Electrostatics 241

4. (b) Total flux coming out from unit charge

  1
 E.ds   1   01 1
0 19. (b) net   Qenc  Qenc  ( 2   1 ) 0
0
5. (c) q 4q
6. (a) As there is no charge residing inside the cube, 20. (a)  face  
6 0 6(4 0 )
hence net flux is zero.
1 1
q 21. (b)    Qenc  (2q)
7. (d)    0 i.e. net charge on dipole is zero. 0 0
0
22. (c) The electric field is due to all charges present
8. (a) Electric flux coming out through a closed whether inside or outside the given surface.
surface is q/0.
23. (b)
9. (c) To apply Gauss's theorem it is essential that 24. (c) In electric dipole, the flux coming out from
charge should be placed inside a closed positive charge is equal to the flux coming in
surface. So imagine another similar cylindrical at negative charge i.e. total charge on sphere
vessel above it as shown in figure (dotted). = 0. From Gauss law, total flux passing
through the sphere = 0.
25. (b) According to Gauss's applications.
q
26. (a) Flux is due to charges enclosed per 0
 Total flux = (14  78.85 56)nC /  0

10. (b) 4
  8.85 10 9 C   8.85 10 9  9  109  4
1 4 0
11. (d) e   E
2 0r r
 1000.4 Nm2 / C i..e. 1000 Nm2C 1
12. (b) Charge enclosed by cylindrical surface (length
100 cm) is Qenc  100Q. By applying Gauss's ql
1 1
27. (c) According to Gauss law  E  ds   0
law   (Qenc.)  (100Q)
0 0
 ds  2 rl; (E is constant)
2
N m J m ql q 1
13. (c) S.I. unit of electric flux is  =  E  2 rl   E i.e. E 
C C 0 2 0r r
volt  m. 28. (c) Let sphere has uniform chare density
1
14. (b) By using  E  dA 
0
(Qenc) 
 
3Q 
 and E is the electric field at
 4R 3 
15. (b) distance x from the centre of the sphere.
1 Applying Gauss law
16. (d) By Gauss’s law   (Qenclosed)
0 q V'  4 3
E. 4 x2     x
 Qenclosed  0  (8  10  4  10 ) 0 3 3 0 0 0 3 x
R
 4  103 0 Coulomb. (V'  Volume of dotted sphere)
Q 
17. (d) Net flux through the cube net  ; so flux  E x  Ex
0 3 0
q Capacitance
through one face  face 
6 0
V V V
1 1. (c) V '    K=8
18. (a)  surface (Qenclosed) 8 K 8
0 2. (c) Battery in disconnected so Q will be constant as
+ C  K . So with introduction of dielectric slab
+ +
Qenc capacitance will increase using Q = CV, V will
+ +
Spherical + Closed
conductor + surface
+ +
 242 Electrostatics
Q2 Q t
decrease and using U , energy will  (d  t  )
2C A 0 K
decrease.
Q Q
1 q2 C 
3. (a) q  CV and U  CV 2  Hence capacitance V Q t
2 2C (d  t  )
A 0 K
1 1
4. (a) U  CV 2   4  10 6  (100)2  0.02 J
2 2 0A 0A
 
Q1 Q2 t  1
5. (d) When  ; current will flow in (d  t  ) d  t 1 
R1 R2 K  K
connecting wire so that energy decreases in
the form of heat through the connecting wire. K 0 A
16. (d) C
6. (a,d)Capacitance will be increased when a d
dielectric is introduced in the capacitor but
potential difference will remain the same 17. (a) Stationary charge produces electric field only.
because battery is still connected. So 18. (d)
according to q = CV, charge will increase i.e.
1 1 0A  A
Q  Q0 and U  QV0, U0  Q0V0  19. (b) C . C'  0  C' 2C
2 2 d d/2
Q  Q0 so U  U0 20. (b) By using Vbig  n2 / 3vsmall 
7. (c) VBig 4
V 1  (8)2 / 3 
8. (b) U 
 0
CV dV  CV 2
2
vsmall 1
21. (b)
9. (b) Law of conservation of charge.
VBig  n2 / 3vsmall  (1000)2 / 3vsmall  100vsmall
10. (c) After the connection of wire V1  V2
Eair E
Q1 Q2 Q1 25 22. (b) Emedium 
     Q1  Q2 K 2
25 20 Q2 20
23. (d) Given : (b – a) = 1  10–3 m ..... (i)
11. (c) Volume of 8 small drops = Volume of big drop
 ab 
4 3 4 and C  4 0    1 10 6
8 r  R3  R = 2r  b  a 
3 3 b a

As capacity is r, hence capacity becomes 2 6 1  ab 

times.  1 10   3 
9  109  10 
12. (a)
1 1  ab  9 ..... (ii)
U CV 2   50 10 6  (10)2  2.5  10 3 J
2 2 From equations (i) and (ii)
13. (b) 9 1
b   1000 b2 – b – 9000 = 0
14. (d) Cmedium K Cair  b 1000
Cmedium 110 1 (1)2  4(1000)( 9000)
K   2.20  b
Cair 50 2 1000
15. (c) Potential difference between the plates V = Vair {Solving of quadratic equation}
+ Vmedium
 b
1 36 106 36 106
    3 m.
  (d  t)  t + 2000 2000
0 K 0 +
–
24. (a) High K means good insulating property and
–
 t A
+
k high x means able to withstand electric field
 V (d  t  ) –
+ gradient to a higher value.
0 K + –
+ –
25. (b) Cmedium K  Cair

t 26. (d) By using Q  nq  Q  64 q

 Electrostatics 243

0A V1 d1
27. (c) Capacity of parallel plate capacitor C 37. (a) For capacitor  
d V2 d2
CA
V1  d2 60 12
28. (b) After connection of wire, potential becomes V2    180V
equal d1 4
Q1 Q2 Q1 r1 38. (d) Area of the given metallic plate A = r2
    when r1 > r2, then 2
r1 r2 Q2 r2 r A
Area of the dielectric plate A'     
Q1  Q2  2 4

29. (c) Uncovered area of the metallic plates

30. (b) Because metals
electricity.
are good conductor of
A"  A  A'
 0 AK A 3A
31. (b) C  4 0r  A 
d 4 4
r = Radius of sphere of equivalent capacity C'
K
AK 100 104  6 A
A/4
 r  C''
4d 1 10 3  4  3.14
15 d
  4.77m
3.14 The given situation is equivalent to a parallel
32. (a) combination of two capacitor. One capacitor
(C') is filled with a dielectric medium (K = 6)
 ab  1  12 9  104  A
C  4 0K    9
.6  2  having area while the other capacitor (C'')
 b  a  9  10  3  10  4
 24 1011  240pF 3A
is air filled having area
4
1
33. (c) C   Hence
d
K
Cmedium d 6 6 Ceq  C ' C " 
   3
Cair t 4.5 2
d t 6  4.5   0A  K 3  0A  6 3  9
K 9         C
d  4 4 d  4 4 4
34. (d) Since charge flows from high potential to lower
potential.   A
C  0 
If positive charge is given, then V1 < V2 as r1 >  d 
r2
39. (d) If nothing is said, it is considered that battery
So positive charge flows from Q  P is disconnected. Hence charge remain the
If negative charge is given, then V1 > V2 same
So negative charge flows form P  Q. 
Also Vair   d and
Since it is not given that whether the charge 0
given is positive or negative, hence the
information is incomplete.  t
Vmedium (d  t  )
0 k
Q2
35. (c) W   W'  4W
2C t 6
(d  t  ) (8  6  )
 Vm k  Vm  6 
36. (a) Potential difference across the condenser 
  Va d 120 8
V  V1  V2  E1t1  E2t2  t1  t2 Vm = 45V
K1 0 K 2 0
0A 1  (0.12)2
  t1 t2  Q  t1 t2  C  .
 V       40. (c) t 4  9  109  1
 
 0  K1 K 2  A 0 K K  d t  2   10 3
 1 2  K  2
 244 Electrostatics
2 144 1010
2/ 3
50. (a) VBig  n .vsmall 
  160pF
36 5 VBig  (27)2 / 3.vsmall  9 vsmall
41. (c) Electric field between the plates of a parallel
 Q  ab 
51. (b) In spherical capacitor C  4 0K   
plate capacitor E   i.e. E  do  b a
 0 A 0
CK
 A K 0 A 52. (a) In air the potential difference between the
42. (b) C  0  1pF and C'   2pF 
d 2d plates
K = 4. 
Vair  .d ..... (i)
43. (b) When a dielectric K is introduced in a parallel 0
plate condenser its capacity becomes K times.
In the presence of partially filled medium
q2 potential difference between the plates
Hence C '  5C0 . Energy stored W0 
2C0  t
Vm  (d  t  ) ..... (ii)
q 2
q 2
W0 0 K
 W'    W' 
2C ' 2 5C0 5 Potential difference between the plates with
dielectric medium and increased distance is
44. (a) Force on one plate due to another is
  t
 Vm'  (d  d' )  t   ..... (iii)
F = qE = q 0  K
2 0K
According to question Vair  Vm' which gives
 q  q2
 q  
 t
 2AK 0  2AK 0 K 
t  d'

(where is the electric field produced 2
2 0K Hence K  5
2  1.6
by one plate at the location of other).
45. (d) Extra charge Q = (2CV – CV) = CV flows  q
53. (b) Initially F = qE and E   F 
through potential V of the battery. Thus W = 0 0
QV = CV 2

46. (d) If the drops are conducting, then If one plate is removed, then E becomes
2 0
4 4 
R 3  N  r 3   R  N1 / 3r . Final
3 3  q F
So F '  
charge Q = Nq 2 0 2
Q Total charge
So final potential V 54. (a) Common potential V 
R Total capacitanc
e
Nq
 1/ 3
 V  N2/ 3 150 106  2
N r V  9  106 V
47. (c) Because the charges are produced due to 4 0(10 10 2  20 10 2)
induction and moreover the net charge of the 55. (d) Because for metal K = .
condenser should be zero.
56. (c) The energy will be minimum in this case and
1 2 2 every system tends to possess minimum
48. (b) E  EFinal  EInitial  C(VFinal  VInitial
)
2 energy.
1 57. (d) When the battery is disconnected, the charge
  6  (202  102) 10 6 will remain same in any case.
2
Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is
 3  (400 100) 106  3  300 106  9  104 J 0A
49. (c) Since aluminum is a metal, therefore field given by C
d
inside this will be zero. Hence it would not
affect the field in between the two plates, so When d is increased, capacitance will
q q decreases and because the charge remains
capacity   remains unchanged. the same, so according to q  CV, the
V Ed
voltage will increase, Hence the electrostatics
energy stored in the capacitor will increase.
 Electrostatics 245

V 100 67. (b) In charging of capacitor half of the supplied

58. (c) New potential difference    10V energy is stored in the capacitor.
K 10
68. (c) In this process capacity increases, so battery
 A supplies additional charge to capacitor.
59. (b) 4 0r  0 
d 0A
 0 A Cmedium
A  (20 10 ) 3 2 69. (d) By using Cair  , t
d   0.1mm d d t
4r 4  1 K
60. (c) When dielectric is introduced, the capacitance 0A
will increase and as the battery remains For K =  Cmedium
connected, so the voltage will remain d t
constant. Hence according to Q  CV, the Cm d Cm 6
charge will increase.     
6
Ca d  t 15 6  3
61. (a) 4 0r  1 10 
Cm  30 C
6 9
r  10  9  10  9 km
 0KA
62. (b) After inserting the dielectric slab 70. (d) C  C  K, Q = CV  Q  C (V =
d
K 0 A
New capacitance C'  K .C  constant)
d 71. (a) Initially when key is closed, the capacitor acts
as short-circuit, so bulb will light up. But finally
V
New potential difference V'  the capacitor becomes fully charged, so it will
K act as open circuit, so bulb will not glow.
 0 AV A A
New charge Q'  C ' V'  72. (c) C1   0 and C2  K  0
d d1 d2
V' V C1 1 d2 C 1 2d
New electric field E'         K=4
d Kd C2 K d1 2C K d
Work done (W) = Final energy – Initial energy
73. (b) Capacity of spherical conductor of 20 cm
1 1 diameter C1  4 0r  4 0  10
W  C' V' 2  CV 2
2 2 Capacity of parallel plate air capacitor
2
1 V 1
 (KC )    CV 2  0 A  0[ (2)2]  0  4
2 K
  2 C2   
d d d
1 1  1  1
 CV 2  1   CV 2 1   4 0
2 K  2  K Hence C1  C2  40 0  
d
 0 AV 2  1 d  103 m
 1  so
2d  K 74. (c) Capacity when outer sphere is earthed

 0 AV 2  1 ab
| W|  1  . C1  4 0
2d  K b a
Capacity when inner sphere is earthed
63. (d)
4 0ab  b2 
V 100 C2  4 0b   4 0  

64. (b) E    3  10,0000V / m b a  b  a 
d 10
Difference in capacity = C2 – C1 = 40b
65. (d) The electric field between the spheres of a
charged capacitor is non-uniform and it 75. (a)
decreases with distance from the centre as 76. (d) Electric field between the plates of parallel
1 plate capacitor is uniform and it doesn't
E . depend upon distance.
r2
K 0 A C K C 5
0A  A 77. (b) C ;  1  1    C2
66. (d) C 2 0 d C2 K 2 C2 20
d  (d / 2) d = 4C
 246 Electrostatics

(c) C 
ab 0A
78. ; a = R – x, b = R so, 91. (a) We have C 
b a d
R(R  x) Cd 3  5  103
C A 
x 0 8.85 1012
79. (d) When there is no battery, charge remains
same while potential difference and electric  1.7  109 m2
field decreases
 (0.08)2 0
V  3 V0 92. (b) Q  CV   100 1.8  10 8 C
i.e. Q'  Q0, V'  0  and 1 10 3
9 3
E  3 E0 A 0
E'  0  93. (d) C  10F
9 3 d
80. (a) V  n2 / 3v  A 0 A 0 A 0 4 A
C1     . 0
t d d d  1 3 d
109 d t d  1  
V  (64)2 / 3  9  109  k 2 2k 2  2
(2 10 2)
= 7.2  103 V 4
 C1   10  13.33F
81. (d) V = n 2/3
v  V = (125) 2/3
 50 = 1250 V 3
1 1 1
82. (a) Wext  C' V'2  CV 2 94. (b) The energy stored  QV
2 2 2
 1  C  1 1 0A K 0 A
     (2V)2  CV 2  CV 2 95. (c) C1  and C2 
2
   2 2 2 d 2d
1 C2 K 40 1012 K
Wext   50 10 6  (100)2  25 10 2 J     K=8
2 C1 2 10 1012 2
1 CC
83. (c) V  | V  ( V)|2  CV 2 96. (c) C ' n1 / 3C  C ' 21 / 3 C  2C < C' > C
2 (C  C)
97. (c)
84. (c) 1 1
0A 0A 5000 U CV 2   2 10 6  (200)2  4  10 2 J
C   0A 2 2
3 3
 t1 t2  6  10 4  10 7 C
    (c) C  4 0 R , R
k k  10 5 98.
4 0

 1 2

85. (c) Initially charge on the capacitor R  (1 / 9) 9  109  109 m

Q  10 12  120C 99. (a)
Finally charge on the capacitor 100. (b) C  4 0 R
Q'  (5  10) 12  600C
C
So charge supplied by the battery later R  9  109  1012  9  10 3 m
 Q'Q  480C 4 0
86. (a) Diameter = 2R = 2  9  10–3 = 18  10–3 m
87. (c) Heat produced = Energy of charged capacitor Q Qd
1 101. (b) V  =  Vd
 CV 2 C  0KA
2
102. (a)
1 1 1
  (2 10 6) (100)2  0.01J U CV 2   10 1012  (50)2  1.25 10 8 J
2 2 2
88. (a)
103. (c) F A  FB ; because an uniform electric field
89. (b) Potential of both spheres will be same.
produced between the plates.
Cmedium C
90. (d) Cair   t 4  103
K 2 104. (b) K   8
t  d' 4  10 3  3.5  10 3
 Electrostatics 247

Eair = Total charge

105. (a) Emedium  r1 
k  5 
 
 r  r   30 5  10  10C
106. (a) Maximum potential difference  1 2  
kV 0A
 19  0.01mm 0.19kV  190V
mm 118. (d) C and
d
107. (b) C   n1 / 3C  (64)1 / 3 C  4C
0A 2 A
C'   0
1 1  d (d / 2) d
108. (d) U  CV 2   700 1012(50)2
2 2 d   
 2  
7
 8.7  10 J
 C' 2C
V2
109. (d) U  U 2  U1  (C2  C1) 119. (b) By inserting the dielectric slab. Capacitance
2 (i.e. ability to hold the charge) increases. In
the presence of battery more charge is
(100)2
 (10 2) 10 6  4  10 2 J supplied from battery.
2 120. (a) Initial energy of body of capacitance 4 F is
1 1 1
2
110. (a) U  CV   12 10
12
 (50)2 Ui   (4  10 6)(80)2  0.0128J
2 2 2
 1.5  108 J Final potential on this body after connection is
C1 d2 4  80  6  30
1 15 2 V  50V. So final energy
111. (c) C       C2 = 45F 46
d C2 d1 C 2 6
on it
112. (d)
1
Uf   4  10 6(50)2  0.005J
0A 2
0A C' 
113. (c) C and  t Energy lost by this body = Ui – Uf = 7.8 mJ
d d  t  
 K 121. (d)
 t 122. (d) Capacitance of the given assembly
d  t  
C  K  RR  R1R2
 C  4 0  1 2   C 
C' d (R2  R1)
 R2  R1 
 3 
 2  10 3  1  10 3  1  10  123. (d)
 2 
20   1 C d C 8
   3 124. (c) C  1  2 so 2   C2  20F
C' 2  10 d C2 d1 10 4
C '  26.6F
1 1
114. (a, b) 125. (a) U  CV 2 so 24  60 60  C(1200)2 
2 2
 0KA C1 K1 d2 C=120 mF
115. (a) C   
d C2 K 2 d1 126. (a) Energy density
2
2 1 (0.4 / 2) 1 1   2 q2
   C 2  11.2  F   0 E 2   0   
 
C 2 2.8 (0.4) 2 2  0  2 0 2 0 A 2
127. (b)
1 C1C2(V2  V1)2
116. (c) U  Q2 (40 106)2 16 1010
2 (C1  C2) U  6
 5
 8  10 5 J
2C 2 10  10 2 10
(3  5) 1012  (500 300)2
  8  105  107  800erg
(3  5)  10 6
128. (c)
12 4
15 10  4  10 CV 2 Q  E 106  105
 6
 0.0375J 129. (b) F     0.05N
8  10 2d 2 2
117. (b) Charge on smaller sphere
 248 Electrostatics
130. (d) Work done W  U f  U i  25 103 erg

1 1 (C) 1 1
Ui  CV0 2 andU f  .(3V0 )2 141. (d) U  CV 2  5  10 6  (20 103)2  1kJ
2 2 3 2 2
1 2 0A 1
 3 CV0 142. (d) C As A  times and d  2 times
2 d 2

 0 AV0 2 1 1 12
So W So C  times i.e. C  C  3 F
d 4 4 4

131. (b) In the presence of battery potential difference 1 1

143. (c) U  CV 2   6  10 6(100)2  0.03J
V 2 2
remains constant. Also E  , so E remains
d 144. (c) Because there is no source of charge.
same.
0A
K A 145. (d) Cair  , with dielectric slab C=
132. (c) Capacitance with dielectric Cmedium 0 d
d
K 0A
 Cmedium
d  t
d  t  
133. (a)  K 
134. (a) Thin metal plates doesn't affect the 0A 4  A
capacitance. 4   0
Given C  C   t 3 d
1 1 3 d  t  
135. (b) U  CeqV 2  (nC)V 2  K
2 2
136. (c) U Big  n
5/3
usmall 4t 4(d / 2)
K  2
4t  d 4[(d / 2)  d]
137. (c) After redistribution new charges on spheres
 10  10 1 1
are Q'1     10  C 146. (d) U  CV 2   10 10 6  (500)2
 10  20  3 2 2
 1.25J
 20  20
and Q'2     10  C
 10  20  3 0A Cd
147. (c) C  0   0 
d A
 1 Q1' r22
Ratio of charge densities   Farad m F
 2 Q2' r12 2

m m
10/ 3  20 2
2
 Q  Q2 (8  1018 )2
       148. (a) W    32 10 32 J
20/ 3  10  1  4r 2  2C 2  100 106
 small q R2 q (n1 / 3r)2 149. (a) V  n2 / 3v  (64)2 / 3  10  160volt
138. (d)   2  
 Big Q r (nq) r2
150. (d) V  n2 / 3v  2.5  (125)2 / 3v 
1 / 3 1 / 3 1
n  (64) 
4 2.5
V  0.1volt
25
1
139. (a) C  4 0 R   1  1.1  1010 F
9  10 9 1 E
151. (a) Let E  C 0 V0 2 then E1  2E and E 2 
2 2
140. (d)
1 1 E1 4
U CV 2   2  106  (50)2  25 10 4 J So 
2 2 E2 1
 Electrostatics 249
152. (c) Work done appears in the form of energy 163. (a) When a lamp is connected to D.C. line with a
capacitor. If will form an open circuit. Hence,
q2 the lamp will not glow.
which is given by
2C 164. (b) The increase in energy of the capacitor
153. (b) Some energy lost in the form of heat in 1 1
resistance also.
U  C(V22  V12)  (6  10 6)(202  102)
2 2
154. (c) Given  V  200volt, Q  0.1C
 3  106  300 9  104 J
QV 0.1  200 1 1
As energy U ,U 165. (b) U  CV 2   4  10 6  (400)2  0.32J
2 2 2 2
 10 Joule
166. (b) The energy density of parallel plate capacitor
2/ 3 2/ 3 2
155. (b) V  n v  (8) v  4v i.e. 4 times. 1 1 V
is given by U   0E 2   0  
2 2 d
Q2
156. (b) U  ; in given case C increases so U will 2
2C 1  300volt 
  8.85 1012 C 2 / Nm2   
decrease. 2 3
 2  10 m 
157. (b) Power  0.1 J / m3

1 167. (d) Dielectric constant of medium

CV 2
1 40 10 6  (3000)2
 2   90kW K 
Capacityof condenser
withmedium 12
 6
t 2 2 10 3 Capacityof condenser 2.0

C C C K 0 A K
158. (c) Using C  n1 / 3c  c  1/ 3 
1/ 3 168. (b) C 
n (8) 2 d d
1 C1 K1 d2 K d/2 1
 F Hence,     
2 C2 K 2 d1 2K d 4
0A Therefore, C2 = 4C1
159. (d) C ......(i)
d 169. (d) Q1  102 C , Q2  5  102 C
 0KA Total charge of the system Q = 6  10–6 C
C'  ......(ii)
2d Charge on small sphere
C' K
From equation (i) and (ii)   Q r1 6  102  1
C 2 Q'1    2 10 2 C
r1  r2 1 2
K
2 K4 170. (a) The potential difference across the parallel
2
plate capacitor is 10V  (10V)  20V.
2
1Q
160. (a) Energy U  for a charged capacitor Q 40
2 C Capacitance    2F .
V 20
charge Q is constant and with the increase in
 1 171. (c) V  Q / C
separation C will decrease  C   , So
 d Q = the amount of charge
overall U will increase.
C = capacitance which depends on geometry
161. (b)
and size of conductor.
162. (b) In general electric field between the plates of a
charged parallel plate capacitor is given by
Grouping of Capacitors

E
 0K 1. (d) Q1  CV and Q2  CV
 250 Electrostatics
Applying charge conservation
CV1  CV2  Q1  Q2
CV1  CV2  2CV  V1  V2  2V
2. (a)
3. (c) The given arrangement becomes an
arrangement of (n  1) capacitors connected Effective capacitance of the system
in parallel. So C R  (n  1)C  5  5  10F

4. (a) 1 1 1 1 1
12. (a)      Cs  2F
5. (a) The given circuit is equivalent to a parallel Cs 3 9 18 2
combination two identical capacitors
Hence equivalent capacitance between A and Cs 2 1
B is C C p  3  9  18  30F   
C p 30 15
0A 0A
C=  13. (b) Total capacitance of given system
d d A C B 8
Ceq  F
2 0 A 5

d 1 1 8
U CeqV 2    10 6  225 180 10 6 J
C1C2 2 2 5
6. (c) Ceq   2.4F .
C1  C2  180 106  107 erg 1800erg

Charge flown = 2.4  500  10–6 C =1200 C. 1 1

14. (c) U  CV 2   2 (200)2  10 6  0.04J
k1 0 A1 k2 0 A2 2 2
7. (c) CR  C1  C2  
d d 15. (c) Q1  Q2  Q3 because in series combination
A A charge is same on both the condenser and
2  0 4 0 V  V1  V2 because in parallel combination
 2  2
d d V2  V3.
10 10 Hence V  V1  V2
 2  4  30F
2 2
16. (b) The given circuit can be drawn as 12F
8. (d) In series combination, charge is same on each
capacitor. where C  (3  2)F  5F
9. (b) According to energy conservation, energy P
1 1 1 1 20 Q1 5F
remains the same     
U parallel U series CPQ 5 20 12 60 3

1 1C  CPQ  3F 20F
(nC)V 2    V'2  V' = nV
2 2 n 17. (b) In series combination Q is constant, hence
according to
( V' = potential difference across series
combination) Q2 1 U1 C2 0.6 2
10. (d) The circuit can be drawn as follows U  U    
2C C U2 C1 0.3 1
3 F
1 F 18. (b) Potential difference across 4F capacitor
 6 
1 F 1 F V   500  300volt
A B  4  6
1 F C1C2
19. (c) Charge flowing  V . So potential
C1  C2
3 1 3
 C AB   F C1C2V 1
3 1 4 difference across C1  
C1  C2 C1
11. (d) In the given system, no current will flow
through the branch CD so it can be removed C2V
C 
10
5 F C1  C2
10

A B

10 10 5 F
D
 Electrostatics 251

20. (c) In parallel, C  C1  C2  C3  20F

1 1 1 1
21. (c)    
CR C1 C2 C3
CR  (C11  C21  C31)1
22. (c) C1  2C and C2  C / 2, so C1 / C2  4 : 1

23. (a) In parallel combination V1  V2

Equivalent capacitance = 4  8 = 32F
q1 q2 q1 C1
or    33. (d) The given circuit can be redrawn ass follows
C1 C2 q2 C2 10F

24. (c)
12F 5F 8F
25. (d) The circuit can be drawn as follows A B
F
Q Q'
1F 1F 9F
 Equivalent
A B capacitance
60 V
A B
1F Equivalent capacitance of the circuit
C AB  4F
q2
26. (a) Energy (U)  . q remains same so
Charge given by the battery
2C
Q  CeqV  4  60  240C
1
U Charge in 5F capacitor
C
5
U Before C1  C2 Q'   240 50C
  (10 5  9)
U After C1
34. (b) The given circuit can be redrawn as follows
3 3 3 C
27. (a) C AB  3   4, F C AC    3F
3 2 2
C
 C AB : C AC  4 : 3
 CAB = 3C
A B
1 1 C
28. (c) Initial energy Ui  C1V12  C2V22 , Final
2 2
1 35. (b) The given arrangement is equivalent to the
energy U f  (C1  C2)V 2 (where parallel combination of three identical
2 capacitors. Hence equivalent capacitance
C1V1  C2V2 0A
V )  3C  3
C1C2 d
Hence energy loss 1 1 1 1
36. (d) Total capacitance    
C1C2 C 20 8 12
U  Ui  U f  (V1  V2)2
2(C1  C2) C
120
F
29. (b) The two capacitors are in parallel so 31
 A 120
C  0 (k1  k2) Total charge Q  CV   300 1161C
t 2 31
1 1 1 1 2 Charge, through 4 F condenser
30. (c)     C F 1161
C 2 2 2 3   580C
2
31. (c) Charges developed are same so
and potential difference across it
V
C1V1  C2V2  1  2 580
V2   145V
4
V1  V2  120  V1  80volts 1
8 F 37. (c) U  CV 2
32. (a) Given circuit can be drawn as 2
8 F
A B
8 F

8 F
 252 Electrostatics
Now if V is constant, then U is greatest when
'Ceq' is maximum. This is when all the three are
in parallel.
38. (d) 4F
2F 3 3
A
On further solving
12F the network in
 2 1
similar manner
A 2F B
equivalent
capacitance
obtained between B 3 3
39. (b) Equivalent capacitance of the circuit
A and B will be 1 F.
Ceq  6F
44. (d) 12 F and 6F are in series and again are in
Charge supplied from source Q = 6  20 =120
C parallel with 4F.
Therefore, resultant of these three will be
4F 12F
12 6
12F   4  4  4  8F
12 6
8F
Q' This equivalent system is in series with 1 F.
Q
8 1 8
Its equivalent capacitance   F
20V 81 9
....(i)
Hence charge on the plates of 4 F capacitor
Equivalent of 8F, 2F and 2F
4
 Q'   120 40C 4  8 32 8
(4  8)    F .....
4  8 12 3
40. (b) Charge flows to second capacitor until the (ii)
potential is same i.e. V/2. So new charge = CV/
(i) and (ii) are in parallel and are in series with
2
C
41. (d) Given circuit can be drawn as follows. It is a
balance whetstone bridge type network, 32
C
hence 24 F capacitor can be neglected 8 8 32 9
   and Ceq  1  
4F 9 3 9 32
6F 12F C
9
32
A B C F
23
45. (d) The two capacitors formed by the slabs may
9F 18F
6F assumed to be in series combination.
Equivalent capacitance between A and B = 4 + 6 46. (d) The given circuit can be simplified as follows
= 10F. 8
F 20
42. (c) By using, common potential F
3 3
C1V1  C2V2
V 12 8 4 12
8/3
C1  C2 
A 4 B A 4 B
16 16
2 200 C2  0
 20   C2  18F
2  C2
Hence equivalent capacitance between A and
43. (a) The given circuit can be redrawn as follows B
1F 1 1 1 1 240
3F     C AB  F
A
3F 3F 3F
A
3 3 C AB 12 20 / 3 16 71
47. (c) Let q1, q2 be the charges on two condensers
2F 3F 2 1
2F 2

B 3F 3F 3F B 3 3

 Electrostatics 253

q1 q2 q1 6 3 1 1 1
 V     53. (b)    C  2 pF
6 14 q2 14 7 C 3 6
Total charge  2 1012  5000 108 C
14
Also q1  q2  600 q1  q1  600
6 The new potential when the capacitors are
connected in parallel is
600
q1  6
20 2  108
V  2222V
q1 600 (3  6)  1012
 V   30volt
6 20 C  4C 4C
54. (b) Ceq  
48. (a) By using charge conservation (C  4C) 5
0.2 600 (0.2  1)V 4C C1=C C2=4C
Q  Ceq.V   100 80C
0.2 600 5
 V  100V V1 V2
1.2 Q 80C
Hence V1    80V
49. (d) The given circuit can be redrawn as follows C1 C1 100V
potential difference across 4.5 F capacitor
80C
4.5 F and V2   20V
4C
9 9 F
  12 1 4
V 9  55. (d) CPQ  F  1F  F
  9 3 3
2 
56. (b) The given circuit can be simplified as follows
= 8V 1F
12 V 2F
A 2F
A
50. (b) The possible arrangement may be + 1F
1F 2F  1F
2F – 1F
1F
B B
2F  2F
2F 1F
A A
A 2F B
2F 2F 1F 1F  1F 2F

B B
C1V1  C2V2 2F
51. (a) By using V  Hence equivalent capacitance between A and
C1  C2 B is 2F.
57. (a) From the given figure, total capacitance is
10 100 C2  0
 40   C2  15F 1 1 1 1 1
10 C2    1  
1 C (1  2.5) C 3.5
52. (a) The total energy before connection 3.5
C  1.4 F
2.5
1 1
  4  10 6  (50)2   2 10 6  (100)2 58. (a) Loss of energy during sharing =
2 2 2
C1C2(V1  V2)
2
 1.5  10 J 2(C1  C2)
When connected in parallel
In the equation, put V2  0, V1  V0
200
4  50  2 100 6  V  V  C1C2V02
3  Loss of energy 
Total energy after connection 2(C1  C2)

1  200
2 C2U0  1 2
  6  10 6     1.33 10 2 J  U0  2 C1V0 
2  3  C1  C2  
 254 Electrostatics
59. (d) Minimum when connected in series and 2F
maximum when connected in parallel.
60. (c) The circuit can be rearranged as 2F 5F 2F 1F 2F 2F
P Q Q
2F  P
12F
A 2F 1F

B
2F
 CPQ  1 F
66. (c) In steady state condition. No current flows
2F
through line (1). Hence total current
Net capacitance between
2.5
4  12 i  1A
AB   2  5 F (1  1  0.5)
4  12
1 1
61. (c) Energy stored in the capacitor Line
1 (2)
 CV 2  100 5F
2 2
Line
1 6 (1)
  10 10  (100 103 )2  100 5  106 J
2
Electric energy costs  108PaiseperkWH 2.5V
108Paise Potential difference a cross line (2) = potential
 difference a cross capacitor
3.6  106 J  1 2  2 Volt
Total cost of charging So, charge on capacitor = 5  2 = 10 C
5  106  108 67. (d)
  150Paise
3.6  106 68. (b) Initially potential difference a cross each
capacitor
1
  1 F 20 400
62. (b) Net capacitance  1 1 1 V1   200 V
    (10 20) 3
 2 3 6
10 200
Total charge  CV  1 F  10V  10 C and V2   200 V
(10 20) 3
Total charge on every capacitor in series
system is same. So charge on 3 F is 10 C. C1V1  C2V2
Finally common potential V
63. (c) The given circuit can be simplified as follows C1  C2
2F 2
μF 400 200
3 2F 1F 10  20
1F 1F
V 3 3  800 V
(10 20) 9
X 1F Y X Y
 69. (c) Charge on C1 = charge on C2
2F 2F
 C1(VA  VD )  C2(VD  VB )

2 8  C1(V1  VD )  C2(VD  V2) 

 C xy   2  F
3 3 C1V1  C2V2
VD 
64. (c) Common potential C1  C2
6  20 3  0 120
V  Volt 2 2
(6  3) 9 70. (c) C   2  3 F
2 2
So, charge on 3 F capacitor
2F 2F
120 6
Q2  3  10   40 C
9
2F
65. (b) The given circuit can be redrawn as follows
 Electrostatics 255

(C1  C2)  C3
C
(C1  C2)  C3
C1V1  C2V2 10 50 C2  0 (5  10)  4 60
71. (d) V  20     3.2 F
C1  C2 10 C2 5  10  4 19
 200 20C2  500  C2  15 F 79. (d)
2F 1F 2F
72. (d) The given figure is equivalent to a balanced A B
Wheatstone’s bridge, hence Ceq  6 F

C1C2 1 1 1 1 1 2  1 4
73. (a) C p  4Cs  (C1  C2)  4       2
(C1  C2) C 2 1 2 2 2
C AB  0.5 F
 (C1  C2)2  0  C1  C2
80. (a)
74. (a) In steady state potential difference a cross 3F 3F 3F
capacitor = 2V.
A B
So charge on capacitor Q  10 2  20 C
75. (a) 1 1 1 1
    1  C AB  1 F
2C P 2C P C AB 3 3 3
2C 2C 81. (d) C1 + C2 + C3 =12 ....(i)
2C 2C C C1C2C3 = 48 ....(ii)
C 
C C 2C C1 + C2 = 6 ....(iii)
Q Q
From equation (i) and (iii)
C + C = 2C 2C/ 2 = C
C3 = 6 ....(iv)
2C P 2C P From equation (ii) and (iv) C1C2 = 8


2C
  CPQ=3C Also (C1  C2)  (C1  C2)2  4C1C2
2
2C

C
C 2C (C1  C 2 )2  (6)2  4  8  4
Q Q
 C1 – C2 = 2 .....(v)
C+C=2C
76. (b) There are two capacitors parallel to each other. On solving (iii) and (v) C1 = 4, C2 = 2
2 0 A 82. (d)
 Total capacitance  3F
d 3F

1  2 0 A  2
Energy stored   V 3F 3F 3F 6F
2 d  A B A B
 3F
8.86 1012  50 104  122
  2.1 10 9 J
3  10 3
3F
V1C1  V2C2  CAB = 5F
77. (c) V 
C1  C2 83. (b) The given circuit can be redrawn as shown
500 20  200 10 below
  400V
20  10 2F 2F 1F

78. (b) C1

C3 1F 1F
A B
A B A B
 CAB = 2F
C2
84. (b) In series combination charge Q is same. So
charge on 2F capacitor is
 256 Electrostatics
 2 8  VA 3
Q  CeqV     300 10 6 their capacitance i.e. 
 2 8 VB 2
 4.8  104 C ......(i)

85. (b) In series V = nV = 10 V Also VA + VB = 10 .......(ii)

On solving (i) and (ii) VA = 6V, VB = 4V
86. (b) In steady state potential difference across
capacitor 6  1012
V2=potential difference across resistance
89. (d) C   C / n   2  1012 F
3
4F 4F 2F
 R2 
R2   V

90. (a)
 R1  R2  4F 4F
Hence V2 depends upon R2 and R1 
4F 4F 2F
R2
R1 B A B
A
C R3
V1  CAB = 8 F
V2
91. (d) In series combination of capacitor charge on
each capacitor is same Q1  Q2  Q  CeqV

+ –  10 20 
V C eqV     30
A  10  20
K1 0
C1  2  K1 0 A 200
87. (b)   30  200C
 d d 30
 
 2 A
K1 0
A C1  2  K1 0 A
K 2 0 92. (d)
2  K 2 0 A  
d d
C2  and  
 d d 2
 
 
 2  A
K 2 0  
K  A 2K 3 0 A  2   K 2 0 A and
C3  3 0  C2 
 d d  d d
   
 2  2
1 1 1 K 3 0 A K 3 0 A
  C3  
Ceq C1  C2 C3 2d 2d
1 1 C1C2
  Now, Ceq  C3 
0A 0 C1  C2
(K1  K 2)  2K 3
d d
K K1K 2   0 A
1 d  1 1    3  .

     2 K1  K 2  d
C eq  0 A  K 1  K 2 2K 3 
1 1 1 1
1 93. (c)     C eq  2F
 1 1  0A C eq 3 10 15
C eq     .
K
 1  K 2 2K 3 d Charge on each capacitor
1 Q = Ceq × V  2  100 200C
 1 1 
So K eq     A  A  A
K
 1  K 2 2K 3  0  K 0   0 
94. (a) 4  2  ,C   4 
88. (b) In series combination of capacitors, voltage C1    , C2  3
distributes on them, in the reverse ratio of
d d d
A/4 A/2 A/4

K
d
1 2 3
 Electrostatics 257

1 5 1 5 20  3  20
 K  1  0A     
Ceq  C1  C2  C3    C eq 6 8 6 24
 2  d
24
 4  1 C eq  F
   10  25F 43
 2 
102. (b) Given circuit is a balanced Whetstone bridge.
95. (b) 103. (b) In steady state charge on C1 is
C1C2 2 6  C1  Q
96. (b) Ceq   C3   4  5.5  F Q1   Q
C1  C2 2 6 
 C1  C2  3
Energy supplied
 C2  2
(E)  QV  CV 2
 22 10 6
J and charge on C2 is Q2   .Q  Q

P.E. stored
 C1  C2  3

1 1 1 1 1 1
(U)  CeqV 2   5.5  (2)2  11 10 6 J 104. (a)     C eq  1  F
2 2 C eq 2 3 6

 Energy lost  E  U  11 106 J Total charge Q = Ceq.V = 1 × 24 = 24 C

C1C2 24
U  (V1  V2)2 So p.d. across 6 F capacitor =  4 volt
97. (d) 6
2(C1  C2)
C1V1  C 2 V2 6  12  3  12
20 30 105. (b) V   4 volt
 (5  0)2  150J C1  C 2 3 6
2(20 30)
106. (c) Initial energy of the system
K A K 2 0 A
98. (d) C A  1 0 , CB  CB 1 1
d/2 d / 2 CA Ui  CV12  CV2 2
2 2
C1 2K1K 2
 Ceq   A K1 K2 When the capacitors are joined, common
C 2 K1  K 2 CV1  CV2 V1  V2
potential V  
 2K1K 2   0 A 2C 2
C AC B
    Final energy of the system
C A  CB  K1  K 2  d
d/ d/
2 2
2
  A 1 1  V  V2  1
 C  0  Uf  (2C)V 2  2C  1   C(V1  V2)2
d  2 2  2  4

99. (c) All capacitors are in parallel Decrease in energy =
1
So, Ceq  1F  1F  1F  3F Ui  U f  C(V1  V2)2
4
100. (d) C C 107. (d)
C1V1  C 2 V2 10 250 5  100
V   200volt
C C C  C/3 C1  C 2 10  5
A B A B 1 1 1 2
108. (b)    C eq  F
C eq 1 2 3
C 4C
 Ceq  C 109. (d) Potential difference across both the lines is
3 3 same i.e. 2 V. Hence charge flowing in line 2
4F
101. (b)

2F 3F 4F 3F 2F

A B


6/5 F 8 F 6/5 F
A B
 258 Electrostatics
2F 2F
Line (2)

1F
Line (1)

 CAB = 2+4 = 6F

2V 115. (a) Cmax  nC  3  3  9F ,
 2 C 3
Q     2  2 C So charge on each C min    1 F
 2 n 3
capacitor in line (2) is 2 C 116. (c) Common potential
C V  C2  0 C1
V  1  .V
C1  C2 C1  C2
110. (a) In series C  C / n i.e.
1 1 1 1 8
C  nC   2  3  6 F 117. (c)     C eq  F
C eq 1 2 8 13
C 12
In parallel C   nC i.e. C   6 F Total charge Q  C eqV 
8
 13  8C
n 2 13
111. (c) The given circuit can be simplified as follows Potential difference across 2 F capacitor
8
4F 4F 2F   4V
4F A 2
A
4F 2 3 6
4F
2F 2F  118. (d) Equivalent capacitance   F
4F
2 3 5
Total charge by Q  CV
B 4F B
4F 2F 6
Equivalent capacitance between A and B is CAB   1000 1200C
= 4 F 5
112. (c) The given circuit can be simplified as follows Potential (V) across 2F is
2C/3 Q 1200
C V   600volt
C C 2C
C 2
A B A B
C  Potential on internal plates
 1000 600  400V

C C 119. (c) Given circuit can be reduced as follows
3F 6F
Equivalent capacitance between A and B is +1200
VB=0
5 A VP B
C AB  C
3
113. (a) The given circuit can be simplified as follows In series combination charge on each
capacitor remain same. So using Q = CV
C/2
C B C1V1  C2V2
B C/2  
3 (1200 Vp )  6(VP  VB )
C
C C
C 
C/2  1200 Vp  2Vp (VB  0)

 3Vp = 1200  Vp = 400 volt

A A
C 120. (b) Given circuit can be reduced as follows
C/2
Equivalent capacitance between A and B is CAB 3C 3C
=2C
114. (b) The given circuit can be drawn as follows A B

(C = capacitance of each capacitor)

2F
4F 4F

A B
4F
 Electrostatics 259
The capacitor 3C, 3C shown in figure can with Hence potential difference across 1F capacitor
stand maximum 200 V.
6
 So maximum voltage that can be applied
  6V
1
across A and B equally shared. Hence
maximum voltage applied cross A and B be 126. (d) The capacitance across A and B C1
equally shared. Hence max. voltage applied
C1 5
across A and B will be (200 + 200) = 400 volt.   C1  C1  C1
121. (b) Equivalent capacity between A and B
2 2 C1 C1

6 4 As Q = CV, A B
  2.4 F
10 1F 6F 5 C1
1.5C  C1  6
4F 4F 6F 2
A B A B
5F 1.5
3F  C1   10 6
3F 15

 0.1 106 F  0.1F .
127. (c) After charging, total charge on the capacitor Q
10V 10 V = CV
= 10  10–6 F  1000 V = 10–2 C.
Hence charge across 4F (Since in series
combination charge remains constant) or 6 F
C1V1 102
Common potential V 
= 2.4  10 = 24 C C1  C2 16 10 6
122. (d) The given circuit is equivalent to parallel = 625V.
combination of two identical capacitors, each
0A
having capacitance C . Hence
d
2 0 A
Ceq  2C 
d
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
123. (b)      
Ceq C1 C2 C3 2 3 6
3 2 1 6
   1F
6 6
124. (d) Given circuit is balanced Whetstone bridge. So
capacitor of 2F can be dropped from the
circuit
2F
3F 6F

A B
A

4F 8F
8
F
3
8 14
 C AB  2   F
3 3
1 1 1 1
125. (d) Equivalent capacitance   
Ceq 1 2 3

6
 Ceq  F
11
Charge supplied from battery
6
Q  11  6C
11