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1: INTRODUCTION

The word software was coined by mathematician and statistician John Tukey in a 1958 issue

of American Mathematical Monthly in which he discussed electronic calculators' programs.

1.1: Software is often divided into three categories

 System software serves as a base for application software. System software includes

device drivers, operating systems (OSs), compilers, disk formatters, text editors and

utilities helping the computer to operate more efficiently. It is also responsible for

managing hardware components and providing basic non-task-specific functions. The

system software is usually written in C programming language.

 Programming software is a set of tools to aid developers in writing programs. The

various tools available are compilers, linkers, debuggers, interpreters and text editors.

 Application software is intended to perform certain tasks. Examples of application

software include office suites, gaming applications, database systems and educational

software. Application software can be a single program or a collection of small

programs. This type of software is what consumers most typically think of as

"software."

Computer software, or simply software, is a collection of data or computer instructions that

tell the computer how to work. This is in contrast to physical hardware, from which the
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system is built and actually performs the work. In computer science and software

engineering, computer software is all information processed by computer

systems, programs and data. Computer software includes computer programs, libraries and

related non-executable data, such as online documentation or digital media. Computer

hardware and software require each other and neither can be realistically used on its own.

At the lowest programming level, executable code consists of machine language instructions

supported by an individual processor—typically a central processing unit (CPU) or a graphics

processing unit (GPU). A machine language consists of groups of binary

values signifying processor instructions that change the state of the computer from its

preceding state. For example, an instruction may change the value stored in a particular

storage location in the computer—an effect that is not directly observable to the user. An

instruction may also invoke one of many input or output operations, for example displaying

some text on a computer screen; causing state changes which should be visible to the user.

The processor executes the instructions in the order they are provided, unless it is instructed

to "jump" to a different instruction, or is interrupted by the operating system. As of 2015,

most personal computers, smartphone devices and servers have processors with multiple

execution units or multiple processors performing computation together, and computing has

become a much more concurrent activity than in the past.

The majority of software is written in high-level programming languages. They are easier and

more efficient for programmers because they are closer to natural languages than machine

languages. High-level languages are translated into machine language using a compiler or an

interpreter or a combination of the two. Software may also be written in a low-level assembly

language, which has strong correspondence to the computer's machine language instructions

and is translated into machine language using an assembler.

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A diagram showing how the user interacts with application software on a typical desktop

computer.The application software layer interfaces with the operating system, which in turn

communicates with the hardware. The arrows indicate information flow.

Technology in the hotel industry continues to advance at a rapid pace and hotel management

software (HMS) remains essential for hoteliers looking to improve the running of their

business. With software, hotel operators can streamline their administrative processes and

improve their overall hotel management system.

The key to reaping the benefits of an effective hotel management software system is to select

the right one for your property. It’s critical that you know exactly what this hotel

management technology is, and why it is important for you to implement it at your hotel.

1.1:HOTELS AND HOTEL INDUSTRY

The primary purpose of hotels is to provide travelers with shelter, food, refreshment, and

similar services and goods, offering on a commercial basis things that are customarily
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furnished within households but unavailable to people on a journey away from home.

Historically hotels have also taken on many other functions, serving as business exchanges,

centers of sociability, places of public assembly and deliberation, decorative showcases,

political headquarters, vacation spots, and permanent residences. The hotel as an institution,

and hotels as an industry, transformed travel in America, hastened the settlement of the

continent, and extended the influence of urban culture.

1.2: Hotels in the Early Republic

The first American hotels were built in the cities of the Atlantic coast in the 1790s, when elite

urban merchants began to replace taverns with capacious and elegant establishments of their

own creation. They hoped thereby to improve key elements of the national transportation

infrastructure and increase the value of surrounding real estate, while at the same time

erecting imposing public monuments that valorized their economic pursuits and promoted a

commercial future for the still agrarian republic. Unlike earlier public accommodations,

hotels were impressive structures, readily distinguishable as major public institutions due to

their tremendous size, elaborate ornamentation, and sophisticated academic styles. They were

often designed by important architects like James Hoban, Charles Bulfinch, and Benjamin

Latrobe. Hotels also had a distinctive internal arrangement incorporating grand halls for the

use of the public and featuring dozens of bedchambers, which for the first time offered

private space to all guests. Building on such a massive scale was tremendously expensive,

and hotels cost from eight to thirty times as much as had been spent on even the finest

taverns. Early hotels quickly became important centers of politics, business, and sociability.

The City Hotel in New York, for example, became the center of the Gotham elite's business

pursuits and elegant society balls, and Washington's Union Public Hotel housed the U.S.
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Congress in 1814–1815 after the British army destroyed part of the Capitol. The first

generation of hotel building continued into the first decade of the nineteenth century before

being brought to a close by the financial failure of many of the first projects and the

economic disruptions surrounding the War of 1812.

1.3: Nineteenth-Century Hotels

A second period of hotel construction began around 1820, driven by the American

transportation revolution. Steam navigation and the coming of the canal age, especially the

opening of the Erie Canal in 1825, extended the range of movement along the nation's

internal waterways and greatly increased the volume of travel in America. Urban merchant-

capitalists constructed a new generation of hotels as part of their mercantilist strategy to claim

expanding economic hinterlands for their cities and states. The first of these hotels appeared

in leading commercial centers along coastal trade routes, beginning with Baltimore's City

Hotel (1826), Washington's National Hotel (1827), Philadelphia's United States Hotel (1828),

and Boston's renowned Tremont House (1829). These were followed by similar

establishments built at key points along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, notably Cincinnati's

Pearl Street House (1831), Louisville's Galt House (1834), and the St. Charles in New

Orleans (1837). These and other second-generation American hotels were much larger and

more numerous than their predecessors and established the rectilinear, city-block hotel as a

set architectural form that would be repeated in locations all across the growing nation. This

phase of hotel development was brought to a close by the prolonged depression that followed

the panic of 1837.

The third generation of hotels was catalyzed by the rapid growth of the American railroad

system in the decades after 1840, a development that freed long-distance travel from the
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limitations of the river system and recon-figured the nation's transportation network along an

east-west axis. Hotels continued to multiply in the East and also proliferated along the

advancing frontier of settlement, rising over the prairies and plains in the 1840s and 1850s

and appearing in the mountain West in the 1860s and 1870s. The westward advance of hotel

construction soon linked up with a counterpart that had originated with Anglo settlement of

the Pacific coast and extended eastward. By the time of the centennial, America boasted both

a transcontinental railroad and a continental hotel network. Hotelkeepers had meanwhile

come to see their operations as constituting an integrated national system. In the 1840s, they

embraced new theories and methods of hotel management based on closer supervision and

regimentation of employees and regularized contact among managers. In the 1850s, hotel

proprietors began to organize their first local trade associations, and in the 1870s they

established specialized publications like Hotel World and the National Hotel Gazette that

served the industry nationwide. Visitors from overseas constantly commented on the size,

extent, and excellence of the nation's hotel system, revealing that as early as midcentury, the

American hotel had surpassed the hostelries of Europe and become the leading international

standard for public accommodation.

Hotel development also involved diversification of hotel types. Most early hotels had been

large urban luxury establishments, but newer variants quickly emerged. Resort hotels,

designed to accommodate the rising tide of tourists, were built in scenic rural landscapes far

from the cities where the hotel form had been born. Commercial hotels, more simply

furnished and less expensive than the luxury variant, served the growing ranks of traveling

salesmen and other commercial workers set in motion by the burgeoning economy. Railroad

hotels were built at regular intervals along track lines to provide passengers and crews with

places to eat and rest in the decades before the introduction of sleeping cars. Residential

hotels, dedicated to the housing needs of families increasingly unable to afford private houses
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in expensive urban real estate markets, served as the prototypes for apartment buildings. And

a frontier hotel form, characterized by wood construction, whitewash, and tiered porches, was

built in hundreds of new settlements where travelers and lumber were common but capital

was scarce. These and other hotel types soon far outnumbered luxury hotels, though the latter

variety received the most attention from journalists, authors, and printmakers, and therefore

tended to stand for all hotels in the popular imagination.

Hotels were vital centers of local community life in American cities and towns. Their role as

important public spaces was in part a continuation of traditional uses of taverns, one that was

further amplified by hotels' conspicuous architecture, central location, and spacious and

inviting interiors. Merchants and other businesspeople continued to use hotel space for

offices, commercial exchanges, and accommodations, but the popular uses of hotels far

transcended their economic function. Well-appointed hotel parlors and ballrooms were

favored venues for card parties, cotillions, and other sociable events that involved seeing and

being seen in refined public settings. By the same token, voluntary associations ranging from

debating societies to ethnic brotherhoods and charitable organizations regularly hired hotel

assembly rooms and dining halls for their meetings and banquets. Hotels also became major

loci of political activity. Political parties and factions often set up their headquarters in hotels,

where they held caucuses and made nominations. Hotels served as important public forums, a

fact revealed by the large number of published images of political figures making speeches

from hotel windows and balconies, hobnobbing in lobbies, and raising toasts in crowded

halls. Indeed, such was the political importance of hotels that they were often attacked in

periods of domestic strife. The Civil War era, for example, was marked by the burning or

cannonading of numerous hotels by Southern sympathizers.

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Hotels also extended their influence over distances because they functioned as a powerful

system of cultural production and diffusion. Their role in accommodating travelers made

hotels into a frontier between individual communities and the world beyond, with hotel

guests acting as cultural emissaries who carried new ideas about aesthetics and technology

along the routes of their journeys. Innovations in interior decorative luxury were among the

ideas most commonly transmitted. Hotelkeepers spent heavily on refined furnishings as part

of their efforts to attract guests, and in so doing transformed decor into a showcased capital

good. Because a hotel could afford to spend far more on amenities than could a private

family, its interiors constantly tempted guests to emulate a higher standard of living.

Midwestern travelers who stayed at fine hotels in St. Louis or New York City, for example,

were impressed with the elegance of their surroundings and sought to reproduce them back

home in Illinois, Iowa, and Nebraska. Hotels similarly became showcases for household and

communications technologies. Indoor plumbing, central heating, elevators, and gas and

electric lighting first saw wide public use in hotels, as did the telegraph and the telephone.

Authors from Stephen Crane to Bret Harte recognized the ways in which hotels were setting a

new pace in American life, and in his classic The American Scene (1907), Henry James

found himself "verily tempted to ask if the hotel-spirit may not just be the American spirit

most seeking and most finding itself."

1.4: Hotels in the Age of Auto and Air Travel

The rise of the automobile in the early twentieth century reordered the nation's transportation

regime and marked the beginning of a new hotel age that lasted for more than two decades.

The nineteenth-century American hotel system had been predicated upon long-distance,

point-to-point, steam-driven water and rail transportation, and the gradual transition to

automobility wrought major changes in the hotel industry. In an effort to secure the patronage
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of drivers, existing hotels added parking facilities, and new establishments incorporated them

into their building plans. Other developers created the motor hotel, or motel, a new hotel

variant which, instead of being located in cities and other travel destinations, was typically

sited on inexpensive land along the roads in between. The automobile also influenced the

hotel industry in construction and management techniques, as Fordist mass production

fostered a corresponding drive for standardization and scale in hotels. E. M. Statler was the

foremost figure in this cause. In 1908, he opened the first chain of hotels dedicated to his

belief that hospitality should be made as similar as possible in every location. Statler's

success with a business model based on cost cutting and scientific management made him the

leading hotelier of his time and an important influence upon twentieth-century hotel

administration. By 1930, as the Great Depression was putting a definitive end to this period

of hotel building, the Census Bureau counted more than 17,000 hotels in the United States.

The American hotel industry expanded at a previously unseen pace following World War II.

The three-decade economic boom of the postwar years increased the incidence of commercial

travel and sent incomes soaring, and the success of organized labor distributed wealth more

evenly and made paid vacations a reality for millions of workers. Meanwhile, the creation of

the interstate highway system and the emergence of safe and reliable passenger aircraft made

travel easier and more broadly subscribed than ever before. Hotels emerged as an important

terrain of struggle in the conflictual domestic politics of the era. When civil rights activists

demanded an end to racial discrimination in public accommodations, the special legal status

of hotel space became a crucial consideration in the litigation strategy of the National

Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). It was no coincidence that

the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was definitively established by the

Supreme Court's ruling in Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States.

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Hotels were similarly implicated in international politics. Americans ventured abroad in

increasing numbers during the postwar years, and the nation's hotel industry expanded

globally in order to accommodate them. In the context of Cold War geopolitics, American-

owned hotels in foreign countries also served as exemplars of the benefits and vitality of

capitalism. Conrad Hilton in particular spoke of his company's overseas properties,

particularly those along the Iron Curtain, as valuable assets in the fight against communism.

In a world simultaneously divided by politics and connected by transportation, hotels were

important symbolic sites.

The American hotel industry benefited greatly from the uneven prosperity of the 1980s and

1990s and entered the twenty-first century as a large and fast-growing segment of the national

economy. The hotels of the United States employed well over 1.4 million people and

collected more than $100 billion per year in receipts. They formed a dense network of 53,000

properties comprising some 4 million guest rooms nationwide. Internationally, the industry

operated more than 5,000 overseas hotels with over half a million rooms.

From its beginnings as an experimental cultural form, the American hotel became a

ubiquitous presence on the national landscape and developed into an immense and vital

national industry. The hotel system transformed the nature of travel, turning it from an

arduous and uncertain undertaking of the few into a predictable and commonplace activity of

the many. On the way, the hotel became instrument, ornament, symptom, and symbol of

America's continental and international empire.

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1.5: What is hotel management software?

Hotel management software is technology that allows hotel operators and owners to

streamline their administrative tasks while also increasing their bookings in both the short-

and long-term.

Your hotel management system is not only important for your own day-to-day operations, but

it’s a vital part of the overall guest experience. From the beginning of your guests’ online

booking journey until the completion of their stay and their feedback once they return home,

it is necessary for your hotel management technology to enhance their experience with your

brand.

Finding a hotel management system that offers the features you both need and want is

necessary to effectively managing your hotel in a global economic climate.

1.5: The purpose of management systems for hotels

Management systems serve several purposes for both hotel operators who manage large

chains as well as independent hoteliers. These include:

1. Managing bookings

Your property management system should help you efficiently and effectively manage your

bookings. Neither you, nor your staff, should be tasked with manually inputting bookings and

managing those across all your distribution channels. A property management system should

automate the booking process for you, allowing you to escape the back office and focus more

on interacting with your guests.

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In addition, it significantly reduces the risk of overbooking your rooms, which directly

improves the guest experience at your property.

2. Direct bookings

It should allow you to actively drive direct bookings to your website. Travellers today are

more apt to book online than they are to call to finalise bookings or partner with a travel

agent.

Direct bookings allow you to maximise the revenue that you generate per booking. You

should only consider software that integrates with an online booking engine.

3. Channel management

Hotel management technology should allow you to easily implement your distribution

strategy. Creating partnerships with different types of agents in the industry, such as OTAs

and GDSs, is necessary to survive in a competitive, global climate.

Managing hotel with software that offers a channel manager will allow you to create and

implement a diverse distribution strategy that continually drives bookings.

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4. Hotel website: Your software should help enhance your online presence. Your hotel

management system is only effective if your guests can reach your brand.

Choosing a program that offers a web editor or website creator will allow you to create a

clean, appealing and user-friendly website that will encourage guests to book a stay at your

property.

1.6: Types of Hotel Management Software

There are various types of hotel management software to consider. These include:

Property Management Systems: A property management system manages your day-to-day

tasks, such as accepting reservations, noting cancellations and creating your daily manifest.

It’s a critical tool to effectively running a hotel of any size in today’s travel industry.

Channel Managers: A channel manager is a distribution software program that allows

hoteliers to connect with various agents. The agents have access to real-time availability and

they are able to resell your rooms for a commission.

Online Booking Engines: Online booking engines are a hotel technology tool that allow you

to accept online bookings directly on your website. It’s an absolutely necessary technology

component for any hotel.

Pricing Tools: With a pricing tool, you can develop a more effective revenue management

strategy. Instead of manually changing your rates and calculating the revenue that should be

generated on each room, you can use an innovative pricing tool to automate the process. It

minimises your stress while boosting your revenue simultaneously.

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Website Creators: Your website provides travellers with a window into your property, which

is why it is necessary that you have a cohesive website with visual and multimedia elements

that entice guests to book with you. An effective website creator will optimise your website

for SEO while allowing you to create a personalised experience for your past, present and

future guests.

1.7 : How to Choose the Right Hotel Management Software

Selecting the right hotel management software begins with identifying the features that you

want and need. There are many options to choose from, some of which offer one or two of

the features listed above and some that integrate with other technology to give you all the

features you need. It is most important that you look for a solution that integrates all features,

so you can optimise your hotel’s efficiency and increase your return on investment.

You also will want to select hotel management technology that is affordable. Your

technology needs to work for your business, and not against it. You need to get the features

you both need and deserve at a price that makes it worthwhile.

The only way to know that you have found the right technology solution for your hotel is to

try it out. With a free demo, you are able to utilise the system and see how it works for

yourself. You will discover that the features are simple to use and that they allow you to

streamline your daily responsibilities while also giving you the ability to focus on the big

picture. You might just decide that managing your hotel with software has never been simpler

for you and your staff!

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SiteMinder is the leading cloud platform for hotels of all sizes, in all destinations. If you are

looking for an all-in-one hotel management technology solution, then this is the hotel

management software for you. To find out more about SiteMinder and how it can improve

your hotel, begin your free demo today.

1.8: Importance of Hotel Software for Small & Mid-Size Hotels

The importance of Hotel Management Software or Property Management System for hotels

cannot be stressed enough anymore. It is one of the most important factors which contribute

significantly to the long-term success of a hotel.

In recent years, there has been a rise of budget travellers around the world which has led to

rise in number of small to mid-size hotels in the industry. This has drastically changed the

landscape of the Hospitality industry in general and also directly affected the Hospitality IT

industry.

Hotel Management Software (HMS) BuyerView 2014, a survey conducted by HMS research

firm Software Advice, who surveyed 385 randomly selected buyers in 2013. The survey was

conducted in order to discover what exactly buyers expect or want when they are choosing

software for their property.

According to the report, 54% of hotel management software purchasers in the industry are

independent small to mid-size hotels. The report also states that majority of the buyers are

adapting to the latest software in order to leave behind the manual management of their

property and buyers who are specifically looking for a software which offer reservation and

online booking facilities.

1.9: Majority of Purchaser are small to Mid-size Hotels

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Majority of the owners or managers, who are looking for a software solution represent (57%)

properties which have 10 to 50 rooms. A combined 11 percent of buyers are from very small

properties such as B&B’s, Inns, chain hotels, or large hotels with 500 plus rooms.

1.10: Independent Hotels, Resorts and Inns are the Primary Customer

When consulted with various managers and owners of different property types, the report

found that around 1 percent is looking for software for a large hotel or a chain hotel. This is

not surprising as the big brands usually have to go for in-house or corporate-mandated

software. The rise of independent properties is very evident from the fact that majority of the

buyers (54 percent combined) comprised of independent hotels, inns, and resorts.

1.11: List of hotel management softwares that are used in hotel industries
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Finding the right software to run operations such as automated check-ins and concierge

services is a big key to hotel efficiency. Luckily, many tools create seamless data sharing

between machines and people, and open up a lot of opportunities when it comes to managing

your business. Below you’ll find ten top hotel management software tools that are

revolutionizing how hotels operate.

1. eZee Front desk

Many hotels use this brainchild of eZee Technosys for hotel reservations, rate management,

revenue maximization, and event management. In fact, EZee Frontdesk is rated among the

fastest growing softwares in the property management realm. Plus, it makes linking of smart

devices such as tablets and smartphones possible, which adds its versatility.

2. Hotelogix

Hotelogix is used in over 100 countries worldwide. It entails a single-point dashboard and a

multi-device booking engine capability. Additionally, the software is available in nine

languages and allows the integration of third-party software such as Jovago and TripAdvisor.

3. Maestro PMS

Maestro offers hotels and hospitality establishments a host of cloud-based solutions spanning

front desk, hotel reservations, POS, and event management. It consolidates efficient property

management into a single tool and gives you the option to install on Windows-based systems

or run directly from the cloud.

4. Hoteliga
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Hoteliga is a cloud-based hotel management software that makes invoicing, hotel reservation,

revenue control and customer management as easy as possible. It also incorporates multi-

currency support which is an important aspect often overlooked in competing companies.

5. FCS CosmoPMS

FCS Cosmo tools give hoteliers the power to create a seamless flow of data used for

reservation confirmations, front desk operations, and real-time monitoring of resources.

That’s why it’s a great choice to optimize room-assignment efficiency and simplify check-in.

And you’ll love how it maintains company, guest, and travel-agent data to help you manage

revenue, rate-setting, and customer discounts.

6. SkyTouch Hotel OS
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This property management software from Skytouch Technology is designed for desktops,

tablet devices, and smartphones. It’s optimized to help with real-time operations monitoring,

hotel reservation services, front desk operations, inventory management, resource

distribution, sales, housekeeping, and catering management.This property management

software from Skytouch Technology is designed for desktops, tablet devices, and

smartphones. It’s optimized to help with real-time operations monitoring, hotel reservation

services, front desk operations, inventory management, resource distribution, sales,

housekeeping, and catering management.

7. Cloudbeds

Cloudbeds is a hotel management software designed to simplify hotel operations

management via its integrated management suite. That suite includes reservation

management, room assignment, accounting, and housekeeping tools. As an added bonus, the

software works seamlessly with top travel sites such as TripAdvisor and Expedia. And it’s

been rated among the top choices in its class.

Consider these tools and see how you can automate your operations and increase your hotel’s

efficiency. Your guests (and your employees!) will thank you.

8. Smart Hotel Software

Smart Hotel Software contains a set of tools suitable for central reservations, guest

relationship management, housekeeping, and more. It includes features like guest folios,

check-in and check-out confirmations, advance deposit alerts, integrated POS, and

information sharing capabilities across multiple platforms.

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9. Tracktik

Tracktik is an intuitive piece of software that allows hoteliers to manage perhaps the single

most important resource in any business: the workforce. It lets your management keep track

of your teams and makes sure the business stays efficient. Not to mention that it streamlines

operations via cloud management services, mobile-based solutions (both Android and iOS)

and desktop platforms. It even offers powerful finance-management modules.

10. Hotel Management Software by Monkport Technologies

This Monkport software entails a host of features aimed at automating hotel management. It

can be deployed from the cloud, or on Windows, Android, iOS devices, and SaaS platforms.

Generally, it’s used to manage reservations, front desk operations, guest experience, and

employee management.

Consider these tools and see how you can automate your operations and increase your hotel’s

efficiency. Your guests (and your employees!) will thank you.

2: Hotel Reservation System

i. Problem Statement

 Hotels have been around for a very long time, using various methods of keeping

records. Historically, hotels have kept paper records in filing cabinets. However,
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hotels are much larger now with many customers to keep track of with regard to types

of accommodations, whether low budget, luxury, or somewhere in between, as well as

smoking or non-smoking preferences. Keeping track of large customer bases and all

their attendant details would require an inordinate space for file cabinets, not to

mention the time employees would spend going back and forth to file cabinets

looking up each client’s information

Problem that will be faced by the hotel’s worker are:

 Difficult to handle data accurately and security because of the data lost, viewing by

unauthorized people, can’t collect the data at the time. Storage problems (Update,

Search, Delete, Edit), these types of methods are not accessible and not carry with the

manual method Unable to analyse past data Security wise is not guarantee to all

information and data’s

The reasons why we proposed this new system are:

 To build relationships with investors, secure hotel management contracts and

successfully

 manage the hotel investments, underpinning asset values.

 Manage hotels by human resource policies which encourage and reward individual

and

 unified effort and achievement, provide training and personal development

opportunities

 and create a working environment in which staff can feel a real scene of job involve.

 The clients can make reservations, enquiries and cancellations via online or via phone.
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Background

 Miri is a growing tourist destination, there has been a good rise in the number of

hotels and resorts in Miri and the tourist sector is broadening thus we have chosen this

sector to do our project and we are making Hotel Reservation System. The rapid

development and commercialization of Information and Communication

Technologies (ICTs) for the travel and tourism industry has prompted hotels and other

enterprises in this sector to increasingly adopt these technologies. The ICT based

products and processes help the hotels to enhance the operating efficiency, improve

the service experience as well as provide a means to access markets on a global basis.

ICTs were used in the hotel industry from the late seventies in the form of

Computerized Reservation systems and Global distribution systems

Objective

 Our goals and objectives are straightforward and seek to ensure we run a professional,

profitable and ethical company, building relationships with customers, suppliers and

investors, driving business at the hotels and developing the business as a whole. It is

also to adopt best commercial practice and ethical standards in dealing with clientele,

suppliers of goods and services and other contacts. Market the hotels through

recognised and trusted Brands (if appropriate), selected agencies and direct marketing

initiatives from the hotels, to high standards of ethics and taste.

 The guest will pass the registration form of the system if he wants to check-in and the

system will automatically give the vacant room to the guest. The system will produce

a sales report to the manager and print a guest folio that shows the bill of the guest.
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 This system will help to make their booking and sales reports and also the manual

recording of customer, to keep their records and accounts would be easier and to

retrieve it any time they want.

The general requirements for a new customer are: in order for the customer to make a

reservation:

 They need a first and last name, valid address, credit card number, and phone number.

They will be informed about the two towers we have, the different room types

available, and the prices for each of the room types. Then the customer can make an

informed decision in what they want. After the reservation is complete the hotel

database will assign a customer ID number to the new customer. But as far as the

customer is concerned they are simply given a confirmation number for their

reservation, which they present upon arrival

How the current system work

As the database development team, we will be creating a database which will have a three

actor system. There will be the following actors: customer, employee, and administrator.

Each will have a varied level of access to the details of the hotel and reservations made at the

hotel. The customer will provide biographical information which will be entered in and

alterable by any of the three actors. The main business process focused around the database

will be creating reservations for the hotel. After the employee submits the customer’s

preferences a query will be done to the database to find a suitable accommodation. As a

secondary process we will allow modification of data states by the Administrator (i.e. change

which floors are smoking/non-smoking).

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Make a Reservation

 Actor(s): Hotel Employees, Administrators

 Description: Employee/Admin will be prompted with menu screen. After choosing

“Employee” and “Make a Reservation”, they will enter in the Customer ID Number.

(Note: If it is a new customer, they must enter in the Customer Information before

making a reservation – see Use Case: Add a Customer). The screen should populate

the customer’s first and last name, address, phone number, and credit card

information. Employee must enter in the date of arrival and departure, tower choice,

and room type. The room number will be populated by availability, so they may

choose any room number in the list. After clicking button “Reserve Room Now”, a

confirmation number will be created.

b. Add a Customer

 Actor(s): Hotel Employees, Administrators

 Description: Employee/Admin will be prompted with menu screen. After choosing

“Employee” and “Add a Customer”, they will enter in the first and last name,

address, city, state, zip code, phone number, and credit card information. After

clicking button “Add Customer Now”, a customer ID number will be created.

c. Cancel a Reservation

 Actor(s): Hotel Employees, Administrators

 Description: Employee/Admin will be prompted with menu screen. After choosing

“Employee” and “Cancel a Reservation”, they will enter in the confirmation number.

After clicking button “Cancel Reservation Now”, a cancellation number/date will be

created.
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d. Change Floor Smoking/Non Smoking Status

 Actor(s): Administrators

 Description: Administrators will be prompted with menu screen. After choosing

“Administrators”, and “Change Floor Status”, they will select the floor to change and

enter in either S or NS. After clicking button “Change Floor Status”, the floor will be

changed to new status.

e. Change Room Pricing

 Actor(s): Administrators

 Description: Administrators will be prompted with menu screen. After choosing

“Administrators”, and “Change Room Pricing”, they will select the room type and

enter in new price. After clicking button “Change Room Pricing”, the price for the

room type will be updated.

f. Change Contact Information

 Actor(s): Customers, Employees,

 Description: They will be prompted with menu screen. After choosing “Change

Contact Information”, they will enter in the Customer ID. Select from the menu what

needs to be changed. They will enter in the new changes for customer. After clicking

button “Change Contact Info Now”, the customer information will be updated.

g. Add Customer Preferences

 Actor(s): Customers, Employees, Administrators

 Description: They will be prompted with menu screen. After choosing “Add

Customer Preferences”, they will enter in the Customer ID. Select the number of
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items requested for each preference. After clicking button “Add Customer

Preferences”, the customer preferences will be added.

h. Change Customer Preferences

 Actor(s): Customers, Employees, Administrators

 Description: They will be prompted with menu screen. After choosing “Change

Customer Preferences”, they will enter in the Customer ID. Select the preference that

needs to be changed. Enter in new amount for that preference. After clicking button

“Change Customer Preferences”, the customer preferences will be updated.

i Check Availability of Hotel

 Actor(s): Customers, Employees, Administrators

 Description: They will be prompted with menu screen. After choosing

“Check Availability”, they will choose tower they would like to stay in.

After clicking button “Check Availability”, the page should display the

room types, prices for room types, and number of rooms available.

j. Profit by Date Report

 Actor(s): Administrators

 Description: Administrators will be prompted with menu screen. After

choosing “Profit by Date”, they will enter the start and end dates (this

time frame will show the profit made). After clicking button “Show Me

the Money”, the page should display the room types and profit made for

those types.

k. Reservation Receipts Reporting

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 Actor(s): Employees, Administrators

 Description: Employees and Administrators will be prompted with menu screen. After

making a reservation, they will enter the customer’s ID number where the reservation

receipt page should display and print out the most current reservation information.

l. Popularity of Rooms Report by Date and/or Time

 Actor(s): Administrators

 Description: Administrators will be prompted with menu screen. After choosing

“Popularity of Rooms Report”, they will enter the start and end dates (this time frame

will show the profit made) and/or choose a time from (e.g. 9AM to 11AM). After

clicking button “Print Report”, the page should display and print out the room types

and amount of reservations made for those types.

v. Estimate Resource:

a) Time

Time means the time that required for a team of personnel to develop a system with a well

structure and well defined purposes and scope.

b) Cost

Tangible cost

Tangible Cost Unit Amount Total

Development

Costs System

Analyst System 1 RM 5,000.00 RM 5,000.00 RM

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Architect 1 RM 5,000.00 5,000.00 RM

Programmer 2 RM 5,000.00 10,000.00 RM

Designer 1 RM 5,000.00 5,000.00 RM

ProjectManager 1 RM 4,000.00 4,000.00 RM

Resource Manager 1 RM 5,000.00 5,000.00 RM

Clerk Accountant 1 RM 2,000.00 2,000.00 RM

Staff 1 RM 5,000.00 5,000.00 RM

20 RM 2,000.00 40,000.00

Software Costs RM 15,000.00 RM 15,000.00

Software License

Hardware Costs

Personal Computer

Pentium IV 1.7GHz 2 RM 13,000.00 RM 26,000.00

Operating Costs RM 2,000.00 RM 2,000.00

Stationary &

Maintenanc

Miscellaneous Costs RM 1000.00 RM 1000.00

Conversion

Total RM 125,000

c. Development staff

Like in most other businesses, managing people is the most complex and difficult aspect of

running a hotel. Managers demand optimal and sustained employee performance because of
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the importance and frequency of interaction with guests. Consequently, managers and their

organizations are required to provide the environment, compensation, and motivation to make

it worthwhile for employees to deliver that level of performance.

This research document focuses on the following dimensions of personnel management:

1: Staff Capabilities:

effective hiring practices 2. Structure and Design of Training Programs: building

systems to support ongoing training (training manuals, flexible training schedules,

accountability for training)

2: Performance Management:

addressing and preventing absenteeism; the “levelling off” effect; and

instilling quality and sales mind-sets 4. Morale Systems: incentives and rewards; career

path planning

Main Features

• Save the client's information into the database prior to Booking or Check in.

• Customize the type of Hotel rooms with prices.

• Booking for the customer for specific date with advance payment.

• Check in into the hotel for the duration.

• Checkout from the hotel after payment operation.

• Each time make a reservation, room status is updated and the customer details are added to

your hotel database

. • Better option for expensive CRM.

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• This system can be used by all of the hotels.

• This project is web-based and is using PHP and Mysql with other web technology.

d. Hardware

The equipment (computer) we currently used is still able to perform the system development

task. We can only use whatever equipment we have. We cannot buy new hardware because

we just change one year before this. Therefore the Project Manager is not allowed us to buy

another new hardware. Now, we are using almost the latest hardware that can be found in the

market. Application programmers use their own personal computers for coding process.

e. Software

We just use whatever software the company has to reduce the cost and increase the revenue.

Some of the software is even ready with the computers. The software that we used in the

development process is:

 Windows 7

 Microsoft office 2010

 Microsoft Project

 Rational Rose

 Avira Anti-Virus software

 Java Programming Language

 Visual C ++ Programming Language

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