,

A Practice and Reference Book with

communicative activities

carefully graded exercises

clear grammar explanations

revision units

appendices

A1 - A2

ACTIVE ENGLISH 1

Easy to use and comprehensive, Active English 1 is a discourse-based grammar

book that gives students a true understanding of the English language and how it
works.

Active English 1 enables students at the pre-intermediate level to communicate

with ease and clarity as they develop a natural sense of how, when, and why
English speakers use grammatical structure as they do.

Learning is made easy with clear chapter organization, concise charts and level
appropriate explanations. Structures are presented with authentic examples and
communicative exercises, so students experience and practise language as it
occurs in real life.

The units follow the same structure below:

Reading

Grammar

Vocabulary
Reading

Speaking

Writing

Self-Evaluation

CONTENTS

UNIT 1 PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION 6 Introducing and greeting people

Nationalities; Numbers; Spelling Verb ‘to be’: am, is, are Subject Pronouns: he,
she, it, we, you, they Imperatives ; ‘Wh-’ Questions

UNIT 2 MY FAMILY 16

Describing family members Possessive Adjectives: my, your, her, his Possessive
‘s’; Articles: a, an, the This, That + is ...

Plural form of nouns; These, Those + are ... Adjective + Noun Sentence
Connector: with

Have got; Has got One; Ones

UNIT 3 PEOPLE and PLACES 28

Telling the time and the dates

Days of the week; Months of the year

Apostrophe ‘s’; Prepositions of time and place

Ordinal Numbers; Wh- Questions

Nouns: Countable, Uncountable

There is; There are (+) (-) (?)

a, an, some, any

UNIT 4 TRAFFIC 40

Understanding and following instructions Can; Can’t; expressing abilities and

disabilities Imperatives: Do; Don’t Conjunctions (and; but; or)

Directions; Let’s; making suggestions

UNIT 5 DAILY ROUTINES 49

Simple Present Tense; Do, Don’t Object Pronouns: me, you, him, her, its, us, them
Subject Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it ...

Like; Dislike + ...ing; Talking about films

REVISION 1

UNITS 1 -5

UNIT 6 LEISURE ACTIVITIES

Simple Present Tense; Does, Doesn’t Spelling rules of verbs ending with ‘-s’

Adverbs of Frequency: never, ever, etc.

Prepositions of Time and Place: in, on, at Pronouns

Prepositional Verbs: keen on, afraid of, etc.

UNIT 7 PLANS & INTENTIONS 75

Future Tense: ‘be going to’

Want to ...; Would like to ...

Permission: Can; May; I’d like to Stating a Reason: Because; So ; Verb: get

UNIT 8 DOS & DON’TS 86

Institutions; Offers and Requests; what about, how ab Obligations: have to, must,
etc.
Suggestions: let’s, shall we; Warning: be allowed to

UNIT 9 FEASTS 96

Present Continuous Tense (+) (-) (?)

Simple Present Tense;

Spelling rules of verbs ending with ‘-ing’

Adverbs of Time; now, everyday, etc.

Non-action (stative) verbs; Verbs: Do; Make

UNIT 10 REFRESHMENTS 107

a, an, some, any

Quantities: How much; How many a little, a few, a lot of (lots)

Request: Can; May; I want; I’d like Talking about food and drinks etc.

REVISION 2 115

UNITS 6-10

UNIT 11 NOW & THEN 121

Past Simple (was; were); There was; There were ‘Wh-’ Questions

Possessive Pronouns: mine, yours, his, etc.

Pronouns; Used to; Adjectives Verb: get (getting + adjective)

UNIT 12 A DETECTIVE STORY 130

Simple Past Tense (regular & irregular verbs)

Did; Before; After ‘Wh-’ Questions; ‘Yes-No’ Questions Detective Vocabulary

UNIT 13 FAMOUS PEOPLE 143

Adjectives: Comparative & Superlative Forms Comparing adverbs and adjectives
Comparing nouns and verbs Adverbs: adjective + ly; Describing People

UNIT 14 HOPES for the FUTURE 155

Simple Future Tense: will, shall I’ll be ..., I’ll probably be ..., I think ...

Adverbs of time: tomorrow, next week, soon Enough, too

Somebody, anybody, nobody, somewhere ... Adjectives (noun + y); ‘Wh-’

Questions

Profession names (noun, verb + -er, -or, -ist)

Nouns: (verb + -ment, -ion, -ation, -ing)

Revision of Tenses: Simple Future, Present Continuous

UNIT 15 HEALTH & SPORTS 167

Had to, Didn’t have to; Could, Couldn’t If Clauses (Conditionals); If, When Verb:
Keep; Phrases we use in a letter Health Vocabulary

REVISION 3 177

UNITS 11-15

UNIT 16 PAST ACTIVITIES 183

Past Continuous Tense: was, were + -ing Sentence Connectors: When, While, As
‘Wh-’ Questions

Adjectives: verb + -ing, -ed, -ant, -able ...

Past Simple - Past Continuous

UNIT 17 PEOPLE PROFILES 192

Relative Pronouns: Who, Which, Whose, That Order Rules of Adjectives Phrasal
Verbs; Articles (a(n), the)
Prefix: ‘-un’: (-un + adjective, adverb)

UNIT 18 CLIMATE 201

Adverbs: Comparative & Superlative Forms Adjectives: Comparative &

Superlative Forms Tag Questions: Did I?, Are you?, Isn’t it?, etc.

Giving information about climate

Verb: Get; Weather and Climate Vocabulary

Phrases with: Around, Round

UNIT 19 EXPERIENCES 212

Present Perfect Tense

Past Participle form of the verb

Time Expressions: Already, Just, Yet, Never

Verb: Take

Prepositions: down, up - off, on

UNIT 20 SUPERSTITIONS 222

Giving opinion about beliefs and cultural differences; Superstition Vocabulary

Sentence Connectors: In spite of, altough, etc. Prefixes: -dis, -re Adjectives: noun
+ -ful, -less

UNIT 21 FASHION 232

Relative Pronouns: Who, Which, Whose, etc.

Defining Relative Clauses Giving information about Present, Past Giving

information about Future Articles: a(n), the

Fashion, Clothes and Wearing Vocabulary

UNIT 22 PARTY 244

Present Continuous and Simple Present Tense

with future meaning

‘Wh-’ Questions ;Tag Questions

Expressing a possibility: May, Might

Excuse expressions; phrasal verbs: Take, Have

Word Family Table: making new words with ‘Prefixes

and Suffixes’

REVISION 4 256

UNITS 16-22

IRREGULAR VERBS 263

PREFIXES & SUFFIXES 266

NATIONALITIES 268

NUMBERS; MEASURES & UNITS 270 FAMILY 272

PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION

READING

Wang: Hi! I’m Wang. I’m from China.

Nergiz: Hi! Wang. I’m Nergiz. I’m from Turkey.

Wang: Nice to meet you, Nergiz.

Nergiz: Nice to meet you too,Wang.

Wang, this is my friend, Ahmet.

Ahmet: How are you Wang?

Wang: Fine thanks and you, Ahmet?

Ahmet: Fine thanks.What about your girl friend?

What is her name?

Wang: Oh! This is Mary.

Ahmet: Hi! Nice to meet you, Mary.

Nergiz: Hello! Nice to meet you, Mary. How old are you?

Mary: I’m eighteen years old. And you?

Nergiz: I’m nineteen.What’s your nationality?

Mary: I’m Italian. I’m from Italy.

Ahmet: Your English is very good. Are you a student?

Mary: Yes, I am. I am a student at Istanbul University.

A- Complete the dialogues and practise with your friends.

LOOK OVER THE SPEAKING SECTION ON PAGE 14.

Altan: Good !

Daniel: Good morning!

Altan: I am Altan. What’s your name?

Daniel: My name’s Daniel.

Altan: Where are you from, Daniel?

Daniel: I’m the USA, and you?

Altan: I’m Turkey.

Daniel: This is my friend, Mary. She is from England.

Mary: Hi, Altan. Pleased to .

Altan:meet you.

A: me! What’s your name?

B: My name’s Bob.

A: spell it?

B: B - O - B A: Thank you.

B: Not .

Ayse:Tommy, this is my mum, Serap and my dad, Sedat.

Tommy: How ?

Serap/Sedat: Glad to .Tommy.

Rose: , Nancy.

Nancy: Good afternoon, Rose.

you?

Rose: Not bad, thanks. And you?

Nancy: F , .

Alice: Good night, mum.

Mum: G .Alice.

B- Choose the correct answers.

A: How are you? B:

a. I’m fine, thank you. And you? b. Have a nice day

A: How are you? B:

a. Have a nice day. b. Nice to meet you.

A: Hello! B:

a. Hello! b. Not bad, thanks.

A:What’s your phone number? B:

a.Thank you very much. b. Hello, extension four two. c. Eight, six, double, four,
two, five.

A: Hello, I’m Rose. B:

a. Pleased to meet you. b.What’s your name?

A: How do you do? B:

a. Glad to meet you. b. Goodbye

A: How do you spell it? B:

a. Not bad, thank you. b. M-A-R-T-l-N

A: See you later. B:

a. Good afternoon b. OK. See you, bye.

A: What’s your home address? B:

a. Double, one, two, four, five, six. b. Ay^enur Derici.

10- A: Is it Lu? B:

a- No, sorry.b. Pleased to meet you.

you are not / I.

she is not / 1 _
we are /

we are not / I _

10. they are not / 1

ELF EVALUATION
SPEAKING

A- Make your own dialogues: Introducing, greeting, giving information about

nationalities, addresses and telephone numbers.

LOOK OVER THE DIALOGUES ON PAGE 6-7.

Please

Thank you / Thanks

You're welcome

Not at all

Good morning!

Good afternoon!

Good evening!

Good night!

Have a nice day!

Bye! / Goodbye!

See you / See you later

OK / Great

B- Write a paragraph about yourself by answering the questions.

What is your name?

How old are you?

Where are you from?

What is your nationality?

What is your father’s job?

How old is he?

What is your mother’s job?

How old is she?

What is your address?

What is your telephone number?

SELF-EVALUATION
SPEAKING

A- Make your own dialogues: Asking for and telling the dates, asking for and
telling the time, describing places.

What time...?
have got an appointment

have got a date

the names of days,

months, seasons: Monday,

January, Spring etc.

(Autumn=Fall)

at / in / on

C- Make a list of your important days.

When is your birthday?

When is your parents’ wedding anniversary ?

When is your brother’s or sister’s birthday?

When is your best friend’s birthday?

When is New Year’s holiday?

B- Is your house nice for you?

WRITING

A- Make a paragraph about your house by answering the questions.

Where I live...
Where is your house?

How many rooms have you got?

Is it a flat or a house with a garden?

Has it got a big garden or a small one?

Is the kitchen small or big?

How many cupboards have you got in your bedroom?

What is the living room like?

What kind of decorations are there in your living room?

Are there any pictures on the walls?

B- Explain what is in your agenda this week.

SELF-EVALUATION

CAN DO (tick S)

I can say where things are.

I can tell the time.

I can name days, months and seasons.

e.g. 1. On Monday I’ve got a tennis match from 8:30 to 9:30.

On Tuesday

On Wednesday
On Thursday.

On Friday.

On Saturday.

On Sunday
D- Fill in the blanks with ‘can/can’t’.

You take photos in the museum, but you use a flash.

The light is green, you cross the street.

She is very rich. She buy a new car. g. stucjents wear jeans at school.

There is some fish in the fridge.We cook it. 9 you feed the anjma|s at the
zoo.

You drink that water, it is very dirty. 1 Q you

E- Write the things they ‘can’t do’ or ‘can do’.

Can’t do Can do

My father play chess

My mother cook verv well

Children play computer games

We answer the questions now

Si merman lift a car

Ahmet play an instrument

GUI’s speak three foreign languages

swim fast-

DDPS fly
A pilot fly planes

1 ride a horse |

e.g My father can play chess.

GUI’s grandmother

Banu

Dogs

A pilot

10.1

F- Rewrite the sentences using ‘and / but / or’.

Defne’s grandmother is very old. She can see. She can’t hear.

Defne’s grandmother is very old. She can see but she can’t hear.

Willy is a-three-years-old child. He can’t read. He can’t write.

Willy is a-three-year-old child. He can’t read or he can’t write.

Gaye is a sportive girl. She can swim. She can wind-surf.

Gaye is a sportive girl. She can swim and she can wind-surf.

My father can play tennis. He can play football.

My mother can play the piano. She can’t play the violin.

L—’ ~ "

My sister is good at tennis. She isn’t good at basketball.

My brother can’t speak English. He can’t write English.

. He’s an actor. He can’t sing. He can dance.

. I can’t play tennis. I can’t play football.

- Complete the dialogues with ‘Let’s...’,

|g A: What’s that terrible noise? (have a look)

B: Let’s have a look.

. A: Ay$e is bored of studying English, (go to the park)

Pm a . I can play instruments.

My grandmother is . She can’t hear very well.

My sister is . She can play volleyball very well.

It’s today. We can’t play in the garden.

I’ve got tickets.You and I can go to the cinema.

B- Circle the odd word.

stop / wait / don’t / move / go

stop / enter / go / drive

red / green / yellow / pink

driving licence / traffic police / ID card / traffic rules

Don’t park / Don’t turn left / Don’t turn right / Turn left

China / London / Beijing / New York

(STOP

Look at the plan below and tell how to go to.

C- Match the words with their meanings.

Stop

Hurry up

Terrible

Crash

Examine

matter

on the way

alright

phone
certainly
GRAMMAR

E- Rewrite the sentences with an ‘Object Pronoun*.

Subject Pronouns I you he she it | we you they

Object Pronouns me f you I him her it us you them

e.g. I can’t find my shoes.

i can’t find them.

like my friends.

7. The letters are for you and me.

3. Ask grandma what time it is.

9. This rose is for my mother.

like my cat.

F- Complete the sentences with a suitable ‘Object Pronoun’.

don’t need this book. You can have _

don’t like these T-shirts.You can wear

I don’t go to parties. I don’t like

This letter isn’t for me. It’s for

want the newspaper. Please give it to

likeAy^e’s mother but I don’t like father.

_ _ live inAydin but their daughter lives in Antalya.

like volleyball. It’s my favourite sport.

A: Where are my trousers?

Bt ’re in your cupboard.

A: Who’s this boy in the picture?

B; *s my little brother.

We want to go to the cinema this Saturday. Can you join

Ali, I need to see

Sir, can help you?

Can you help — with my hair, please?

It has got four kittens kittens are in the box.

Fill in the blanks with a suitable word.
A TEXAS TRADITION: ‘TEN GALLON HAT’

Ten gallon hats are popular inTexas.They are cowboy hats. A ten gallon hat is
very big. It has got a wide brim.Texas has got strong cowboy traditions. People in
this state of the USA are proud of these traditions.That’s why they like their ten
gallon hats.

ride / Japanese / Mexico / like / Scotland

women wear.

Kilt is a kind of skirt Scotsmen wear in

Cowboys horses and wear cowboy hats.

PEAKING

Do you like horror films? Why?

Make your own dialogues: Expressing likes and dislikes.

What is a ten-gallon hat like?

What do people like in Texas?

12. Why do people need to wear sombreros in Mexico?

B- Write true (T) or false (F).

Ten gallon hats are popular in Texas. (

Both a ten-gallon hat and sombrero have got wide brims (

These hats protect people from the sun (

Texas is a city in England (

Texas has got strong cowboy traditions (

Sombreros protect Mexican people from rain (

Mexico is a very sunny country(

RUING

rite paragraphs about yourself and your daily life by answering the questions.

1. What’s your name?

. How old are you?

. Are you tall or short?

Are you slim or plump?

What colour eyes have you got?

What is your hair like?

How many rooms are there in your flat?

Is there a balcony?

Is there a garden around the building?

LEISURE ACTIVITIES

20- Fill in the blanks with a suitable preposition ‘in/on/at’.

My birthday is the 12th of April.

have breakfast with my family the morning.

Do you eat lunch noon?

We usually go fishing Sunday afternoon.

Is there a stamp the envelope?

My sister is usually home 6 p.m.

Don’t sit the grass. It is forbidden.

There is a party June.

We turn off the TV midnight.

It is summer January and it is winter July New Zealand.

EADING

ill: You really look fit, Paul. Do you exercise regularly?

aul: I always get up very early, and I lift weights for an hour.

ill: You’re kidding!

aul: No.Then I often go jogging.

ill: Wow! How often do you exercise like that?

•aul: About five times a week. Sometimes my sister comes with me. till: Really?
Does she like sports, too?

•aul: Yes, she does. She’s a real fitness freak. What about you, Bill? (ill: Oh, I
rarely exercise. I usually just watch TV in my free time.

I guess, Pm a real couch potato!

Complete the dialogues and practise with your friends.

|oOK OVER THE SPEAKING SECTION ON PAGE 73.

I A: Do you go to a fitness centre?

B: Yes, I go every day.

A: Every day? How long do you stay there?

1 B: Well, 10:00 a.m. 16:00 p.m.

A: You’re k !

B: No, I’m cabout fitness.

A: I think you are a f .

A: Let’s basketball.

B: No, I can’t. I’m r tired today.

A: What’s a couch p ?

B: A couch potato is my husband.

A: What?

B: Yes, dear. He gets up late, he doesn’t walk.

He stays at home all day and watches TV. A: I stand a man like him.

A: Well, what is your opinion the new

student?

B: me, he looks very sensitive and

intelligent.

A: Where do work?

B: I run a music shop.

A: Amazing! What k of music do people

listen to these days?

B: Rock’n roll I g .
A: I’m sorry I’m late. I missed the train.

B: N mind! And I missed the bus.We are

here at the same time.

A: He talks a lot about his sport activities.

B: All all he does rafting.

A: Do you always go home before the kids?

B: Yes, I try to get before them.

■A: Why?

B: Because they eat j f°°d *f * ^on t

Lome home in time.

A: Let’s visit our new neighbour.

B: OK! Great idea. I guess he feels I. A: Yes, he feels lonely.

GRAMMAR

A- Fill in the blanks with a suitable verb given below.

read / say / sing / ride / visit / rain

She her bike to school every morning.

She usually
Our parrot only

B- Learn and Practise the Spelling rules of verbs ending with -s.

verbs ending with -x/s/ss/ch/sh/o + ^es

verbs ending with -y ies

verbs ending with -ay/ey/oy/uy -> ^s

Put these ‘verbs’ in the correct box with their correct spellings when we add

pass / wash / watch / fix / go / study / try / buy / play / teach / brush / rise / reply /
fly / laugh / put / push /do / boil / tidy / get / surf / stay / reach / begin / start / finish

C- Rewrite these simple present sentences in ‘negative form’

g. She likes comedy films.

She doesn’t like comedy films.

Dad rests in the living room after dinner.

Kemal stays in bed until I 1:00 o’clock.

|g. She likes milk in her coffee.

Does she like milk in her coffee?

She speaks French.

T; His cat catches mice.

E- Write their likes and dislikes:

1 SUBJECT LIKES DISLIKES

TOM
1 •• 4>A

I BETH

4 #

r-r

CCS *

WE V w

THEY reading poems reading texts

SHE horror films war films

Answer the questions in ‘short form’.

|. Does she like milk in her coffee? (-) Does he like oranges?(+) No, she doesn’t.
Yes, he does.

Does she speak French? (-) oes his cat catch mice? (+)

Does my brother want to come with us? (-) poes Sandra work in a bookshop? (+)
READING

A DAY AT WORK

Mike Crawford is a guide. He lives and works in Vancouver, Canada. He is

married and has got two children. He spends all his time in the city and the
surroundings. He usually takes tourists from the airport and shows them the city.
He first takes them to historical places and shows them the Steam Clock.

Then he takes them to fashionable Robson Street He always takes the tourists to
Stanley Park.There are many totem poles and an aquarium in this park. Sometimes
he takes the tourists to Vancouver Island by ferry boat.Vancouver Island is famous
for Butchart Gardens. Mike likes his job and finds it very interesting. He meets a
lot of people all over the world and he is always happy to show them around.
EAKING

Make your own dialogues: Describing 3bits, daily routines.

- Discuss these questions with your assmates.

'hat is your favourite subject at school? Why?

'hat do you like doing after school?

'hat kind of activities do you like?

RUING
B- Complete the sentences of the future ‘be going to1 in ‘negative form’.

e.g. I am not going to study physics. Pm going to study medicine.

C- Circle the odd word.

D- Match the words to their definitions.

visiting the important buildings, historical places

having the ability of doing something well

very happy of something

someone who is enthusiastic about a film star, singer, film, etc.

interested in
E- Choose the synonyms of the underlined words.

)ear Grandma and Grandpa,

Ve got good news for you. I’m going to visit you in my summer holiday. I’m
going to travel by bus I’m ng to leave Istanbul in the morning and arrive in Ka?
in the evening. I’m going to leave next month ope you are going to meet me at the
station.

Well, that's all for now. Hope to see you soon. love, Leyla

|^- Write ‘False’ (F) or ‘True’ (T).

. Leyla has got bad news for her grandparents. (

. Leyla is going to visit her aunt for her summer holiday. ( . She’s going to visit
her grandparents. (

. Leyla’s grandparents live in Kastamonu. (

. They live in Ka$. (

, She’s going to travel by train. (

Leyla is going to leave Istanbul in the morning. (

She is going to arrive in Kas in the morning, too. ( She’s going to arrive in Ka$ in
the evening. (

Leyla is going to Kas now. (

She’s going to see her grandparents next month. ( Her grandparents are going to
meet her. (

Answer the questions.

1. Where is Leyla going to spend her summer holiday?

IIT 8

SPEAKING

A- Make your own dialogues: Expressing obligations, making suggestions,

Complete the sentences with mustn t or can V. Use the prompts: accepting and
refusing suggestions.
WRITING

Imagine you are a new student at university and you stay in a dormit because your
house is far away. What are the dormitory rules and regulations?

READING

Tina: Kim, what are you doing?

Kim: I’m doing a crossword.What about you?

Are you doing your homework?

Tina: No, I’m not doing my homework. I’m just reading.

Kim: What are you reading these days?

Tina: I’m reading a book about Ottoman History at the moment. Kim: Are you
enjoying it?

Tina: Oh, yes. It’s fantastic. Do you want to read it?

Kim: Not now. I’m taking exams this week.

Tina: Good luck!

Complete the dialogues and practise with your friends.

LOOK OVER THE SPEAKING SECTION ON PAGE 105.

A: When do you have family parties?

B: Well, we usually c all our family members’ birthdays.

A: Don’t you have any feasts in your country?

B: Of course we have.We have two very important religious

A: What’s going on?

B: We are doing p

A: Oh, how nice!

A: Whose w

B: Serna and Sami are getting married.They’re having a ceremony at the Grand
Hall.

A: When is your b ?

B: November 31st.

A: Do you know November 3 Ist is Halloween in my country?

B: No, I don’t.What is ‘Halloween’?

A: People believe you can see ghosts and witches this night.

B: How do you celebrate it?

A: Children wear strange c and knock on their neighbours’ door. And the
neighbours gi'

children some candy or money.

B: Do you really see ghosts and witches that night?

A: Of course not, it’s only a tradition.

A: Who is your sister getting

B: She’s getting married to her school friend Andrew.

A: Hi! What are you -

B: Hi! I’m making some drinks. It’s Gary’s birthday today. We’re making him a
s A: Oh, really? Are you having a party tonight?

B: Yes, we are.
weekend parties with your grandparents?

iter left.

and wish for health, wealth and happiness.

use ^resent Continuous’ to describe an action happening now. ) subject + am / is

/ are + verb + ing + object

The birds

My sister is at a party now.She (enjoy) it.

Peter (draw) a funny cartoon.

(eat) in the park. 9. My parents (make) a cake for my birthday.

UNIT E,T 9

Complete the sentences in ‘Present Continuous’ or ‘Simple Present Tens^_

choose the right verb.

The ‘Present Continuous Tense* is used to talk about something which is

happening now. The ‘Simple Present Tense’ is used to talk about something which
always or usually

happens. °

I 1. Snow melts / is melting in spring.

I usually am doing / do my homework after dinner.

We are studying / study the simple present and present continuous tense today.

ADVER BSOFTIME

Present Continuous Simple Present 1

now every day / every week / every month

just now every year / every morning / every afternoon

right now everv evening / every night 1 in the morning(s

at the moment in the afternoon(s) / in the evenmg(s) / at night

at this time _ on Monday. Friday, etc./often / usually / always

these days sometimes / never / often / seldom, etc. ■

this year / month / week / etc. _

magazines, but now she tennis, but she

the piano, but now she’s at home, but today he

to the movies, but he

a novel.
_ volleyball now.

the guitar.

out with his friends.

to the theatre now.

VOCABULARY

A- Complete the sentences with a suitable verb ‘make1 or ‘do’ in the correct form.
Answer the questions.

&re they having dinner or lunch?

■What is the name of the restaurant?

o they often go to this restaurant?

hat does Sue usually have for dessert?

she having apple pie tonight? fe Harry ordering the same meal as usual?

- Fill in the blanks.

Talways has with his meal but today he may order something . Sue doesn't want

r1 tonight.They both are something different.

H- Fill in the blanks with ‘can’ or ‘may’.

We use ‘can’ or ‘may* for requests. ‘May’ is more polite than ‘Can*.

Can + I + verb + object? (informal) May + I + verb + object? (formal)

A: I help you, Sir?

B: Yes, please. I need a piece of paper.

A: I come in?
B: Of course, you can.

A: I help you?

B: Thank you. I need help to carry this bag.

A: I have your pen?

B: Yes, here you are.

A: I help you with the washing up?

B: Oh, thanks a lot.

I- Make sentences with ‘Would you like..?’ and ‘Do you want...?’.

We use ‘Would you like....?’ to make polite offers. Would you like ...? = Do you
want...

e.g. You are chewing some chewing gum and a friend is near you.

Do you want some chewing gum? / Would you like some chewing gum? 1. You
are eating a piece of cake and your sister is watching you.

Organize the words according to the following categories.

>RDS: milk, oil, flour, cinnamon, pepper, curry powder, vanillin, apple, banana,
peach, pear, lamb, chicken, carrot, meatball, fish, bread, cheese, lettuce,
aubergine, beans, broccoli, pasta, butter, beef

| Fruit |_Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Spices

ijsmnm
WRITING

Which vegetables, fruit, carbohydrates, proteins, spices do you especially like?

Which do you hate? Answer these questions filling in the box.

e.g. I like vegetables because they are good for our health.

I don’t like vegetables because they taste horrible.

I especially like because

I hate because

I fruit because

I carbohydrates because
I fats because

I proteins because

I spices because

Complete the sentences with ‘Simple Present Form’ of the verb.

e.g. We like (like) sushi.

(love) fresh fruit.

Jim (have) a shower every morning.

They (use) a lot of sugar in the cake. 6. The concert

Complete the sentences with form ‘like + -ing\

play / have / write / collect / watch / dance

at the Shakespeare School.This my son. His name Paul. He a university
student. My

daughter and my son very good at their schools.

| keen on cycling. It my favourite pastime. My wife, Christina keen

on

reading. She very good at languages. I a doctor and we a happy family. Our

children Mary and Paul not keen on cyding.They keen on playing tennis. Their
mothefi

Christina not keen on playing tennis or cycling. She ‘ 1 "" lf

B- Complete the sentences with a suitable adjective:

I alone / punctual / patient / skinny / contemporary / intellectual / shy / ancient /

curious / stressful

She’s a girl. She never talks loudly.

She’s interested in history.

The girl was like a skeleton.

You always put your nose into other people’s business. Are you always

She was before the exam.

Mrs. Nelson is a person, she never gets angry.

My grandfather is an person. He always reads.

He is a person. He is never late.

Are you going to Italy or with your friend?

My grandmother is a woman. She always follows the trend.

C- Fill in the blanks with a suitable expression using ‘get’.

‘Get* is so common with certain some words which is easy to learn them as
expressions.

v - It’s / I’m getting + adjective

B: Yes, it is. I’m going to turn on the heating.

A:

B: OK, let’s have something to eat then.

A:

B: Yes, me too. Let’s open the window.

A:

B :Yes, I’m going to turn the lights on.

A:

B: No, you aren’t.You’re getting better.You understand more now.

D- Match the words with their opposites.

1. old X

2. contemporary X

3. uninterested X

4. punctual X
5. die X

E- Make meaningful sentences by matching phrases ‘A to B and C.

A painter

A writer

A footballer

A traveller

A singer

READING

WHERE WERE YOU?

In a small town in southeast England somebody is drawing graffiti on buildings.

Detective Johnson is interviewing a suspect

D:Where were you at 9 a.m. in the morning?

X: I was at the supermarket.

D: Where were you at a quarter past nine?

X: I was in the car park in front of the supermarket.

D: Where were you at 10 o’clock?

X: I was at the hairdresser’s. It’s next to the supermarket.

D:Were you at the hairdresser’s at half past ten?

X: No, I wasn’t D:Where were you then?

X: I was at the post office.

D:Were you there at a quarter to eleven?

X:Yes, I was.

D:Were you there at I I ?

X: No, I wasn’t. I was at home then.

D:Where is your home?

X: It’s next to the hairdresser’s.

What do you think? Is she telling the truth?

A- Write ‘True’ (T) or ‘False’ (F).

1 • Johnson is a detective. ( )

The suspect was at the supermarket 10 o’clock. ( )

3- The suspect was at the hairdresser’s at 10 o’clock. ( )

The suspect was at the post office at half past ten. ( )

5- The hairdresser’s is next to the supermarket. ( )

Complete the dialogues and practise with your friends.

LOOK OVER SPEAKING SECTION ON PAGE 141.

Tony: I stayed at home Monday. I didn’t go to school.

Rob: Some people are really lucky! What you do?

Tony: Oh, I watched television, I read some magazines, I played computer games.
Rob: I can’t b it!

Tony: It’s true. And I also stayed in bed.

Rob: I get it now.You ill.

Tony: A bit. I had a sore throat.

A: Who does Mrs.Tracy live with?

B: She lives her son.

A: What do you know about him?

B: He’s a s young man. He cares about his mother’s feelings.

10. A: Do you like reading before falling asleep?

B: No, I because I fall asleep early when I read something. And that makes
me angry.

A: Hmm.

B: Because I can never finish reading what I start.

GRAMMAR

A- Write the Past Simple Forms of the Verbs.

-We use ‘Simple Past Tense* to describe something that happened at a particular
time in the past. We know when it happened.

-We add ‘-ed* to the end of the verb in positive form.

-When there is ‘did/didn*t* in the sentence we do not add ‘-ed* to the verb.

-Verbs ending with ‘-ed* are regular verbs and are called Verb2 .

-There are many verbs which we do not add ‘-ed* which are called ‘irregular
verbs*.
Spelling rules of adding ‘-ed’:

- Normally, we add -ed* after regular verbs:

play - played

-When regular verbs end in *-e\ we add only ‘-d’: like - liked

-When they end in the consonant *y\ we take off the ‘y* and add ‘-led*: study -
studied

-When ending with one vowel between two consonants, we double the last
consonant and add ‘-ed’

stop - stopped

say

pay

drive

find

speak

make

read

cost

sing -

sell

of the verbs using the ‘Simple Past

e.g. I went (go) to school yesterday.

1. Mary (come) to see me at the weekend.

2. My son (break) the neighbour’s window yesterday.

3. The bus (arrive) in time.

4. My mum (cook) beans last night.

5. Her boyfriend (bring) her some flowers last Saturday.

6.1 (keep) all the old photographs.

7. We (eat) pizza last night.

8. They (come) very late last night because they

9. All the students (get) high marks from the last exam.

10. It (rain) last night.

C- Rewrite the sentences in ‘The Simple Past Tense’.

g. He picks up his children from school every day.

He picked up his children from school yesterday

The detective asks a lot of questions.

I usually travel by bus.

She goes to Ankara every month.

They spend their holiday in Bodrum every summer.

Mum washes the curtains four times a year.

D- Rewrite the sentences in ‘question form’ and then in ‘negative form’.

g. They opened the boxes yesterday.

(?) Did they open the boxes yesterday?

(-) They didn’t open the boxes yesterday.

They studied the new chapter in class this morning.

P):

(-):

They came to the cinema with us.

(?):

(-): :

We knew the answer.

(?):

(-):

He went to his relatives for New Year.

(?):

(-):

She had a lot of toys to play with with her friends.

(0:

(-):

E- Ask and answer the questions in ‘short form’.

g. he / go / to the cinema (-)

Did he go to the cinema? No, he didn’t.

you / play / tennis (-)

she / talk / to an English tourist (+)

Did the police catch the .
They arrested him for the supermarket last week.

They are him for stealing an old women’s handbag.

They say he is of killing Mr.Tex.

The was lying on the floor in blood.

Last week the police finally had a for the murder.

To kill someone is a .

When you drive above the speed limit or when you park illegally you

C- Match the definitions with their correct words and fill in the blanks.

investigate(v) / inspector (n) /catch (v) /eye-witness (n) / innocent (adj) /chase (v)
/ guilty (adj)

gunshot (n) / search (v) / criminal (n) / report (v) /pursue (v) /question (v) /
fingerprint (n) /sirens (n)

confused (adj) :

to disappear (v) :

true (adj) :

truth (n) :

to believe (v) :

to realise (v):

to miss (v) : 1..

2.
D- Look up these words in a dictionary and use them in a sentence.

sensitive (adj) :
anxious (adj) :

furious (adj) :

addict (n) :

conflict (n) :

He answers the questions very .

She finished her first call and dialled a new number .

3* she is living with them.

4- I had no time to visit him at the hospital this evening.

B: I’m singing.

A: Who do you think you

B: I am one of the Spice Girls.

A: How was the film you saw last night?

B: It was the interesting film I have

A: Did you meet Mr. Kyle’s son?

B: Yes, I . He’s more friendly

GRAMMAR

We use comparative form of adjectives to compare two things, people, etc..

We add ‘-er* to short adjectives.

We use ‘more + adjective* with long adjectives (2-3 and more syllables).

We use ‘than’ to make comparison:

e.g. My house is smaller than yours. / My house is more expensive than yours.
We use the + superlative form + of / in to compare one person or thing with more
than one

person or thing in the same group.

We use of / in only for places:

We add ‘-est* to short adjectives.

We use ‘most + adjective* with long adjectives. (2-3 and more syllables).

We use ‘the*.

e.g. Jenny is the tallest girl in her class. / He’s got the most expensive car in the
town.

B- Complete the sentences using the ‘Comparative Form’ of the adjectives.

g. The maths test was not easy.The grammar test was easie;

Their daughter is not kind. Our daughter is

Your grandma is not so old. Helen’s grandma is

Your books are not heavy. My books are

Yesterday the weather wasn’t good.Today it’s

The brown coat is not nice.The black one is

Mike’s ideas are not very interesting.Yours are

Andy’s car isn’t very fast. He wants a

This sofa is not very comfortable. Do you have a

It isn’t very warm today. Yesterday it was

Ankara isn’t very beautiful. Istanbul is

C- Complete the sentences with ‘Comparative Form of the adjective given + than’.

e.g. I’m 14 years old. My sister is 20 years old. (young)

I’m younger than my sister.

Behzat’s bike costs 500TL. Ali’s bike costs 350TL. (expensive)

Behzat’s bike is

My grandma is 70 years old. Lale’s grandma is 80 years old. (old)

Lale’s grandma is

My bag weighs 50 kilos. My parents’ bag weighs 90 kilos, (heavy)

My parents’ bag is

Verda is a very good dancer. Her boyfriend is not very good, (good)

Verda is a

Yesterday the temperature was 10 degrees.Today it is 15 degrees, (cold)

Yesterday it was

Alice starts work at 8 o’clock. Ted starts work at 9 o’clock, (early)

Alice starts work

My mum is very patient. My dad isn’t very patient.

My mum is

My son is very intelligent. My daughter isn’t very intelligent.

My son is

I speak French very well. My wife speaks French but not very well.

I speak French
The weather was very bad yesterday. Today it’s a bit better.

The weather was

D- Complete the sentences using the ‘Superlative Form of the adjectives used in
the first sentence’.

F- Complete with ‘Comparative or Superlative’ form of adjectives.

e.g. Who is the tallest (tall) girl in your class?

History is

This jewellery shop is

Steve is

Kathy is

Are lions

August is

What is

This book is

Which do you like

Nothing is

e.g. Roses are very nice flowers.They are the nicest flowers of all.

Audrey is very popular. She’s student in our school.

This book is very interesting. It’s book of all.

The geography test was very easy. It was of all.

Asia is very large. It’s continent in the world.

Mrs. Gilmore is a very good teacher. She’s ~ teacher of all.

It was very cold yesterday. It was day of the year.

The market was very cheap. It was of all.

It was a very happy birthday. It was birthday of my life.

It was a very bad film. It was film of the year.

That’s a boring book. It’s book in my library.

E- Complete the sentences. Use the ‘Superlative Form’ of the adjectives.

river - animal - city - mountain - university - lake

e.g. Sydney is the largest city in Australia.

Everest is

The Missouri River is

The cheetah is

Adana is

Istanbul University is

istanbul is

Erzurum is

Mt.Agri is

Lake Van is

The river Kizilirmak is

G- Rewrite the sentences using ‘less’ or ‘more’ without changing the meaning.

e.g. My book is more interesting than yours. Maths is less difficult than geometry.

Your book is less interesting than mine. Geometry is more difficult than maths.

Madonna is more popular than Sertab Erener.

am more forgetful than you.

istanbul is less crowded than Calcutta.

Mt. Everest is more dangerous than Mt.Agri.

English is less difficult than Japanese.

Judy Foster is less beautiful than Sandra Bullock.

Ethiopia is less modern than England.

A laptop is more expensive than a DVD player.

A giraffe is less dangerous than a leopard.

Football is more important for Turks than baseball.

H- Answer the questions:

e.g. Which city is bigger, Paris or New York?

New York is bigger than Paris.

Which animal is heavier, an elephant or a lion?

Which one is faster, a car or a train?

K- Make sentences using ‘the same ... as .

e.g Andy is 21. Linda is 21. (age)

Andy is the same age as Linda. / Linda is the same age as Andy.

My father is 45. My mother is 45. (age)

M- Choose an adjective from the box, change it into adverb and then complete the
sentences.

hard / slow / quiet / happy / bad / early / perfect / late

e.g. John speaks English perfectly.

Mary studied very for the test.

Talk please! The baby is sleeping’.

Ben always gets up very because he starts work at 7:30 a.m..

‘Please drive more . I feel sick’

The children agreed to go to the cinema with their auntThey love films!

Susan went home and her parents didn’t like it.

They lost the match because they played

N- Choose the correct word (adjective or adverb) to complete the sentences

correctly.

Jack drives very . (careful / carefully)

Ann worked very . (hard / hardly)

Jim can run very . (fast / fastly)

It’s raining . (heavy / heavily)

Susan got up . . * (lately / late)

My grandmother is walking (slow / slowly)

This exercise is very . (easy / easily)

Rabbits can run very . (quick / quickly)

Ayla is playing with her dolls. (happy / happily)

You look today. (unhappy / unhappily)

She speaks German . (well / good)

speak English . (bad / badly)

want to go to bed. I am very (tired / tiredly)

Seren is a student (brilliant / brilliantly)

She speaks English . (perfect / perfectly)

VOCABULARY

We make ‘adverbs’ from ‘adjectives’; and We make ‘nouns’ from ‘verbs’.

A- Underline adjectives and adverbs.

He’s a terrible singer. He sings terribly.

She’s a bad dancer. She dances badly.

He’s a fast player. He plays fast.

Mike Tyson is a good boxer. He boxes well.

B- Underline the nouns and verbs.

He’s a terrible singer. He sings terribly.

She’s a bad dancer. She dances badly.

He’s a fast player. He plays fast.

Mike Tyson is a good boxer. He boxes well.

C- What is the difference between ‘advice’ and ‘advise’?

Look these words up in your own dictionary. Notice that the one with£ is a noun
and the other one with V is a verb.There are many words like this in English. For
example:‘practice’ and ‘practise’.

advice (n) :

advise (v) :

practice (n) :

practise (v) :

D- Fill in the blanks with ‘advice / advise / practice / practise’.

You have to a lot to be a good player.

There are many grammar exercises in this book.

these exercises with your friends.

He’s got basketball tonight.

E- Circle the correct synonym for the underlined words.

a. discussing

a. sad

He’s a wealthy man.

a. poor

I found the book uninteresting .

a. interesting

The weather was dreadful.

a. terrible

What would you recommend?

a. advise

It was a complicated situation.

a. clear

10. He’s very optimistic,

a. hopeful

movies were Top Gun, Rain Man, and Mission Impossible. People say he works
very

always tries to be a actor. Cruise in many movies. Many of them are

movies. Some of them are Others are He also his own film company.

READING

NINE ELEVEN

Tuesday, September I 1,2001 was one of the most tragic days in the history of the
USA. A few minutes before nine in the morning, terrorists attacked the most
famous skyscraper in New York City - the World Trade Centre. Its twin towers,
the highest in New York, were the symbol of the city for almost thirty years.

A hijacked passenger plane hit one of the towers and set it on fire. A few minutes
later another plane damaged the other tower. Soon, both towers collapsed. People
all over the world think it was the most shocking and the most destructive act of
terrorism in the history of the world.

A- Write ‘True’ (T) or ‘False’ (F).

1.9/1 I happened in 2001. ( )

It was one of the most tragic days in the history of the USA. ( )

It happened in the evening. ( )

Terrorists attacked the World Trade Centre. ( )

The twin towers were the highest buildings in the world. ( )

C- Find the synonyms of the words.

damage (v):

collapse (v):

shocking (adj):

destructive (adj):

D- Change the words with their synonyms. Make sure it gives the same meaning.

A few minutes later another plane damaged the other tower.

A few minutes later another plane the other tower.

Soon, both towers collapsed.

Soon, both towers .

People all over the world think it was the most shocking and the most destructive
act of terrorism in the history of the world.

People all over the world think it was the most and the most act of
terrorism

in the history of the world.

SPEAKING

A- Make your own dialogues:

Comparing and describing people, expressing cultural differences.

B- Make comparisons and superlatives with your classmates.

1 52 Unit13
A: Did you enjoy your weekend in the lake?

B: It too cold for me to swim.

A: Was it colder t last week?

B: Oh yes, I think it was one of the c days of the month.

A: At least you had fun with your friends.

B: Mike’s cousin is rudest kid I have ever seen.

A: OK. Drink your coffee and relax.

B: I can’t drink it! It isn’t hot e

A: What will the weather be like tomorrow?

B: Here is the w_ forecast for tomorrow. It will be rainy with occasional winds
blowing

from the North.

A: Oh, it w be cold then.

B: Yes, freezing c. It will be -10° C.

A: What will people do to protect the e B: I don’t know. Perhaps they will use
electric cars.

A: What do you think about the pollution p m of the world?

B: Well, I think the only problem is to find a new system.

GRAMMAR

We use ‘Simple Future Tense* for:

prediction: to describe something that we think will happen in the future.

promises: to promise something. We use ‘will* with all the persons.

We use ‘shall I/shall we...?’ for offers and suggestions

Full Form:

(+): Subject + will + verb I + object

I / you / he / she / it / we / they + will + verb I +object

(-): I / you / he / she / it / we / they + will not + verb I +....

(?): Will + subject + verb I + object?

Short Form:

I’ll / you’ll / he’ll / she'll / it’ll / we’ll / they’ll + verb I I / you / he / she / It / We /
They + won’t + verb I...

Yes, I / you / he / she / it / we / they + will.

No, I / you / he / she / it / we / they + won’t.

Time Expressions:

tomorrow / next week / next month / next year, etc.

he day after tomorrow / tonight / soon / later / in an hour / in a week / in a year,

etc.

A- Answer the following questions in ‘full’ and then in ‘short form’.

e.g. Will you get married one day? Yes. I wit! get married one day. / Yes, I will.

Will you have many children?

Will you be a teacher when you grow up?

Will you and your children have any pets?

Will your father tell you to go to bed when you are older?

Will you be in Turkey after school?

B- Write the verb in brackets in the ‘future simple tense9.

e.g. Don’t take an umbrella with you. It won't rail (rain).

She doesn’t study hard. She (pass) the exam.

John is hungry. He (get) something to eat.

My mum is tired. She (do) the shopping today.

There is a lot of traffic. I’m afraid we (be) late.

Jerry is ill. He (come) with us.

Margaret is sleepy. She (go) to bed early.

They finished their homework.They (play) basketball.

Don’t drink coffee before you go to bed. You (sleep).

It’s Helen’s birthday next Friday. She (be) 26.

I’m sorry I was late this morning. It (happen) again.

C- Write sentences using ‘I’ll be / I’ll probably be / I think / I don’t think’.

e.g. I'll probably be at the seaside at 11 o’clock in the morning.

there in half an hour.

in bed at midnight tonight

Helen will pass the exam. She’s studying hard.

she will like her present

he will pass the exam. He was absent at many lessons.

D- Choose the correct ‘time expression’ to fill in the sentences.

I’ll see you tomorrow / yesterday.

She visited her uncle now / last week.

Joseph will come to London yesterday / tomorrow.

Frank is having lunch now / last night.

She did the washing up tomorrow / yesterday afternoon.

Will you remember to pay the bill at the moment / tomorrow?

This machine isn’t working. It broke down last week / next week.

We will play together yesterday / tomorrow.

I’ll see you soon / last week.

Call me this afternoon / last night.

E- Write questions for the bold words.

e.g. What will you have for breakfast? I’ll have some milk and a sandwich.

to the park with?

George and Susan will come with me.

at the shop?

I’ll buy the blue scarf.

his maths class?

George will have his maths class at 8:00 o’clock.

to clean your room?

It will take me half an hour.

him?

I’ll meet him outside the theatre.

REVISION OF TENSES

future simple / be going to .../ present continuous (future meaning)

We use future simple:

for things that will happen in the future, but they are not certain

for things that will happen in the future, but are not under our control or decision

after verbs like: hope, think, believe, expect

after expressions like: I’m sure .... I’m afraid ...

after adverbs like: probably, perhaps

for predictions

We use be going to:

to describe something that somebody plans to do

to make predictions about things that are going to happen certainly (usually
because there is evidence to show this)

We use present continuous (future meaning):

- to talk about fixed arrangements in the future.

F- Complete the sentences with ‘future simple / be going to ... or present

continuous9.

My whole family is going / will go to Mexico tomorrow.

Who is cleaning / will clean the room after the party?

Tom is tired. Perhaps Sandra is helping / will help him with his homework tonight.
The film is beginning / begins at 7, so don’t be late!

What is Lilly doing tonight? Is she staying / Will she stay at home?

We are going to buy a new pet .

last year b. the day before yesterday c. tomorrow

The children are going to see a film at the cinema .

yesterday b. a day ago c. tomorrow evening

Vera is going to Argentina .

last month b. since Tuesday c. next summer

Are you singing in the show ?

tonight b. last week c. during

I will finish university, and I won’t have to study anymore!

Before b. In two years’ time c. Until tomorrow

The park near my house _ (be) very nice. Right now, there _
(be) a

celebration. People (walk) around, and the children (eat) ice-cream. A band
VOCABULARY

A- Complete the table making ‘adjectives’ from the nouns given in the box.

C- Complete the table by making ‘nouns’ from the verbs given.

We make‘nouns* from verbs by adding the suffixes ‘-ment / -ion / -ation / -ing*
after ‘verbs’.
quite cold

very misty
full of clouds

water which is frozen

extremely cold; covered with ice

water falling in separate drops from the clouds

a feeling of coldness

having a lot of rain

a strongly moving current of air

to rain heavily

with a lot of wind

a white or grey mess of very small drops of water floating in the sky

very thick mist which makes it difficult to see

C- Fill in the blanks with a suitable word.

They are about our world.

They are of global warming and its negative effects on the world.

Most families will have to help with the housework.

Brazil will be a new

Some people make very predictions like.

SPEAKING

READING

WHAT WILL THE WORLD BE LIKE IN THE FUTURE?

Nobody can tell exactly; but people like to make predictions about the future. A
lot of people believe that life will be worse. They are worried about our world.
They are afraid of global warming and its negative effects on the world.

Besides, some people believe that the world will be a better place and will solve
the problems of global warming and pollution. They say that our lives will be
better because of new technology.

And some people make very extreme predictions like; there will be a catastrophic
nuclear accident Canada and the USA will be one country. Most families will
have robots to help with the housework. Brazil will be a new super power.
Some of these opinions may be true and some may not. But I believe things will
be different from what they are today.

A- Write ‘True’ (T) or ‘False’ (F).

Nobody knows exactly what will happen in the future. ( )

People like to make predictions about the future. ( )

Everyone on earth believe that life will be worse. ( )

New technology will make our lives better. ( )

All the predictions about the future will come true. ( )

A- What will your life be like after you finish school?

B- Make your own dialogues: Making predictions and promises for the future.

Everyday Life Phrases

I promise

I won't....

perhaps/probably/maybe

You can count on me./ Can Icount on you?

Will...?/When will...?/Where will ?/What will...?

enough/too

somebody/anybody/nobody/everybody/

something,etc.,

solution/problem

environment
weather/forecast

happen/happens/happened

in the future

1 64 Unit 14
*—

E- Complete the sentences with ‘Could I / Would you like’.

e.g. I want to have a glass of water. Could I have a glass of water please?

I want a ticket to London.

Have a piece of cake, Peter?

Give me the Asterix book.

Do you want sugar in your milk?

Do you want a double or a single room?

. an interesting film, to New York.

happy if I (forget)

this letter now, I (receive) _

if he (not / arrive)

you (fail) cold drinks.

down.
F- Write sentences in ‘If Clause Type O’. Use the prompts.

We use ‘If Clauses (Conditionals)* in three types. In this lesson we are going to
study two of them.

Type 0 : It is also called the ‘Zero Conditional*. We use zero condition to express
facts that are always true and never change.

Type I: It is also called the ‘Real Conditional* because it is used to express a real
possibility in the future. We make it in three ways:

We use ‘will* in the main clause to show our strong expectation.

We use ‘can / may / might* in the main clause to show that something is possible,
but we aren’t sure

about what will happen.

We use ‘imperatives* in the main clause.

e.g. feel sad / watch a comedy film If I feel sad, I watch a comedy film.

take a pill / feel ill Mum

heat ice / melt we , it

mind / open the window you I

hungry / get nervous she

need a knife / want to cut a slice of meat You

G- Complete the sentences using ‘If clause Type 1’.

e.g. you don’t hurry / you be late If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late.

she tells a lie /1 know it

you pass the exam / get a driving license

you divide 12 by 4 / you get 3

you need money /1 can lend you some

you want it / you can have it

H- Write the verbs in brackets in the correct form.

e.g. I will go swimming if the weather (be) is good.

I- Match clauses ‘A’ to clauses ‘B’.

If I study,

If you see John tonight,

He can catch the bus

If we go to Istanbul on holiday,

His health will get worse

You can improve your English

If my son gets a good degree,

I will change my car

We will miss the bus to Istanbul

If Turkey joins the EU,

J- Complete the sentences using ‘If clause Type 1, with imperative’.

e.g. feel ill / see a doctor If you feel ill, see a doctor.

not know the meaning of the word / look it up in a dictionary

 you

weather is cold / take your hat

have a toothache / go to the dentist

you

have a party / invite Tom

you

your mother is tired / cook the dinner

K- Fill in with ‘if’ or ‘when’.

when / if

‘if* and ‘when* are used in the future real conditional, but the use is different
from other real conditionals. In the future real conditional, ‘if* suggests that it is
possible but you are

not sure if something will happen or not.

‘When* suggests that you are sure something will definitely happen.
H- Fill in the ‘comparative’ or ‘superlative’ form of the adjectives in brackets.
1
K- Read the ‘warnings’ and complete the texts using ‘too’, ‘enough’, or ‘not ...
enough’.

DANGER: THIN ICE! Is this a good place to go skating? No, the ice is
(thin) for

skating. It’s (thick) to skate on.The ice is _ (dangerous) to

skate on.And the water underneath is (cold)!

CHILDREN’S PADDLING POOL MAXIMUM DEPTH 30cm! The pool is

(safe) for young children.But it isn’t (deep) to dive into. And it is

(shallow) to swim in.

DEEPWATER ‘STRONG SWIMMERS ONLY - NO CHILDREN UNDER 12’!
Andrew is 13 and a good swimmer. Rose is 10, and not a strong swimmer. Is this
lake suitable for Andrew and Rose to swim in?

Andrew is (old) to swim here. And the water is (deep) for

him to dive in. But it is (dangerous) here for young children. Rose is

(young) to swim here anyway. She is (old).

L- Choose the correct answer.

There are snakes in Ireland.

Did see Lester yesterday?

Have you got sandwiches?

Alan did today.

Did Jenson go ? I can’t see him.

knew how to drive the car.

will do I can to help Sheridan.

Sammy doesn’t want to laugh at her.

B; say, drink, rest, go, eat, help

We didn’t have dinner because there was nothing to eat

We went home because we were thirsty and wanted

We didn’t talk because there wasn’t

Richie was tired but he couldn’t go

Everyone wanted to go out but there was

He couldn’t carry the box, but there was

N- Choose the correct answer ‘If Clauses’.

If you an apple every day, you’ll be very helathy.

a. eat b. will eat

If we don’t protect the elephant it extinct.

a. becomes b. will become

She completely different if she cuts her hair.

a. looks b. will look

You’ll pay higher insurance if you a sports car.

a. buy b. will buy

You better if you turn on the lamp.

a. are able to see b. will be able to see

You heart disease if you eat too much meat

a. get b. will get

If you don’t put so much sugar in your coffee, you

a. don’t put on b. won’t put on

You won’t pass the course if you .

a. don’t study b. won’t study

If I some eggs, how many ?

a. cook / will you eat b. will cook/do you eat

10. If we water the flowers in the garden,they

a. grow b. will grow

O- Complete the followings with ‘mustn’t / don’t have to’/ needn’t’.

1 • You arrive in a foreign country without any money.

You are on a train. Another passenger thinks you are cold and offers to close the
window.

You say, “You , thank you. I’m not cold.”

You carry travellers’ cheques (also they are very useful).

In most countries you book hotel accommodation in advance.

You carry guns on planes.

In some countries you take photographs of military buildings.

At Victoria Station (London) your mother suggests looking for a porter to carry
your luggage. But then

you see a luggage trolley. You say, “We ;we can use a trolley.”

P- Complete the conversation.

. — j-1— — /—* •

Magnus: I don’t think I can. But why don’t you (come) to Iceland?

Minoji: I’d love to,but it’s a long way. Perhaps we (meet) half way.

Magnus: Oh, yes! Let’s (do) that.Well,I think actually half way would be
Siberia, if I fly over

the North Pole! But what about (meet) in the United States?

Minoji: Well, that’s possible. Yes, why not (go) somewhere like San
Francisco? And what

about (hire) a car?

on dates now? Why

1•

noun

adjective breeze chill cloud fog humidity ice rain sun wind
7.

A: I heard some bad news about what happened

B: Yes. we were on holiday some thieves broke into our house.

A: Oh, bad luck!

8.

A: What happened when you were on holiday?

B: Some thieves broke into my house.

A: How did the thieves in?

B:They broke in through the back door.

A: Why didn’t anybody hear anything?

B: Nobody heard anything

9.

A: Did the thieves steal anything?

B:They stole our jewellery from the bedroom.

A: Is that all?
B:

the money that I keep in the kitchen.

A: sorry. Is there anything I can do?

B: No, thanks.

10.

A: You look upset.What happened?

B: Well, I was going to the market in this morning, a dog jumped into the
street.

A: Oh no! Did you run over it?

B: L I managed to stop in time and I didn’t hit- it.

GRAMMAR

A- Look at the example and make correct sentences in ‘Past Continuous Tense .

□ We use‘Past Continuous (Past Progressive)1 to say that something was going

on around a definite time in the past.

e.g. he / wear / a jacket (+) He was //earing a jacket.

you / carry / a box (?)

/ go / to dentist (+)

she / eat / an ice-cream (?)

you / carry / an umbrella (-)

they / ride / horses (-)

B- Fill in the blanks with ‘Past Continuous Tense9.

e.g I 'as sleeping (sleep) in bed at 6 o’clock this morning.

She (take) an exam at 2 o’clock yesterday afternoon.

It (snow) last night Everywhere was white.

We (paint) the walls all weekend.

(take) a shower. I couldn’t hear the telephone ringing.

C- Join the sentences using ‘when’ in both ways.

We use‘as’,‘when* or‘while* to say that a longer action or event was going on

when something else happened.

While I was studying, I fell asleep.

Kelly was cooking when the phone rang.

As they were climbing the mountain, one of them had an accident.

We use‘while* to say that two long actions or events went on at the same time.

While you were typing the letters, I was doing my homework.

Henry made tea while I was watching TV.

As I opened my eyes, I saw a strange face.

The telephone rang just as I walked towards the phone.

Notice that the meaning doesn’t change when you change the places of the
clauses.

While I was studying, I fell asleep. (I fell asleep, while 1 was studying.)

We were writing the questions.The bell rang .

We were writing the questions when the bell rang.

When the bell rang, we were writing the questions.

1. Dad was reading the newspaper. He fell asleep

I was cooking in the kitchen. The explosion happened

She was peeling an apple. She cut her finger.

He was watering the garden. The postman came.

He was going out. The storm began.

The taxi came. I was reading the letter.

My mother was cleaning the window. A bird flew inside.

He was painting the wall. The cat spilled the paint.

E- Complete the sentences putting the verbs in the correct form ‘Simple Past or
Past Continuous9.

e.g. Julia was running (run) down the road when she saw the accident.
B- Complete the sentences by adding ‘-ant/-ent’ to the verbs given correctly.

We also add the suffixes1 -ant / -ent’ to some verbs and make adjectives.

e.g. differ + ent: different (Today is different, today differs.)

 was really old.

I met on Friday.

father has been an MP, for a long time.

the lady parked in front of the hairdressers.

daughter is an architect.

wants to buy a summer house?

you gave me is great.

_ is located opposite my house is over 100 years old.

are too small for him.

went to the film liked it very much.

steals things.

flies.

heats water.

are wrong.

takes care of your teeth.

A

A clock is a thing

An umbrella is a thing

A dictionary is a book

A cook is a person

A dog is an animal e.g. A boy was injured. Is he in hospital now?

Yes, the boy who was injured is in the hospital now.

A man gave her some flowers. Was he her fiance?

A dog came to your garden. Was it clean?

B- Combine the sentences using ‘which /who’.

A repairer came to repair your washing machine. Was he polite?

e.g. That’s the man. He runs a travel agency.

That’s the man who runs a travel agency.

She takes care of people.They are ill.

A tiger is a wild animal. It runs fast.

They are lazy students.They don’t study hard.

He is an intellectual person. Everybody admires him.

broke a vase. It was from my grandmother.

C- Make sentences using the prompts in the box.

studies economics / takes photos / flies planes / sells meat / writes poems / cuts
hair / tells lies / plays a musical instrument / is very intelligent / studies living
things / is ill in hospital

e.g. An economist is a person who studies economics.

A photographer

A pilot

A butcher

A poet

A hairdresser

A musician

A liar

A genius

A biologist

A patient

An earthquake hit Bala, Ankara. Was it strong?

A boy robbed the market. Was he homeless?

F- Combine the sentences with and without a ‘relative pronoun’.

^ We can leave out who / which / that if it is the object of the relative clause.

Notice how ‘some / the / a’ changes.

e.g. Nil took some photographs. Did you see them?

Did you see the photographs which Nil took?

Did you see the photographs Nil took?

You sent me a letter. I didn’t read it.

I didn’t

Andrew is wearing a shirt. I hate it. Andrew is

Your boyfriend gave you a present.Where is it?

Where

She told them a story. They didn’t believe it.

They

She

He bought some books yesterday.Where are they? Where

G- Make one sentence from two, without using a relative pronoun.

e.g. He was carrying a bag. It wasn’t very heavy.

The bag he was carrying wasn’t very heavy

Lions are wild animals. I’m afraid of them.

Lions

Mum cooked a meal last night. It was excellent

The meal mum

The bird is singing beautifully. It’s a nightingale.

The bird

I’m wearing my new trainers.They are very comfortable.

The trainers

We had some guests for dinner last night.They were very cheerful people.

The guests we

e.g. a car: Italian / black / large a large black Italian car

a tie: white / expensive / silk

two lions: miniature / white

a pair of boots: brown / small / leather

a car: small / economical / comfortable

that shirt: cotton / warm / green

an autumn: Mediterranean / cool

a lady: little / middle aged / nice

the music: Turkish / best / modern

this building: new / fine / tall

a child: well-mannered / young / very

B- Organize these adjectives according to their categories.

glass / round / plastic / leather / cotton / woollen / oval / triangular / square /

rectangular / wonderful / beautiful / nice / small / tall / old / young / white / green
/ jogging / two / Turkish / Italian
C- Match the words to their definitions and then fill in the blanks with the same
words.

no longer in fashion

to become known

a general point of view about life

extremely large, huge

very large and wide or great in size or amount

a particular side or characteristic of a situation

belonging to the present time, contemporary

to become smaller, weaker or worse

We are now much more European in our

He runs a business.

The facts began to .

You can see ancient and buildings next to each other.

The film was an success.

America has many s of British cultural life.

The number of the members d from 400 to 350.

SPEAKING
B- Make your o.wn dialogues: Describing professions, describing things or
people.

occupations: engineer, designer, ballet dancer, chemist, biologist, journalist, etc.

adjectives related to character or personality: hardworking, patient, easy-going,

sociable, etc. adjectives related to appearance: tall and slim, medium height, etc.

Is there anyone who you admire because he/she is very successful,

beautiful, etc.?

Who is he/she?

Why do you admire him/her?

Write about her/his appearance and personality.

SELF-EVALUATION CAN DO I'*1'

I can express feelings and describe things, people and professions

200 Unit 17

UNIT 18

CLIMATE

READING

Christine: These are lovely puppies, aren’t they? Look at the white one! It’s a very
nice puppy, isn’t it? Look at its eyes! Terry: I like the black one. What’s its name?

Christine: I don’t know. Oh, I like them all. Which one am I going to choose?

Terry: You can’t decide, can you?

Christine: No, not really. Do you know who they belong to? Terry:Yes, to Mr.
Rogers.You didn’t ask him if he gives them away, did you?
Christine: No, I didn’t. But if he does, I’ll take the one with brown eyes.

A: What kind of do you like the most?

B: I like rainy weather the most.

A: When does this weather come in your country?

B: In my country, rainy weather comes in July and August.

A: How does this weather make you ?

B:This kind of weather always makes me feel comfortable.

A: What do you like to do in this weather?

B: When theis rainy, 1 like to read or listen to music.

A: The weather is worse.You’d better go.

B: Why? We’re safe here, ?

A: No, the wind is getting stronger.

B: What are you trying to say?

A: I’m trying to say that if you don’t leave you’ll be in danger.

A: I didn’t see you last week. You were away, ?

B: Yes, I was in istanbul.

A: How was ?

B: It was freezing cold and snowing.

A: Oh! What a pity! You couldn’t then, could you?

B: Of course, I could. I went toTheTopkapi Palace.

A: Did you hear the news on the radio? There’s a storm coming!

B: All right then, we’d better get ready. What’s ?

A: They’re calling it Hurricane Connie.

B: Why do they choose names like that? It too nice!

A: Human names are short and easy.They could give the name HCN2IW,

B: I know but I think hurricanes must have strong names.

A: Well, maybe that would help people take them seriously. What name would
you choose? B: I think Conan would be

I speak English more

She greeted me

She smiled

This girl dances

Could you write

Planes can fly than birds, (high)

He had an accident last year. Now he drives

Jim can run than John, (fast)

Our team played of A (bad)

He worked than ever before, (hard)

D- Rewrite the following sentences using ‘comparative form’ of the adverb, and
the word ‘than’.

e.g. The train travels fast, (the bus)

The train travels faster than the bus.

In the morning, the sun shone brightly, (in the afternoon)

In the afternoon, the sun shone in the morning.

The footpath runs straight, (the road)

The road runs the footpath.

Joe sings badly. (Rick)

Rick sings Joe.

The wild deer came near. (I had expected)

The wild deer came I had expected.

Captain Cook sailed far. (Columbus did)

Captain Cook sailed Columbus did.

buy x 2 / fetch / arrive x 2 / become x 2 / obtain / receive x 2

go round / turn round / round / pass round / come round / nose around / show
round / hang

around / stick around / look around / travel around / order about / lie about / get
around

Where can I get something to eat around here?

Where can I something to eat around here?

I’m just going to get a pencil from the office. I'll be back in a minute.

I’m just going to a pencil from the office. I’ll be back in a minute.

What time did you get here last night?

What time did you here last night?

He got very angry when I told him what you did with his CDs.

He very angry when I told him what you did with his CDs.

I couldn’t get a room. All the hotels were full.

I couldn’t a room. All the hotels were full.

We normally get two weeks’ holiday.

We normally two weeks holiday.

This book is getting quite interesting.

This book is quite interesting.

I must get some food before I go home.

I mustsome food before I go home.

He sent the letter last week but I didn’t get it until yesterday.

He sent the letter last week but I didn’t it until yesterday.

Do they often get here early?

Do they often ^ here early?

| g0t quickly and went out. I didn’t know my T-shirt was dirty.

She got in France. Her family wasn’t there at the wedding.

They got last year. Children stayed with mum.

He got on his way to the station.

I’m getting -Turn on the heating, please.

Get the car and remember to fasten your seat belt.

How did you get of the car?

You need a suntan lotion to get and protect your skin.

People who live in large towns often like to get at the weekends or in summer.

My English is getting everyday because I practise at least two hours every day.

F- Complete the sentences with the correct words given in the box.

‘Round* is a common ‘preposition* of place. Prepositions ‘about*, ‘around* and

‘round* usually have the same meaning. Here are the definitions of ‘round* to
make you understand some phrases with ‘round’

more easily.

round (adv / prep): moving or positioned in a circle; turn to be able to see the other
face; visiting all the parts of a place or a lot of different places; near a place round
(n): as an adjective is the shape of something like a ball or circle.

I visited a school last week. One of the teachers showed me round.

She doesn’t much these days.

said hello, but he

Lisa heard a noise behind her, so she

Suddenly a car the corner.

The moon the earth.

My house is very near here. It’s just the corner.

She some orange juice and biscuits.

I don’t understand why she with such strange people.

I the garden before going in.

The students were on the grass.

found her among my private notes.

Will you and keep an eye on the food?

He behaved as if he were a soldier by everyone

READING

TYPHOON WHO?

Tropical cyclones are called typhoons in Asia, and huricanes in North and South
America.These storms go around like a wheel turning to the left.They have wind
speeds of 60kph or more.They can be extremely destructive. In the United States,
the Tropical Prediction Center in Maimi, Florida, looks out for hurricanes.When
meteorologists detect a true hurricane, they give it a name. Why should tropical
cyclones have names? The name makes it easier for people to keep up with
information about a hurricane and its possible dangers.

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO), an international weather group,

decides what names will be used.The WMO makes six lists of names, using the
English alphabet. Each list is used for one year. When a hurricane occurs, it gets
the next name on the list for that year. For example, the first hurricane of the year
might have the name Abel, while the second one could be Betty.The name lists
do not include names beginning with the letters Q, U, X,Y, and Z, because there
are a few names that begin with these letters.Asian countries use a different list,
made up by the WMO’s Typhoon Committee.This list has a few personal names,
but most of the names are of flowers, animals, trees, and similar things.

Idiomatic Expressions

look out for (phr.v): to make sure that you notice smb or sth keep up (phr.v): to
know about things that are happening make up (phr.v): to form or prepare sth

READING

A- Write True (T) or False (F).

Tropical cyclones are called typhoons both in Asia and in North and South
America. ( )

Tropical cyclones are called hurricanes in North and South America. ( )

They can be extremely destructive because they have wind speeds of more than
60 kph. ( )

The Tropical Prediction Centre doesn’t care about hurricanes. ( )

Meteorologists give a name to hurricanes to make it easier for people to keep up

with information about

them and their possible dangers. ( )

B- Answer the questions.

What Is the main idea of this reading?

a. How tropical cyclones are named. b.What tropical cyclones can do.

c.Why tropical cyclones are named. d.Who watches for tropical cyclones.

Which name would a hurricane never have?

a. Rita b.Veronica c.William d.Yanni

The fifth hurricane of 2010 might have the name ....

a. Diana b. Darren c. Eric d. Connie

In which direction do tropical cyclones go round?

a. Down * v b.The same direction as a clock

c.The opposite direction of a clock d. Around

Why should tropical cyclones have names?

a. It sounds interesting. b.The names help people.

c.The names are a code for the WMO. d. It is traditional.

SPEAKING

A- Which weather do you like the most? How does this weather make you feel?

B- Make your own dialogues: Giving information about climate, comparing the
climate of different countries.

Word expressions with 'get': get ill, get cold, etc.

Word expressions with 'feel + adj': feel ill, feel sad, feel great, etc.

How do you feel?

Words related to climate: nouns: rain, fog, wind, storm, etc. adjectives: rainy,
sunny, foggy, hot, cold, humid, etc. adverbs of comparative and superlative: more
easily, faster, better, the most carefully, etc.

Tag questions: Did I?, are you?, isn't it?, etc.

How fantastic!

Phrases with around / round: walk round, go around, look round, etc.

WRITING

Which season do you like the most? How do you feel in this season?

C- Fill in the blanks with the correct words.

detect / include / destructive /decides / information

GRAMMAR

A- Fill in the chart.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

We form ‘Present Perfect Tense’ with ‘have’ or ‘has’ before the verb.

We use the ‘Past Participle’ form of the verb which is also called ‘V3*.

In regular verbs we add ‘-ed’ to the end of the verb.

Irregular verbs are different You have a list of irregular verbs in the end of /our
books.

We use ‘Present Perfect Tense’:

for something that happened in the past but we do not know or don’t say when it
happened.

Kate has done her homework.

for something that happened in the past, but the result is clear now.

Kate has bought a new computer.

for something that started in the past and is still going on now.

I have lived here for twenty years.

for something which has just happened or finished.

The children have just finished their homework.

We always use ‘already / never / recently / just between have / has and Past
Participle. Ali has never travelled abroad.

We use ‘yet’ at the end of (-) negative / (?) interrogative sentences.

The bus hasn’t arrived yet.

Has the bus arrived yet?

We use ‘ever’ only in questions. In (+) affirmative sentences we use ‘never*.

Have you ever flown in a helicopter?

I have never flown in a helicopter.

GRAMMAR

Present Perfect (V3)

got
B- Complete the sentences in ‘Present Perfect Tense’

e.g. She has written (write) a letter today.

exams.

They

friends this holiday.

Someone ___

pencil.

The sun

(break)

cue wmu»

(water) the flowers. 15. The bank

C- Rewrite these sentences in ‘question9 form of Present Perfect Tense.

e.g. The students have finished their homework. Have the students finished their
homework?

Her mother has cooked the meal for dinner.

Mary has sent a lot of letters to her penfriend. ____

The shop has been open since 8 o'clock.

I’ve drunk two cups of tea today.

They have visited their friend in hospital. •

D- Rewrite these sentences in ‘negative9 form of Present Perfect Tense.

He hasn’t read the book-

Experiences 215

G- Underline the correct word.

e.g He hasn’t paid back yet / already

She hasn’t bought a new car already / yet.

The plane hasn’t landed yet / already.

They haven’t got married just / yet.

She has just / yet managed to find the answer to this question.

We have yet / just met.

H- Rewrite the sentences using ‘time expressions’ given in the brackets.

e.g. Nick and his wife have arrived, (just) Nick and his wife have just arrived.

We have finished our homework, (already)

Eliza has travelled to Mexico, (never)

Oh, I’m afraid your teacher has left, (just)

We’ve met our new neighbours, (already)

haven’t bought a new car. (yet)

She has finished her composition, (just)

The bus hasn’t arrived at the bus station, (yet)

They’ve got married, (just)

They haven’t got married, (yet)

Have you been to Istanbul? (ever)

I- Answer the questions in ‘Present Perfect Tense’ and using the words in
brackets.

e.g. Why don’t you do your homework? (already) I’ve already done it

Are you going to write the letters? (just)

Have you ever seen ‘Lord of the Rings’? (never)

Have you finished the book? (yet)

Shall I make you something to eat? (just)

Did you see that film? (yet)

Did you ever go skiing? (never)

When are you going to book your tickets? (already)

Why don’t you watch the programme? (before)

Are you going to water the flowers? (already)

When are you going to cook the chicken? (just)

J- Fill in ‘have/has gone’ or ‘have/has been’.

e.g. Where is Bob? I think he has gone to the post office.

you ever to the new cinema in the town centre?

My friend is not at home. She to her grandparents’.

Susan and Fiona to Portugal.They had a great time.

My parents are on holiday at the moment.They to Rome.

Our teacher knows England very well. She there many times.
E- Complete each phrase with correct ‘antonym1 of the bold adjective.
READING

If you sneeze on a Monday, you sneeze for danger;

Sneeze on a Tuesday, kiss a stranger;

Sneeze on a Wednesday, sneeze for a letter;

Sneeze on a Thursday, something better;

Sneeze on a Friday, sneeze for sorrow;

Sneeze on a Saturday, see your sweetheart tomorrow.

Sneeze on a Sunday, and the devil will have domination over you all week.

Complete the sentences with suitable words or phrases.

superstitious - nervous - ladders - mirror - yes

Do you get when a black cat walks in front of you? Do you avoid walking under

? If you break a will you expect to get bad luck? If the answer is,

* to any of these questions, then you are clearly a person.

sign - getting - superstitions - God Bless You - Today - violently - disease

Sneezing □ Has anyone ever said ‘ ’ when you sneeze? Do you ever wonder
why

we say that to people who sneeze? Well this is a good example of how old lose
their

meaning, but still stick with us. A long time ago, in the 6th century, people used
to congratulate others who
sneezed because they believed that they were rid of evil from their bodies.
But later a

plague swept Europe, and people began sneezing which was a of death. So

the Pope passed a law requiring people to bless the sneezer.

At the same time, people began to cover their mouth with a piece of cloth or their
hand to stop the

spreading of the . But many people believed that sneezing into the air will allow
the soul to

escape and death will be near. ,the opposite is true.We congratulate those who
sneeze.

unlucky - cursed - believe - thirteenth - feel

Friday the Thirteenth i As you know, people that Friday the 13th is an

day. Many hotels and office buildings don’t have a floor or room. Instead
they skip right

over to the fourteenth floor. But why do so many people that this number is
unlucky?

Well, Adam and Eve had to leave the Garden of Eden on Friday, the flood that
Noah had to build an ark for also began on a Friday, and Jesus Christ was crucified
on a Friday. Christians also believe that twelve witches and one devil meet every
Friday making the number 13 and Friday a combination.

culture - under - thirteen - advanced - bad - black - luck - superstitious - mirror -

clover - penny - believe - good

Every in the world believes certain superstitions. For example, the United States
is a
country that is very in science and technology. But even in American
society, people

sometimes superstitions. Americans consider “ ” an unlucky number. So, it

is rare to find a building with a thirteen floor in the United States. Some people in
the United States also

believe that when Friday falls on the thirteenth day of the month, they will have
_luck. Some

Americans believe they will have bad luck if they walk a ladder. Although
people say they

are not , they will often avoid walking under a ladder. People consider it
unlucky to break

a . Americans also think they will have bad luck if a cat crosses their

path. However, people consider some things to bring luck. For example,
some Americans

believe if they carry a rabbit’s foot, they will have good . Other people believe
that they will

have good luck if they find a four-leaf . Others think they will have good
luck if they find a

on the ground and pick it up. Even though a society becomes very
advanced, its people will

always remain a little bit superstitious.

My grandmother never says “ ” when she a plant as a present or a handed

knife. She believes that the plant will die and she will herself. She also never

her finger at a plant because she believes that it will and die. Also, to this
day, opening an

umbrella indoors is a BIG in my family.

6. Complete these most common superstitions by matching the clauses.

How many of them have you heard?

Your wish will come true

If 13 people sit down at a table to eat,

If you dream of death it’s a sign of a birth,

If you tell someone your wish,

If you make a wish while throwing a coin into a well or fountain,

If you bite your tongue while eating,

If you drop a pair of scissors,

If you spill pepper,

If your nose itches,

If you catch a falling leaf on the first day of autumn,

If the palm of your right hand itches,

If the palm of your left hand itches,

If the bottom of your right foot itches,

If your right ear itches,

If your left ear itches,

If your right eye twitches,

If your cheeks suddenly feel on fire,

If you say ‘good bye’ to a friend

on a bridge, _

If someone is sweeping the floor and sweeps over your feet,

If a bee enters your home,

GRAMMAR

A- Choose the correct answer.

When we want to contrast two pieces of information in a single sentence and say
that the second fact is surprising after the first one, we can use these link words:
although / though / even though / in spite of / despite / still / yet / whereas /
however / but / while / nevertheless, etc.

although / though / even though + clause (Subject + verb)

in spite of the fact that / despite the fact that + clause (Subject + verb)

in spite of / despite + noun (Verb + ing)

while / whereas + clause (Subject + verb)

however /on the other hand / nevertheless + clause (Subject + verb)

Although / Because it was raining, I didn’t get wet.

John couldn’t buy any presents for his mother even though / because he didn’t
have enough money.

My wife likes to travel abroad whereas / since I prefer to stay at home for my
vacations.
Paula got the job as / even though she had no experience.

Surfing is fun though / because it can be dangerous.

Yet / Although she’s small, she’s very strong.

It was a fantastic day although / because of the terrible weather.

She went out although / despite it was raining.

She went out although / in spite of the fact that it was raining.

Although / Despite the weather was good, we stayed inside.

B- Combine the sentences using ‘although’.

She is very rich, but she doesn’t like to spend money.

C- Combine the sentences using ‘even though .

e.g. It was raining. We went to the beach.

Even though it was raining, we went to the beach.

We were tired. We continued working.

It was getting late. We decided to stay and talk a little longer.

She has to drive 20 minutes to get to his house. She gave him a ride home, which
was very nice of her.

It was very cold out. We decided to go for a walk in the park.

The prices are a little higher at that supermarket. We like going shopping there
anyway.

He’s extremely afraid of travelling by plane. We were able to convince him to go

with us

They said they were on a diet.They ate chocolate cake for dessert.
D- Fill in the blanks with ‘although / despite / in spite of’.

she didn’t want to see ‘Finding Nemo’, she enjoyed it in the end.

E- Combine three columns to make five meaningful sentences.

He was guilty, but got away with murder!

His father is very rich, but he doesn’t want a new car.

I had a terrible toothache, but I didn’t go to a dentist.

She made a few mistakes, but she passed the exam.

The flat was a bit small, but we decided to buy it.

the pay isn’t very good.

he’s the most experienced.

the help I gave him.

he didn’t feel very well.

most of his school friends were very lazy.

the antifreeze.

I told the truth.

the difference in their ages.

her mother’s warnings.

the low salary.

( n. ( )i. ()

( )i. ( )». ( )

F- Combine the clauses in the most logical way.

was able to follow what she was saying even though

I was able to follow what she was saying whereas

We enjoyed the holiday in spite of

The exam was very difficult- However,

Although it was a very long film,

G- Complete the sentences with the appropriate conjunction given in the box.

although - despite - however - whereas - yet

My friend, Paul bought some new shoes he already has 20 pairs.

We decided to walk from coast to coast our lacking of training.

Giving up was not an issue the situation got more difficult by the way.

The children behaved like angels the long drive and hot weather.

The hotel wasn’t really very comfortable. , we had a great time there.

love cycling my wife prefers walking.

the weather forecast spoke of wind and rain, we really enjoyed a warm and
sunny

afternoon.
I don’t believe everything he says, I thoroughly enjoy being with him.

H- Complete the sentences with the appropriate conjunction given in the box.

he’s 6 already, Steve still can’t ride a bike.

Mark finished second his leg injury.

Nothing will ever grow on this plot in the 60s a nearby factory dumped its
waste

here.

Jane is a nice person to be with. what she thinks of herself, she has great
listening

skills.

We arrived at the hospital soaking wet the fact that we were all wearing

waterproof jackets.

John never apologizes he says real friends need not apologize all the time.

I- Complete the sentences with ‘although9 or ‘despite’.

Their new product turned out to be a success pessimistic market studies.

I had a headache, I enjoyed the film very much.

The speech made the crowd cheer the minister’s lack of preparation time.

everything, he managed to pass the exam.

being tired from working, I went out for dinner with friends.

he is a very busy manager, he always makes time for his family.

difficult economic conditions, many people live happily.

226 Unit 20

8* the doctors did their best, they couldn’t save the patient.

, ’• recent economic progress,Turkey hasn’t reached a high standard of

living yet.

1 being tasteless, they ate all the food.

VOCABULARY

A- Match the phrasal verbs with their definitions.

find something by chance, run into

get away from somebody or something

meet somebody by chance or unexpectedly

stop something working

start something working

be back, to return

to happen

make something (such as sound, heat, etc.) more quiet or less warm

to change the way

to visit someone

to have no more of something left

make something (such as sound, heat, etc.) louder or warmer

to prevent something from harming you

to avoid doing something

B- Fill in the correct preposition.

What a nice song! Turn the volume, please.

Donna, turn the music, I’m studying.

I’d like to watch the news.Turn the TV, please.

Turn the lights before leaving the room, please.

The music is too loud, can you turn it ?

The discovery of adrenaline came through a mistake.

While I was tidying up my drawers, I came my necklace, which had been lost.

You must come for a drink one evening.

It’s too hot here, can you turn the heating ?

Turn the heat and put the pan on it.

C- Fill in the words in brackets and its opposite formed with ‘dis-’.

^ The prefix ‘dis-’ gives words an opposite meaning.

(agreement)

They want to settle their , but they can’t reach a satisfactory

(advantage)

Her experience gives her a/an , but her weight problem is a/an

(appear)

The spot on her skin in May and two weeks later.

We

(approve)

The students the new teacher, but the teachers of his methods.

(loyal)

You always tell me to be , but now, you want me to be by lying for

you in the court.

(trust)

We save money in banks because we them but, unfortunately grandpa

banks and saves his money at home.

(connect)

I tried hard to these pieces but I have to them now because I

think, I’ve made a mistake.

D- Complete the sentences adding ‘re-’ to the appropriate word given in the box.

Prefix *re-* gives the words the meaning again.

take - decorate - gain - open - do

My homework was terrible, so I had to it.

The shop closed down but will next month.

I failed my exam but I can it next year.

They decided to their office.

He may his old job if he talks to his old manager.

E- Complete the sentences adding *-ful' or ‘-less’ to the words given box.
We make adjectives by adding MuF or ‘-less* to some nouns.They are opposite
in meaning.

e.g. rest + furestful: having rest X rest + less restless: lacking rest

READING

ANIMAL FORECASTERS

Do you think animals can predict the weather or other natural events? Farmers
living in the countryside think so. For hundreds of years, they have observed
animals.They think animals’ behaviour can be connected to future weather
conditions or events. For example, if swans fly into the wind, a hurricane is
coming. Or if cows lie down, a rainstorm is coming.There are many traditional
stories connecting animals and natural events. Many people think that these
stories are just folklore, traditional stories and beliefs without scientific evidence.
Scientists, however, are beginning to take another look at some of these ideas.

Kiyoshi Shimamura is a Japanese earthquake researcher. He noticed an increase

in dog bites a short time before earthquakes hit.Then, he did an investigation of
twelve public health centres in Kobe, Japan.These health centres treated people
after the 1995 earthquake. He noticed some interesting information about the
month before the big earthquake.Treatment for animal bites increased. In fact,
aggressive behaviour in dogs, such as biting and barking loudly, jumped 60
percent!

People noticed other changes in animal behaviour before the earthquake as well.
For example, fish began swimming together in large groups, only in the middle
of the water and not near the edges.
Also, birds flew away from their nests for many days, leaving their eggs
unprotected.This animal behaviour suggests that animals may be able to predict
natural events better than people.

Idiomatic expressions

cake another look: to re-examine; to check again hie: to happen quickly jump: to
increase suddenly

A- Match these words with their definitions.

1. evidence a.

2. researcher b.

3. increase c.

4. aggressive d.

5. barking e.

6. edges f.

7. unprotected g-

C- Answer the questions.

What is the main idea of the reading?

a. What animals do during earthquakes b.The many earthquakes of Japan

c. Effect of natural events on animals’ actions c. Folklore and other stories about
animals

How do dogs begin to behave just before an earthquake?

a.They lie down in grass. b.They stay together in large groups.

c.They leave their homes. d.They hurt people.

What other animals behave strangely before an earthquake?

a. Pigs b. Birds c. Cows d. All of the above

What did Kiyoshi Shimamura look at during his investigation?

a. Animal clinics treating dogs b.The number of patients with bites

c.The number of earthquakes a year d. Places dogs go during earthquakes

Why do you think Japanese researches are so interested in studying earthquakes?

a. Japanese people like dogs. b. Japan has a lot of researches.

c. Japan has a lot of earthquakes. d. Many animals in Japan behave strangely.

D- Fill in the correct words.

WRITING

What is your idea of superstitions?

Do you have any superstitions?

Do you think that a superstitious person is a logical one?

Do you think that superstitions have any affect on your life?

Do you know why superstitions have come to exist?

aggressive - connection — predict - scientific - noticed

Some people think that animals can the weather. Other people think this is
just a folk tale and that there is no evidence. However, one researcher from
Japan

that dogs became more before an earthquake. Other animals also

showed changes in behaviour before the earthquake.This evidence suggests that

there is a between animal behaviour and the weather.

SPEAKING

A- What are your country’s superstitions?

B- Make your own dialogues: Give information about beliefs and cultural
differences.

Phrasal Verbs: take down, take off, take on, take round, take up, come about, come
across, come around, come back, run away, run into, run out

superstition(s); superstitious If you ...

I wish I...

Adverbs of Contrast: However, Although, Even though, Whereas, etc.

What are the similarities between superstitions all over the world?

SELF EVALUATION

CAN DO (tick ✓)

I can give information about beliefs and cultural differences.

READING

Mrs. Harrison: Could you give me some advice about jeans, please? My family
wants me to be more fashionable. Do you think that there are any pairs that will
suit me?

Shop assistant: Well, I don’t think such clothes are

suitable for your work, but I can show you some great styles for everyday use.

Mrs. Harrison: Great. By the way, can you give me some information for shorts?
I’ve heard on the news that we’re going to have hot, sunny weather this summer.
C- Put ‘the’ in the gaps, where necessary.

Daniel: Do you want to look at my holiday photos?

Isaac: Yes, great. Is this hotel you stayed in?

Daniel: That’s right. It was close to river.We caught there every day.

It’s longest river in Austria.

Isaac: And what’s this?

Daniel: It’s a photo of other place we stayed in, Alpine Hotel, near

Blue River. Its water was cold than ice!

Isaac: And what about this square? Is this Trafalgar Square?

Daniel: No, silly.That square is in United Kingdom.

F- Complete the conversation using ‘Present Simple’ or ‘Present Progressive’.

Teacher: Where (come) you from?

Sofia: I’m Greek. I was born in Athens, but my family and I (live) _ in
Salonika now.

Teacher: And what (do) you ? I (mean) what’s your job? (do)

you anything at present?

Sofia: Well, actually I (teach) although I (not work) at the

moment. But I (look) for a job. I (not like) doing nothing.

But I (not see) much chance of getting a job at present.

Teacher: Well, good luck. I (wish) you every success.

E- Complete the sentences with the correct relative adverb ‘where / when / why’.

Do you know the reason so many people in the world learn English?

This is the villa the Smiths live.

Salonika is the town

The 23 rd of April is the day Children’s Day.

A famine was the reason

The day

A horror film was the reason

Cappadocia is the place

It was becoming dark

F- Use the appropriate ‘relative pronoun’.

A cat is an animal who / that catches mice.

The girls who / that think they are pretty needn’t do this exercise.

Do you know any girls who / that will do this exercise now?

You are just the kind of son-in-law when / that I always wanted.

We shall let them all come back except those who / that started the trouble.

There’s nothing who / that can distract her from her work.

The boys who / that our organization gives shelter to are ordinary kids, not the
ones with obvious problems.

The average American wants nothing who / that irritates or disturbs him on TV.

Some students are planning visits to factories who / that cause pollution.

It’s just the kind of place where / which I have always wanted to live.

G- Choose the correct word.

A rabbit is an animal only eats plants and vegetables.

a. who b. whose c. that

Istanbul is the historical city Sultan Mehmet II conquered in 1453.

a. who b. which c. whose

Thomas Edison was the man invented the light bulb.

a. when b. which c. who

2000 was the year in Galatasaray won the UEFA cup.

a. when b. which c. who

1492 was the year Christopher Columbus discovered America.

a. which b. where c. when

car is parked in front of the garage gate?

a. Whose b.Whom c. Which

Have you finished with the book I lent you?

a. who b. that c. whose

That’s the woman a nurse.

a. who’s b. whose c. who

She’s the girl is going to be the new manager.

a. who b. which c. who’s

were you shouting at?

a. Whom b. Which c.Whose

H- Rewrite the text again putting in ‘a / an / the’ where necessary.

James lives in house in my street His house is big and yellow, and it has red door
at front. It has big garden with old apple tree and lots of flowers. In summer we
play on slide which is under apple tree. In winter we play chess and scrabble in
living room. I love visiting Jamie. He’s best neighbour in world.

I- Fill in ‘a / an / some / the’.

There is pineapple juice in the fridge.

We go to the cinema twice month.

There’s a fire across the street. Call fire brigade.

My friend can play

South of England, kilo for these apples.

money, and she wants to buy a new coat, dentist tomorrow.

J- Write the nouns under the correct heading.

Madison Square - Oxford Street - Netherlands - Cambridge University - Atlantic

Ocean - Silver Screen (cinema) - east - lunch - Intercontinental - Portugal - La
Casa Restaurant - world - Archaeological Museum

THE NO ARTICLE

K- Match the sentences, then underline the correct verb form.

Look out! a. I will go /1 am going to London this weekend.

There are lots of clouds. b. She will be / is going to be sick.

can’t lift this suitcase. c. I will write / am going to write to you everyday.

It’s late. d. That tree will / is going to fall.

Her face is green. e. I think I will go /1 am going to go home.

Don’t worry, Mum. f. Will you help / Are you going to help me?

Sorry, I can’t come to your v g. It will / It is going to rain,

party on Saturday.

L- Choose the correct form of the verbs.

Yesterday I visited some friends who (I) (stay) at a hotel near the beach. It (2)
(be) really good

to see them again.They (3) (live) in Brazil, and this is the first time they (4)
(visit) my country.

We all (5) (go) swimming in the morning, and then we had an enormous lunch.
I’m afraid I (6)

(eat) too much! In the evening we went to a cafe. While we (7) (drink) our coffee,
we watched the sunset. It was brilliant!

a. are staying

a. is being

a. are living

a. have visited

a. go

a. eat

a. were drinking

M- Complete the sentences with the ‘Past Simple’ or ‘Past Progressive’.

meet - attend

The students first when they a summer school.

cook - burn

Juan sausages, when he his hand.

238 Unit21

travel - meet

Juan around when he Stephan again.

meet - work

When Juan him, Stephan as a ski instructor.

telephone - cut

Wendy when Susan the grass.

stay - invite

Wendy’s mother with Lucy and Bob when they Susan and Bill for dinner.

mend - call

When Tom his bicycle, Peter for him.

cut - open

Tom his hand when he a can.

read - fall

| Travel With My Aunt’ when I asleep.

10. drink - spill

While I _ my coffee, I unfortunately some on the carpet.

VOCABULARY

A- Fill in these verbs which refer to ‘clothing and wearing’ in their correct form.
I got up early in the morning. I took a shower, and had breakfast .It was a

rainy morning so I my overcoat and left home at half past eight. When I got to
work I

my coat and it behind the door.

During my lunch break I had a look round the shops. I saw a nice pullover and

* Unfortunately, it didn’t me. It was too large and they didn’t have a smaller

one.

B- Match the words with their definitions.

it sells fashionable clothes

a person who always wears or does what is fashionable even if it doesn’t look
good on her/him

a person who works in a shop to serve you

very modern but strange or unusual

a person who is unwilling to accept changes and new ideas

not popular anymore

something that is very popular for a short time

very fashionable

knowing about the most recent facts, products, etc.

modern and new

Fashion 239

C- Complete this shopping dialogue.

A: Can I help you?

B: Yes, I’m a sweater.

A: What are you?

B: I’m an large.

A: How about this one?

B: Yes, that’s nice. Can I it ?

A: Certainly, there’s the over there.

B: Thank you.

A: How does it ?

B: It’slarge. Do you have large?

A: Yes, here you are.

B: Thank you. I’ll have it, please.

A: OK, how would you like to pay?

B: Do you credit cards?

A: Yes, we do. Visa, Master Card and American Express.

B: OK, here’s my Visa.

A: Thank you. Have a nice day!

B: Thank you, goodbye.

outfits accessory
E- Make new ‘verbs’ by adding ‘-en’ to these words.

^ We add the suffix ‘-en’ to some adjectives, nouns or verbs to make ‘verbs’. Be
careful of the spelling.

e.g. fat fatten

This hot chocolate is not • l’m Somg to

The sun will the tomatoes.They will

The sheets are not -The worker has to

Smoking will your life so if you don t want a

5 She is a person anyway but the illness has —

READING

GLOBALIZATION

Fashion is something we deal with everyday. Even people who say they don’t care
what they wear, choose clothes every morning that say a lot about them and how
they feel that day.

One certain thing in the fashion world is change. Music, videos, books, and
television continuously bombard us with new fashion ideas. Movies and political
figures also have a big influence on what people wear. ‘Ray-Ban’ sold more
sunglasses after the movie ‘Men In Black’. Sometimes a trend is world-wide.
Back in the 1950s, teenagers everywhere dressed like Elvis Presley.

Fashion is a big business. Everyday, millions of workers design, sew, glue, dye,
and transport clothing to stores. Ads on buses, billboards and magazines give us
ideas about what to wear.
A fashion usually remains popular for about 1.3 years and then another fashion
takes place. A fashion that comes and goes is called a Fad.

Today teenagers show great interest in fashion matters.They read popular

magazines, watch TV and look at advertisements and talk about clothes.They
want to follow the latest trends. As a result they often wear similar clothes. When
black is in fashion they wear black T-shirts, black sweatshirts, black trousers,
black jeans and even black trainers.When pink becomes popular, they all turn
pink.

Today boys and girls often look the same. Girls don’t wear dresses and skirts
anymore and boys care more about fashion.Young people do not wear what they
really like.They buy and dress in whatever is currently in fashion.

Find these words in the text.

: to do what is necessary to find an answer for a problem

: happening all over the world

: an advertisement

: well-known and important in some way

: concerning or including the whole world

A- Write True (T) or False (F).

Fashion is something we deal with everyday.

Nothing changes in the fashion world.

From music to political figures, many things have big influence on what we wear.

Fashion is also a big industrial business in the world.

A fashion usually remains forever.

Today teenagers follow the latest trends and wear similar clothes.
B- Answer the questions.

1. What do people do every morning?

People watch TV and look at .and talk about fashion.

Girls don’t wear and blouses anymore.

People read magazines.

People all want to be •

When black becomes they all turn green.

Young people only buy and dress in whatever is 1 in fashion.

People often buy and wear clothes.

When blue is fashion they were blue T-shirts, blue and blue trousers.

D- What does fashion mean to you?

SPEAKING

A- Clothes separate people into groups. Do you agree with this decision? B- Make
your own dialogues: Expressing preferences.

A- Complete the dialogues in ‘Present Continuous or Future Simple1.

Dan: (go out) this evening?

Sue: Yes, (go) to a nice restaurant in a few minutes.

Gary: Why did you arrive late?

Andy: I took the bus. (not / travel) by bus again!

GRAMMAR
A- Complete the sentences using the ‘Present Simple’ or the ‘Present
Continuous’.

The present simple refers to timetables, schedules, and events.The present

continuous refers to future plans and arrangements.

We use the ‘Present Continuous* to talk about fixed arrangements in the future.
I’m playing tennis with John tomorrow.

^ We use the ‘Present Simple’ to talk about events that are part of a timetable or
schedule in the future.

He has a doctor’s appointment tomorrow. (It’s part of his schedule.)

There’s a good concert on next week.

Look at Unit 14/Grammar (F)

e.g. I am taking Sally out for dinner tonight, (take)

at 4:30 p.m. (return)

2. The girls and 1 out tonight, (go)

3. At 8 a.m., we on the excursion to the Black Sea. (leave)

4. The return train one hour after the race, (depart)

5. We each other sometime in the future, (see)

6. The office a going-away party for me. (give)

7. They a very small wedding on the beach, (have)

8. Thanksgiving on the 25th of November this year, (fall)

9. Eating sandwiches every day is boring, so

10. Mr. President, you the UN Assembly at noon on July 10th. (address)
B- Complete the sentences in ‘Simple Present’ or ‘Present Continuous’.

her kids to football practice.

French at a language school in Paris.That is why I am in Paris.

because everybody (talk)

(start) at 8:00.

Jim: Do you want to come over for dinner tonight?

Denise: Oh, I’m sorry, I can’t. I (go)

‘ your parents (go) out tonight?’ ‘No .they’re too tired’.

This delicious chocolate (be)

C- Choose the correct form of the verb to complete the sentences.

My whole family is going / will go to Mexico tomorrow.

Who is cleaning / will clean the room after the party?

Tom is tired. Perhaps Sandra is helping / will help him with his homework tonight.

The film is beginning / begins at 7, so don’t be late.

What is Lilly doing tonight? Is she staying / will she stay at home?

I don’t know about tomorrow. I think I am visiting / will visit my granny.

Reina is leaving / will leave for Thailand tomorrow morning.

Two rock bands are playing / will play in the school gym at 6 o’clock tonight.

We will go /are going to the movies tonight. We’ve got tickets.

They will go / are going away tomorrow morning. Their plane is at 8:30.
D- Underline the correct form.

When we are asking about the ‘subject* of a sentence, ‘who* simply replaces the
subject at the beginning of the sentence and you put a question mark at the end.

Ryan met Davis at the airport.

Who met Davis at the airport?

When you are asking about the ‘object* of a sentence, the question is formed with
an ‘auxiliary verb*.

Ryan met Davis at the airport.

Who did Ryan meet at the airport?

Who did John meet/Who met John last night?

He met Alex at the cafeteria.

Who helped you / Who did you help with the housework?

My brother helped me.

Who gave you the flowers / Who did you give the flowers to?

I gave them to my mother because it was her birthday.

Who called Helen / Who did Helen call in the middle of the night?

A strange man called her to tell her that her car was stollen.

Who did he invite / Who invited him to the party?

He invited all of his friends. It’s going to be a great party.

E- Choose the correct ‘question word*.

We use ‘which* when we want to choose between two, three or four persons or
things (when our choice is limited). ‘Which* is generally used with more specific
reference.
Which poet do you like best? Shakespeare or John Done?

We use ‘what* when we want to choose among many things.

What fruit do you like?

‘‘Which / What colour do you like best, green or purple?”

“Which / What is the girl’s name?”

“What / Which do you like doing in your free time?”

“Which / What country is bigger, Malta or Italy?”

“What / Which subject is worse, Maths or Geography?”

I- Fill in with the ‘comparative or superlative’ form of the ‘adjectives’.

That boy is really nasty. He is the (rude) person I’ve ever met.

Why don’t you buy that armchair? It looks (comfortable) than this one.
I’m in love with Dolly. Isn’t she the (pretty) girl in town?

Our team manager believes in us. He thinks we are the (good) school team.

I’m not getting in Danny’s car ever again. He’s the (careless) driver I’ve
ever seen.

Those shoes are too small for you.You should buy a (big) size.

Don’t you think you need to be (nice) to older people, Sam? You’re so rude!

J- Choose the correct form.

This exercise is very simply / simple. You don’t need my help.

Remember! Do the test slow / slowly and careful / carefully.

He is a good / well person. He wouldn’t harm anybody.

Can you speak louder / more loudly, please? We can’t hear you at the back.

Garcia opened the door angry / angrily and walked quickly / quick to the
manager’s office.

The cat must be very hungry / hungrily. Look how hungry / hungrily it’s drinking
its milk.

I love this painting. Have you seen a more beautiful / more beautifully picture of
a rough sea?

K- Use the prompts to make sentences in the 'comparative or superlative1 form.

e.g. 1. John / good / student / class - John is the best student in the class.

2. Maths / difficult / Geography

Look ! Walk on the path. Can’t you see that notice? It says ’Keep

A: Why haven’t you given your homework?

B: I can’t do it because someone has torn the page

A: What’s going here?

B: I’ve lost my key. I can’t gej

A: I thought you were a burglar trying to break

A: What time does your plane take tomorrow?

B: I’m not leaving until Sunday.They’ve put the meeting until next week.

H- Choose the correct words to make meaningful sentences.

bring up - cut down - do up - pull down - give up - turn down - make up - write
down e.g. 1. Bob and Susan are bringing their children up very sensibly.

Andrew, your CD player is too loud.

Rose, this isn’t true. You mustn’t

Bob is sad when people

And Susan is upset because the neighbours have

Andrew, don’t go round with your coat undone.

I’m too fat. I’m going to

I’ve got a terrible memory. I must

Tina / swim / fast / her friends

Their house / modern / neighbourhood

Monday / Emma’s / bad / day

Edward / study / hard / his sister

Mum’s cheese pie / tasty / mine

L- Fill in the blanks with 'question tags’.

She will come to the party,

Luke doesn’t know anything about the accident,

You posted the letter two hours ago,

They weren’t at home last night,

The dog can stand on two legs,

We aren’t taking a test now,

I have finally finished this exercise,

You wouldn’t want to invite my dad,

Nobody will come, ?

Just help yourself, ?

M- Add the suitable 'adjective’ after the verb ‘GET’.

cool - tired - hot - old - dark - interested - hungry

It’s getting . Shall we turn off the heating?

By the time they reached the house, they were getting

I’m getting of all this nonsense.

My mother’s getting and needs looking after.

It gets very early in winter.

Don’t touch the stove until it gets .

I got in photography when I was ten.

N- Add the suitable 'preposition’ after the verb ‘GET’.

on - up - to - back
He got his bicycle and rode down the street.

He gets at 6.00 a.m. every morning.

We got London around 6 p.m.

When did you get from New York?

1 like salt soup but not too much.

John is the hospital.

I’m going to my cousin’s house Saturday.

How much sugar do you put your coffee?

We get the bus every morning seven and go to school.

The meeting is Tuesday nine the morning.

We live a small city the North Eastern part of the country.

They went fishing the lake.

There is a lot of life the bottom of the sea.

10. Where is Joe? Joe’s the post office.

We are sitting a table some comfortable chairs.

P- Fill in the gaps using the ‘Present Perfect’ form of the verbs given in brackets.

Ariel is a very interesting young woman. She is only 18, but she (write) a

story for children. She started selling it last year. Thousands of children
(buy) the

book since then. Right now, she isn’t home. She1 (go) on a trip to Moscow.

She (see) so many interesting things. Now her sister, Claire (come)

to visit me. We (do) a lot of things together. We (buy) lots of

clothes. Today, I found a jacket for Ariel, but Claire says she (already / get)
one.

Q- Choose the correct answer.

V- Choose the correct answer.

Would you like to at my new painting?

a. taking a look b. take a look c. take a looking d. take looks

To get toTaksim, you have to the 59 A.

a. take b.tookc. taking d. takes

When I retire as the head of the company, Mr. Tsai is going to take .

a. on b. over c. in d. out

My trousers are too tight. I think I need to take them .

a. up b. down c. in d. out

I need a new hobby. Maybe I’ll take stamp collecting.

a. up b. down c. around d. all

I tried to sell my car for months, but there were no .

a. taking b. took c. taken d. takers

I’m too busy right now. I can’t take more work.

a. in b. up c. off d. on

They my photos in a studio.

a. take b.tookc. taking d. taken

When the supervisor arrived at the construction site, the workers were a
break.

a. take b.tookc. taking d. taken

It three days for us to paint the entire house.

a. take b.tookc. taking d. taken

X- Fill in the blanks using ‘adverbial clauses of contrast’.

I like my flat a lot. It is quite small.

I like my flat a lot altough it is quite small.

He managed to escape. Four men tried to catch him.

That restaurant is very expensive. It’s always full.

He failed the test studying hard.

the fact that it was raining heavily, he went out without an umbrella.

She walked home alone in spite of that she knew that it was dangerous.

he is right, he should apologize.

Y- Choose the appropriate ‘relative pronoun / adverb’.

John is a boy studies hard every day.

a. when b. which c.who

This is the bicycle I used to ride.

a. whom b. whose c. which

remember the time I fell and broke my arm.

a. where b. when c. which

The reason he is happy is that he has just passed his exams.

a. why b. which c. when

Where is the bread I bought this morning?

a. who b. - c. that

A doctor patients trust him has great responsibility.

a. when b. which c. whose

262 Revision 4
PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES

PREFIXES

a- not, without: amoral ambi- both: ambiguity

ante- in front of: anteroom; before, previous to: antenatal

anti- I opposite, against: antisocial 2 instead of: anti- hero

aut(o)- I of oneself: autobiography 2 without help, independent of others:

automatic bi- I occurring twice in one period: bi-monthly, 2 occurring once in a
period of two: biennial 3 having two: bilingual

cent(i)- a hundred, a hundredth part: centigrade,

circum- around: circumnavigate

co- / col- together, jointly, equally: co-operate,

com- / cor- in opposition to: compare, correspond

con- with; together: context

contra- against, opposite to: contradict

counter- against; opposite: counterproductive

de- down, out, reverse, opposite of: defrost

deca- ten: decathlon

deci- one tenth: decilitre

demi- half: dem/-god

dis- the negative, reverse, opposite of: disbelieve, disagree

e- / ex- I out, out of, from: extract 2 former, at one time: ex-wife

extra- outside, beyond, especially: extraterrestrial fore- before, in front of: foretell,
foreground hemi- half: hemisphere hexa- six: hexagon

hyper- beyond, extreme: hypersensitive il-, im-, in-, ir- I in, on: intake, imprint 2
not: infinite, illicit, immoral, irrelevant

inter- between, from one to another: international kilo- thousand: kilogram macro-
large: macrocosm mal- bad, badly: malcontent maxi- most; very large: maximum
mega- I large: megalith 2 one million: megaton micro- I small: microfilm 2 of
examining or reproducing small quantities: microscope mid- in the middle of:
mid-afternoon, midair milli- a thousandth part of: milligram, millimeter mini-
small: miniskirt, mini-series mis- bad, wrong, not: mistrust mono- one, a single:
monotone

multi- many: multistage, multi<oloured

non- not: nonsense

nona- nine: nonagon

ob- in the way of: obstruct

octa- eight: octagon

out- I located outside: outpost 2 surpassing, to a greater extent: outnumber

over- I across, above: overhead 2 to excess, too much: overwork pan- all
worldwide: pantheism penta- five: pentagon polly- many: polyphonic post- after,
behind: post-graduate pre- before: prefix, premature pro- I supporting, in favour
of: pro-Chinese 2 acting as: pro-Vice-Chancellor quad- four: quadruple re- again:
reinstate

semi- half, partially, midway: semi-final septa- seven: septagon

sub- I under: subway 2 secondary, lower in rank: sub-species 3 not quite: sub-
tropical 4 secondary repetition: subdivide

super- I above, over: superimpose 2 superior to, more than: supernatural syn- with,
at the same time: synchronic tele- of linking across distances: telepathy, television
trans- I across: transatlantic 2 to a changed state: transform tri- three: triangle
ultra- beyond, to excess: ultraviolet un- I not: unable 2 negative, reverse, opposite
of: unpack

under- not enough: underestimate vice- deputy: Vice-President uni- one, the same:
uniform

SUFFIXES

noun suffixes

-age (to make a noun) a process or state: sabotage -al used to make noun from a
verb: renewal, arrival -ance, -ence (to make nouns) an action, process or state:
acceptance, confidence

-ant, -ent (to make nouns) a person who does sth: assistant student

-ation a state or action: examination, imagination, organization

-dom (to make a noun) a condition, state; domain: freedom, kingdom, officialdom

-ee I person affected by the action of the verb: employee 2 person acting: refugee
-er I person who carries out the action of the verb: runner, employer 2 person who
practises sth: philosopher

-ese in style of: journalese -ess female: lioness, actress -ful amount that fills:
handful, mouthful -hood status, rank, condition of life: childhood, brotherhood
-ian (to make nouns) a person who does sth as a job or hobby: historian -ie pet
name or familiar name: Susie -ing (gerund): talking, thinking -ion / -sion / -tion a
state or process: addiction, conclusion, introduction

-ism (to make a noun) I showing qualities typical of: heroism 2 specific doctrine,
principle or movement: materialism, Buddhism -ist (to make a noun) I a person
who has studied sth or does sth as a job: artist industrialist 2 a person who believes
in sth or belongs to a particular group: enwronmerita/fst

-ment result or means of an action: entertainment government

-ness a quality, state, character: greatness, kindness -ology the study of a subject:
biology, psychology, zoology

-or sb/sth that carries out the action of the verb: translator, elevator

-osis (to make a noun) a process, change: hypnosis, diagnosis

-ship I state of being, status, office: friendship, relationship 2 skill, proficiency as:
scholarship -ure (to make a noun) act, process, condition: failure

-y pet name or familiar name: daddy verb suffixes

-en to give sth a particular quality; to make sth more: shorten, widen, blacken -ate
activate, domesticate

"(i)fy» (i)f*,ec* make into, cause to be, bring to a state of: pacify, terrify, purify -
ize, -ise I cause to be, make, like, change into: computerize, dramatize, sterilize 2
act with the qualities of: criticize, deputize

-able, ible I showing qualities of: fashionable, responsible 2 that can be, fit to be:
eatable, sensible. -al (to make adjectives) connected with: magical, verbal

-ant, -ent significant prudent -ary complimentary

-ed, -d having the characteristics of: talented,

-er used to form the comparative of an adjective: smaller, longer

-ese of a^place or a country: Chinese,Japanese -est used to form the superlative

of an adj or adv: smallest longest

-ful full of, having the quality of: faithful, peaceful -ian (proper n + - = n or adj):
Shakespearian -ier (n + - = comparative form of an adj) dustier -iest (n + - =
superlative form of an adj) dustiest -ic poetic, enigmatic, romantic, democratic -
ical practical, musical

-ing used to form present participle: running (water) -ish I Irish 2 resembling, in
the manner of: childish 3 somewhat, near to: greenish, fifty ish -ive having a
tendency towards, quality of: active, protective

-less without: treeless, spiritless -like resembling, in the manner of: childlike -ly I
having the qualities of: nightly, scholarly 2 regular occurrence: hourly, yearly -
mental related to:governmental -ory sensory, satisfactory

-ous having a particular quality: adventurous, poisonous, ambitious

-some likely to, productive of: quarrelsome, handsome, lonesome

-ward in the direction of: backward, eastward, homeward

-worthy deserving of: trustworthy -y having the quality of the thing mentioned:
salty, rainy, dusty, bushy;

adverb suffixes

-er used to form the comparative form an adverb: harder, faster

-est used to form the superlative form an adverb: hardest, fastest

-ably, -ibly in the manner of the adj mentioned: fashionably, sensibly

-ly, -ally, -ically, -ily in the manner of the adj: happily, stupidly

-ward(s) backwards -wise in the manner of: crosswise

NATIONALITIES

Country

Afghanistan [ffifgaemstcnn, US -stain] (Afganistan)

Albania [ael'beinio] (Amavutluk)

Algeria [ael^isria, US -'d3ir-] (Cezayir)

Argentina [,aid33n'ti:n3, US ta:r-] (Arjantin)

Armenia [ai'miinte, US air-] (Ermenistan)

Australia [o'stroilte, US o:-] (Avustralya)

Austria ['ostote, US ’o:s-] (Avusturya) Azerbaijan ^aezsbai^ain, US -zsr-]

(Azerbaycan)

Bangladesh [,baeggb'dej] (Banglade?)

Belgium ['beld33m] (Belpka)

Bolivia [bo'livis] (Bolivya)

Bosnia and Herzegovina [,bDzni3 and ^sitssgo'viino]

(Bosna Hersek)

Brazil [brs'zil] (Brezilya)

Bulgaria [bAl'gesris, US -'ger-] (Bulgaristan) Canada ['kasnsds] (Kanada)

China ['tjaino] (Cin)

Colombia [ks'lAmbis] (Kolombiya)

Croatia [krsu'eijs,* US krou-] (Hirvatistan) Cuba [‘kjuibs] (Kuba)

Cyprus ['saiprss] (Kibris)

Czech Republic [,tfek ri'pAblik] <£ek Cumhuriyeti)

Denmark’['denmaik, US -mairk] (Dammarka) Egypt [’i:d3ipt] (Misir)

England [‘ujgtend] (tngiltere)

Ethiopia [piOi'supte, US -'ou-] (Etiyopya) Finland [’fintend] (Finlandiya)

France [frains, US fraens] (Fransa)

Germany [ d33im3ni, CZ-S 'd33:r-] (Almanya) Great Britain ['greit 'britsn]

(Bfiyuk Britanya)

Greece [griis] (Yunanistan)

Hungary ['hAijgsri] (Macaristan)

Iceland [‘aistend] (Izlanda)

India ['indte] (Hindistan)

Indonesia [^nda'ni^a, Br also -zi3, US -33,

-Js] (Endonezya)

Iran (Train, I'raen] (Iran)

Iraq [I'raik, I'raek] (Irak)

Ireland ['distend] (irlanda)

Israel [’izreil] (israil)

Adjective

Afghan ['aefgaen], Afghani [asfgaini, US aefgaeni], Afghanistani

[aef.gsem'staini, t/S-staeni]

Albanian [ael'beinten]
Algerian [ael'dsisrisn, US -'d3ir-]

Argentinian [^^sn'tinisn, US ,a:rd3-], Argentine

Armenian [ai'miinisn, US air-]

Australian [o'stroilisn, US 31-]

Austrian [‘ostrten, US 'ois-]

Azerbaijani [.aszsbai'dsaini, US -zsr-], Azeri [s'zesri]

Bangladeshi ^basqgls'deji]

Belgian ['belc^dn]

Bolivian [ba'livten]

Bosnian ['bDznten, US 'ba:z-, ‘boiz-J

Brazilian [brs'zilisn]

Bulgarian [bAl'gesrisn, US -lger-]

Canadian [ks'neidisn]

Chinese [tfai'niiz]

Colombian [ko'lAmbten]

Croatian [krsu'eijsn, US krou-]

Cuban [‘kjuibsn]

Cypriot ['siprtet]

Czech [tfek]

Danish ['deinij], Dane [dein]

Egyptian [i^ipjdn]

English [’igglij], sing Englishman / Englishwoman

['igglijmsn ,wum3n],/?/ Englishmen ['iqglijmsn]

Ethiopian [piBi'supion, US ou-]

Finnish ['finif], Finn [fin]

French [frentfl, sing Frenchman Frenchwoman

['frentJmonjwomsn]. pi Frenchmen German ['c^imon, US 'd33ir-]

British [‘britij], Briton ['britsn] US Britisher ['britijo, US -sr]

Greek [griik]

Hungarian [hAq'georten, US- ger-]

Icelandic [ais'laendik], Icelander ['aislsndo, US -dor] Indian [’indisn]

Indonesian [^ndo'ni^on, Br also -zisn, US -33n, -Jon]

Iranian [I'remten]

Iraqi [draiki, I'raeki]

Irish ['airij*]

Israeli [iz'reili]

Adjective

Italian [I'tselion]

Jamaican ^s'meiksn]

Japanese [^aeps'niiz]

Jordanian jc^Di'deinten, US d33ir-]

North Korean [,no:0 ks'risn, US ,no:r0-]

South Korean [,sau0 ks'rion]

Luxembourg; Luxembourger [‘lAks3mb3ig3, US -b3irg3rl

Mexican [’meksiksn]

Moroccan [ms'roksn, US -’ra:-]

Nepalese ^neps'liiz]

Dutch [dAtJ], sing Dutchman Dutchwoman ['dAtJmsn ,wum3n],p/ Dutchmen

[’dAtJmsn]

New Zealand, New Zealander [,nju: 'ziilsnds, US ,nu:

-ar] , ,

Nigerian [nai d3i3risn, US - d3ir-]

Norwegian [n3:'wi:d33n, US noir-]

Pakistani [^aiki'staini, CZS (paeki'staeni]

Polish ['psulif, US1 pou-], Pole [psul, US poul] Portuguese [lpo:tj‘u,gi:z, US

,po:r-]

Rumanian [ru'meinisn]

Russian ['rAjsn], Russian Federation [,rAj*3n

feds'reijsn]

Rwandan [ru‘aend3n]

Saudi [’saudi], Saudi Arabian [,saudi s'reibisn]

Singaporean [^iqs'poirisn, ,sigg3-]

South African [,sau0 ’aefriksn]

Spanish ['spaenij], Spaniard ['spsnisd, US -njsrd] Swedish ['swiidij], Swede

[swiid]

Swiss [swis]
Syrian [’sirisn]

Thai [tai]

Tunisian [tjui'nizisn, US mu tui'ni^sn]

Turkish ['t3:kij, US ’tairkij], Turk [t3ik, U5t3:rk] Ukrainian [jui'kreinian]

Emirian [e'misrisn, US e'mir-]

British [’britij], Briton [’britsn]

American [s'meriksn]

Venezuelan ^vens'zweitan]

Yugoslavian [ juigsu'slaivisn, US 'juigou-], Yugoslav [juigsuslaiv, US 'juigou-]

MEASURES AND UNITS

LINEAR MEASURE

METRIC

BRITISH & USA

BASE UNIT: metre (m) BASE UNIT: I inch (in) = 2.53995 cm

The metre is the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time
interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second.

1 foot (ft) = 12 inches = 30.6 cm.s

= 10 mm 1 yard (yd) = 3 feet — 91.2 cm.s

= 10 cm 1 rod = 5.5 yards = 4.924 m.s

= 10 dm 1 chain (ch) = 4 rods = 19.696 m.s

= 10 m 1 furlong = 10 chains = 196.960 m.s

= 10 dam 1 mile(statue) = 8 furlongs = 1.575.568 km

= 10 hm 1 league = 3 miles = 4.727.040 km.s

= 10 km 1 fathom = 2 yards

1 nautical mile = 6080 feet

1 inch = 3 barleycorns

WEIGHT

METRIC

BRITISH & USA

BASE UNIT, kilogram (kg) BASE UNIT: pound (lb)

The kilogram is equal to the

mass of the international . ,

prototype of the kilogram. «o,rdupo,S pound troy pound

FRACTIONS

VULGAR FRACTIONS DECIMAL FRACTIONS

7s an / one eighth 0.125 (nought) point one two five

74 a / one quarter 0.25 ten point two five

7i a / one half 0.5 (nought) point five

3U three quarters 0.75 (nought) point seven five

3/s three eighth 0.375 (nought) point three seven five

6 'li six and a half 6.5 six point five

\03U ten and three quarters 10.75 ten point seven five

BRITISH

I hundredweight (cwt) = 16 quarters I "long" ton = 20 hundred-weights

US

I “short" hundredweight = 100 pounds I “short" ton = 20 “short” cwt = 2000

lb

Active English 1

Easy to use and comprehensive, Active English 1 is a discourse-based grammar

book that gives students a true understanding of the English language and how it
works.

Active English 1 enables students at the pre-intermediate level to communicate

with ease and clarity as they develop a natural sense of how, when, and why
English speakers use grammatical structure as they do.

Learning is made easy with clear chapter organization, concise charts and level
appropriate explanations.

Structures are presented with authentic example communicative exercises, so

students experience practise language as it occurs in real life.
1. She is a jazz music fen.

a. lover b. freak c. crazy