Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Midterm Examination:
1. What type of research design occurs when researchers start with a presumed
cause and then go forward in time to the presumed effect?
A. Cohort
B. Counterfactual
C. Randomized controlled
D. Factorial
3. What type of sampling occurs in which referrals for potential participants are
made by those already in the sample?
A. Convenience
B. Snowball
C. Quota
D. Consecutive
4. Qualitative studies use an emergent design. When does the research design
evolve?
A. During the conduct of the literature review.
B. While the researcher develops a conceptual framework.
C. During the process of doing constant comparisons.
D. While the researcher is in the field collecting and analyzing data.
5. Many qualitative studies eventually evolve to selecting cases that will most
benefit the study. What type of sample is being used?
A. Convenience
B. Volunteer
C. Snowball
D. Purposive
9. There are several resources to support evidence-based practice. What are care
bundles?
A. Rigorous integrations of research evidence from multiple studies of a topic
B. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines that combine a synthesis and
appraisal of research evidence
C. Set of interventions to treat or prevent a cluster of symptoms
D. Meta-analysis or quantitative methods that integrate findings statistically
10. The nurse researcher is using a structured self-report instrument with open- and
closed-ended questions. What is an open-ended question?
A. Permits respondents to reply in narrative fashion
B. Offers response alternatives from which respondents must choose
C. Offers a range of alternatives
D. Requires a choice between two options
11. Qualitative researchers use the conceptual demands of the study to select
articulate and reflective informants with certain types of experience in an
emergent way. What is a typical qualitative sample?
A. Large, random
B. Small, random
C. Large, nonrandom
D. Small, nonrandom
13. What does the actual analysis of qualitative data usually begin with?
A. A search for major themes
B. Entering information into files
C. The use of quasi-statistics
D. Developing a system for organizing and indexing the data
17. A student nurse is trying to find out what a mixed methods synthesis is. What is
a mixed methods synthesis?
A. Integrate and synthesize both quantitative and qualitative evidence.
B. Integrate quantitative evidence.
C. Integrate and synthesize qualitative evidence.
D. Integrate qualitative evidence.
18. Which is a datum from a qualitative research study on the labor and delivery
experiences of women over age 40?
A. 14.6 hours in labor
B. 60-minute interviews 1 day after delivery
C. “It was a lot more painful than I ever imagined.”
D. 15 women with a vaginal delivery
19. What is the research tradition that focuses on understanding phenomena within a
cultural context?
A. Experimental
B. Phenomenological
C. Ethnographic
D. Grounded theory
20. What is the research design in qualitative studies called?
A. Experimental
B. Narrative
C. Interpretive
D. Emergent
21. Written literature reviews are undertaken for many different purposes. In a
qualitative research report, what section of the report would the thematic
analysis of the data be presented?
A. Introduction
B. Methods
C. Results
D. Discussion
22. Qualitative researchers discuss methods of enhancing the study's data by what
method?
A. Trustworthiness
B. Dependability
C. Confirmability
D. Credibility
28. Clinical practice guidelines distill a large body of evidence into a manageable
form. Which describes clinical practice guidelines?
A. Give general recommendations for evidence-based decision making.
B. Address all of the issues relevant to a clinical decision.
C. Guide clinical practice when there are a number of published articles.
D. Completed by researchers.
PART B: Read the article by Han and colleagues (“Interventions that increase use of Pap tests
among ethnic minority women: a meta-analysis”), then answer the following questions:
1. Does this article summarize multiple studies using a systematic approach? What is the type of
this study?
2. What is the stated purpose of this article?
3. List the databases that the researchers searched?
4. How many researchers were involved in the research? Why?
5. What were the keywords used? Were they related to the dependent variable and/or the
independent variable?
6. How many studies were initially identified? How many studies ultimately were included in the
review? Did the researchers provide justification for inclusion/exclusion of studies?
7. Did the researchers develop quality assessment scores for each study in the dataset? If yes,
how many study elements were appraised? How many people scored the studies for quality? Was
inter-rater agreement assessed?
8. What was the overall effect size (see table 3)? What does this mean?
9. Answer the following questions regarding information in Table 3:
a. Among the intervention types, which had the largest effect size? Which had the
smallest significant effect size?
b. In which type of setting were the interventions found to be most effective? In which
type of setting were the interventions found to be least effective?
c. For which ethnic group were intervention effects significantly positive?
10. What is the conclusion of this article? How does it impact the nursing practice?