J. B. Alaba / Chemistry 26.

1 (2019) P a g e |1

Iodine Clock Reaction

Jaimie B. Alaba1
1College
of Home Economics, University of the Philippines, Quezon City 1101
Performed 01 February 2019; Submitted 07 February 2019

ABSTRACT
A condensed version of the entire paper; summarizes the four essential aspects of the paper, namely, purpose
of the experiment, results (% yield, % purity, etc.), significance of the study, and major conclusions. It should
give one an idea of the scope of the study. It includes a very brief summary of the major steps/techniques used
in the experiment. Do not include too much background information. No detailed procedures and sources of
errors. Typically, 100-200 words.

Sample:
Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) was examined using fluorescence and absorbance spectra from
sulfidic cave and thermal and non-thermal surface-discharging spring waters. Many of the sites have a limited
allochthonous supply of organic matter (OM) and contain ecosystems that are dependent on chemolithoautotrophic
microbial communities. Water-extracted OM from microbial mats at the sites had fluorescence signatures consistent
with the fluorescent amino acids. Based on fluorescence-derived indices and absorbance spectral characteristics, the
origin of the cave and spring CDOM appeared to be from microbially-derived material, and the degree of OM
humification was low. Little of the CDOM pool was represented by terrestrial humic fluorescence signatures, which
are typically observed in surface waters, as well as soil and sediment porewaters. Comparison of the cave and spring
waters with a wide array of reference humic substances and OM from other environments showed a continuum of
spectral properties constrained by origin and degree of humification.

Introduction (Cambria 11, Bold)
Provides pertinent background information about
the study. Acquaints readers with the experiment.
Should end with the objective(s) of the experiment.
Include citation [1] for all borrowed information.
References must be arranged as they are used in the
report.
It’s NOT just another version of the “INTRODUCTION”
found in the manual. Introduction must be in third
person (Cambria 11, justified).
Sample:
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been intensely
investigated in water systems around the world because
of the significant roles this ubiquitous material plays in
various biogeochemical and ecological processes [1]. In
natural settings, DOM parent material is primarily
derived from terrigenous and aquatic macro (e.g. plants,
animals) and microorganisms (e.g. algae, phytoplankton
and bacteria).
Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), the
fraction that absorbs ultraviolet (UV) and visible light, is
the controlling factor for the optical properties of
surface waters [2].
Materials and Methods (Cambria 11, Bold)
Summarizes the procedure performed in the
experiment in paragraph form (do not include parts that
were not done). Past tense, passive voice. Do not include
diagram or procedural steps in preparing set-ups – put
set-up figures in appendices and label properly all
the parts
(Cambria 11, justified)
Sample:
Synthesis
All fluorescence measurements were made using a
SPEX Fluorolog- 3 spectrofluorometer equipped with a
450W Xe lamp, double excitation and emission
monochromators and an extended red, high sensitivity,
multi-alkali photocathode photomultiplier tube with

*Corresponding author. Mobile: 09062510901

E-mail address: justinbirdwell@yahoo.com
 J. B. Alaba / Chemistry 26.1 (2019)
slits set to 5 nm for both excitation and emission
monochromators and using a 0.1 s integration time [3].
Characterization
EEM fluorescence spectra were obtained by collecting
a series of 43 emission scans (kEm 250–550 nm, 2.5 nm
intervals) at 5 nm excitation wavelength intervals
between kEx 240 and 450 nm.
Results and Discussion (Cambria 11, Bold)
Most important part of the report. Presents pertinent
results of the experiment. Organizes data into tables,
figures, graphs, etc. (whichever is appropriate). Should
provide labels with short caption for each tables, figures,
graphs, etc. Label for tables should be on top of the table
while label for figures should be below the figure.
Discussion should include the following:
 Mechanism of the reaction(s)
 Purpose of each reagents
 Rationalization of method (purpose of each major
techniques in the methodology)
 Techniques used to increase the yield
 Interpretation of results (What is its significance?)
 -Compare expected results with those obtained,
account for any difference
 Possible reasons for low yield
 Assessment of product purity
Each figure should have a brief caption describing it,
along with symbols to aid interpretation. Figures should
be numbered sequentially, i.e., “Figure 1.”, “Figure 2.”,
etc. and must be cited in the text as “figure 1,” “figure 2,”
etc.
Tables and figures should be centered unless they
occupy the full width of the page. Captions should be
placed on top of the table. Tables should be numbered
sequentially, i.e., “Table 1.”, “Table 2.”, etc. and should be
referred to in the text as “table 1,” “table 2,” etc.
(Cambria 11, justified)
Sample:
Geochemical Analysis
Geochemical data for each of the samples are listed in
Table 1.
P a g e |2
The EEM spectra of the cave and spring waters (Fig. 2,
panels a through i) contained many of the characteristic
peaks observed in other studies of marine and
terrestrial CDOM (e.g. Fig. 1).
Sample Absorbance and Fluorescence
The absorbance spectra for the cave and spring
waters had steep drops in optical density between 200
and 250 nm, followed by an exponential decrease with
increasing wavelength beyond 280 nm. Many samples
had a peak or shoulder in the ca. 260– 270 nm range,
consistent with strong absorbance by fluorescent amino
acids, but could also be due to the presence of a wide
range of other specific compounds that absorb in this
region of the UV spectrum.
Table 1. Amount of Alcohol and Acid for a Specific Type of
Ester –do not cut tables –
Flavor Alcohol Acid Volume
Volume(mL) (mL)
Banana 2-pentanol Acetic acid
(9.77 mL) (3.43 mL)
Figure 1. Gel permeation chromatogram of MePEG−PLA
block copolymer.
Conclusion and Recommendations (Cambria 11,
Bold)
Summary of important results (should answer: “so
what”). Discuss degree of success or failure of the
experiment. If necessary and possible, include
suggestions for improvement (on the method used, NOT
on the course or how it is being handled). Be direct in
stating conclusion and recommendation (don’t include
background information).
(Cambria 11, justified)
Sample:
 J. B. Alaba / Chemistry 26.1 (2019) P a g e |3

The cave and spring waters displayed strong

microbial fluorescence features, lacked significant
terrestrial signatures and exhibited unique absorbance
characteristics. One of the most important findings is
that a substantial portion of CDOM in karst waters, and
especially in sulfidic cave systems, appears to be almost
exclusively a result of in situ microbial activity.

References (Cambria 11, Bold)

Include at least 3 credible publications, books, journals,

etc.
(Cambria 11, justified)

Sample:
[1] Liu, H.; Neal, A. T.; Zhu, Z.; Luo, Z.; Xu, X.; Tománek,
D.; Ye, P. D. ACS Nano 2014, 8, 4033–4041.

[2] …

Please use ACS format in listing your references.

Minimum of 3 print references and maximum of 2 online
sources.

Appendices (Cambria 11, Bold)

 Other raw data and figures not presented in the discussion

 J. B. Alaba / Chemistry 26.1 (2019) P a g e |4

 Completely filled out data sheet with calculations

- Answers to questions that have no relevance/connection to the report.

Other remarks:
 Maximum of three (4) pages (including references but excluding appendix)
 Appendix should still be paginated. A two column format should be followed in the body until references.
Appendix should follow single column format.
 Attach your data sheets (if any) when submitting your formal report