ENGLISH ASSIGMENT

UNIT 4
MATHEMATICAL SYMBOL AND PROPERTY OF MATERIAL

GROUP 1:
Arya Rizqy Irangga (1831410137)
Diyah Indriya Lestari (1831410112)
Illa Fatma (
Qori’atul Amaliyah (1831410136)
Vina Purwatiningsih (1831410026)

STATE POLYTECHNIC of MALANG

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
D-III CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
2018/2019
Definition
Gasoline is a liquid fuel that we use mainly in spark-ignited internal combustion engines. It is
transparent liquid and a petroleum-derived fuel. Thus, the major constituent in this fuel is
organic compounds namely hydrocarbons. Likewise, Gasoline contains a mixture of
lightweight hydrocarbons with some additives added to enhance the desirable properties.
Moreover, crude oil or petroleum comes from earth as a natural source. We can obtain crude
oil via mining the underground levels of earth and, via oil-refining, we can produce gasoline-
like fuels. Typically, 42 gallons of crude oil yields about 19 gallons of gasoline.

Kerosene is a liquid fuel that derives from petroleum that has wide applications in industry
and household needs. It is a mixture of combustible hydrocarbon compounds. The synonyms
that we use for the same fuel are paraffin oil, lamp oil and coal oil. Moreover, it is useful in
powering jet engines, rocket engines and as a cooking and lighting oil.

Characteristic

 Gasoline

1. Easily evaporates at normal temperature.

2. Colorless, translucent and smelly.
3. Has a boiling point (70° C - 140° C).
4. Has a low density (0.60 to 0.78).
5. Can dissolve oil and rubber.
6. Produces large amounts of heat (9,500 - 10,500 kcal / kg).
7. Slightly leaving carbon after being burned.

 Kerosene:

1. Has boiling point about 175°C -284°C

2. Has specific gravity about 0.7-0.83
3. Petroleum usually contains 5-25% kerosene, while in kerosene it contains
compounds such as paraffin, naphthen, aromatics, and sulfur compounds. The
amount of the content of compound components in kerosene will affect the
properties of kerosene.
4. The properties that must be owned by kerosene are: flash point, smoke point,
thickness, sulfur content, combustion properties and distinctive odor and color.
Advantage and disadvantage

1. Price

Kerosene is more expensive than gasoline because it is no longer subsidized by the

government, kerosene is replaced by LPG gas that is subsidized by the government, besides
kerosene is increasingly scarce and rarely found because it costs more.
2. Flammability

Gasoline and kerosene, obtained from the same crude oil and the real difference lies in the
length of the hydrocarbon chain that composes them. Gasoline is easier to run out when
burned compared to kerosene because gasoline has a lower type of heat than kerosene.
Hydrocarbon chains that form compounds Gasoline (C7 to C11) is lower than the
hydrocarbon chain that forms soil oil (C12 to C15).
3. Volatility

In terms of volatility, gasoline is easier to volatile than kerosene. Because, gasoline is having
lower boiling point that’s about 70° - 140° and kerosene is having boiling point about 175° -
284°. That’s why gasoline is easier to volatile.