\

Prince, John Qyneley

Assyrian primer.
 PRINCIPAL
W. R. TAYLOR
COLLECTION
1951
 ASSYRIAN PRIMER
AN

INDUCTIVE METHOD
3F LEARNING THE CUNEIFORM CHARACTERS

BY

J. DYNELEY PRINCE, PaD.

PBOFESSOB OF SEMITIC LANGUAGES IN COLUMBIA UNIVEBSITY

THE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS

1909

All rights reserved

 ASSYRIAN PRIMER
AN

INDUCTIVE METHOD
OF LEARNING THE CUNEIFORM CHARACTERS

BY

J.
DYNELEY PRINCE, PH.D.
PROFESSOR OF SEMITIC LANGUAGES IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

522293
It - S- -s

THE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS

1909

All rights reserved

PRINTED BY G. KREYSING, LEIPZIG, GERMANY
 Foreword
The need of a series of progressive lessons for beginners in Cuneiform
has long been felt in the Columbia University Semitic Department. The

object of the present work is to lighten the labours of the English

speaking Assyrian student, who has hitherto been compelled to learn, by
sheer force of memory, the ninety-eight simple signs before he could

proceed to read the most ordinary text. In the following lessons an

attempt has been made to grade the acquisition of the signs and the
learning of the main features of the grammar, so that the student may
proceed, inductively and with comparative facility, to master simultaneously
both the intricacies of the characters and the most salient facts of Assyrian

grammatical structure.
My especial thanks are due to my friend Dr. Robert J. Lau of
Columbia University for the great care and skill with which he has

autographed the sign-lists and exercises.

J. Dyneley Prince.
Columbia University, New York.
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 Assyrian-English Glossary.
Note thatin the following word-list, Arabic numerals standing alone refer
to the pages of the preceding lessons and that small Roman numerals followed
by Arabic numerals refer to the text of the last three lessons, the Arabic
numerals indicating the numbered lines. Thus, 48 would mean page 48, but
XV, 10 indicates the tenth line of the fifteenth lesson.
Note also that verbs final N 2 are indicated throughout by final JT.

N
$du 'one', 11; Mis 'alone', 39, 41.
dlu 'city', pi. aldni, 15.
abu 'father', pi. abuti, 8; abisu 'his father', (gen.), XIII, 14.
abdbu 'shine, be pure', 35; prec. libbib 'mny he shine'; adj.
ebbu 'shining, pure'.
s abiktu 'defeat'; ideogr. SI Si, 41.
abkallum 'leader, governor', 33.
abnu 'stone', 43.
eb&ru 'cross over', 49; pret. Gbw, XV, 6.
K agdgu
'
'be angry'; pret. egugma, XIV, 6. Noun: uggatu
'anger', 23.
N agammu 'marsh', 49 pi. agamme, XV, 6.
;

4 adi prep, 'unto, as far as, together with', 38.

addru 'fear', 39; pret. adur, XII, 11.
ZJTK S essu 'new', 23.
:iTtt 4 ez&bu 'leave, abandon', 39, 41.
7TN 4 ezzu 'strong, powerful', 22.
-UN 4 luzzurma, XV, 10; ezru
ez'eru 'curse'; prec. pret. 1 p. 'a curse',

XV, 10.
nN ahu 'brother', 15 ahatu 'sister', 15.
;

TFIN ahdzu 'seize, grasp', 47; III, 1 usahhaz, XIII, 16.

eteru 'spare, save', 41.
nu 'eye', 11.
dru 'reach, attain', 23, 39.
aku 'cripple, feeble', 37.
akdlu 'eat'; pret. ekulma, XV, 11.
ekallu 'temple, palace', 42. Not a Semitic word, but from
Sumerian e-gal 'big house'.
52

bN ilu 'god', pi. ildni, 11, 37.

bN ul 'not'; usual negative = Heb. sb.
bN* ultu prep, 'from', 11.
nbN 4 e/w 'go up, ascend', 48; pret. eli, XIV, 5. Adj. elinu, fern.
elimtii 'upper', 38. Prep, eli 'against, over', 11.
^bN 2 aldku 'go', 37, 48; pret. 1 p. allik, XIV, 13; 3 p. illik, 19.
bbs aldVu 'shine, be bright', 35; adj. ellu< fern, ellitu 'bright, pure',
23, 34.
bbN aldlu 'hang' (trans.); pret. 1 p. alul, XIII, 15.
2N ummu 'mother', 15.
DN 3 emu 'father-in-law'; emetu 'mother-in-law', 15.
bttN amelu 'man'; pi. ameluti, 11.
TON ummandti 'troops', 41; XIII, 16.
ptoN emuqu 'power', 44.
-TON amdru 'see'; pret. 1 p. awmr, XII, 9.

^ttN tamirtu 'circumference'; ma tamirti 'around', 41.

"TON 3 im&ru 'ass', 15.
]N ana prep, 'unto': ina 'in, by', 11.
annt2 'this'; fern, annitu, 19; pi. annutu (ft"), anndtt] 20.
unutu 'furniture, implements', 43 ; XII, 10.
andku pron. 1 p. T, 8.
andku 'lead' (metal), 34.
J2N aninu 'we'; also: anini, ndnu, nini, 8.
ensw 'weak', 22.
waft* 'help, assistance', 37.
isinnu 'feast', 50; isinni, XV, 11.
aplu 'son', 23.
0N apsu 'abyss, ocean', 33.
epdsu 'do, make'. 37 ; adj. itpisu 'active, capable'.
apdru: appardti pi. of apparu 'marsh', 45; XV, 6.

epru 'dust', 46.

irtu 'breast, front', 34.
Urbi; name of a tribe, 23.
irba, 'four', 37.
eris 'like an eagle', XII, 3 from erti.
'eagle', 34.
urhu 'road', 19; XII, 11; XV, 2.
aramme, pi. 'siege instuments', 48; XIV, 12.
irsitu 'earth', 11.
ardru 'curse'; arratu 'a curse', 23.
istu prep, 'from', 11.
isatu 'fire', 34.
asdru 'care for, pay attention to'; pret. asur, XII, 10.
13N asru 23, 39.
'place',
n^'CN asdridu 'leader', 38.
;Z:;Z;N ussu 'foundation', 11; XV, 8.
n^N assatu 'wife, woman', 11, 23.
jniz;N 4 isten 'one', XII, 8.
ns itti 'with', 11.
atta 'thou', fern, atti, 8 ;
attunu 'ye', 8.
itlum 'hero'; sometimes written idlum, 37.
 53

bdbu l

gate', 23, 49 ; XV, 4.

N 4 n belum 'lord', 23, 44; XII, 12; b&lxt, constr. of Mltu 'lady',
50; XV, 7.

113 burtu 'well', 49; XV, 6.

3-P3 &w 'house', 11, 34, 43. Bitdurani 'fortifications', 44.
bamdte(ti) 'high-places, heights', 15.
banu 'build, beget' ;
noun : nabnitu 'offspring', XIV, 3.

bardqu 'lighten', 38.

basu 'be, exist', 11; ?mt 'property', 43.

'all', XIV, 7.

gitmalum 'perfect', 38.

gimru 'entirety', constr. gimir, 19 XII, ; 5.

gardru 'run'; OWTU 'campaign', 40.

1

'mighty ,
22.

dagdlu 'look'; pret. adgul, XII, 8; zWgw/, 19.

dadmu 'dwelling'; pi. dadme, 23.
(?a^w 'slay, kill' ; pret. aduk, XIII, 1 6 ;
maddktu 'fortification*.
dimdti 'posts, stakes', XII, 15; pi. of dimtu.
damdqu 'be favourable to', 34 ; adj. damqu 'favourable,
gracious*, 37.
dandnu 'be powerful'; adj. dannu 'powerful', 15,37; fern.

dannatu, 15. Noun: dunnu 'power, strength', XV, 8.

duppu 'clay tablet', XIV, 11.

w 'and', 11.
abdlu nouns: muttabilutu I, 2 partc. 'portable
'carry, bring';
things'; fo'/fo 'tribute', 49; XV, 5.
asu 'go out'; noun: situ 'rising of the sun', 39.
aru 'bring' ; urassu. XIV, 4 urd -\- su. =
arku 'after', XII, 8.
asdbu 'dwell' 38; noun: subtu 'dwelling', XIV, 2; with suffix

subatsun, XIII, 14.

-OT zikaru 'hero, male', 11.

fOT zamdnu 'enemy', 38.

qpT zaqdpu 'set XIV, 13.
up'; azqup,
npt zaqdtu 'be sharp'
2a^^, pi. zaqtuti ; 'sharp', XIV, 7. Noun :

zuqtu 'sharp peak', XIV, 5.

: constr. zer 'seed', XIII, 14.
54

n
mn kadis 'joyfully', 43.
Tin tahazu 'battle', 39, 42; XII, 10. Mahazu 'city', XII, 2.

EBn XV, 1.
hattu 'sceptre',
bn hullanu 'garment', XV, 9.

yin hurdsu 'gold', 34,

43.
nnn fahtti 'defeat': tahtdsunu, XIV, 8.

'counsel, wisdom, taste', XV, 1.

,
fern, /ate 'good', 15.
fwdw 'road', 19.
#w 'clay, mud r

,
23.
titallu 'torch' ; titallis, 'like a torch', XIV, 3.

idti 'me', 13.

idu 'hand', 23; idd-ia 'my hends', (dual), XII, 13.
aqartu, fern, 'precious', 43.
misaru 'righteousness', 37.

1
-|
kdsa 'thee'; A:a^', 13; kdsunu 'you', 13.
D2D kabdsu 'tread', III, 1, partc. constr. sukbus ;
'hostile advance',

XIV, 12.
kibrdti 'regions', 37.
kabittu 'heart, liver', XIV, 6.
A:a^re 'gifts, 47; XIII, 16.
tribute',
is &a/w 'all', 38; kdlisunu 'all of them', XIV, 4.

pD A^ww 'establish', 49 ; pret. ukm, XV, 5. Noun : kittu

'righteousness', 37.
^D Uma 'like, like to', 11.

p kakku 'weapon', 38.

kalbanndti 'axes', 48; XIV, 12.
kandsu 'bow down', 39.
'silver', 43.
?w 'cold', XII, 11.
DID /^armw 'ploughed field', XV, 3.
D kurunnu 'wine', XV, 11.
kirdsu 'camp'; with suffix kirassu, 41.
D kasddu 'conquer'; pret. 1 p. aksud, 19, XIV, 9, 12, 44;
ik&udd, 3 pi. fern., 42.
CD kisSdti 'hosts', 37.
 55

b U 'not', 11.
2N 4 b partc. Zo, z* 'swallow up, devour', 38.
ab IMu 'heart'; &W, XIV, 6.

iab Zamt 'old, ancient', 23.

iznb Zoasw 'be clothed II, 1 ulabUs, XV, 9.
;

ib Z$ 'verily', 11. Strengthening and precative particle.

iLib lisdnu 'tongue, language', 15.
-ibb lallarum 'honey', XV, 11.
Wab Zoww 'surround'; pret. 1 p. aZrae, XVI, 12. Noun: li

'boundary, border', 44.

pab ftmni* 'evil', 34; XV, 10.
N3 pb Zz0? 'take'; pret. alqd, XII, 3.

mdru 'son', 33.

mimma 'whatever, something', 34, 43.
mdfti 'land', 15. Probably not a Semitic word, but from
Sumerian mada.
magdru 'favour', 38; im'gru, constr. migir 'favourite', 37.
ma#w 'die' I, 2. zm^M#, XV, 2.
;

mahdsu 'smash, smite'; pret. with suffix: amhassu 'I smote

him'. Noun: mundaksu 'warrior', for mumtahisu.
mahru 'first', 40; tamhdru 'battle', 41.
namkuru 'property', 43.
maZw 'be full'; mala 'as many as', 11.
inalaku 'rule, counsel' mdliku, pi. malke, malkdni 'prince'
; ;

malkatu, pi. malkdti 'princess', 1 5 ;

milku 'counsel, advice'
XV, 1.

p3 mannu 'who?'; mind 'what?', 20.

n:% manu 'count, reckon'; pret. amnu, 43.
p^ maqdtu 'fall'; pret. amqut, 49.
ttjtt ww5M
'night', 34.
Jtt masdru 'leave, abandon; II, 1, umassir 'he left', XIV, 2.

^tf 'limbs', 34 (?).

2 nabu 'speak, utter', 34; nibu 'number', 45.

5 nabdlu 'destroy' ; pret. abul, XII, 4.
sD nigissu 'gorge', 39.
nadu 'set, place, lay' pret. addi, XV, 8. ;

pa naddnu 'give'; pret. e^m, 15; pres. 3 pi mamdmu-ma, XIV, 2.

Noun: mandatu 'tribute, gift', XV, 5.

-n: nuru 'light', 34.
TT3 nazdzu 'stand'; pret. 3 p. fern, tazziz-ma, XII, 13 ;
1 p. 02202, 19.
nidti 'us', 13.
-1^3 wlrw 'yoke', XII, 9.
1">a werw 'a ner' 600. =
56

OD2 mksu 'breach in a wall', XIV, 12.

-02 ndkdru 'change, hostile'; II, 1, unakkir, XIII, 16; XV, 12.
Noun: ndkiru 'enemy', XIV, 7; XV, 10.
~tt3 namdru 'shine', 35.
no: nasahu 'tear away' ; pret. assuh, XIV, 3.

D: napistu 'life', 41.

nasdru 'keep', 37. Noun: nisirtu 'treasure', 43.
D
naqdru 'tear down, destroy'; pret. 1 p. agwr, XII, 4.
S wa&2 'lift up'; pret. 1 p. assi, XV, 7; III, 1, MSOS^ with fern.

suffix, XIV, 5 ; partc. nds, XV, 1.

II, 1. unassiq, XIV, 10.

nasdqu 'kiss';

po sudmnu 'a sort of bird', 39.

t]no sahdpu 'overthrow' pret. ishup^ XIV, 9.

;

ino sahdru 'surround', 37; ina sihirti: prep, 'around', XIII, 5.

0^0 steu 'horse, 42 ; XII, 9.
12.
rpo sakdpu 'overthrow'; pret. askup, 19; iskap, XII,
pO samnu, ordinal: 'eighth', 11.
]DO sapdnu 'sweep away, overthrow'; aspun, XII, 5.
^DO sippu 'threshold', 49 XV, 4. ;

"1EO supuru 'enclosure', 22.

no sittu, pi. sittuti 'rest, remainder', 23.

^Dpagru 'corpse'; pagris 'like a corpse', XIII. 15.

IDpu, gen. pi 'mouth', 22.
ID pdtu 'limit', XII, 5 pat gimri 'entirety'.:

patdru 'split'; Noun: patru 'dagger', 23.

nbs paldliu 'fear'; ^wfc, XIV, 9; puluhtu 'fear', XII, 12.
ttbD pilsu, v\.ptl3t(e) 'hole, mine', 48; XIV, 12.
IpD piqittu 'order, muster', XII, 9.
"ID paru 'mule', 42.
parakku 'royal chamber, shrine', 38.

par dm 'flee', 39; IV, 1, pret. ipparis XIV, 2.

parMdu 'flee', Quadriliteral from

41. iz

N 3 nD />zVw 'open'; pret. apte-ma, 43.

'warrior', 41.
sumbu 'cart' ; pi. sumbe, 42.
sabdtu 'seize'; pret. 1 p. asbat, XIII, 11.
.s-z^rw 'little, small', 22, 44.
5?rw, constr. ^r 'against', XV, 5.
salmu 'image'; constr. salam, 19; XIV, 12; XV, 9,
 57

salmu 'black'; fern. pi. constr. salmdt: salmdt qaqqadi 'the

black headed ones', i. e., the Babylonians, 39.
simittu 'span, team', XII, 9.
susu 'marsh', 19.
ma: sardhu 'cry out'; I, 2. issarih, XII, 6; XIV, 6.

sarpu 'refined silver', 34.

P
'hand', 19; dual qatd, 42.
bap 2 a ^ w 'midst; combat', 41.
izrp 2fc 'gift', 23.
^iSp 2 V rM
2
'strength, power'; constr. qisir, XV, 8.

npp qaqqadu 'head', 39.

~ipp qaqqdru 'territory, ground', XV, 8.
mp qirbu midst', 35 constr. qirib, 42 ;
; qitrubu 'battle, attack', 42.
Tip qarradu 33; qurddu 'warrior', 15.
'warrior',
qastu 'bow'; qasdtsunu 'their bows', XII, 13. PI. is qasdti.

r&um 'shepherd', 37.

rdmu 'love', 37.
rdsu 'head', 15, 23.
m-i rabu usarbd, 38.
'be big, large'; III, 1. Adj. rabu, fern.
rabitu, pi. rabuh] rabdti 'big, large', 22, 37.
rakdbu 'ride, mount'; noun: narkabtUj constr. narkabat;
pi. narkabdti, XIV, 5.

rasu 'help, aid'; pi. partc. rtsd 'allies', 41.

rasu 'possess'; used particularly of mental qualities; partc.
seen in rds tdmi 'possessor of counsel, understanding', XV, 1.

sa: rel. pron. 'who'; prep, 'of, 11, 19.

sctdlu 'ask'; pret. 1 p. asdl, XV, 7.

3 sdru 'morning', 15.
; sabdru 'break'; pret. 3 p. fern, tasbir, XII, 13.
idu 'mountain', 23.
, su 'he; that one', 8. Si 'she', 8. Sunn, sina 'they' (masc.
and fern.). Sdsu, fern, sdsi] 8, 13; suatUj fern, siati, pi.
suatunu, fem. siatina, 19; also satunu, masc. pi. demon-
strative pronoun = 'that one, those ones'.
; satdru 'write'; III, 1. usastir-ma, XIV, 11.
'set, fix, establish' ; simtu 'fate, destiny', 34 ; XV, 2.

'foot', 48 ; sdpi-ia 'my feet', XIV, 5.

; sakdnu 'set, establish', 34; pret. askun, XIV, 8; I, 1.

aslakan, 41.
'snow', XII, 11.
58

bbu; saldlu 'take as booty' ; pret. aslula, 44. Noun : sallatu 'booty' ;

sallatis 'as booty', 43; satlasunu sallat-sunu 'their

booty', 44.
saldmu 'set' (of the sun), 38. Noun : sulmu 'peace, greeting',
19, 50; XV, 7.
sumu 'name', 34, 43; pi. sume, XIV, 11 ;
constr. sing, sum,
XIII, 16.
samu 'heaven'; pi. same, 35.
n2tf sind 'two', XII, 8.
)3tt5
sandnu 'rival, vie with', 38.
bed sop/M, fern, saptitu 'low', 39.
i)t?5W 'might, power', 39.

)orM 'message'; constr. sipir, 19.

j sarru, pi. sarrdni 'king', 15; sarrutu 'kingdom, royalty', 38.
sardpu 'burn'; pret. 1 p. asrup, XII, 4.
sardqu 'give'; pret. 1 p. asruq, XIII, 16.
*a^w 'high', 23.
sattu 'year', 49 sattisam 'annually', XV,
;
5.

K 2 n tdmtu(m) 'sea', 38, 39 ; gen. tdmtim, XIV, 2.

-nr, tdru 'turn, return', 34; III, 1. wtfr, XV, 3.

*]3n tikkdti 'ropes', XIV, 5.

b^n tukultu, constr. tuklat 'trust, confidence', XIV, 9.
bn tilu 'hill, mound', XV, 3.
Dbn taldmu 'give, present', 38.

r]n to/?/>w 'companion', tapputu 'companionship', 37. This

34;
is probably from Sumerian tab 'two' and is consequently
non-Semitic.
 CORRIGENDA TO THE LESSONS

Page 33. In Lesson X, line 2, the EA-sign should have an extra

perpendicular wedge.
35. " "
Page Vocabulary, line 10, for good," read god."
Page 45. In Lesson XIII, line 13, the sign BIE should be num-
bered 100 and not 102.

Page 48. Vocabulary, line 13, read ^nr for ^DD.

Page 49. Vocabulary, line 3, read "nn for

CORRIGENDA AND ADDENDA TO THE GLOSSARY, pp. 51-58

In the Glossary, all roots referred from the Vocabulary of Lesson

XIII, lines 2-13, inch, should have the reference XIII, instead of XII.

Add arhu month/ XIII, 11 urruliis

'
;
'
quickly/ XV, 2.

Add eklitu darkness/ X, 4.

'

Add eril bronze/ X, 6.

*

'

Add Mltitu dominion/ XV, 7.

k

Add participle muballU fusing/ X, 6. '

Eead XIII, 6 XIV, 6. ;

Eead 19, 44 XIV, 9, 12. ;

Add labbis <

like a lion/ XIII, 6.

For XVI, 12, read XIV, 12.

Add melammu i
splendor/ XIV, 9.
'
A.dd.'mulmullu javelin/ XIV, 7.

Add imqut, XV, 4.

"nj Add annadirma '

I raged/ IV, 1 ; XIII, 6.

ino For XIII, 5, read XIII, 15.

1J2 Omit pagris '
like a corpse/ XIII, 15.

n3* For XIII, 11, read XIII, 14.

DSv For XIV, 12, read XIV, 13.

pty Add pret. askun, XIV, 1, 8 Ifteal astakan, ;

41.

Add Ifteal istappartinimma they sent me/ '

XIII, 7.

Add takiltu oracle/ XIII, 7.

'
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