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CE 370
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Hydraulic Considerations
Hydraulic Considerations
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Hydraulic Considerations
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Design of Sanitary Sewer
¾ House and building connections:
• Connection from the main sewer to houses or other buildings are
commonly constructed of vitrified clay, concrete, or asbestos cement
pipe.
• Building connections are usually made on about a 2% grade with a
minimum of 6-in or larger pipe.
¾ Collecting sewer:
• Collecting sewer gather flows from individual buildings and transport
them to an interceptor or main sewer.
• Location of these sewers is dictated by local standards.
• The collecting sewer should be capable to carry the flow of the present
and future population of the area it is serving.
• The design flows are the sum of the peak domestic, commercial, and
industrial flows in addition to infiltration flow.
• The collecting sewer must transport this design flow when flowing
full.
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Design of Sanitary Sewer
¾ System Layout:
• The first step in designing a sewerage system is to establish an overall
system layout that includes a plan of the area to be sewered, showing
roads, streets, buildings, other utilities, topography, soil type, etc…
• Care should be taken to include undeveloped areas.
• A tentative layout of collecting sewers and intercepting sewer should
be made.
• The sewer location should minimize the length required while
providing service to the entire area.
• Normally, the sewer slope should follow the ground surface so that
flows can follow the approximate path of the area’s surface drainage.
• In some instances, it may be necessary to lay the sewer slope in
opposition to the surface slope, or to pump the wastes across a
drainage divide.
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Ground surface
Sewer
Ground surface
Sewer
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Design of Sanitary Sewer
¾ Protecting against floodwaters
• Because the volume of sanitary wastewater is small compared to flood
flows, it is important to prevent admittance of large surface-runoff
volumes to the sewers.
• If large quantities of floodwater enter the sewers, the treatment plant
will be overloaded resulting in loss of degree of treatment.
• To prevent or reduce floodwater from entering the sewers:
− The manhole stacks are raised above the flood level (for interceptors
sewers) if possible.
− Watertight manhole covers are employed.
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Inlet Structure of inverted siphon
Excess flow 2
Inflow
Minimum flow 1
Water Level 3
Water Level 2
Water Level 1
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