1
0.25
rFkk nSO 2– = 0.25 eksy  [_.kk;u] = [SO42–] = 1
M = 0.25 M
4
(D) çkjfEHkd, nNaOH = 0.5 × 0.1 eksy = 0.05 eksy
mNaOH (çkjfEHkd) = 0.05 × 40 g = 2 g
NaOH ds feykus ds i'pkr~ mNaOH (vfUre) = (2 + 1) = 3 g  foys; dk dqy Hkkj = 3 g (< 5g)
3
 nNaOH (vfUre) = mol = 0.075 mol
4
0.075
 [/kuk;u] = [Na+] = M = 0.75 M
0 .1
0.075
 [_.kk;u] = [OH–] = M = 0.75 M
0 .1
Comprehension :

The concentrations of solutions can be expressed in number of ways; viz : mass fraction of solute (or mass
concentration terms and also they are related with each other i.e. knowing one concentration term for the
solution, we can find other concentration terms also. The definition of different concentration terms are given
below :
Molality : It is the number of moles of solute present in one kg of the solvent
If 2 litre of 9.8 % w/w H2SO4 (d = 1.5 g/mL) Solution is mixed with 3 litre of 1 M KOH solution.
foy;u dh lkUnzrk dks dbZ rjg ls O;Dr dj ldrs gSA tSls& foys; dk nzO;eku izHkkT; (nzO;eku izfr'kr), eksyj lkUnzrk
¼eksyjrk½ vkSj eksyy lkUnzrk ¼eksyyrk½A ;s in lkUnzrk in dgykrs gS vkSj ;s lc ,d&nwljs ls lEcfU/kr gSA vFkkZr~ foy;u
ds fy;s ,d lkUnzrk in Kkr gksus ij] ge nwljk lkUnzrk in Hkh Kkr dj ldrs gSA uhps fofHkUu lkUnzrk inksa dh ifjHkk"kk
nh xbZ gS&
eksyjrk : ,d yhVj foy;u esa mifLFkr foys; ds eksyksa dh la[;k
eksyyrk : ,d fdyksxzke foyk;d esa mifLFkr foys; ds eksyks dh la[;k
;fn 9.8 % w/w H2SO4 (d = 1.5 g/mL) foy;u ds 2 yhVj dks 1 M KOH foy;u ds 3 yhVj ds lkFk fefJr djrs gS rc%
1. The number of moles of H2SO4 added are : [M]

foy;u esa feyk;s x;s H2SO4 ds eksy gS %
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C*) 3 (D) 0.5
10  mass%  dsolution
Sol. M= mol. wt solute
10  % nzO; eku  d foy ; u

M= v.kqHkkj foy s;
10  9.8  1.5
M=
98
= 1.5 eksyj
eksy = MVL = 2 × 1.5
= 3 mol

Page # 10
2. The concentration of H+ if solution is acidic or concentration of OH – if solution is basic in the final solution is:
[M]
+
vfUre foy;u esa H dh lkUnzrk ;fn foy;u vEyh; gS vFkok OH dh lkUnzrk ;fn foy;u {kkjh; gS %
–
3 3 2
(A) 0 M(B) (C*) M (D) M
10 5 5
Sol. moles of KOH added are = 3 × 1
= 3 mol
2 KOH + H2SO4  K2SO4 + 2HOH
initial moles 3 3 0 0
moles after reaction 3 – 3 3 – 1.5 1.5 3
= 0 = 1.5
2  1.5 3
 [ H+ ] = = M
23 5
feyk;s x;s KOH ds eksy = 3 × 1
= 3 eksy
2 KOH + H2SO4  K2SO4 + 2HOH
izkjfEHkd eksy 3 3 0 0
vfHkfØ;k ds i'pkr~ 3–3 3 – 1.5 1.5 3
eksy = 0 = 1.5
2  1.5 3
 [ H+ ] = = M
23 5

5g NaOH is mixed with 45g water and this solution is mixed with 20 ml of same solution. 10 ml of
final solution has total 1.8066×10 22 NaOH units dissolved in it.
3. Density of this final solution is [T]

(A) 1 kg/L (B) 1.2 kg/m³ (C) 0.8 g/ml (D*) 1.2 kg/L
moles 1.8066  1022 1000
Sol. molarity   
V 6.022  1023 10
= 3M
%w / w  d  10
molarity 
MNaOH
10  d  10
3 = d = 1.2 g/ml
40
4. Molality of this solution is [E]

(A) 2.67 m (B) 3m (C) 1.67 m (D*) 2.77 m
5 1000 100
Sol. m    2.77m
40 45 36
5. Calculate volume of 1M H 2SO 4 solution required to neutralize 400 gm of the NaOH solution
completely. [M]
(A) 2 L (B) 100 ml (C) 1L (D*) 500 ml
WNaOH 100
Sol. m 
40 400  WNaOH
100 WNaOH 1000

 
36 40 400  WNaOH
WNaOH = 40 g = 1 mol

Page # 11
1
Mol of H 2SO 4 required = = M×V
2
1
= 1×V
2
Vn 2SO 4 = 0.5L = 500 ml

The concentration of solutions can be expressed in number of ways; viz : mass fraction of solute (or mass
concentration terms and also they are related with each other, i.e. knowing one concentration term for the
solution, we can find other concentration terms also. Some of the concentration terms are temperature
dependent, while some are temperature independent in nature. The definition of different concentration terms
are given below :
Molality : It is the number of moles of solute dissolved in one kg of the solvent
moles of solute
Mole Fraction = moles of solute  moles of solvent

,d foy;u dh lkUnzrk dks dbZ rjg ls O;Dr dj ldrs gSaA tSls& foys; dk nzO;eku izHkkt (;k nzO;eku izfr'kr), eksyj
lkUnzrk ¼eksyjrk½ vkSj eksyy lkUnzrk ¼eksyyrk½A ;s in lkUnzrk in dgykrs gSa vkSj ;s lc ,d&nwljs ls lEcfU/kr gaS] vFkkZr~
foy;u ds fy;s ,d lkUnzrk in Kkr gksus ij] ge nwljk lkUnzrk in Hkh Kkr dj ldrs gaSA dqN lkUnzrk in rkieku ij
fuHkZj djrs gSa] tcfd dqN izÑfr esa rkieku ij fuHkZj ugha djrs gSaA uhps fofHkUu lkUnzrk inksa dh ifjHkk"kk nh xbZ gS %
eksyjrk : ;g ,d yhVj foy;u esa mifLFkr foys; ds eksyksa dh la[;k gSA
eksyyrk : ;g ,d fdyksxzke foyk;d esa ?kksys x, foys; ds eksyksa dh la[;k gSA
foy s; d seksy
eksy izHkkt =
foy s; d seksy  foy k;d d seksy
vc] fuEu iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft;s %
6. Which of the following concentration terms can be calculated, if only molality of solution and molecular mass
of solute is given, but density of solution is not given : [E]
(1) Mole fraction of solute in solution (Xsolute).
(2) % w/w of solution.
(3) % w/v of solution
(A) Only (2) & (3) (B) All (1), (2) & (3) (C*) Only (1) & (2) (D) Only (1) & (3)
fuEu esa ls dkSulk lkUnzrk in ifjdfyr fd;k tk ldrk gS] ;fn dsoy foy;u dh eksyyrk rFkk foys; dk v.kqHkkj fn;k
x;k gks] ysfdu foy;u dk ?kuRo ugha fn;k x;k gks %
(1) foy;u esa foys; dk eksy&fHkUu (Xfoys;).
(2) foy;u dk % w/w
(3) foy;u dk % w/v
(A) dsoy (2) o (3) (B) (1), (2) o (3) lHkh (C*) dsoy (1) o (2) (D) dsoy (1) o (3)
Sol. Since molality is a temperature independent quantity, so without the density of solution, only temperature
independent quantities can be determined, not temperature dependent quantities.
So, (% w/v) cannot be determined.
gy pwafd eksyyrk ,d rkieku Lora=k ek=kk gS] blfy, foy;u ds ?kuRo ds fcuk dsoy rkieku Lora=k ek=kk gh fu/kkZfjr dh tk
ldrh gS] ysfdu rkieku ij fuHkZj ek=kkvksa dks fu/kkZfjr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA blfy, (% w/v) fu/kkZfjr ugha dh tk ldrh
gSA
7. If the mole fraction of HNO3 in its aqueous solution is 1/16, then the molality of the solution is about : [M]
(A*) 3.7 m (B) 2.7 m (C) 1.7 m (D) 4.7 m
;fn HNO3 dk blds tyh; foy;u esa eksy&fHkUu 1/16 gks] rks foy;u dh eksyyrk yxHkx fuEu gksxh %
(A*) 3.7 m (B) 2.7 m (C) 1.7 m (D) 4.7 m

Page # 12
1
 1000
Xsolute  1000 16
Sol. m = (1  X = 15  3.7 m
solute )  Mol. mass solvent  18
16
1
 1000
X foy s;  1000 16
gy m = (1  X = 15  3.7 m
foy s; )  v.kq
Hkkj foy k; d  18
16
8. If the strength of an aqueous solution of Glucose (C6H12O6) is 9 g/L, with density of solution as 1.25 g/mL,
then which of the following is INCORRECT for the given solution : [M]
(A) Molarity = 0.05 M (B) % w/w = 0.72 % (C) Both (A) and (B) (D*) None of these
;fn Xywdksl (C6H12O6) ds ,d tyh; foy;u dk lkeF;Z 9 g/L gks rFkk ?kuRo 1.25 g/mL gks] rks fuEu esa ls dkSulk dFku
xyr gS %
(A) eksyjrk = 0.05 M (B) % w/w = 0.72 % (C) (A) o (B) nksuks (D*) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Str. (g/L) 9
Sol. Molarity = = = 0.05 M
Mol. mass of solute 180
(%w / w )  dso ln  10
Molarity =
Mol. mass of solute
(%w / w )  1.25  10
 0.05 =
180
 % w/w = 0.72 %
lkeF; Z(g/L) 9
gy eksyjrk = foy s; d k v .kqHkkj = 180
= 0.05 M
(%w / w )  d foy ; u  10
eksyjrk = foy s; d k v .kqHkkj
(%w / w )  1.25  10
 0.05 =
180
 % w/w = 0.72 %
Single Integer
1. Calculate the molality of the resultant solution, obtained by mixing equal volumes of 20% (w/w) NaOH
solution (d = 1.2 g/mL) and 25% (w/w) NaOH solution (d = 1.44 g/mL).
17
Report your answer after multiplying it by [M] (MOL)
25
20% (w/w) NaOH foy;u (d = 1.2 g/mL) rFkk 25% (w/w) NaOH foy;u (d = 1.44 g/mL) ds leku vk;ru dks fefJr
dj izkIr ifj.kkeh foy;u dh eksyyrk ifjdfyr dhft,A
17
viuk mÙkj ls xq.kk dj ds nhft,A
25
Ans. 5
Sol. Let volume of two solutions taken be Vml each.
wt. of solute 1000
 Molality = Mol. mass of solute × wt. of solvent (g)
20 25
 1 .2 V   1.44 V 1000
100 100 125
= × 80 75 = m
40  1 .2 V   1.44 V 17
100 100
Sol. ekuk fd nksuksa foy;u esa izR;sd dk vk;ru Vml gSA

foy s; d k Hkkj 1000
 eksyyrk = foy s; d k v .kqHkkj × foy k;d d k Hkkj(g)

Page # 13
20 25
 1 .2 V   1.44 V 1000
100 100 125
= × 80 75 = m
40  1 .2 V   1.44 V 17
100 100
2. 1M NaOH solution is slowly added to 1  of 150 gm impure H2SO4 solution. Initially [H+] is 3M & finally
[OH–] is 0.5M. The volume of NaOH solution ( in  ) added is -
1  ] 150 gm v'kq) H2SO4 foy;u esa 1 M NaOH foy;u /khjs&/khjs feyk;k tkrk gSA izkjEHk esa [H+], 3M gS rFkk vUr esa
[OH–] 0.5M gks tkrk gSA NaOH dk vk;ru ¼yhVj esa½ tks fd feyk;k x;k gS] gksxk \
(Ref.: AKK SIR ON OCT2013) (MOL) [M]
Ans. 7
1V – 3
Sol. = 0.5.
V 1
3. 29.2% (w/w) HCI stock solution has a density of 2.5 gmL–1. The molecular weight of HCI is 36.5 gmol–1. The
volume (mL) of stock solution required to prepare a 200 mL solution of 0.4 M HCI is : [M]
29.2% (w/w) HCI ds ,d LVkWd foy;u dk ?kuRo 2.5 gmL–1 gSA HCI dk vkf.od Hkkj 36.5 gmol–1 gSA 0.4 M HCI ds
200mL foy;u dks cukus ds fy;s bl LVkWd foy;u dh fdruh ek=kk (mL) pkfg;s\
Ans. 4
w/w%  d  10 29.2  2.5  10
Sol. M1 = = = 20 M
GMM 36.5
For dilution M1V1 = M2V2
20 x V1 = 0.4 x 200 V1 = 4 ml Ans.
4. If 50 mL of pure ethyl alcohol (d = 0.9 g/mL) is mixed with 30 mL of pure water (d = 1 g/mL), the density of
25
resultant mixture was found to be g/mL. Find the % expansion in volume of solution. [M]
28
;fn 'kq) ,fFky ,YdksgkWy (d = 0.9 g/mL) ds 50 mL dks] 'kq) ty (d = 1 g/mL) ds 30 mL ds lkFk fefJr fd;k x;k] rc
25
ifj.kkeh feJ.k dk ?kuRo g/mL ik;k x;kA foy;u ds vk;ru esa] % çlkj Kkr dhft;s \
28
Ans. 5
mmix mEtOH  mH2O (50  0.9)  (30  1)
Sol. (Vmix)actual okLrfod = d = = = 84 ml
mix dmix (25 / 28)
(Vmix)expected vkisf{kr = 50 + 30 = 80 ml
84  80 4
 % expansion in volume ¼vk;ru esa % çlkj½ = × 100 = × 100 = 5%
80 80
5. 61.25% (w/w) H2SO4 stock solution has a density of 1.6 g mL–1. The molecular weight of H2SO4 is 98
g mol–1. The volume (mL) of stock solution required to prepare a 200 mL solution of 0.3 M H2SO4 is : [M]
61.25% (w/w) H2SO4 ds ,d LVkWd foy;u dk ?kuRo 1.6 g mL–1 gSA H2SO4 dk vkf.od Hkkj 98 g mol–1 gSA
0.3 M H2SO4 ds 200 mL foy;u dks cukus ds fy, bl LVkWd foy;u dh fdruh ek=kk (mL) pkfg;sa\
Ans. 6 mL.
10  1.6  61.25 98  200  0.3
Sol. 200 × 0.3 = x  ; x= = 6 mL.
98 16  61.25
6. W hat volume of 0.2 M NaOH (in L) solution should be mixed to 2L of 0.5M NaOH solution so that
300 ml of final solution is completely neutralised by 20 ml of 2 M H 3PO 4 solution. [Assuming 100%
dissociation] [M]
M1V1  M2 V2
Ans. Final molarity of NaOH solution  V1  V2
0.2V  0.5  2
=
2 V
Page # 14
For neutralisation equivalents of NaOH = equivalents of H 3PO 4
V.F. H 3PO 4 = 3
 0.2V  0.5  2 
 2 V  ×300 ml = 20 ml ×2 ×3
V = 1 Litre
7. What volume of water (in mL) must be added to a mixture containing 2.5 mL each of 0.2 M and 0.4 M NaOH
solutions, to get the final solution of molarity 0.25 M ? [M]
0.25 M eksyjrk dk ifj.kkeh foy;u izkIr djus ds fy, 0.2 M o 0.4 M NaOH foy;u ¼izR;sd ds 2.5 mL) ;qDr ,d feJ.k
esa ty dk D;k vk;ru (mL esa½ feyk;k tkuk pkfg,\
Ans. 1
Sol. M1V1 + M2V2 = Mf × Vf
 0.2 × 2.5 + 0.4 × 2.5 = 0.25 × (2.5 + 2.5 + VH O)
2
 VH O = 1 mL
2
8. 2M of 100 ml Na2 SO4 is mixed with 3M of 100 ml NaCl solution and 1M of 200 ml CaCl2 solution. Then the
ratio of the concentration of cation and anion. [M]
2M Na2 SO4 ds 100 ml dks] 3M NaCl ds 100 ml rFkk 1M CaCl2 ds 200 ml foy;u esa feykrs gS rks /kuk;u rFkk _.kk;u
dh lkUnzrk dk vuqikr Kkr djksA
Ans. 1
400  300  200
Sol. Conc. of cation /kuk;u dh lkUnzrk =
400
200  300  400
conc. of anion _.kk;u dh lkUnzrk =
400
 ratio of the conc. lkUnzrk dk vuqikr = 1
Double Integer
Subjective :
1. A 10 ml of ethanol is mixed with water to form 100 ml of solution. Solution and pure ethanol have densities
0.946 and 0.460 g/ml respectively. Find :
(a) Molarity of solution.
(b) Mole fraction of ethanol in solution.
(c) % by mass of ethanol in solution. [4 + 4 + 2 = 10 Marks] [M]
1
Ans. (a) 1 M (b) or 0.0196 (c) 4.86 %
51
Sol. Vsolution = 100 ml VC2H5OH = 10 ml

msolution = 100  0.946 = 94.6
mC2H5OH = 10  0.46 = 4.6 so mwater = 90
4.60 90
nC2H5OH = = 0.1 nwater = =5
46 18
M  100 0 .1
0.1 =  M=1 XC2H5OH = = 0.0196
1000 5 .1
4.6
% by mass =  100 = 4.86 %
94.6
2. Teacher asked Rajneesh to prepare 25 ml of 0.1 molar HCl solution from 0.5 M HCl solution.
(a) Find the volume of water (in mL) used to prepare 25 ml of 0.1 M solution of HCl.
(b) If the available volume of 0.5 M HCl solution, is only 1 ml, then how much volume of 1 M HCl solution
(in mL) should be used after using 0.5 M HCl solution to complete the task.
(c) If Rajneesh had to prepare 50 ml of 0.1 M HCl solution and he had 1 ml of 0.5 M HCl solution and 50
ml of 1 M HCl solution, then what is the volume of water (in mL) required, if he had to use 0.5 M HCl
solution completely.

Page # 15
[2 + 3 + 5 = 10 Marks] [T]
Ans. (a) 20 mL (b) 2 mL (c) 44.5 mL
Sol. (a) 0.5 M, V1 ml  0.1 M, 25 ml
 0.5 × V1 = 0.1 × 25
 V1 = 5 ml
Volume of water = 25 – 5 = 20 ml
(b) 0.5 M, 1 ml + 1 M, V2 ml  0.1 M, 25 ml
 mmoles are equal
 0.5 × 1 + 1 × V2 = 0.1 × 25
 V2 = 2 ml
Volume of 1 M HCl solution used = 2 ml.
(c) 0.5 × 1 + 1 × V3 = 50 × 0.1
V3 = 5 – 0.5 = 4.5 ml
 Volume of acids used = 4.5 + 1 = 5.5 ml
 Volume of water used = 50 – 5.5 = 44.5 ml

Page # 16

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Section (A) : Laws of chemical combination, Molar volume

of ideal gases at STP, Average molar mass MOLE CONCEPT (MOL)

Refer for it introduction to chemistry folder

HCl : PCl3 : PCl5

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(A*) 1 : 5 (B) 2 : 5 (C) 1 : 20 (D) None of these (buesa ls dksbZ ugha)

Ratio of coefficients of MnO4– and I– = 2/10 = 1/5

\\server-1\Session 2014-15\JEE (ADVANCED)\CHEMISTRY\Section Wise Test Bank 14-15\Physical Page # 2

8. The weight of a molecule of the compound C6H12O6 is : [E]

9. 5.6 litre of oxygen at STP contains : [E]

STP ij 5.6 yhVj vkWDlhtu esa gksxsa :

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14. Which of the following has maximum mass ? [M]

15. Volume at STP of 0.22 g of CO2 is same as that of : [M]

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21. Which of the following has least weight ? [M]

 molecules of liquid NO2 = moles  NA = 0.005  NA = 3.01  1021.

 nzo NO2 ds v.kq = eksy  NA = 0.005  NA = 3.01  1021.

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= O ds 8 ijek.kq = 8 × 16 = 128 amu

24. Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT ? [E]

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Sol. Let total mass of mixture be 100 g

Total mass 100

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6. Find number of g-atoms in 1 g O3. [E]

Paragraph for Question Nos. 7 to 8

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Paragraph for Question Nos. 9 to 11

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gy % H2O STP ij ,d xSl ugha gS

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5. Number of moles of electrons present in 2 g-ion H– are : [E]

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Mg  Mg+  Mg+2

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2. 30 g of element x contains 18.069  1023 atoms of x. Calculate gram–molecular mass of x2

2. Define the following : [E]

Ans. Mole : (The Mass / Number Relationship)

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3. Calculate the number of atoms in each of the following : [E]

4. (a) What is the mass in grams of one molecule of caffeine (C8H10N4O2) ?

(b) 1.68 L at STP.

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5. Consider the following reaction : [M]

Sol. Molar mass of X = 60 × 2 = 120

120  (1  3 x )  160 x  200 x

fuEu vfHkfØ;k dk voyksdu dhft, %

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120  (1  3 x )  160 x  200 x

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Then atomic wt. of metal (M) will be

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Sol. Mass Moles Simplest ratio

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9. Minimum molecular mass of a compound containing 6.4% oxygen by mass is : [M]

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gy % ekuk yksgs ds VqdM+s dk Hkkj 100g gS