Question 2. An epicyclic gear train is shown schematically in the adjacent Fig.

The sun gear2 on the input shaft is a 20 teeth external gear. The planet gear 3 is
a 40 teeth external gear. The ring gear 5 is a 100 teeth internal gear. The ring
gear 5 is fixed and the gear 2 is rotating at 60 rpn ccw (ccw=counter-clockwise
and cw =clockwise).
Then arm attached to the output shaft will rotate at
(A) 10 rpm ccw (B) 10 rpm cw (C) 12 rpm cw (D) 12 rpm ccw

Condition Arm Gear 2 Gear 3 Gear 4

1. Arm fixed-gear 2 rotates with 0 +1

2. Arm fixed gear 2 rotates with +x rotations 0 +x -x -x

3. Adding +y rotations y y+x y-x y-x

Solving (1) and (2), we get,

Question 3. For the epicyclic gear arrangement shown in the figure, =100
rad/s clockwise (cw) and =80 rad/s counter clockwise (ccw). The angular
velocity (in rad/s) is

1
(A) 0 (B) 70 cw (C) 140 ccw (D) 140 cw

Arm 2 3 4 5

1. Give +x rotation CW to
0 +x
gear 2
2. Give y rotation CW to arm y y y y y
Total y y+x

Speed of gear 5,
Question 5. Data for two crossed helical gears used for speed reduction:
Gear I: pitch circle diameter in the plane of rotation 80 mm and helix angle
30
Gear II: pitch circle diameter in the plane of rotation 120 mm and helix
angle 22.5
If the input speed is 1440 rpm. The output speed in rpm is
(A) 1200 (B) 900 (C) 875 (D) 720
Hint 5. (Ans B)
Gear 1 : Gear 2 :

; ;

2
Question 6. A compound gear train with gears P, Q, R and S has number of
teeth 20, 40, 15 and 20 respectively. Gear Q and R are mounted on the same
shaft as shown in the figure below. The diameter of the gear Q is twice that of
gear R. if the module of the gear R is 2 mm, the centre distance in mm between
gears P and S is

(A) 40
(B) 80
(C) 120
(D) 160
Hint 6. (Ans B)
Module of meshing gear pair are equal.

2. (A) 3. (C) 4.(D) 5. (B) 6.(B)

3
 Q. A compound gear train with gears P, Q, R and S has number of teeth 20, 40, 15 and 20,
respectively. Gears Q and R are mounted on the same shaft as shown in the figure below. The
diameter of the gear Q is twice that of the gear R. If the module of the gear R is 2 mm, the
center distance in mm between gears P and S is
Options: (A) 40 (B) 80 (C) 120 (D) 160
Soln :
An epicyclic gear train is shown in the figure below. The number of teeth on the gears A, B
and D are 20, 30 and 20, respectively. Gear C has 80 teeth on the inner surface and 100 teeth
on the outer surface. If the carrier arm AB is fixed and the sun gear A rotates at 300 rpm in
the clockwise direction, then the rpm of D in the clockwise direction is

 (A) 240 (b) – 240 (c) 375 (d) -375

A frictionless gear train is shown in the figure. The leftmost 12-teeth gear is given a torque of 100
N-m. The output torque from the 60-teeth gear on the right in N-m is

4
(a) 5 (b) 20 (c) 500 (d) 2000

In an epicyclic gear train, shown in the figure, the outer ring gear is fixed, while the sun gear
rotates counterclockwise at 100 rpm. Let the number of teeth on the sun, planet and outer gears
to be 50, 25, and 100, respectively. The ratio of magnitudes of angular velocity of the planet gear
to the angular velocity of the carrier arm is ____________.

Ans : 3 to 3

Question 1. The sun gear in the figure is driven clockwise at 100 rpm. The ring gear is held
stationary. For the number of teeth shown on the gears, the arm rotates at ---------- (RPM)

Ans: 0 20 33.33 66.67

Arm Sun Planet Ring

20 20 30
0 +1 – – x = – 0.25
30 30 80

0 x (-20/30)x - 0.25 X

+y x + y (-2/3)x + y - 0.25 X + Y

X + y = 100 - 0.25 x + y = 0 ;  y = 0.25 x  1.25 x = 100 x = 80

Y = 20  speed of arm = y = 20 rpm.

5
Q. A compound gear train with gears P, Q, R and S has number of teeth 20, 40, 15 and 20,
respectively. Gears Q and R are mounted on the same shaft as shown in the figure below.
The diameter of the gear Q is twice that of the gear R. If the module of the gear R is 2 mm,
the centre distance in mm between gears P and S is
d
Soln : mR = = 2 mm ;  dR = 2TR = 30 mm
T
d
ms = = 2 mm  ds = 2Ts = 40 mm dQ = 2 dR = 60 mm
T
d
mP = mQ = = m, say  dQ = mTQ = 40 m = 60 mm m = 1.5 mm
T
dp
= 1.5 dp = 30 mm dq = 60 mm
Tp

 C = 15 + 30 + 15 + 20 = 80 mm
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In a drive, a velocity ratio of 2.5 with a centre distance of 70 mm is desired.
(a) Determine the pitch diameter of the gears with 20o full depth involute teeth;
(b) Is there any interference in the system? If so, how will you avoid it? (c)
Determine the contact ratio, (d) Find the dedendum, addendum, root diameters
and the tip clearance, (e) If the centre distance is increased by 1.5%, what will
be the new pressure angle?
Soln :
• Given Data : i = 2.5; C = 70 mm; φ = 20o ;
It is an involute full depth tooth system ;
To be found: m = ?; T1 = ? ; d1 = ?; T2 = ?; d2 = ?;
Interference exists or not ?; CR = ?
We know that, C = (r1 +r2) = 0.5 m ( T1 + T2) = 0.5 m (T1 + i T1)
= 0.5 m (T1 + 2.5T1) = 0.5 m (3.5T1) = 70 mm
From the above, i.e., m x T1 = 40
Possible solutions for standard modules as can be seen from the table:
STANDARD MODULES IN mm:
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0
1.25 1.5 1.75 2.0 2.25 2.5 3.0

6
3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 18 20 22 24
26 28 30 33 36 39 42
45 50
Further increase is in terms of 5 mm
Solution I: • m = 2 mm, T1 = 20, T2 = i. T1 = 2.5 x 20 = 50
d1 = m .T1 = 2 x 20 = 40 mm • d2 =i d1 = 2.5 x 40 = 100 mm

Minimum number of teeth that can engage with the gear of 50 teeth without interference is given
by :
2 aw 50
T1 min = Here G = = 2.5 aw = 1
   1  1  
2 
20

  1  .  2  .sin     1
   G  G    
φ = 20o  T1 min = 15 and this is < (T1 = 20)

 Interference will NOT occur.

Contact ratio, CR:
∴ Path of Contact = KL = (KP + PL) = R A
2
- R 2 cos2   + rA
2
- r 2 cos2  

– (R + r) sin φ.
If aw = 1, addendum = 1 module = 2 mm
∴ Path of Contact = (22)2  (20)2 cos 2 20 + (52)2  (50)2 cos 2 20 –

(20+50)sin 200
= 9.798 mm
Pathof contact Pathof contact 9.798
Contact ratio = = = = 1.660
pc cos  m cos   2  cos 20

For full depth tooth, the various values calculated are as shown below:
Addendum: a = 1m = 1x2 = 2mm Dedendum: b = 1.25m = 1.25x2 =
2.5 mm Clearance: c = 0.25 m = 0.25x2 = 0.5 mm
Pinion root circle diameter: dr1 = d1- 2b = 40 – 2x2.5 = 35 mm
Pinion addendum diameter: da1 = d1+ 2a = 40 + 2x2 = 44 mm
Gear root circle diameter: dr2 = d2- 2b = 100 – 2x2.5 = 95 mm
Gear addendum diameter: da2 = d2+ 2a = 100 + 2x2 = 104 mm

7
The following particulars of a single reduction spur gear are given : Gear
ratio = 10 : 1; Distance between centres = 660 mm approximately; Pinion
transmits 500 kW at 1800 r.p.m.; Involute teeth of standard proportions
(addendum = m) with pressure angle of 22.5°; Find :
1. The nearest standard module if no interference is to occur;
2. The number of teeth on each wheel;
Solution : Given :
G = TG / TP = DG / DP = 10 ;
L = 660 mm ;
P = 500 kW = 500 × 103 W;
NP = 1800 r.p.m. ; φ = 22.5° ;
1. Nearest standard module if no interference is to occur
Let m = Required module,
TP = Number of teeth on the pinion,
TG = Number of teeth on the gear,
DP = Pitch circle diameter of the pinion, and
DG = Pitch circle diameter of the gear.
We know that minimum number of teeth on the pinion in order to avoid interference,

we already know that,

L = (DG / 2) + (Dp / 2) = 5.5 Dp
We also know that
∴ DP = m . TP m = DP / TP = 120 / 14 m = 8.6 mm
Since the nearest standard value of the module is 8 mm, therefore we shall take m = 8 mm
2. Number of teeth on each wheel
We know that number of teeth on the pinion, TP = DP / m = 120 / 8 = 15 Ans.
and number of teeth on the gear, TG = G × TP = 10 × 15 = 150 Ans.

8
 CAMS
1. Draw the Profile of a Cam to give the following motion to a
Reciprocating Flat – faced Follower :
 Follower to move outwards through a distance of 60 mm
during 1200 of Cam rotation.
 Follower to dwell for 600 of Cam rotation.
 Follower to return to its initial position during 1000 of Cam
rotation.
 Follower to dwell during the remaining 1200 of Cam
rotation.
The minimum radius of Cam is 70 mm, and the flat face of the
Follower is at right angles to its line of stroke. The outward stroke of
the Follower takes place with SHM, and the return stroke with uniform
acceleration and retardation in the ratio of 3 : 2. The Line of stroke of the
Follower passes through the axis of the Cam. Also determine the maximum
velocity and acceleration during the outward and return strokes, given the
rotational speed of the Cam is 900 rpm.

2. For a symmetrical tangent cam with a Roller Follower, the least radius
of the cam is 30 mm, and the roller radius is 15 mm. The angle for
outward movement is 1000 and the total lift is 25 mm. The cam shaft
runs at 1000 rpm. Determine (i) the principal dimensions of the cam, (ii)
the acceleration of the follower at the beginning of the lift, and where
the straight flank merges into the circular nose, and (iii) the acceleration
of the follower at the apex of the circular nose. Assuming that there is
no dwell between the outward and inward strokes of the follower.