ERITECH - Risk+Surge (Compatibility Mode) PDF

Applications Engineer
The ERICO Company
• ERICO was established in 1903 as the

Electric Railway Improvement Company
to supply power bonds, signal bonds and
related welding equipment to railroads,
mining and street railway industries.
• Started in Cleveland, Ohio before
expanding on the five continents.
The ERICO Company
ERICO product lines
ERITECH ERIFLEX ERICO Rail &

Industrial
Grounding, Bonding, Current Carrying Conductors, Rail Electric Bonds,

Lightning Products Supports and Other Non-Active Grounding, Surge Protection
Electrical Panel Components
Facility Electrical Protection Systems Panel Boxes for Facilities, OEMs Railroads and Transits
ERICO product lines
CADDY Electrical CADDY Mechanical LENTON

Fixing & Fastening Fixing & Fastening
Specialty Metal Hangers Metal Hangers and Support Systems Mechanical Couplers
Electrical and Data Com Applications Plumbing, HVAC, Industrial, Fire Concrete Reinforcement Applications
Protection and Seismic Support
Presentation Outline
• Introduction
• Risk assessment per EN62305-2
• Lightning protection design methods
• Surge protection
• Modern lightning protection solutions
SIX POINT PROTECTION PLAN
INTEGRATED
PROTECTION
SOLUTION
1. Capture the lightning strike to a preferred point
2. Conduct it to ground safely
3. Dissipate energy into the earth
4. Bond to create an equipotential ground plane
5. Protect incoming power circuits
6. Protect incoming telephone/data circuits

Introduction
• Nov. 2006, IS EN62305 series adopted

• EN62305-1: General Principles
• EN62305-2: Risk Management
• EN62305-3: Physical Damage to
Structure and Life Hazard
• EN62305-4: Electrical and Electronic
Systems within Structures
Risk assessment per EN62305-2
• 4 sources of damages (IEC EN-62305 1):

• Each of source of damage can lead to…

• D1: Injury of living beings due to touch
and step voltages
• D2: Physical damage (fire, explosion,
mechanical destruction, chemical release)
• D3: Failure of internal electrical/electronic
systems due to lightning electromagnetic
impulse
• 4 type of losses can then be identified

• L1: Loss of human life
• L2: Loss of essential service to the public
• L3: Loss of cultural heritage
• L4: Economic loss (structure and its
contents, service and loss of activity)
• R1= 1E-5
• R2= 1E-4
• R3= 1E-4
Design methods
• 4 lightning protection levels (LPL)

• Used to size components and SPDs
• Used to define lightning protection zones
• Maximum lightning strike current
LPL Max Ip (kA)
I 200
II 150
III 100
IV 100
Design methods
• 4 class of protection (=LPL)

• Used to define interception efficiency
• Used to define rolling sphere diameter
LPL Min Ip (kA) % strikes > Ip
I 3 99
II 5 97
III 10 91
IV 16 84
EN 62305-3 Air Terminations
• Rolling Sphere
• Most often used with Franklin rods
LPL Radius (m)

I 20
II 30
III 45
IV 60
• Mesh
• Use of horizontal conductors
• Franklin rods added of protruding objects
LPL Size (m)

I 5x5
II 10x10
III 15x15
IV 20x20
• Cone of protection (Hbuilding < 60m)

• Use of Franklin rods
• Measures for building over with H>60m

• 60m>H>120m: protect top 20% with rings
• H>120m: protect all above 120m with rings
LPL Ring spacing (m)

I 10
II 10
III 15
IV 20
• Use of natural air terminations possible

• Check electrical continuity
EN 62305-3 Downconductors
• Downconductors carry the current to the

ground
• Several paths should exist
• Paths as direct as possible to the ground
• Equipotential bonding
• Minimum number of 2
• Equal spacing recommended

• Install test joints on each downconductor
• Avoid loops
• Fixing centre distances for clips

• Different for round or tape conductors
• Natural downconductors can be used

• Rebars, structural members
• Achieve electrical continuity
Weld at least 30mm / 20 times rebar diameter

EN 62305-3 Earth Terminations
• Earthing system at each downconductor

• Earth ring preferred
• Inter connexion with other grounds.
• Ring at least 1m away from building and

buried at 0.5m
• Rods buried at 0.5m and spaced to
minimize coupling
• Natural components can also be used

• Foundation rebar or structural steel beams
• Proper connection prevents concrete
splitting
EN 62305-3 Materials & Sizes
Materials & Sizes: Air Term + DC
Materials & Sizes: Earth term
Bonding / Insulation
• Use equipotential bonding or insulation to

avoid dangerous sparking
• Bonding needs to be done between
external LPS and:
Structural steel, metal enclosures, internal
systems, external conductive parts,
incoming services
• Use bonding cable:

14mm2 copper from bonding bar to earth
5mm2 copper from internal metal to bonding bar
• SPDs – Class I or II depending on location
• Insulating properties of materials

• Separation distance, s
ki, class of LPS

kc
s = ki l kc, number of DCs
km
km, material
ki, class of LPS

kc
s = ki l kc, number of DCs
km
km, material
Causes for Surge
•Lightning
•Motors / DC drives
•Capacitor Bank Switching
•SEMP (switching electromagnetic pulse)
•ESD (electrostatic discharge)
•Human errors
•Power Grid Switching
•Improper grounding techniques
•Component Failures
The cost of zero protection…
Surge voltage/Indirect
Lightning
Break-Ins
Fire
Negligence
Short Circuit
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
Insurance Statistics on Causes of Damage on Equipment

Elektra, Branch of Wuba
Equipment Sensitivity
Risks on semi-conductors
Destructive Damage
Very visible damage
Burnt boards, traces and components
Disruptive Damage
Confused logic, lost files, data stream
disruption and/or corruption, system lock-up
Dissipative Damage
Little or no visible damage, but
Components will not function properly
What is a surge protector?
S1
Normal
B
S2 S3
Common Mode
Answer: Voltage activated switch

Solution 1: Spark gap
Tremendous energy
handling capability.
• Self-extinguishing
• Dissipates energy as
plasma discharge
instead of heat
• Can handle multiple
direct strike events
without damage
Solution 2: Gas Tube
• Ceramic or glass tube

with inert gas inside
• Slow response
• High energy handling
capability
• Unpredictable ignition
voltage
Solution 3: Metal Oxide Varistors
• Wide range of voltage

protection levels
• Most popular device
used for TVSS
applications
Solution 4: Diodes
• Also called SADs,

Silicon Avalanche
Diodes, and
Transorbs
• Very fast response
• Silicon device that
acts like back to back
Zeners
• Low Energy Handling
Summary of solutions
Silicon Avalanche Metal Oxide Gas Discharge

Tube (GDT) Spark Gap
Diode (SAD) Varistor (MOV)
Fast
Response
Discharge
capability
SPD classes per IEC 61643-1
Class I – Lightning induced transient
10/350µs wave form

Partial direct strike
Service entrance
Class II – Non-lightning induced transient
8/20µs wave form

Heavy load switching
Service entrance
Class III – Temporary over voltage
1.2/50µs wave form

High Impedance circuits
• IEC to VDE class comparison

How to select SPDs?
How to select SPDs?
• Determine total surge rating

How to select SPDs?
• Do not include small telecom lines

(high impedance )
How to select SPDs?
• Verify surge protection level, Up, of

equipement to protect
• IEC 60664-1 and IEC 61000-4-5
• For a typical 230/415V system, class I SPD
should have a Up of 1.6kV
• Class II SPDs may appear to have too high
Up because of stringent test requirements.
How to select SPDs?
• If no LP system, surge on low voltage

services as follow
• Surge levels on telecom services even lower
How to select SPDs?
• SPD coordination is required if:

• Distance between panels insufficient (less
than 10m)
• If different technology between SPDs in
panels
• If different Up between SPDs in panels
How to select SPDs?
• Equivalent to having a long cable with

inductance between the SPDs
How to select SPDs?
• However SPDs have an effective distance

• Oscillations, local faults can be dangerous
How to select SPDs?
How to select SPDs?
• TN-C configuration
• Total surge rating divided by 3
How to select SPDs?
• TN-S configuration
How to select SPDs?
• TN-C-S configuration
How to select SPDs?
• TT configuration
• Total surge rating divided by 4 and added
back before SGD
How to select SPDs?
• IT configuration
• “3+0”, “4+0”, “3+1”
How to select SPDs?
• LP Zones and SPDs

How to select SPDs?
• LP Zones and SPDs

Point 4: Protecting AC Power Feeders
™
• TD technology
• Thermal
protection
• Over-current
protection
• Metal NEMA 4
enclosure
• 200kAIC rating
TDX SERIES
• EMI/RFI filtering
TD Technology
SPD in Conduction TOV Condition

Nominal Clamping
Voltage on 50/60 Hz
Nominal AC Mains
Operating Voltage
TD Technology
Low SPD
voltage clamping
TD technology.
clamping
™
• TD Technology
• Replaceable Modules
• DIN Rail Mount
• Change-over Contacts
• Single Phase
• Various Voltage Models
TDS SERIES
™
• TD Technology
• Replaceable Modules
• DIN Rail Mount
• Change-over Contacts
• Three Phase
• Various Voltage Models
• TT or TNC configurations
TDS SERIES
• Spark Gap Diverters

• Up to 100kA 10/350µs
Point 5: Protecting Data Com Signals
Inductive Transients Improper Grounding - RF

• Hybrid, three stage

clamping circuit,
• Best possible protection
to sensitive electronic
equipment
• Minimum of line
interference and insertion
losses
UTB SERIES
Inductor
Second Stage
Incoming
Line Transient
Inductor
Gas
Discharge
First Stage
Arrestor
Metal Suppressor
Oxide Diode
Varistor
Grounding
System
• Coaxial Protection
• Can be used along UTBs to
provide full protection of CCTV
circuits
• SLP and HSP Protection

• Krone LSA Termination
• RJ-11, RJ45 interfaces

• RS 232 interfaces
Surge in 62305-4
• Office building
• LP on roof
• Coordinated SP
Examples - Communication
Examples - Plant
What about modern buildings?
System 3000
• Utilizes the « Collection

Volume Method » (CVM)
• Developed in the 1980’s by
Dr. Ericksson
• Verified and improved in the
1990’s by ERICO (Dr. Franco
d’Alessandro)
System 3000 – RSM Limits
• Assumes Striking Distance is the same

for all points (strikes closest point)
• Not consistent with field observations:
– > 90% of strikes are to corners or
other pointed features
– overwhelming evidence that strikes
are to points of highest electric field
intensification
System 3000 - CVM
• Shape and height of the building intensifies

the ambient electric field
System 3000 - CVM
• The corners of the building are the most

prone to launching an upward leader
System 3000 - CVM
System 3000 - CVM
• Each point of the building can launch an

upward leader
System 3000 - CVM
System 3000 - Dynasphere
In the ERICO S3000, we apply the

Collection Volume Method with the
DYNASPHERE Air Terminal
• The Dynasphere is an improved Franklin

rod with a spherical dome with capacitive
coupling to the ambient electrical field
• Static phase of the storm
High-impedance
coupling between the
dome and the ground
• Dynamic phase of the storm
The dome is loaded

thru capacitive coupling
When the dome is
charged a spark is
created over the air gap
• Lightning capture phase
The arc created results in

the launch of an upward
leader
System 3000 – Dynasphere
• Need to ensure that streamers are not

launched until the electric field conditions
are an optimum for conversion to a
stable, propagating upward leader
• The terminal trigger time is determined
by the Spark Gap size, the Capacitance
of dome, and the Resistance
Static conditions Dynamic conditions

• Example: building
• Example: Communication tower

System 3000 - Validation
• Field study in Hong-Kong in the 1990’s

• Field study in Malaysia in the 1990’s
System 3000 – Validation HK
• Aim: to assess Eriksson’s attractive radius

model
• Analysis of lightning strike data for a
sample of 161 structures in Hong Kong
over a period of 8 years
• Result: excellent agreement between the
observed strike data and the predictions of
Eriksson’s attractive radius model
System 3000 – Validation KL
System 3000 – Validation KL
• Aim: to assess interception efficiency

• Analysis of lightning strike data for a
sample of 86 structures in Malaysia over
a period of 13 years (592 years exposure
time)
• 384 flashes observed (LEC + by-passes).
• Result: interception efficiency levels in
accordance with IEC 62305-1 levels.
• Field experimentation
New Mexico Testing HV Lab Russia

(photo from Moore et Al, 2002)
• System 3000 in action
Sky Tower
New Zealand
16 strikes in 30
minutes in 1999
System 3000 - ERICORE
• The System 3000 is an isolated system

using the ERICORE downconductor
Low impedance
Low inductance
Minimized internal
stress
Can be installed
behind cladding
V
Stage 3
R dominant
Stage 1
Z dominant
Stage 2 20 – 350 ms
L dominant
• ERICORE:
Zo ≈ 5 Ω and L ≈ 25 nH/m
• Conventional conductor*:
Zo > 200 Ω and L ≈ 1 µH/m
*For 100 mm separation from adjacent conductor such as concrete reinforcing.

• 50 m cable
• 300kV air breakdown voltage of air
at 0.5m
Pa rarmeter Voltage developed (kV)
I ( k A) d I /d t O n e st d . T e n s td . E R IC O R E
( G A/s ) conductor conductors cable
32 9 2335 32 27
32 24 610 70 55
32 65 1635 172 133
13 10 254 29 23
13 40 10004 104 80
13 160 40004 404 185 *
NOT with the

ERICORE !
Copyright © Ed Bondarenko & Asso.

• Bonding to the structure is critical

• Testing at TYCO labs, NC, USA

• Passed 100kA surge test (worse lightning)
• Breakdown of upper termination at 263kV
System 3000 Design Process
• Design done in-house with the use of the

LPSD software upon reception of all the
parameters
System 3000
System 3000 - Installation
Conclusion
• Lightning and surge protection is an

element is required per the code.
• ERICO offers different types of solutions
that cover all situations all over the world
• The selection of the right solution is a
process that requires dialog between the
contractors, distributors, architects,
installers and ERICO.
THANKS……Questions?

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Applications Engineer

The ERICO Company

• ERICO was established in 1903 as the

ERITECH ERIFLEX ERICO Rail &

Grounding, Bonding, Current Carrying Conductors, Rail Electric Bonds,

CADDY Electrical CADDY Mechanical LENTON

1. Capture the lightning strike to a preferred point

2. Conduct it to ground safely

3. Dissipate energy into the earth

4. Bond to create an equipotential ground plane

5. Protect incoming power circuits

6. Protect incoming telephone/data circuits

• Nov. 2006, IS EN62305 series adopted

• 4 sources of damages (IEC EN-62305 1):

• Each of source of damage can lead to…

• 4 type of losses can then be identified

• 4 lightning protection levels (LPL)

• 4 class of protection (=LPL)

LPL Radius (m)

LPL Size (m)

• Cone of protection (Hbuilding < 60m)

• Measures for building over with H>60m

LPL Ring spacing (m)

• Use of natural air terminations possible

• Downconductors carry the current to the

• Equal spacing recommended

• Fixing centre distances for clips

• Natural downconductors can be used

Weld at least 30mm / 20 times rebar diameter

• Earthing system at each downconductor

• Ring at least 1m away from building and

• Natural components can also be used

• Use equipotential bonding or insulation to

• Use bonding cable:

• Insulating properties of materials

ki, class of LPS

ki, class of LPS

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

Insurance Statistics on Causes of Damage on Equipment

Answer: Voltage activated switch

• Ceramic or glass tube

• Wide range of voltage

• Also called SADs,

Silicon Avalanche Metal Oxide Gas Discharge

Class I – Lightning induced transient

10/350µs wave form

Class II – Non-lightning induced transient

8/20µs wave form

Class III – Temporary over voltage

1.2/50µs wave form

• IEC to VDE class comparison

• Determine total surge rating

• Do not include small telecom lines

• Verify surge protection level, Up, of

• If no LP system, surge on low voltage

• SPD coordination is required if:

• Equivalent to having a long cable with

• However SPDs have an effective distance

• LP Zones and SPDs

• LP Zones and SPDs

SPD in Conduction TOV Condition

• Spark Gap Diverters

Inductive Transients Improper Grounding - RF