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Commelinaceae

Aclisia E.Mey. = Pollia


Amischotolype Hassk.
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 23 October 2017

Photos

1. Amischotolype hispida (Less. & A.Rich.) Hong, Act. Phytotax. Sin. 12 (1974)
461; --Forrestia hispida Less. & A.Rich., Sert. Astrolab. (1834) 2; --Type: from
New Guinea. --Forrestia hispida var. philippinensis (Merr.) Merr., EPFP
1 (1922) 197; --Forrestia philippinensis Merr., Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35
(1905) 5; --Type: Merrill 4051 (PNH, holo; K, photo iso). S China, Taiwan,
Ryukyus, Indochina, Indonesia, New Guinea, Philippines. LUZON: Laguna,
Quezon, Camarines, Albay, Sorsogon, POLILLO, MINDORO, CATANDUANES,
PANAY, NEGROS, LEYTE, SAMAR, BASILAN, MINDANAO: Lanao, Bukidnon,
Agusan. Low and medium elevation forests, thickets and old clearings at the
vicinity of primary forests. Photos
2. Amischotolype marginata (Blume) Hassk., Flora 46 (1863) 392; --Campelia
marginata Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae (1827) 7; --Type: from Indonesia.
Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo,
Sulawesi, Philippines. MINDANAO: Lanao del Sur, PALAWAN: Puerto Princesa,
Brooke’s Point. Photos

Aneilema auctt., non R.Br. (no Philippine representative; = various genera)


Belosynapsis Hassk.

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 23 October 2017


Photos

1. Belosynapsis ciliata (Blume) R.S.Rao, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 25


(1964) 187; --Cyanotis ciliata (Blume) Bakh.f., Blumea 6 (1950) 399; --
Tradescantia ciliata Blume, Catalogus (1823) 61. --Cyanotis capitata (Blume)
C.B.Clarke in DC., Monog. Phan. 3 (1881) 243; --Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 198; --
Tradescantia capitata Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae 1 (1827) 6. India, S China,
Taiwan, Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea. Photos
2. Belosynapsis moluccana (Roxb.) C.E.C.Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew (1928)
406; --Cyanotis moluccana (Roxb.) Merr., PJS 2 c (1907) Bot. 266; Fl. Manila
(1912) 139; EPFP 1 (1922) 199; --Commelina moluccana Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1 (1820)
176. Java, Borneo, Moluccas, Philippines. LUZON: Mountain Province,
Pampanga, Bataan, Rizal, Laguna, Sorsogon, MINDORO, LEYTE, MINDANAO.
Low and medium elevation, on boulders in ravines, along small streams, etc.

Commelina L.
Edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 11 November 2016

Photos

1. Commelina benghalensis L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 41; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 138;
EPFP 1 (1922) 195. Tropical Africa and Asia to Japan and Malaya. Introduced in
the Americas. Throughout the Philippines. Lowland and medium elevation
grasslands, waste places in the settled areas. Often common. Photos
2. Commelina caroliniana Walter, Fl. Carol. (1788) 68. Himalaya to India.
Naturalized in the Philippines.
3. Commelina diffusa Burm.f., Fl. Ind. (1768) 18. Photos
o subsp. diffusa. --Commelina luzonensis Elmer, LPB 9 (1934) 3184; --
Type: Elmer 22174 (K, NY, US, iso), Luzon: Pampanga prov., Camp
Stotesnburg (Mt Pinatubo), thickets of moist ravines, 3500ft, 27-May-
1927. Pantropic. Throughout the Philippines. Low and medium
elevation grasslands, waste places, etc.
4. Commelina suffruticosa Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae 1 (1827) 3. Himalaya to W.
Malesia, Philippines. CULION (Merrill 531, US).
5. Commelina undulata R.Br., Prodr. (1810) 270; --Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 195.
Throughout SE Asia, Australia, Philippines. LUZON (Loher s.n., US).

Doubtful taxa:

1. Commelina chamissonis Klotz. ex C.B.Clarke in DC., Monog. Phan. 3 (1881)


186; --Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 195. “The type is a specimen from Luzon, collected
by Chamisso, probably from either Cavite or Batangas Province or possibly
from the vicinity of Manila. I have seen no specimens I can with certainty refer
to it, but some may have been distributed sub C. nudiflora L.” Merr. (1922:
195). Endemic to the Philippines.
Cyanotis D.Don

Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 23 October 2017


Photos

1. Cyanotis axillaris (L.) D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. (1825) 46; --Merr., Fl. Manila
(1912) 140; EPFP 1 (1922) 198; --Commelina axillaris L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 42. India
to China through Malaya to Australia. Throughout the Philippines in most
islands and provinces. Low to medium elevation in clearings, open places
along streams, rice paddies, etc. Photos
2. Cyanotis cristata (L.) D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. (1825) 46; --Roem. & Schult.,
Syst. 72 (1830) 1150; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 140; EPFP 1 (1922) 198; --
Commelina cristata L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 42. India to Mauritius to Malaya. LUZON
(most or all provinces), BASILAN. Old clearings, open places along streams,
about cliffs, etc. At low and medium elevation. Photos
3. Cyanotis pedunculata Merr., PJS c 10 (1915) 266. Endemic to the Philippines.
LEYTE.

Floscopa Lour.
Photos

1. Floscopa scandens Lour., Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 193; --Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 199.
India to China through Malaya to tropical Australia. N LUZON (Cagayan) to the
CALAMIANES and MINDANAO, in most or all islands and provinces. In wet
places along small streams at low and medium elevation. Photos

Forrestia A.Rich. non Raf. = Amischotolype


Murdannia Royle
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 23 October 2017

Photos

1. Murdannia edulis (Stokes) Faden, Taxon 29 (1980) 77; --Commelina edulis


Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 1 (1812) 184. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar,
Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, S China, Taiwan, Java, Kangean Isl, Timor,
Philippines, Papua New Guinea. LUZON: Pangasinan, Rizal. Lowlands, in
shaded places along streams.
2. Murdannia gigantea (Vahl) G.Brückn., Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 15a (1930) 173;
--Commelina gigantea Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2 (1805) 177. Tropical Africa and
Asia through Malesia to tropical Australia. SEMIRARA, MINDANAO: Bukidnon.
Low and medium elevation open grasslands.
3. Murdannia loriformis (Hassk.) R.S.Rao & Kammathy, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 3
(1962) 393; --Aneilema loriforme Hassk. in Miq., Pl. Jungh. (1852) 143. Tropical
and subtropical Asia, Philippines. Photos
4. Murdannia nudiflora (L.) Brenan, Kew Bull. 7 (1952) 189; --Commelina
nudiflora L., Sp. Pl. (1753) 41. India to China, Ryukyu Isls, Malaysia. Throughout
the Philippines. Low and medium elevation, in open grasslands, waste places,
etc. Common. Invasive species (CABI 2017).
5. Murdannia spectabilis (Kurz) Faden, Taxon 29 (1980) 74; --Aneilema spectabile
Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 40 (1871) 77. South China to
Indochina, Philippines. LUZON: Bulacan, SEMIRARA. Low elevation open wet
grasslands.
6. Murdannia spirata (L.) G.Brückn., Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 15a (1930) 173; --
Commelina spirata L., Mant. Pl. 2 (1771) 176.India to Indochina, China, and
Java.
o var. spirata. According to Merrill (1922), credited to the Philippines by
C.B. Clarke on the basis of a specimen collected by Baume (P) from
Luzon: Laguna de Bay. “This specimen may be A[neilema] malabaricum
(L.) Merr., or I may have included A. spiratum R.Br. in my conception of
A. malabaricum (L.) Merr.”.
7. Murdannia versicolor (Dalzell) G.Brückn., Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 15a (1930)
173; --Aneilema versicolor Dalzell, Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc.
3 (1851) 136. India to Philippines. LUZON: Rizal, CULION. Lowlands. Open wet
grasslands, fallow rice paddies, etc. Photos
8. Murdannia vaginata G.Brückn., Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2 15a (1930) 173.
Throughout Southeast Asia, Australia, Philippines.

o var. vaginata. NEGROS.

Pollia Thunb.
Edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 1 April 2014

Photos

1. Pollia macrophylla (R.Br.) Benth., Fl. Austral. 7 (1878) 90; --Aneilema


macrophyllum R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. (1810) 270. --Aclisia cumingiana
Hassk.. Commelin. Ind. (1870) 47. Australia, New Guinea, Sulawesi,
Philippines. LUZON: Batangas, Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Laguna, Nueva Vizcaya,
Pampanga, Quezon, Rizal, SAMAR, MINDANAO: Mt. Apo. Photos
2. Pollia secundiflora (Blume) Bakh.f. in Backer, Beknopte Fl. Java Afl. x a. Fam.
211 (1949) 10; --Type: from Indonesia. --Pollia sorzogonensis (E.Mey.) Steud.,
Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2. 2 (1841) 368; --Aclisia sorzogonensis E.Mey., Reliq.
Haenk. 1 (1827) 138. India, Sri Lanka, Sikkim, Bhutan, Vietnam, Laos,
Cambodia, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, S China, Taiwan, Ryukyus,
Philippines, Indonesia, Philippines. N LUZON (Cagayan) to PALAWAN and
MINDANAO. Low and medium elevation forests. Photos
3. Pollia thyrsiflora (Blume) Steud., Nomencl. ed. 2, 2 (1841) 368; --Merr., EPFP 1
(1922) 195; --Tradescantia thyrsiflora Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae 1 (1827) 6; --
Type: from Indonesia. --Pollia philippinensis Elmer, LPB 1 (1908) 275; --Type:
Elmer 9162, Luzon: Tayabas prov, Lucban, May-1907. Andaman Isls to Java and
Sulawesi. LUZON (Cagayan to Sorsogon), to PALAWAN and MINDANAO.
Lowland and medium elevation forests. Photos

Note by P.B. Pelser (1-Apr-14): the name Pollia sumatrana Hassk. has been
incorrectly applied to Philippine plants according to LaFrankie (pers. comm.
2014).
Rhoeo Hance = Tradescantia sect. Rhoeo (Hance) DR Hunt
Rhopalephora Hassk.
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 23 October 2017

Photos

1. Rhopalephora scaberrima (Blume) Faden, Phytologia 37 (1977) 480; --


Commelina scaberrima Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae 1 (1827) 4. Himalaya to W and
C Malesia, Philippines. LUZON: Rizal.
2. Rhopalephora vitiensis (Seem.) Faden, Biosyst. Study Gen. Aneilema
(Commelinaceae) 2 (1975) 395; --Aneilema vitiense Seem., Fl. Vit. (1865-73)
314; --Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 197. --Aneilema vitiense var. petiolata C.B.Clarke in
DC., Monog. Phan. 3 (1881) 220; --Merr., EPFP 1 (1922) 197. Philippines, Fiji,
Samoa. N LUZON (Cagayan) to PALAWAN and MINDANAO, in most islands and
provinces. Lowlands and medium elevation, ascending to 1400m, shaded
ravines along creek gullies. Photos
Setcreasea Schumann & Sydow = Tradescantia sect. Setcreasea (Schumann & Sydow) D.R.Hunt
Tradescantia L. [Not native]
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 5 July 2017

Photos

1. Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R.Hunt, Kew Bull. 30 (1975) 452; --Setcreasea


pallida Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 13 (1911) 294. --Setcreasea purpurea
Boom, Acta Bot. Neerl. 4 (1955) 167; --Type: from Mexico. Native of SE US,
Mexico and Central America. Widely grown as an ornamental in the tropics.
Not naturalized? Photos
2. Tradescantia spathacea Sw., Prodr. (1788) 57; --Rhoeo spathacea (Sw.) Stearn,
Baileya 5 (1957) 195. --Rhoeo discolor (L’Her.) Hance ex Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst.
3 (1853) 660; --Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 139; EPFP 1 (1922) 195; --Tradescantia
discolor L’Her., Sert. Angl. 8 (1789) t. 12. Indigenous to Central America, now
widely cultivated in the tropics, easily escaping and often becoming
naturalized. Photos
3. Tradescantia zebrina Heynh., Alp. Aufz. Gew. (1847) 735; --Type: not known,
based on material cultivated in Europe. Invasive species (CABI 2017). Photos
o var. zebrina. --Tradescantia pendula (Schnizl.) D.R.Hunt, Kew Bull. 36
(1981) 197; --Zebrina pendula Schnizl., Bot. Zeit. 7 (1849) 870; --Merr.,
Fl. Manila (1912) 140; EPFP 1 (1922) 199. Introduced from tropical
America and cultivated as an ornamental, now more or less established
in coconut groves, etc. at medium elevation. Wandering Jew.

Tricarpelema J.K.Morton
Last edited by Pieter B. Pelser, 22 May 2018

No Photos

1. Tricarpelema philippense (Panigrahi) Faden, Smithsonian Contrib. Bot. 76


(1991) 153; --Dictyospermum philippense Panigrahi, Phytologia 29 (1974) 338.
--Aneilema humile Merr., PJS 13 c (1918) Bot. 4; EPFP 1 (1922) 196, nom. illeg.,
auct. non Warb.; --Type: Merrill 10459. Borneo, Sumatra, Philippines. ALABAT.
Lowland forests on wet slopes.

Zebrina Schnizlein = Tradescantia sect. Zebrina (Schnizlein) DR Hunt


Literature
Backer, CA & RC Bakhuizen van den Brink. 1968. Flora of Java 3: 12-22.

Brennan, JPM. 1966. The classification of Commelinaceae. Botanical Journal of the


Linnean Society 59: 349-370.

CABI Invasive Species Compendium

Duistermaat, H. 2012. A taxonomic revision of Amischotolype (Commelinaceae) in


Asia. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 64: 51–131

Wang JC, Chen YJ & Peng CI. 2000. Commelinaceae. Flora of Taiwan 2nd. edition 5:
153-178.

Acknowledgements
Jonah van Beijnen and Ravan Schneider kindly contributed some of the photographs
for this web page.

Pelser, P.B., J.F. Barcelona & D.L. Nickrent (eds.). 2011 onwards. Co's Digital Flora
of the Philippines. www.philippineplants.org

Copyright © 2011, Co's Digital Flora of the Philippines

Last updated 22 May 2018

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