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CONTENT :
Disaster Types
Natural Disaster / Major Disaster
Flood
Earthquake
Cyclone
Tsunami
Orientation of Building
Cyclone shelters
Warning system
Disaster Definition:
It can be defined as “A serious disruption in the
capacity
HAZARD:
• Damage to property or environment
Natural hazard – Earthquake, Tsunami, Cyclone, etc.,
Manmade hazard – Industries , Pollution , wars , etc.,
VULNERABILITY :
• Impact on the environmental due to hazard
Physical vulnerability– structures, infrastructures, etc.,
Socio- economic Vulnerability – Loss of life, economy
INSUFFICIENT CAPACITY :
• Lack of resources to recover from disaster.
Physical Capacity, Socio- economic capacity.
Types of Disaster:
1. Natural Disaster / Major Disaster
Flood
Earthquake
Cyclone
Tsunami
Volcanic Eruption
Accidents
Strikes
FLOOD:
Definition
Causes
Effects
Remedies
DEFINITION :
Flood is a state of high water level along a river
dumping waste
Clearing of forest
EFFECTS:
Loss of life and Property
Economic loss
FLOOD
ZONE
IN
INDIA:
REMEDIES:
Mapping the flood prone areas
Warning system issued by,
Central water commission
Irrigation and flood control department
water resources department
Land use control
construct the park, recreational areas in flood plain area
Construction of engineered structures
Construction of ground floor parking may reduce the loss
of life.
Decreasing the amount of runoff by,
Protection of vegetation
Clearing debris from streams and other water holding
areas
Conservation of ponds, lakes
vibration caused on
the earth surface
due to the sudden
release of energy
stored in the rocks
under the earth
crust.
CAUSES:
Plates movement
When the contact each
other stress arises e
plates in crust
The areas of stress at
plate boundaries which
release accumulated
energy by slipping or
rupture is called
“FAULTS”.
Sliding sideways relative to each other
called FOCUS
is termed as EPICENTER
The ground shaking is caused
by body waves and surface
waves
BODY WAVES (P and S waves):
Vibrate fast
Travel 6 km/hr = P waves
Travel 4 km/hr =S waves
SURFACE WAVES:
Vibrate the ground
horizontally or vertically
Sway of tall building
Earthquakes can be 3 types based on focal depth
Deep = 300 – 700 km
Medium = 60 – 600 km
Shallow = <60 km
MEASURING OF AN EARTHQUAKE:
Earth quake can be described in two different scales
1.Magnitude scale
2.Intensity scale
Magnitude scale
amount of energy released is
determined by seismograph
The scale developed by
charles richter.
3 Richter - smallest EQ felt
by people
> 7 Richter - vulnerable
INTENSITY SCALE
•Effects
•Wind zones in
India
•Remedies
DEFINITION:
Cyclone is a region of low atmospheric pressure
force, flooding.
Light pitched roof in industries will get damage
Public health:
shortage of food.
salt from sea water may get deposited in agricultural
Hazard mapping
Engineered structures
TSUNAMI
Definition
Causes
Effects
Remedies
DEFINITION:
A Tsunami is a large wave that are generated in a
activities.
Earthquake
Landslide
Volcanic eruption
EEFECTS:
Loss of life
Damage on the structures near by sea
Beaches get destroyed
Flood will occur and it affect the agricultural area
Open wells and ground water may be contaminated
by salt water and debris and sewage.
Wind may affect the electricity and communication
towers , telephone poles, telephone lines, etc.,
Transport lines will get damage
REMEDIES:
Site planning and land management
Engineering structures