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Abstract—This paper presents a novel control strategy for magnet in the rotor of the PMSG makes it unnecessary to supply
the operation of a direct-drive permanent-magnet synchronous- magnetizing current through the stator for constant air-gap flux;
generator-based stand-alone variable-speed wind turbine. The the stator current need only to be torque producing. Hence, for
control strategy for the generator-side converter with maximum
power extraction is presented. The stand-alone control is featured the same output, the PMSG will operate at a higher power factor
with output voltage and frequency controller that is capable of because of the absence of the magnetizing current and will be
handling variable load. The potential excess of power is dissi- more efficient than other machines.
pated in the dump-load resistor with the chopper control, and the To extract maximum power from the fluctuating wind,
dc-link voltage is maintained. Dynamic representation of dc bus variable-speed operation of the wind-turbine generator is nec-
and small-signal analysis are presented. Simulation results show
that the controllers can extract maximum power and regulate essary. This requires a sophisticated control strategy for the
the voltage and frequency under varying wind and load condi- generator. Optimum power/torque tracking is a popular control
tions. The controller shows very good dynamic and steady-state strategy, as it helps to achieve optimum wind-energy utilization
performance. [4]–[8]. Some of these control strategies use wind velocity to
Index Terms—Maximum power extraction, permanent- obtain the desired shaft speed to vary the generator speed.
magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), switch-mode rectifier, However, anemometer-based control strategy increases cost and
variable-speed wind turbine, voltage and frequency control. reduces the reliability of the overall system. These control
strategies are not suitable or too expensive for a small-scale
I. I NTRODUCTION wind turbine. In [7], the current vector of an interior-type
PMSG is controlled to optimize the wind-turbine operation at
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HAQUE et al.: NOVEL CONTROL STRATEGY FOR A VARIABLE-SPEED WIND TURBINE WITH A PMSG 333
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334 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, VOL. 46, NO. 1, JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2010
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HAQUE et al.: NOVEL CONTROL STRATEGY FOR A VARIABLE-SPEED WIND TURBINE WITH A PMSG 335
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336 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, VOL. 46, NO. 1, JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2010
TABLE I
PARAMETERS OF T URBINE -G ENERATOR S YSTEM
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HAQUE et al.: NOVEL CONTROL STRATEGY FOR A VARIABLE-SPEED WIND TURBINE WITH A PMSG 337
Fig. 11. Turbine mechanical input power and electrical output power.
Fig. 13. DC-link voltage, rms load voltage, rms line current, frequency, and
modulation index at a constant load (full load). (a) DC-link voltage. (b) RMS
load voltage (L–L). (c) RMS load current. (d) Frequency. (e) Modulation index.
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338 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, VOL. 46, NO. 1, JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2010
Fig. 15. Response of dc-link voltage, rms load voltage, rms line current,
frequency, and modulation index when the load changes from 100% to 50%
and from 50% to 100%. (a) DC-link voltage. (b) RMS load voltage (L–L).
(c) RMS load current. (d) Frequency. (e) Modulation index.
demonstrate that the controller works very well and shows very
good dynamic and steady-state performance.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Fig. 14. Instantaneous and rms voltage and current responses when the load The authors would like to thank the Hydro Tasmania person-
changes from 100% to 50% and from 50% to 100%. (a) Instantaneous load
voltages. (b) RMS line voltage. (c) Instantaneous line currents. (d) RMS line nel for their support and cooperation in providing information
current. and advice on the operation of a remote-area power-supply
system.
IX. C ONCLUSION
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