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CRIMES / OFFENSES

 Arson - malicious burning to destroy property


 Assassination - murder of a public figure by surprise attack; an attack intended to ruin
someone's reputation
 Assault – a threatened or attempted physical attack by someone who appears to be
able to cause bodily harm if not stopped; close fighting during the culmination of a
military attack; thoroughbred that won the triple crown in 1946; the crime of forcing a
woman to submit to sexual intercourse against her will; verb: attack someone
physically or emotionally ("The mugger assaulted the woman”); force (someone) to
have sex against their will; attack in speech or writing.
 Bigamy – the offense of marrying someone while you have a living spouse from whom
no valid divorce has occurred; having two spouses at the same time
 Blackmail – extortion of money by threats to divulge discrediting information
 Bribery - the practice of offering something (usually money) in order to gain an illicit
advantage
 Burglary - entering a building unlawfully with intent to commit a felony or to steal
valuable property
 Car theft – the taking or attempted taking of a vehicle without permission of the owner
 Child abuse – the physical or emotional or sexual mistreatment of children
 Con – to persuade by deception, threats, exaggeration, etc.
 Counterfeit – criminal falsification by making or altering an instrument with intent to
defraud; a copy that is represented as the original
 Domestic violence – violence or physical abuse directed toward your spouse or
domestic partner; usually violence by men against women
 Drug trafficking - traffic in illegal drugs
 Embezzlement – the fraudulent appropriation of funds or property entrusted to your
care but actually owned by someone else
 Espionage – the systematic use of spies to get military or political secrets
 Forgery – criminal falsification by making or altering an instrument with intent to
defraud; a copy that is represented as the original
 Fraud – something intended to deceive; deliberate trickery intended to gain an
advantage; intentional deception resulting in injury to another person; a person who
makes deceitful pretenses
 Genocide – systematic killing of a racial or cultural group
 Hijacking – robbery of a traveler or vehicle in transit or seizing control of a vehicle by
the use of force
 Homicide – the killing of a human being by another human being
 Hooliganism – willful wanton and malicious destruction of the property of others
 Jaywalking – to cross a street in disregard of traffic rules or at a place other than a
proper crosswalk.
 Kidnapping – (law) the unlawful act of capturing and carrying away a person against
their will and holding them in false imprisonment
 Libel – words falsely written that damage the reputation of another; an abusive attack
on a person's character or good name ▸ verb: charge falsely or with malicious intent;
attack the good name and reputation of someone
 Littering – to throw scattered objects, rubbish, etc., on (a place
 Loitering - to remain in an area without obvious purpose;
hang around
 Looting – anything taken by dishonesty, force, stealth
 Manslaughter – homicide without malice aforethought
 Mugging – assault with intent to rob
 Murder – unlawful premeditated killing of a human being by a human being ▸ verb: kill
intentionally and with premeditation
 Pilferage – The act or practice of stealing small quantities of articles from your
workplace
 Plagiarism – the act of stealing another's ideas, written passages, concepts, etc., as
one's own
 Ransack - to search thoroughly or vigorously through (a house, receptacle, etc).
 Rape – the crime of forcing a woman to submit to sexual intercourse against her will;
the act of despoiling a country in warfare; Eurasian plant cultivated for its seed and as
a forage crop ▸ verb: force (someone) to have sex against their will ("The woman was
raped on her way home at night”); destroy and strip of its possession
 Robbery – larceny by threat of violence; plundering during riots or in wartime
 Shoplifting – the act of stealing goods that are on display in a store
 Slander – words falsely spoken that damage the reputation of another; an abusive
attack on a person's character or good name ▸ verb: charge falsely or with malicious
intent; attack the good name and reputation of someone
 Smuggling – secretly importing prohibited goods or goods on which duty is due
 Snatch – to make a sudden move to seize (something), as with the hand;
grab
 Speeding – to drive a vehicle at a rate that exceeds the legal limit
 Swindle – to cheat (someone) out of money or other valuable things. To obtain by
cheating or dishonest practices
 Vandalism – willful wanton and malicious destruction of the property of others

CRIMINALS / LAW BREAKERS

 Assassin
 Arsonist
 Blackmailer
 Briber
 Burglar
 Conner
 Embezzler
 Shoplifter
 Forger
 Fraud
 Hijacker
 Hooligan
 Jaywalker
 Kidnapper
 Litter lout
 Loiterer
 Mugger
 Murderer
 Pickpocket
 Pilferer
 Poacher
 Ran sacker
 Rapist
 Robber
 Smuggler
 Snatcher
 Spy
 Swindler
 Terrorist
 Thief
 Vandal

PARTICIPANTS OF THE LEGAL PROCEDURE


 Plaintiff – person who brings an action in a court of law
 Prosecutor – a government official who conducts criminal prosecutions on behalf of the
state
 Defendant – a person or institution against whom an action is brought in a court of law;
the person being sued or accused
 Offender – a person who transgresses moral or civil law
 Attorney for the plaintiff / for defense – a professional person authorized to practice
law; conducts lawsuits or gives legal advice
 Jury – body of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presented
in a court of law; a committee appointed to judge a competition
 Witness – someone who sees an event and reports what happened; (law) a person
who attests to the genuineness of a document or signature by adding their own
signature; (law) a person who testifies under oath in a court of law
 Judge – a public official authorized to decide questions bought before a court of justice;
an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality
 Court reporter – a stenographer who records and transcribes a verbatim report of all
proceedings in a court of law

TYPES OF PUNISHMENT

 A prison sentence – a period of time in jail

 A suspended sentence – sentence that need not be served: a sentence imposed on


somebody found guilty of a crime that need not be served as long as the individual
commits no other crime during the term of the sentence
 Capital punishment – putting a condemned person to death

 Community service – an unpaid service for the benefit of the public that is performed by
lawbreakers as part (or all) of their sentence; a service that is performed for the benefit
of the public or its institutions
 Eviction – he expulsion of someone (such as a tenant) from the possession of land by
process of law; action by a landlord that compels a tenant to leave the premises (as by
rendering the premises unfit for occupancy); no physical expulsion or legal process is
involved
 Fine – money extracted as a penalty

 Internment – confinement during wartime; the act of confining someone in a prison (or
as if in a prison); placing private property in the custody of an officer of the law
 House arrest – confinement to your own home

 License suspension – sometimes a penalty for Driving under the Influence of alcohol
convictions. Administrative License Suspension (ALS), also known as administrative
license revocation, refers to temporary suspension of a driver's license by a police
officer at the scene of a suspected DUI.
 Life imprisonment – a sentence of imprisonment until death

 Probation – (law) a way of dealing with offenders without imprisoning them; a


defendant found guilty of a crime is released by the court without imprisonment subject
to conditions imposed by the court (" Probation is part of the sentencing process" ); a
trial period during which an offender has time to redeem himself or herself; a trial
period during which your character and abilities are tested to see whether you are
suitable for work or for membership
 Solitary confinement – confinement of a prisoner in isolation from other prisoners (the
act of restraining of a person's liberty by confining them)

LEGAL PROCEDURE
 To file a complaint – / to answer a complaint – The presentation by the plaintiff in a civil
action, setting forth the claim on which relief is sought. It´s a formal charge, made
under oath of the commission of a crime or other such offense.
 To issue somebody a summon – bring out a written order to somebody to appear in
court to answer a complaint
 To issue a warrant of arrest – bring out a judge's order to law enforcement officers to
arrest and bring to jail a person charged with a crime. The warrant is issued upon a
sworn declaration by the district attorney, a police officer or an alleged victim that the
accused person committed a crime.
 To indict sb. for – accuse formally of a crime
 To bring the case to court –To go before the court
 The prosecution – the institution and conduct of legal proceedings against a defendant
for criminal behavior; the lawyers acting for the state to put the case against the
defendant; the continuance of something begun with a view to its completion
 The defense – the defendant and his legal advisors collectively
 To examine a witness – question closely a person in a law court who states what they
know about a legal case or a particular person
 Direct examination / cross examination – the first examination of a witness by the party
calling the witness / the examination of a witness who has already testified in order to
check or discredit the witness's testimony, knowledge, or credibility
 To present evidence – provide all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose
truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved
 To detain a person – deprive of freedom; take into confinement
 Detention – a punishment in which a student must stay at school after others have
gone home
PENALTIES AND SENTENCES

 To bring in a verdict of guilty / not guilty


 To be found guilty / not guilty
 To acquit – pronounce not guilty of criminal charges
 To convict – find or declare guilty
 To be sentenced to jail – the legal system that allows an accused person to be
temporarily released from custody (usually on condition that a sum of money
guarantees their appearance at trial) (" He is out on bail" ); (criminal law) money that
must be forfeited by the bondsman if an accused person fails to appear in court for trial
 To release sb. on bail – release after a security has been paid (property or goods that
you promise to give to someone if you cannot pay them what you owe them: She used
her shares in the company as security against a £23 million bank loan. The hotel held
onto our baggage as security while we went to the bank to get money to pay the bill.)
 To grant probation/parole

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