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GROUP 4
Fractiles are measures of location or
position which include not only central
location but also any position based on
the number of equal divisions in a given
distribution. If we divide the distribution
into four equal divisions, then we have
quartiles denoted by Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4. The
most commonly used fractiles are the
quartiles, deciles, and percentiles.
Fractiles for Ungrouped Data
QUARTILES divide a distribution into four
equal parts. For example, Q1, or the first
quartile, locates the point which is greater
than 25% of the items in distribution.
Q3 is the 3rd quartile Q3 = 3N th item
4
This means that 75% of the observations lie
below this value.
Q2 is the 2nd quartile Q2 = 2N th item or
the median 4
87 90 95 96 97 98 98 99
100 100 100 100 100 101 101 102
102 102 103 104 105 107 110
Q1 = L+C (N/4-ΣCf<)
fc
Where ;
Q1 = is the first quartile
L = lower real limit of the first quartile
class
N = total number of cases
ΣCf< = sum of the cumulative frequencies “
lesser than” up to but below the first
quartile class
C = class interval
fc = frequency of the Q1 class
CUMULATIVE FREQ.
Cf<
CLASS LIMIT FREQUENCY
46-48 1 35
43-45 1 34
40-42 2 33
37-39 3 31
34-36 3 28
31-33 4 25
28-30 7 21
25-27 5 14
22-24 3 9
19-21 6
2
16-18 2 4
13-15 1 2
10-12 1 1
Q1 = L+C (N/4- ΣCf<)
fc
= 21.5 + 3 (8.75 – 6) N/4 = 8.75
3 L = 21.5
= 21.5 + 3 ( 2.75) ΣCf< = 6
3 fc = 3
= 21.5 + 2.75 C=3
Q1= 24.25
Q3 = L+C (3N/4- ΣCf<)
fc N/4 = 26.25
= 33.5 + 3 (26.5 – 25) L = 33.5
ΣCf< = 25
3
fc = 3
= 33.5 + 1.5
C=3
= 35
Decile
• Estimate the cumulative frequency “lesser
than”
• Look for 7N/10 or seven- tenth of the
number of cases in distribution
• Find the class limit in which the 7N/10 case
falls
• Compute D7 by using the formula;
D7 = L+C (7N/10-ΣCf<)
fc
Where ;
D7= is the seventh
L = lower real limit of the seventh decile
class
N = total number of cases
ΣCf< = sum of the cumulative frequencies “
lesser than” up to but below the first
quartile class
C = class interval
fc = frequency of the D7 class
D7 = L+C (7N/10-ΣCf<)
fc
7N/10 = 24.5
= 30.5 + 3 (24.5 – 21)
4
L = 30.5
= 30.5 + 3 (3.5) ΣCf< = 21
4 fc = 4
= 30.5 + 10.5 C=3
4 N= 35
= 30.5 + 2.625
D7= 33.125 or 33.13
Percentile
Formula;
P90 = L+C (90N/100-ΣCf<)
fc
Where ;
P90= is the ninetieth percentile
L = lower real limit of the ninetieth percentile class
N = total number of cases
ΣCf< = sum of the cumulative frequencies “ lesser than”
up to but below the ninetieth percentile class
C = class interval
fc = frequency of the P90 class
P90 = L+C (90N/100-ΣCf<) 90N/100 = 31.5
fc
solution:
= 39.5 + 3 ( 31.5 – 31)
2 L = 39.5
= 39.5 + 3 (0.5) ΣCf< = 31
2 fc = 2
= 39.5 + 1.5 C=3
2 N= 35
= 39.5 + 0.75
P90 = 40.25
On the other hand, special cases are just written as
follows
P40 = 27.5 special case
P60 = 30.5 special cases
P80 = 36.5 special cases
P40 = L+C (40N/100-ΣCf<) 40N/100 =14
fc
= 24.5 + 3 (14 – 9) L = 24.5
5 ΣCf< = 9
= 24.5 + 3 (5) fc = 5
5 C=3
= 24. 5 + 3 N= 35
P40 = 27.5
If it is a special case, the percentile value of an
upper real limit (2.75) can be determined by
dividing the ΣCf< by N times 100 or ΣCf< * 100.
N
For instance, the ΣCf< is 14 and N is 35. 14/35 *
100 equals to 40. hence, 27.5 is P40.
Another case is percentile 60 where cumulative
frequency “lesser than” is exactly 21.