‘‘CONSUMERS ATTITUDE TOWARDS ADVERTISING

CAMPAIGNS ON RADIO’’

hereby declare that the dissertation report on “consumer attitude towards

advertising campaign on radio” is an original and authenticated work done by me.
I further declare that it has not been submitted elsewhere by any other person in
any of the institutes for the award of any degree or diploma.

1
Date

SYNOPSIS

i ayushi tyagi student in marketing management from its ghaziabad. the project
that i had completed during my mba is ‘‘consumers attitude towards advertising
campaigns on radio’’ .the main objectives to study this topics is to analyze the
attitude of consumer towards advertisement campaign on radio, to analyze
how many customer is actually buy products after listening radio
advertisement, consumer preferences of radio advertisement. the data i had
collected through survey. this had been a great learning experience for me in terms
of professional culture and knowledge, etiquettes and values. the content of this
project report was decided after a detailed survey and analysis of my topic.

2
 TABLE OF CONTENT

SR NO TOPICS PAGE NO

1 INTRODUCTION OF THE 6

RADIO
4 OBJECTIVES OF THE 11

STUDY
5 LITERATURE REVIEW 12

6 HISTORY 15

7 RESEARCH 31

METHODOLOGIES
8 DATA ANALYSIS 32

9 FINDING AND 47

CONCLUSION
10 SUGGESTION & 48

LIMITATION
11 BIBLIOGRAPHY 49

12 ANNEXURE 50

List of Tables/Figures/Graph
Tables/Figures/Graphs Page number
Cross tab 32 to 35
Chi square 33,34
Mannwhitney 36 to 37
Bar graph 38to 45

3
Correlation 46

INTRODUCTION OF THE COMPANY

Fever 104 FM was launched in 2006 and since then it has truly
changed the radio listening experience. Despite being one of the
newest players in the industry, Fever 104 is known today for
4
playing more music and of course quality music than any other
radio station. With the best quality and most quantity of music
on-air, constantly playing only the top contemporary hits Fever
104 FM is synonymous with less talk, more music. Fever is
also known for pioneering the concept of radio dramas in the
Industry and has repackaged great epics like Ramayana, Gandhi,
Bose and Bal Gopal for today’s youth. The station has also
offered industry’s 1st situational comedy radio series Friends in
a Metro, horror, Kya Who Sach Tha to the recently launched
radio drama based on crime, Case 104. Bollywood, sports,
music and reality on radio are the key pillars for the brand.

5
Radio is the wireless transmission of signals through free space by
electromagnetic radiation of a frequency significantly below that of visible light, in
the radio frequency range, from about 30 kHz to 300 GHz. These waves are called
radio waves. Electromagnetic radiation travels by means of oscillating
electromagnetic fields that pass through the air and the vacuum of space.

Information, such as sound, is carried by systematically changing (modulating)

some property of the radiated waves, such as their amplitude, frequency, phase, or
pulse width. When radio waves strike an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields
induce an alternating current in the conductor. The information in the waves can be
extracted and transformed back into its originalform.

Types of advertisement

Advertising is the promotion of a company's products and services carried out

primarily to drive up sales of the products and services. It is also done to build a
brand identity and communicate changes in old products or introduce new
product/services to the customers. Advertising has become an essential element of
the corporate world and hence companies allot a considerable amount of resources
towards their advertising budget. There are several reasons for advertising, some of
which are as follows:

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Increasing the sales of the product/service. Creating and maintaining a brand
identity or brand image.Communicating a change in the existing product line.
Introduction of a new product or service. Increasing the buzz-value of the brand or
the company.

Thus, there are several reasons for advertising. Similarly, there exist various media
which can be effectively used for advertising. Mentioned below are the various
categories or types of advertising. Have a look.

Print Advertising - Newspapers, Magazines, Brochures, Fliers

Print media has always been a popular advertising option. Advertising products via
newspapers or magazines is a common practice. In addition to this, the print media
also offers options like promotional brochures and fliers for advertising purposes.
Often, newspapers and magazines sell the advertising space according to the area
occupied by the advertisement, the position of the advertisement in the publication
(front page/middle page, above/below the fold), as well as the readership of the
publications. For instance, an advertisement in a relatively new and less popular
newspaper will cost far less than an advertisement in an established newspaper that
has a high readership. The price of print ads may also depend on quality of the
paper and the supplement in which they appear. For example, an advertisement in
the glossy (and popular) supplement of a newspaper costs more than one in a
supplement which uses mediocre quality paper.

Outdoor Advertising - Billboards, Kiosks, Trade-shows and Events

It makes use of several tools and techniques to attract the customers outdoors. The
most common examples of outdoor advertising are billboards, kiosks, and also
events and trade-shows organized by the company. Billboard advertising is very
popular. However it has to be really terse and catchy in order to grab the attention
of the passersby. Kiosks not only provide an easy outlet for the company's products
but also make for an effective advertising tool to promote the company's products.
Organizing special events or sponsoring them makes for an excellent advertising
opportunity and strategy. The company can organize trade fairs, or even
exhibitions for advertising their products. If not this, the company can organize
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several events that are closely associated with their field. For instance a company
that manufactures sports utilities can sponsor a sports tournament to advertise its
products.

Broadcast Advertising - Television, Radio and the Internet

Broadcast advertising is a very popular advertising medium that constitutes several
branches like television, radio or the Internet. Television advertisements have been
very popular ever since they were introduced. The cost of television advertising
often depends on the duration of the advertisement, the time of broadcast (prime
time/lull time), sometimes the show on which it will be broadcast, and of course,
the popularity of the television channel itself. The radio might have lost its charm
owing to new age media. However it remains the choice of small-scale advertisers.
Radio jingles have been very a popular advertising medium and have a large
impact on the audience, which is evident in the fact that many people still
remember and enjoy old popular radio jingles.

Covert Advertising - Advertising in Movies

Covert advertising is a unique kind of advertising in which a product or a

particular brand is incorporated in some entertainment and media channels like
movies, television shows or even sports. There is no commercial advertising as
such in the entertainment but the brand or the product is subtly (or sometimes
evidently) showcased in the entertainment show. Some of the famous examples for
this sort of advertising have to be the appearance of brand Nokia which is
displayed on Tom Cruise's phone in the movie Minority Report, or the use of
Cadillac cars in the movie Matrix Reloaded. Pay attention next time, you're sure to
come across a lot

Surrogate Advertising - Advertising Indirectly Surrogate advertising is

prominently seen in cases where advertising a particular product is banned by law.
Advertisement for products like cigarettes or alcohol which are injurious to health
are prohibited by law in several countries. Hence these companies come up with
several other products that have the same brand name and indirectly remind people
of the cigarettes or alcohol of the same brand by advertising the other products.
Common examples include Fosters and Kingfisher beer brands, which are often

8
seen to promote their brand with the help of surrogate advertising.

Public Service Advertising - Advertising for Social Causes

Public service advertising is a technique that makes use of advertising as an

effective communication medium to convey socially relevant messages about
important matters and social causes like AIDS, energy conservation, political
integrity, deforestation, illiteracy, poverty and so on. David Ogilvy who is
considered to be one of the pioneers of advertising and marketing concepts had
reportedly encouraged the use of the advertising field for a social cause. Ogilvy
once said, "Advertising justifies its existence when used in the public interest - it is
much too powerful a tool to use solely for commercial purposes.". Today, public
service advertising has been increasingly used in a non-commercial fashion in
several countries across the world in order to promote various social causes. In the
United States, radio and television stations are granted to bidders on the basis of a
fixed amount of public service advertisements aired by the channel.

CelebrityAdvertising:

Although the audience is getting smarter and smarter and the modern-day
consumer is getting immune to the exaggerated claims made in a majority of
advertisements, there exists a section of advertisers that still bank upon celebrities
and their popularity for advertising their products. Using celebrities for advertising
involves signing up celebrities for campaigns, which consist of all sorts of
advertising including, television ads or even print advertisements. How effective
these ads are, is something that each consumer himself can determine.

Each of the advertisement types mentioned has its own sub-types and rates of
effectiveness. It is the job of advertising department to figure out which type of
which medium is the best and the most feasible for the company

9
TOTAL CHANNELS ON RADIO NCR REGION

Frequency in MHz Radio Station Name

90.40 DU 90.4 FM (Delhi University)
90.40 Radio Jamia (Jamia Milia Islamiya University)
91.10 Radio City
92.70 Big FM
93.50 Red FM
94.30 Radio One
95.00 Hit FM
96.90 IIMC Radio (Indian Instt. Of Mass Comm.)
98.30 Radio Mirchi- It's Hot
102.60 AIR FM Rainbow (All India Radio)
104.00 Fever FM
104.80 Meow FM
105.60 Gyan Vani

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 Objectives of the study

 The main objectives to study this topics is to analyze the attitude of

consumer towards advertisement campaign on radio,
 to analyze how many customer is actually buy products after listening
radio advertisement,
 Consumer preferences of radio advertisement.

 Future scenario of radio advertisement

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 Literature review:

Radio Advertisements as Behavioral Driver among Urban Consumers

ACCORDING TO MR RAJGOPAL :formulation of the advertising message,
and the effectiveness of medium used to communicate it. Radio advertisements
propagating promotional messages on sales of products have quick response to the
supermarkets and department stores. Listeners of radio commercials are attracted
towards advertisements which are more entertaining while disseminating the
message. Commercial broadcasts on radio on retail prices and variety of sales
promotions induce listeners to acquire a better understanding of the end benefits
and drive cognitive effects towards making buying decisions. Advertisements on
radio are designed around the concept of customer value and focused to deal with
widespread retail competition, and knowledgeable and empowered consumers.

Impact of Radio Advertisements on Buying Behavior of Urban Commuters:

Introduction

Store promotions are competitive for retailers as more than the brands the retail
store compete in the marketplace in Latin American countries. Hence, retailers are
engaged in extensive promotional activity by advertising through all media. Radio
advertisements are largely targeted to the urban commuters. Besides media,
retailers also outsource sales promoters to deliver gifts and price lists to people at
strategic traffic points. Such promotion campaigns allow the store to increase its
turnover by achieving a higher volume of sale in the market area, an increase in the
frequency of visits, and stimulate spending by consumers in the store. Store-level
promotions through radio advertisements help urban commuters to acquire
information and take decision on buying or induce family and friends to help in
visiting stores to witness promotions and buy. The radio advertisements reinforce a
low-price positioning, a key to attract customers of price sensitive segment using
an ‘everyday low price’ or ‘everyday new promotion’ strategy. However, such a
strategy leads to an increase in sales at the expense of a substantial loss in profit in
long run (Hoch et al, 1994).

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Radio commercials hold a marginal share among the main media categories, for
example newspaper and television. However, it is still regarded as an important
and useful medium in marketing and advertising in large cities and metropolitans.
The broadcast of commercials on radio needs real feel orientation and voice is the
single major determinant that draws the attention of listeners. Programs on sales
and market news are the principal preferences of urban commuters for large metro
radio stations (Parker, 1993). The majority of short and informative advertisements
for consumer products in an urban setting use radio advertising with
communication appeal related to the efficacy of products and psychosocial
enhancement of consumers at retail outlets. Promotional efforts by manufacturing
and retailing companies appear to focus on positive emotional appeal to influence
consumers through radio advertisements (Yusuff and Yusuf, 2009).
3
Though the print and television media has taken the major share of revenue from
commercials, advertisements on radio still hold audience of large cities. However,
little research has been published on the impact of commercial broadcast by AM or
FM radio on urban consumers. Most studies did not consider radio and outdoor
advertising as principal research agenda, despite their importance in business
communication, consumer behavior and towards sale stimulation for retailers
(Mulhern, 1997; Volle, 2001).This paper aims at analyzing the impact of radio
advertisements on urban commuters towards buying behavior in retail stores. The
study attempts to determine the role of radio advertising supported by outdoor
advertising by retailing firms on situational variables on re-dissemination of
information, the store choice and buying preferences based on empirical
investigation in Mexico City. The moderating role of individual variables such a
past buying behavior and psychodynamics also been discussed in the study in the
context of the radio commercials and outdoor advertising. Accordingly, this paper
contributes to the existing literature on the subject.

Conclusions
Radio is an ideal media for marketing fast moving consumer goods because it can
reach wide targeted listener demographics in urban habitat. Media preferences
have revived radio listening as source of mobile entrainment among urban
commuter. Radio advertisements that are anchored using new approaches have
emerged as purposeful cross-cultural communication and public hearing
(O’Donnell, 2009). This study on impact of radio advertisements on consumer
behavior revealed that advantage shopping at retail stores in response to radio
advertisements is highly influenced by the physical, cognitive and economic
variables. In analyzing the relationship between firms' sales and advertising this
13
study differentiates between the type and content formulation of the advertising
message, and the effectiveness of medium used to communicate it. Radio
advertisements propagating promotional messages on sales of products have quick
response to the supermarkets and department stores. Listeners of radio
commercials are attracted towards advertisements which are more entertaining
while disseminating the message. Commercial broadcasts on radio on retail prices
and variety of sales promotions induce listeners to acquire a better understanding
of the end benefits and drive cognitive effects towards making buying decisions.
Advertisements on radio are designed around the concept of customer value and
focused to deal with widespread retail competition, and knowledgeable and
empowered consumers.

HISTORY

19TH CENTURY

Main article: Invention of radio

The meaning and usage of the word "radio" has developed in parallel with
developments within the field of communications and can be seen to have three
distinct phases: electromagnetic waves and experimentation; wireless
communication and technical development; and radio broadcasting and
commercialization. Many individuals—inventors, engineers, developers,
businessmen - contributed to produce the modern idea of radio and thus the origins
14
and 'invention' are multiple and controversial. Early radio designs could not
transmit sound or speech and were called the "wireless telegraph."

Development from a laboratory demonstration to a commercial entity spanned

several decades and required the efforts of many practitioners. In 1878, David E.
Hughes noticed that sparks could be heard in a telephone receiver when
experimenting with his carbon microphone. He developed this carbon-based
detector further and eventually could detect signals over a few hundred yards. He
demonstrated his discovery to the Royal Society in 1880, but was told it was
merely induction, and therefore abandoned further research.

Experiments were undertaken by Thomas Edison and his employees of Menlo

Park. Edison applied in 1885 to the U.S. Patent Office for a patent on an
electrostatic coupling system between elevated terminals. The patent was granted
as U.S. Patent 465,971 on December 29, 1891. The Marconi Company would later
purchase rights to the Edison patent to protect them legally from lawsuits

In 1893, in St. Louis, Missouri, Nikola Tesla made devices for his experiments
with electricity. Addressing the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia and the National
Electric Light Association, he described and demonstrated the principles of his
wireless work.[8] The descriptions contained all the elements that were later
incorporated into radio systems before the development of the vacuum tube. He
initially experimented with magnetic receivers, unlike the coherers (detecting
devices consisting of tubes filled with iron filings which had been invented by
Themistocles Calzecchi-Onesti at Fermo in Italy in 1884) used by Guglielmo
Marconi and other early experimenters.[9]

A demonstration of wireless telegraphy took place in the lecture theater of the

Oxford University Museum of Natural History on August 14, 1894, carried out by
Professor Oliver Lodge and Alexander Muirhead. During the demonstration a
radio signal was sent from the neighboring Clarendon laboratory building, and
received by apparatus in the lecture theater.

In November 1894 public demonstration at Town Hall of Kolkata, Jagadish

Chandra Bose ignited gunpowder and rang a bell at a distance using millimeter
range wavelength microwaves. Bose wrote in a Bengali essay, Adrisya Alok
(Invisible Light), “The invisible light can easily pass through brick walls, buildings

15
etc. Therefore, messages can be transmitted by means of it without the mediation
of wires.” Bose’s first scientific paper, “On polarization of electric rays by double-
refracting crystals” was communicated to the Asiatic Society of Bengal in May
1895. His second paper was communicated to the Royal Society of London by
Lord Rayleigh in October 1895. In December 1895, the London journal the
Electrician (Vol. 36) published Bose’s paper, “On a new electro-polariscope”. At
that time, the word ‘coherer’, coined by Lodge, was used in the English-speaking
world for Hertzian wave receivers or detectors. The Electrician readily commented
on Bose’s coherer. (December 1895). The Englishman (18 January 1896) quoted
from the Electrician and commented as follows:”Should Professor Bose succeed in
perfecting and patenting his ‘Coherer’, we may in time see the whole system of
coast lighting throughout the navigable world revolutionised by a Bengali scientist
working single handed in our Presidency College Laboratory.” Bose planned to
“perfect his coherer” but never thought of patenting it.

In 1895 Alexander Stepanovich Popov built his first radio receiver, which
contained a coherer. Further refined as a lightning detector, it was presented to the
Russian Physical and Chemical Society on May 7, 1895. A depiction of Popov's
lightning detector was printed in the Journal of the Russian Physical and Chemical
Society the same year. Until recently, mistakenly believed that it was the first
description (publication of the minutes 15/201 of this session — December issue
of the journal RPCS[10]), but in fact the first description of the device gave Dmitry
Aleksandrovich Lachinov in July 1895 in the 2nd edition of his course
"Fundamentals of Meteorology and climatology" — the first in Russia. [11][12]
Popov's receiver was created on the improved basis of Lodge's receiver, and
originally intended for reproduction of its experiments.

Marconi was the first scientist to achieve successful radio transmission. [13] In 1895,
Marconi built a wireless system capable of transmitting signals at long distances
(1.5 mi./ 2.4 km).[14][15] In radio transmission technology, early public
experimenters had made short distance broadcasts.[16] Marconi achieved long range
signalling due to a wireless transmitting apparatus and a radio receiver claimed by
him.[17][18] From Marconi's experiments, the phenomenon that transmission range is
proportional to the square of antenna height is known as "Marconi's law."[19]

Marconi's experimental apparatus proved to be the

first engineering complete, commercially successful
radio transmission system.[18][20][21] According to the
Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute in
1899, the Marconi instruments had a "[...] coherer,
16
principle of which was discovered some twenty years ago, [and was] the only
electrical instrument or device contained in the apparatus that is at all new."[22]

Telephone Herald in Budapest, Hungary (1901).

In 1896, Marconi was awarded British patent 12039, Improvements in transmitting

electrical impulses and signals and in apparatus there-for, for radio. In 1897, he
established a radio station on the Isle of Wight, England. Marconi opened his
"wireless" factory in the former silk-works at Hall Street, Chelmsford, England in
1898, employing around 60 people. Shortly after the 1900s, Marconi held the
patent rights for radio.

20TH CENTURY

In 1900, Brazilian priest Roberto Landell de Moura transmitted the human voice
by wireless. According the newspaper Jornal do Comercio (June 10, 1900), he
conducted his first public experiment on June 3, 1900, in front of journalists and
the General Consul of Great Britain, C.P. Lupton, in São Paulo, Brazil, for a
distance of approximately 8 km. The points of transmission and reception were
Alto de Santana and Paulista Avenue.[23]

One year after that experiment, he received his first patent from the Brazilian
government. It was described as "equipment for the purpose of phonetic
transmissions through space, land and water elements at a distance with or without
the use of wires." Four months later, knowing that his invention had real value, he
left Brazil for the United States of America with the intent of patenting the
machine at the US Patent Office in Washington, DC.

Having few resources, he had to rely on friends to push his project. In spite of
great difficulty, three patents were awarded: "The Wave Transmitter" (October 11,
1904) which is the precursor of today's radio transceiver; "The Wireless
Telephone" and the "Wireless Telegraph," both dated November 22, 1904.

17
"The Wireless Telephone" U S Patent Office in
Washington, DC

In June 1912 after the RMS Titanic disaster, due to

increased production Marconi opened the world's
first purpose-built radio factory at New Street
Works, also in Chelmsford, England.

The next advancement was the vacuum tube

detector, invented by Westinghouse engineers. On
Christmas Eve 1906, Reginald Fessenden used a
synchronous rotary-spark transmitter for the first
radio program broadcast, from Ocean Bluff-Brant
Rock, Massachusetts. Ships at sea heard a broadcast
that included Fessenden playing O Holy Night on the violin and reading a passage
from the Bible.[24]

This was, for all intents and purposes, the first transmission of what is now known
as amplitude modulation or AM radio. The first radio news program was broadcast
August 31, 1920 by station 8MK in Detroit, Michigan, which survives today as all-
news format station WWJ under ownership of the CBS network. The first college
radio station began broadcasting on October 14, 1920 from Union College,
Schenectady, New York under the personal call letters of Wendell King, an
African-American student at the school.[24]

That month 2ADD (renamed WRUC in 1947), aired what is believed to be the first
public entertainment broadcast in the United States, a series of Thursday night
concerts initially heard within a 100-mile (160 km) radius and later for a 1,000-
mile (1,600 km) radius. In November 1920, it aired the first broadcast of a sporting
event.[24][25] At 9 pm on August 27, 1920, Sociedad Radio Argentina aired a live
performance of Richard Wagner's opera Parsifal from the Coliseo Theater in
downtown Buenos Aires. Only about twenty homes in the city had receivers to
tune in this radio program. Meanwhile, regular entertainment broadcasts
commenced in 1922 from the Marconi Research Centre at Writtle, England.

Sports broadcasting began at this time as well, including the college football on
radio broadcast of a 1921 West Virginia vs. Pittsburgh football game.[26]
18
In 1943, the United States Supreme Court invalidated one of the Marconi patents,
number 763,772 (1904), on the basis it had been anticipated by Tesla, Lodge, and
others. After years of patent battles by Marconi's company, the United States
Supreme Court, in the 1943 case of Marconi Wireless Telegraph co. of America v.
United States, 320 U.S. 1 (1943), said that "it is now held that in the important
advance upon his basic patent Marconi did nothing that had not already been seen
and disclosed."[27][28][29]

Although Marconi claimed that he had no knowledge of prior art regarding

adjustable "four-circuit" transformer configuration for
radio transmission and reception, the Supreme Court
considered his claim false.[30] In addition to that ruling
from the Supreme Court, the United States Court of
Claims invalidated the fundamental 1935 Marconi
patent.[31] The 1943 decision didn't overturn Marconi's
original patents, or his reputation as the first person to
develop practical radiotelegraphic communication. It
just said that the adoption of adjustable transformers in
the transmitting and receiving circuits, which was an
improvement of the initial invention, was anticipated by
patents issued to Oliver Lodge and John Stone Stone.
(This decision wasn't unanimous)[32]

An American middle-class girl listens to a radio during the Great Depression.

In contrast, related developments in the United Kingdom saw the High Court of
Justice uphold Marconi's British Patent, issued on April 26, 1900. This patent
disclosed a four-circuit system, which was strikingly similar to a four-circuit
system disclosed in U.S. patent #645,576 that was issued earlier to Tesla on March
20, 1900. It must be emphasized that Tesla's patent was not meant to be used in a
radio transmission apparatus and it didn't exhibit any presence of a variable
inductance for varying the tuning frequency of the four circuits. This is not
surprising since Tesla had only a barely understanding of electromagnetic radio
physic[dubious – discuss] and at least through 1919, he didn't believe that the radio signals
predicted by Maxwell and experimentally shown by Hertz really existed. On the
matter of invention, it is held that Marconi knowingly and unknowingly used the
scientific and experimental work of others who were devising their own radio
19
tuning apparatus' around the same time, such as the work of American electrical
engineer John Stone Stone who was issued several U.S. patents between 1904 and
1908. However, what made Marconi more successful than any other was his ability
to commercialize radio and its associated equipment into a global business. [33][dubious
– discuss]

One of the first developments in the early 20th century was that aircraft used
commercial AM radio stations for navigation. This continued until the early 1960s
when VOR systems became widespread.[34] In the early 1930s, single sideband and
frequency modulation were invented by amateur radio operators. By the end of the
decade, they were established commercial modes. Radio was used to transmit
pictures visible as television as early as the 1920s. Commercial television
transmissions started in North America and Europe in the 1940s.

The Regency TR-1 which used Texas Instruments' NPN

transistors was the world's first commercially produced
transistor radio.

In 1954, the Regency company introduced a pocket

transistor radio, the TR-1, powered by a "standard 22.5 V
Battery." In 1955, the newly formed Sony company
introduced its first transistorized radio.[35] It was small
enough to fit in a vest pocket, powered by a small battery.
It was durable, because it had no vacuum tubes to burn out. Over the next 20 years,
transistors replaced tubes almost completely except for high-power transmitters.

By 1963, color television was being broadcast commercially (though not all
broadcasts or programs were in color), and the first (radio) communication
satellite, Telstar, was launched. In the late 1960s, the U.S. long-distance telephone
network began to convert to a digital network, employing digital radios for many
of its links. In the 1970s, LORAN became the premier radio navigation system.

Soon, the U.S. Navy experimented with satellite navigation, culminating in the
launch of the Global Positioning System (GPS) constellation in 1987. In the early
1990s, amateur radio experimenters began to use personal computers with audio
cards to process radio signals. In 1994, the U.S. Army and DARPA launched an
aggressive, successful project to construct a software-defined radio that can be
20
programmed to be virtually any radio by changing its software program. Digital
transmissions began to be applied to broadcasting in the late 1990s.

USES OF RADIO

Early uses were maritime, for sending telegraphic messages using Morse code
between ships and land. The earliest users included the Japanese Navy scouting the
Russian fleet during the Battle of Tsushima in 1905. One of the most memorable
uses of marine telegraphy was during the sinking of the RMS Titanic in 1912,
including communications between operators on the sinking ship and nearby
vessels, and communications to shore stations listing the survivors.

Radio was used to pass on orders and communications between armies and navies
on both sides in World War I; Germany used radio communications for diplomatic
messages once it discovered that its submarine cables had been tapped by the
British. The United States passed on President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points
to Germany via radio during the war. Broadcasting began from San Jose,
California in 1909,[36] and became feasible in the 1920s, with the widespread
introduction of radio receivers, particularly in Europe and the United States.
Besides broadcasting, point-to-point broadcasting, including telephone messages
and relays of radio programs, became widespread in the 1920s and 1930s. Another
use of radio in the pre-war years was the development of detection and locating of
aircraft and ships by the use of radar (RAdio Detection And Ranging).

Today, radio takes many forms, including wireless networks and mobile
communications of all types, as well as radio broadcasting. Before the advent of
television, commercial radio broadcasts included not only news and music, but
dramas, comedies, variety shows, and many other forms of entertainment (the era
from the late 1920s to the mid-1950s is commonly called radio's "Golden Age").
Radio was unique among methods of dramatic presentation in that it used only
sound. For more, see radio programming.

AUDIO

A Fisher 500 AM/FM hi-fi receiver from 1959.

21
AM radio uses amplitude modulation, in which the amplitude of the transmitted
signal is made proportional to the sound amplitude captured (transduced) by the
microphone, while the transmitted frequency remains unchanged. Transmissions
are affected by static and interference because lightning and other sources of radio
emissions on the same frequency add their amplitudes to the original transmitted
amplitude.

In the early part of the 20th century, American AM radio stations broadcast with
powers as high as 500 kW, and some could be heard worldwide; these stations'
transmitters were commandeered for military use by the US Government during
World War II. Currently, the maximum broadcast power for
a civilian AM radio station in the United States and Canada
is 50 kW, and the majority of stations that emit signals this
powerful were grandfathered in (see List of 50 kW AM
radio stations in the United States). In 1986 KTNN received
the last granted 50,000 watt license. These 50 kW stations
are generally called "clear channel" stations (not to be
confused with Clear Channel Communications), because
within North America each of these stations has exclusive
use of its broadcast frequency throughout part or all of the
broadcast day.

Bush House,old home of the BBC World Service.

FM broadcast radio sends music and voice with higher fidelity than AM radio. In
frequency modulation, amplitude variation at the microphone causes the
transmitter frequency to fluctuate. Because the audio signal modulates the
frequency and not the amplitude, an FM signal is not subject to static and
interference in the same way as AM signals. Due to its need for a wider bandwidth,
FM is transmitted in the Very High Frequency (VHF, 30 MHz to 300 MHz) radio
spectrum.

VHF radio waves act more like light, traveling in straight lines; hence the
reception range is generally limited to about 50–200 miles. During unusual upper
atmospheric conditions, FM signals are occasionally reflected back towards the
Earth by the ionosphere, resulting in long distance FM reception. FM receivers are
subject to the capture effect, which causes the radio to only receive the strongest
22
signal when multiple signals appear on the same frequency. FM receivers are
relatively immune to lightning and spark interference.

High power is useful in penetrating buildings, diffracting around hills, and

refracting in the dense atmosphere near the horizon for some distance beyond the
horizon. Consequently, 100,000 watt FM stations can regularly be heard up to 100
miles (160 km) away, and farther (e.g., 150 miles, 240 km) if there are no
competing signals.

A few old, "grandfathered" stations do not conform to these power rules. WBCT-
FM (93.7) in Grand Rapids, Michigan, US, runs 320,000 watts ERP, and can
increase to 500,000 watts ERP by the terms of its original license. Such a huge
power level does not usually help to increase range as much as one might expect,
because VHF frequencies travel in nearly straight lines over the horizon and off
into space. Nevertheless, when there were fewer FM stations competing, this
station could be heard near Bloomington, Illinois, US, almost 300 miles (500 km)
away.[citation needed]

FM subcarrier services are secondary signals transmitted in a "piggyback" fashion

along with the main program. Special receivers are required to utilize these
services. Analog channels may contain alternative programming, such as reading
services for the blind, background music or stereo sound signals. In some
extremely crowded metropolitan areas, the sub-channel program might be an
alternate foreign-language radio program for various ethnic groups. Sub-carriers
can also transmit digital data, such as station identification, the current song's
name, web addresses, or stock quotes. In some countries, FM radios automatically
re-tune themselves to the same channel in a different district by using sub-bands.

Aviation voice radios use VHF AM. AM is used so that multiple stations on the
same channel can be received. (Use of FM would result in stronger stations
blocking out reception of weaker stations due to FM's capture effect). Aircraft fly
high enough that their transmitters can be received hundreds of miles (or
kilometres) away, even though they are using VHF.

Degen DE1103, an advanced world mini-receiver

with single sideband modulation and dual
conversion
23
Marine voice radios can use single sideband voice (SSB) in the shortwave High
Frequency (HF—3 MHz to 30 MHz) radio spectrum for very long ranges or
narrowband FM in the VHF spectrum for much shorter ranges. Narrowband FM
sacrifices fidelity to make more channels available within the radio spectrum, by
using a smaller range of radio frequencies, usually with five kHz of deviation,
versus the 75 kHz used by commercial FM broadcasts, and 25 kHz used for TV
sound.

Government, police, fire and commercial voice services also use narrowband FM
on special frequencies. Early police radios used AM receivers to receive one-way
dispatches.

Civil and military HF (high frequency) voice services use shortwave radio to
contact ships at sea, aircraft and isolated settlements. Most use single sideband
voice (SSB), which uses less bandwidth than AM. On an AM radio SSB sounds
like ducks quacking, or the adults in a Charlie Brown cartoon. Viewed as a graph
of frequency versus power, an AM signal shows power where the frequencies of
the voice add and subtract with the main radio frequency. SSB cuts the bandwidth
in half by suppressing the carrier and one of the sidebands. This also makes the
transmitter about three times more powerful, because it doesn't need to transmit the
unused carrier and sideband.

TETRA, Terrestrial Trunked Radio is a digital cell phone system for military,
police and ambulances. Commercial services such as XM, WorldSpace and Sirius
offer encrypted digital Satellite radio.

TELEPHONY

Mobile phones transmit to a local cell site (transmitter/receiver) that ultimately

connects to the public switched telephone network (PSTN) through an optic fiber
or microwave radio and other network elements. When the mobile phone nears the
edge of the cell site's radio coverage area, the central computer switches the phone
to a new cell. Cell phones originally used FM, but now most use various digital
modulation schemes. Recent developments in Sweden (such as DROPme) allow
for the instant downloading of digital material from a radio broadcast (such as a
song) to a mobile phone.

Satellite phones use satellites rather than cell towers to communicate.

VIDEO
24
Television sends the picture as AM and the sound as AM or FM, with the sound
carrier a fixed frequency (4.5 MHz in the NTSC system) away from the video
carrier. Analog television also uses a vestigial sideband on the video carrier to
reduce the bandwidth required.

Digital television uses 8VSB modulation in North America (under the ATSC
digital television standard), and COFDM modulation elsewhere in the world (using
the DVB-T standard). A Reed–Solomon error correction code adds redundant
correction codes and allows reliable reception during moderate data loss. Although
many current and future codecs can be sent in the MPEG transport stream
container format, as of 2006 most systems use a standard-definition format almost
identical to DVD: MPEG-2 video in Anamorphic widescreen and MPEG layer 2
(MP2) audio. High-definition television is possible simply by using a higher-
resolution picture, but H.264/AVC is being considered as a replacement video
codec in some regions for its improved compression. With the compression and
improved modulation involved, a single "channel" can contain a high-definition
program and several standard-definition programs.

NAVIGATION

All satellite navigation systems use satellites with precision clocks. The satellite
transmits its position, and the time of the transmission. The receiver listens to four
satellites, and can figure its position as being on a line that is tangent to a spherical
shell around each satellite, determined by the time-of-flight of the radio signals
from the satellite. A computer in the receiver does the math.

Radio direction-finding is the oldest form of radio navigation. Before 1960

navigators used movable loop antennas to locate commercial AM stations near
cities. In some cases they used marine radiolocation beacons, which share a range
of frequencies just above AM radio with amateur radio operators. LORAN systems
also used time-of-flight radio signals, but from radio stations on the ground.

VOR (Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range), systems (used by aircraft),

have an antenna array that transmits two signals simultaneously. A directional
signal rotates like a lighthouse at a fixed rate. When the directional signal is facing
north, an omnidirectional signal pulses. By measuring the difference in phase of
these two signals, an aircraft can determine its bearing or radial from the station,
thus establishing a line of position. An aircraft can get readings from two VORs
and locate its position at the intersection of the two radials, known as a "fix."

25
When the VOR station is collocated with DME (Distance Measuring Equipment),
the aircraft can determine its bearing and range from the station, thus providing a
fix from only one ground station. Such stations are called VOR/DMEs. The
military operates a similar system of navaids, called TACANs, which are often
built into VOR stations. Such stations are called VORTACs. Because TACANs
include distance measuring equipment, VOR/DME and VORTAC stations are
identical in navigation potential to civil aircraft.

RADAR

Radar (Radio Detection And Ranging) detects objects at a distance by bouncing

radio waves off them. The delay caused by the echo measures the distance. The
direction of the beam determines the direction of the reflection. The polarization
and frequency of the return can sense the type of surface. Navigational radars scan
a wide area two to four times per minute. They use very short waves that reflect
from earth and stone. They are common on commercial ships and long-distance
commercial aircraft.

General purpose radars generally use navigational radar frequencies, but modulate
and polarize the pulse so the receiver can determine the type of surface of the
reflector. The best general-purpose radars distinguish the rain of heavy storms, as
well as land and vehicles. Some can superimpose sonar data and map data from
GPS position.

Search radars scan a wide area with pulses of short radio waves. They usually scan
the area two to four times a minute. Sometimes search radars use the Doppler
effect to separate moving vehicles from clutter. Targeting radars use the same
principle as search radar but scan a much smaller area far more often, usually
several times a second or more. Weather radars resemble search radars, but use
radio waves with circular polarization and a wavelength to reflect from water
droplets. Some weather radar use the Doppler effect to measure wind speeds.

DATA (DIGITAL RADIO)

2008 Pure One Classic digital radio

26
Most new radio systems are digital, see also: Digital TV, Satellite Radio, Digital
Audio Broadcasting. The oldest form of digital broadcast was spark gap
telegraphy, used by pioneers such as Marconi. By pressing the key, the operator
could send messages in Morse code by energizing a rotating commutating spark
gap. The rotating commutator produced a tone in the receiver, where a simple
spark gap would produce a hiss, indistinguishable from static. Spark-gap
transmitters are now illegal, because their transmissions span several hundred
megahertz. This is very wasteful of both radio frequencies and power.

The next advance was continuous wave telegraphy, or CW (Continuous Wave), in

which a pure radio frequency, produced by a vacuum tube electronic oscillator was
switched on and off by a key. A receiver with a local oscillator would "heterodyne"
with the pure radio frequency, creating a whistle-like audio tone. CW uses less
than 100 Hz of bandwidth. CW is still used, these days primarily by amateur radio
operators (hams). Strictly, on-off keying of a carrier should be known as
"Interrupted Continuous Wave" or ICW or on-off keying (OOK).

Radioteletype equipment usually operates on short-wave (HF) and is much loved

by the military because they create written information without a skilled operator.
They send a bit as one of two tones using frequency-shift keying. Groups of five or
seven bits become a character printed by a teleprinter. From about 1925 to 1975,
radioteletype was how most commercial messages were sent to less developed
countries. These are still used by the military and weather services.

Aircraft use a 1200 Baud radioteletype service over VHF to send their ID, altitude
and position, and get gate and connecting-flight data. Microwave dishes on
satellites, telephone exchanges and TV stations usually use quadrature amplitude
modulation (QAM). QAM sends data by changing both the phase and the
amplitude of the radio signal. Engineers like QAM because it packs the most bits
into a radio signal when given an exclusive (non-shared) fixed narrowband
frequency range. Usually the bits are sent in "frames" that repeat. A special bit
pattern is used to locate the beginning of a frame.

Modern GPS receivers.

Communication systems that limit themselves to a

fixed narrowband frequency range are vulnerable to
27
jamming. A variety of jamming-resistant spread spectrum techniques were initially
developed for military use, most famously for Global Positioning System satellite
transmissions. Commercial use of spread spectrum began in the 1980s. Bluetooth,
most cell phones, and the 802.11b version of Wi-Fi each use various forms of
spread spectrum.

Systems that need reliability, or that share their frequency with other services, may
use "coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing" or COFDM. COFDM
breaks a digital signal into as many as several hundred slower subchannels. The
digital signal is often sent as QAM on the subchannels. Modern COFDM systems
use a small computer to make and decode the signal with digital signal processing,
which is more flexible and far less expensive than older systems that implemented
separate electronic channels.

COFDM resists fading and ghosting because the narrow-channel QAM signals can
be sent slowly. An adaptive system, or one that sends error-correction codes can
also resist interference, because most interference can affect only a few of the
QAM channels. COFDM is used for Wi-Fi, some cell phones, Digital Radio
Mondiale, Eureka 147, and many other local area network, digital TV and radio
standards.

HEATING

Radio-frequency energy generated for heating of objects is generally not intended

to radiate outside of the generating equipment, to prevent interference with other
radio signals. Microwave ovens use intense radio waves to heat food. Diathermy
equipment is used in surgery for sealing of blood vessels. Induction furnaces are
used for melting metal for casting, and induction hobs for cooking.

AMATEUR RADIO SERVICE

Amateur radio station with multiple receivers and

transceivers

Amateur radio, also known as "ham radio," is a

hobby in which enthusiasts are licensed to
communicate on a number of bands in the radio
28
frequency spectrum non-commercially and for their own enjoyment. They may
also provide emergency and public service assistance. This has been very
beneficial in emergencies, saving lives in many instances.[37]

Radio amateurs use a variety of modes, including nostalgic ones like Morse code
and experimental ones like Low-Frequency Experimental Radio. Several forms of
radio were pioneered by radio amateurs and later became commercially important,
including FM, single-sideband (SSB), AM, digital packet radio and satellite
repeaters. Some amateur frequencies may be disrupted illegally by power-line
internet service.

UNLICENSED RADIO SERVICES

Unlicensed, government-authorized personal radio services such as Citizens' band

radio in Australia, the US, and Europe, and Family Radio Service and Multi-Use
Radio Service in North America exist to provide simple, (usually) short range
communication for individuals and small groups, without the overhead of
licensing. Similar services exist in other parts of the world. These radio services
involve the use of handheld units.

Free radio stations, sometimes called pirate radio or "clandestine" stations, are
unauthorized, unlicensed, illegal broadcasting stations. These are often low power
transmitters operated on sporadic schedules by hobbyists, community activists, or
political and cultural dissidents. Some pirate stations operating offshore in parts of
Europe and the United Kingdom more closely resembled legal stations,
maintaining regular schedules, using high power, and selling commercial
advertising time.[38][39]

RADIO CONTROL (RC)

Radio remote controls use radio waves to transmit control data to a remote object
as in some early forms of guided missile, some early TV remotes and a range of
model boats, cars and airplanes. Large industrial remote-controlled equipment such
as cranes and switching locomotives now usually use digital radio techniques to
ensure safety and reliability.

In Madison Square Garden, at the Electrical Exhibition of 1898, Nikola Tesla

successfully demonstrated a radio-controlled boat.[40] He was awarded U.S. patent
No. 613,809 for a "Method of and Apparatus for Controlling Mechanism of
Moving Vessels or Vehicles."
29
 METHODOLOGY

a. Research Design:

Exploratory design

b. Sample Design:
i. Sample Size: Total number of respondents= 100
ii. Sampling Technique: convenience sampling
iii. Sampling Area: Ghaziabad
iv. Sample unit : students , private employee, businessmen

c. Data Collection:
i. Sources: Survey
ii. Tools: Questionnaire

d. Data Analysis:
Statistical Tools: crosstab, chisquare, mannwhitney test, bar graph,
correlation

30
 DATA ANALYSIS:

Cross tabulation:
Question 1
Case Processing Summary

Cases

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

gender *
101 100.0% 0 .0% 101 100.0%
q1

gender * q1 Cross tabulation

Count

q1

1 2 Total

gender 1 51 0 51

2 48 2 50

Total 99 2 101

31
Chi-Square Tests

Exact
Asymp. Sig. Exact Sig. Sig. (1-
Value df (2-sided) (2-sided) sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 2.081a 1 .149

Continuity
.531 1 .466
Correction

Likelihood Ratio 2.854 1 .091

Fisher's Exact Test .243 .243

Linear-by-Linear
2.061 1 .151
Association

N of Valid Casesb 101

Here out of the total 101 respondent the male are 51 and female are 50. the
total female who listen radio is 48 and male is 51

H0: no relationship exist between gender and listener of radio

H1: relationship exist between gender and listener of radio

Here the p value is more than .05 then accept H0.hence no relationship exist
between gender and listeners of radio

32
Q3:
Case Processing Summary

Cases

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

occupation *
101 100.0% 0 .0% 101 100.0%
q3

occupation * q3 Cross tabulation

Count

q3

1 2 3 4 5 Total

Occupatio 1 12 4 6 19 29 70
n
2 0 0 4 0 0 4

3 0 0 0 2 0 2

4 3 0 2 4 10 19

5 0 0 0 0 6 6

Total 15 4 12 25 45 101

33
chi-Square Tests

Asymp. Sig.
Value df (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square 46.141a 16 .000

Likelihood Ratio 35.991 16 .003

Linear-by-Linear
2.929 1 .087
Association

N of Valid Cases 101

Ho: no relation exist between occupation and timing

H1: relationship exist between occupation and timing

Here the p value is less then alpha which 0.000 so accept H1 is. Here the
relationship exists between the occupation and timing.

34
  Mann-Whitney Test
Ranks

Gender N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

q7 1 51 46.49 2371.00

2 50 55.60 2780.00

Total 101

q8 1 51 52.34 2669.50

2 50 49.63 2481.50

Total 101

q9 1 51 42.80 2183.00

2 50 59.36 2968.00

Total 101

q10 1 51 52.17 2660.50

2 50 49.81 2490.50

Total 101

35
Test Statistics

q7 q8 q9 q10

Mann-Whitney U 1.045E3 1.206E3 857.000 1.216E3

Wilcoxon W 2.371E3 2.482E3 2.183E3 2.490E3

Z -1.614 -.490 -3.032 -.424

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .106 .624 .002 .671

Q7*GENDER:

h0; no difference in the level of attitude of purchasing in the gender

h1: difference in the level of attitude of purchasing within the gender

here 50 female have mean rank of 55.60 and 51 male having mean rank of 46.49

the group with higher average rank is female which have 2669.50 which is >
female which having 22481.50

and here pvalue is .106 WHICH GREATER THAN .05 so accept h1 rejct h0 . so
difference exist in the level of purchasing within the gender

Q8*GENDER:

h0; no difference in the impact of advertisement within the gender

h1: difference the impact of advertisement within the gender

Here 50 female have mean rank of 49.63 and 51 male having mean rank of 52.34

The group with higher average rank is female which have 2968.00which is > male
which having 2371.00

36
and here pvalue is .624 WHICH GREATER THAN .05 so accept h1 reject h0 . So
difference in the impact of advertisement within the gender

Q9*GENDER:

h0; no difference in preference due to advertisement on the gender

h1: difference in preference due to advertisement on the gender

here 50 female have mean rank 59.36 and 51 male having mean rank of42.80

the group with higher average rank is female which have 29680.00 which is >
male which having 2183.00

and here pvalue is .002 WHICH less THAN .05 so accept h0 rejct h1 . So no
difference in preference due to advertisement on the gender

Q10*GENDER:

h0; no difference in the message clearance of advertisement on the gender

h1: difference in the message clearance of advertisement on the gender

here 50 female have mean rank of 49.81 and 51 male having mean rank of 52.17

the group with higher average rank is male which have 2660.50 which is > female
which having 2490.50

and here pvalue is .671 WHICH GREATER THAN .05 so accept h1 rejct h0 . So
difference in the message clearance of advertisement on the gender

37
Bar Chart

38
AGE : HERE IT SHOWS THAT MAXIMUM REPONDENT IS FROM THE AGE OF 21-30

GENDER: HERE IT SHOWS THAT MAXIMUM IS MALE THEN FEMALE

OCCCUPATION: HERE THIS BAR SHOWS THAT MAXIMUM RESPONDENT IS

BUSSINESS MAN, THEN STUDENT

INCOME: THE INCOME LEVEL IS MORE

39
Q1 :HERE THE MAXIMUM RESPONDENT IS LISTEN RADIO

Q2: THEN MAXIMUM CHANNEL IS LISTENED BY THE RESPONDENT IS 95 THEN

93.5

40
Q3 HERE THE REPONDENT PREFER ANYTIME TO LISTEN RADIO

Q4: HERE IT SHOWS THE MAXIMUM RESPONDENT LISTEN FOR

ENTERTAINTEMENT

41
Q5 : HERE IT SHOWS THE RESPONDENT QUICKLY CHANGE FM BY SONG CHANGE

Q6: HERE IT SHOWS THE BEST MEDIA FOR ADVERTISMENT IS INTERNET MEDIA

42
Q8:radio advertisement does not impact on product purchasing of listeners

43
Q9: neither agree nor disagree radio advertisement clear with their mmessage

Q10: after listening radio consumer prefer to buy product

44
Correlations

Correlations

q7 q8 q9 q10

q7 Pearson Correlation 1 .514** .670** .195

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .051

N 101 101 101 101

q8 Pearson Correlation .514** 1 .577** .365**

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000

N 101 101 101 101

q9 Pearson Correlation .670** .577** 1 .230*

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .021

N 101 101 101 101

q10 Pearson Correlation .195 .365** .230* 1

Sig. (2-tailed) .051 .000 .021

N 101 101 101 101

Here q7 is correlated with q8 and q9. q8 is correlated with q7, q9 and q10. Q9 is correlated with q7
and q8. And q10 is correlated with q8.

So we can club these variables with each other.

FINDING & CONCLUSION

Findings:

45
  from the analysis part the total male respondent is 51 and

female is 50
 from the research we find people are more prefer radio as a

entertainment purpose
 from the total sample the male respondent is more who prefer
Conclusion:
Finally the conclusion came out after reading all the facts and figures,

through survey response:

 The listeners maximum listened radio because of entertainment

and knowledge
 According them radio advertisement is not appropriate because

customer prefer first to see the image of product then they go to

buy product whereas radio advertisement may not show the

image
 Future scenario of radio advertisement is preferable by lisners it

creates knowledge and people become more socially aware

through this medium

SUGGESTION / RECOMMENDATION

 according to the consumer there is a need improvement in the signal of the

radio

 according to the consumer there should be less advertisement on radio

46
  according to the consumer there should be more socially awareness

program

 LIMITATIONS

 Getting accurate responses from the respondents.

 Locating the target customers is very time consuming.
 Sometimes people are not responding to fill questionnaire.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-advertising.html

http://meuse.com

http://www.emerald.com

http://sibresearch.org/uploads/2/7/9/9/2799227/rajagopal_wp-04-2010.pdf

47
ANNEXURE :

please tick the appropriate option:

1. Do you listen radio?

⃝ Yes ⃝ No

2. Which fm radio channel you listen most?

⃝91.1 ⃝93.5 ⃝98.3 ⃝95.0 ⃝others……

3. At what time do you listen radio?

⃝Morning ⃝afternoon ⃝evening g ⃝night ⃝anytime

4. Which factor motivates you to listen radio ?

⃝Awareness ⃝entertainment ⃝knowledge ⃝social ⃝others…….

5. Your frequency switches over to fm radio channels?

⃝Programme change ⃝song change ⃝advertisement change ⃝news change ⃝others …….

6. According to your opinion which media gives you the maximum information?

48
⃝Education media ⃝radio media ⃝outdoor media ⃝internet media ⃝ others

Please tick the appropriate option below:

Strongly Agree Neither Agree Disagree Strongly

Agree Nor Disagree Disagree

Fm radio effect you buying

decision

Radio advisement makes an impact

on listeners

Radio advertising campaign is

clear with their message

After listening radio advertisement

do you prefer to buy products?

IF ANY OTHER SUGGESTION PLEASE SPECIFY IT BELOW

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………

Personal information

Name:

AGE:
 BELOW 20YEARS
 21-30
 31-40
 41-50
 51-60
 ABOVE 60YEARS

Gender
 Male

 Female

OCCUAPATION:
 BUSSINESS
 STUDENT
 GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEE
 PRIVATE EMPLOYEE
 IF OTHER (PLEASE SPECIFY)
49
INCOME:
 10000-25000
 25000-50000
 50000-75000
 75000-100000
 ABOVE 1 LAKH

50