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Mass Balance in Chemical Process

Mass Balance in Chemical Process

Process Flow Diagram


(PFD)
Mass Balance in Chemical Process
Single Unit

Multiple Unit

Mass Balance with Recycle

Mass Balance with Reaction

Multiple Unit With Recycle + Reaction


Single Unit Mass Balance
Component :
Overall Mass Balance
1. Water
2. Solid
A = B+C
A

Balance
Water

Mass
Solid
Water
Solid

C
Component Mass Balance
Water in A = Water in B+ Water in C
Solid in A = Solid in B+ Solid in C
B Water
Solid
Single Unit Mass Balance
Case 1.
1. Find the Concentration of
325 kg/ hr
water and solid
A 2. Find Flowrate in C and D !!
Water: 0.60
Solid…… Water
Solid : 0.3

Water : 0.4
B Solid
Single Unit Mass Balance
Case 2.
Find the concentration of acetic acid and water in stream A if the flow rate of B and C
are 200 and 430 kg/ hr
Single Unit Mass Balance
Use of molar quantities (no reaction)
• It is often useful to calculate a mass balance using molar quantities of materials and to
express composition as mole fractions or mole %.
• Distillation is an example, where equilibrium data is often expressed in mole fractions.

Distillate
Mole Frac Mole
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐴
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒 =
𝑀𝑤
Component 1 𝑋1 = 𝑍 A
Feed 𝐴
Component 2 𝑋2 = B
Residue/Bottom 𝑍

Distillation Total 𝑋1 +𝑋2 = 1 Z = A+B


Single Unit Mass Balance
Case 3.
1000 kmol/hr of an equimolar mixture of benzene and toluene is distilled
in a multistage batch distillation unit. 90 % of the benzene is recovered in
the top product (distillate). The top product has a benzene mole fraction of
0.95. Calculate the quantities of top and bottom products and the
composition of the bottom product.
Distillate
Benzene 0.95
Feed
Benzene
Equimolar : Containing the same number of moles Toluene
% Recovery : amount pure product recovered
Bottom
Single Unit Mass Balance
Case 4.
Single Unit Mass Balance
Case 5.
Single Unit Mass Balance
Case 6.
Multiple Unit Mass Balance
Combination of more than 1 equipments

A C
D E

Decanter Fire Heater

mixer

Reactor
Multiple Unit Mass Balance
• Solving material balances in multiple unit process is
basically the same as single unit processes

• In multiple unit, must isolate and write balance on several


subsystems to obtain enough equation to determine all
unknowns stream variables
Multiple Unit Mass Balance
Sub-system boundary Overall system boundary
Multiple Unit Mass Balance
Case 7.
A mixture of Water, Acetone and Chlorobenzene with different concentration are mixed
together and flow through a decanter. The decanter was used to separate acetone form
water because the solubility of acetone in chlorobenzene is higher. Calculate the flowrate
of each stream and composition (D included) based on provided information below!
F
C
A C F E
Mass Frac Mass Mass Frac Mass Mass Frac Mass Mass Frac Mass

Water 0.4 120 3 5 15 260 0.033 7


Decanter Acetone 0.4Fire 2
Heater 0.2 6 16 12 8 10
A D Chlorobenzene 1 60 0.3 90 17 13 0.467 11

mixer Total 1 300 4 14 9

E
Reactor
Multiple Unit Mass Balance
Case 8.
Separation of volatile metals by staged distillation. Solid lines represent liquid phase streams, and dashed lines are gas
streams. There is actually a small amount of Zn in F2 and a small amount of Hg in F5, but these are neglected to simplify
the process.
Multiple Unit Mass Balance
Case 8.

Easy right?

Overall Mass Balance


F1 = F2+F4+F5
Multiple Unit Mass Balance
Case 8.

Sub-System 1
F1= F2+F3

Sub-System 2
F3= F4+F5

Overall Mass Balance


F1 = F2+F4+F5
Multiple Unit Mass Balance
Case 8.
Sub-System 1 mass balance
F1= F2+F3
In Out
Component F1 F2 F3
% mass Mass (lb) % mass Mass (lb) % mass Mass (lb)
Hg
Cd
Zn
Total
Multiple Unit Mass Balance
Case 8.
Sub-System 2 mass balance
F3= F4+F5
In Out
Component F3 F4 F5
% mass Mass (lb) % mass Mass (lb) % mass Mass (lb)
Hg
Cd
Zn
Total
Multiple Unit Mass Balance
Case 9.
A labeled flowchart of a continuous steady-state two-unit process is shown below. Each stream contains two
components, A and B, in different proportions. Three streams whose flow rates and/or compositions are not known
are labeled 1, 2, and 3.
Quote of the day
If you don't like something, change it. If you can't
change it, change your attitude.
-Maya Angelou-

People may hear your words, but they feel your


attitude.
- John C. Maxwell-

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