Name: - K.

Sanjeevan
Index No: -178666A
Course: - MSc Industrial Automation

Read the attached paper and write short notes on the following questions.

1. Explain the basic requirements for an intelligent building

a) the guarantee of the desirable levels of living quality in all building’s rooms
Currently the global warming is a major issue faced by world, due to excess energy combustion for
increase the living quality in building sectors. At same time for saving energy combustion, we could
not reduce the minimum level of living quality of the building otherwise it will lead the building as
non-livable or habitable spaces. So guarantee the desirable levels of living quality while minimizing
energy consumption is very important requirements for building managements system
b) the necessity for energy savings
As explained earlier, more energy consumptions lead more carbon dioxide emission to environment
to. Thus increasing the co2 emission leads more and more global warmings issues.
2. What type of sensors used in intelligent buildings?

For Indoor: - i) Temperature sensor

ii) Relative Humidity sensor
iii) Air quality sensor such as Co2 sensor
iv) People movement sensor
v) light sensor such as lux level/ illuminance sensor
For Outdoor: - i) Temperature sensor
ii) Relative Humidity sensor
iii) light sensor such as lux level/ illuminance sensor for outdoor
3. Draw a block diagram which indicates all the inputs and outputs of an
intelligent building
Desired outputs to Space
Temperature, Co2 level,
Outdoor sensors input light level

Controller Plant (valves. Etc.)

Set points

Indoor Sensors Feed back

4. Explain how to convert your office building to an intelligent building using BMS. (Minimum 1000
Words)
Introduction of intelligent buildings
The definitions of an intelligent building can be systemically classified by the information and
control services that serve the needs and expectations of the occupants. The specially designed
controlling software and actual electronic hardware and devices installed within the structure that
manipulate the telecommunications and building automation functions are necessary to create such a
facility. Thus, the study of Intelligent Building Integration is now a common topic worldwide
Methodology
Before converting the building into intelligent buildings we need to study the buildings and specify
the requirements as follows.
 Need to identify the buildings nature such as office, manufacturing space, theater etc.
 Existing buildings Size such as: -
 no of staff in the office
 Floor area occupations includes
 Energy consumption per month
 Water consumption per month
 Data usage per month
 Then we need to analysis the requirements for future growth of the office and operational
cost reduction by automating maintenance stuff such as automate the pump operations etc.
 Identifying the Possible Buildings Sub system to convert into intelligent system using BMS
hose are typically follows
 Comprehensive Integration of all utilities, including HVAC automation and
scheduling as per client’s requirement.
 Integration of ventilation and exhaust system to fire and other systems.
 An energy metering system for accurate tenant billing for power consumed by various
elements like UPS, lighting, air-conditioning.
 Integration of Fire Alarm System, Fire Fighting and Public Address System.
 Comprehensive Access Control System with integration of CCTV and Surveillance.
Safety, security integration with onsite and remote monitoring
 Turnstile barriers to regulate access in secure areas.
 Central telecom network
 Electrical systems monitoring and metering systems
 Lighting management systems
 System with automation of pumps
 Monitoring of Vertical Transportation System
 Emergency Voice Communication System for Evacuation
After study and find the significance building subsystem which is mostly need to convert is HVAC
systems

Converting building HVAC systems into intelligent system using BMS

Introduction
The sensors channel the information to the controllers of the HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning, Climate control) systems, which respond accordingly. Sensors and controllers thus help to
optimize the consumption of energy by using networks to relay intelligent inputs detailing the attributes of the
physical environment to building services systems.
Steps of Converting HVAC systems into intelligent
1) List the no of sensor
Identify the no of actuators and associated equipment’s and its servicing spaces to regulate the HVAC system
as follows
- Chiller
- Cooling towers
- AHUs
- FCU
- Chilled water pumps
- Condenser water pumps
- VAV Boxes
- Exhaust fans
- Fresh air fans
Then we need to table the required no of sensors for controlling such system
As an example AHU have two actuators mainly those are fan and chilled water Modulating valve
So we can list the sensors as follows
 Chilled water temperature sensors supply and return
 Water pressure different (differential pressure sensor mostly for water balancing
purpose)
 Air pressure different (differential pressure sensor air type)
 Return air smoke detector (identify fire in service area)
 Co2 sensor (measuring air quality of the sensor)
 Occupants sensors
 Space air temperature sensor
 Supply and return air temperature sensors
 Relative humidity sensors
2) Then draw the systems as indicated below

This picture indicted the various actuators and sensors control of the AHU system

3) Select the suitable controllers based on identified inputs and outputs of the systems
4) Use the best strategy to control the AHU by software as shown in the followings block diagram

5) Then find the Overall HVAC control strategy of the buildings as an example illustration

6) Thus we can convert the other subsystems and integrate by BMS increase the overall building
efficiency
So converting building into intelligent buildings will give followings benefits
There can be possible aspiration to provide an optimized solution of sustainability and intelligence
that will help the agenda of living in a healthy, comfortable, and technologically advanced world.
From a practical perspective, it can provide a way for developers or design teams to value
sustainability of intelligent systems and lay emphasis on a sustainable design strategy. It can help set
up industry standards in the future, which clients can refer to and decide the best suited intelligent
green design for their organizational needs.
It can also help to enhance the productivity and effectiveness of organizations by optimizing energy
consumption, increase user satisfaction, minimize operating costs, and address key environmental
issues.
So, an intelligent building can use both technology and process to create a facility towards safe,
healthy and comfortable and enables productivity and well-being of its occupants. And it can also
exhibit key attributes of environmental sustainability to benefit present and future generations.