FM RADIO RECIEVER

DESIGN
Complex Engineering Problem

SUBMITTED BY: TAIMOOR KHAN

M.HUSNAT KHALID
BSEE 2015-19
Table of Contents
1.1. FM Broadcast: ..................................................................................................2
1.2. Frequency modulation: .....................................................................................3
1.3. Complex Engineering Problem: .......................................................................4
1.4. References: .......................................................................................................7

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 1. Objectives:
At the end of the project:

i. Students being able to design an individual circuit or device that make up of FM

modulation/ demodulation systems and understand the function of each subsystem
ii. Students being able to construct and test their designed FM Radio.
iii. Students become familiar with the use of design and simulation tools in design
process.

1.1. FM Broadcast:

FM radio broadcast is one of the main types of radio broadcasting. FM usually denotes frequency
modulation. This frequency modulation usually takes place on VHF airwaves in a frequency range
of 88 to 108 around the world. This following article shares precise information on FM
radiobroadcast. So, find out everything about FM radio broadcast whether its advantages or
disadvantages right here.

Figure 1: Schematic representation of FM Broadcasting

Sources have revealed that FM radio broadcasting is very popular especially in developed areas
including Europe and United States because higher sound fidelity as well as stereo broadcasting
certainly became quite familiar in this format. During 1930s, Edwin H Armstrong invented FM
radio. He invented it to overcome the interference problem associated with AM radio broadcasting
to which is relatively immune. Going further with the details on FM radio broadcast, we come up
with the point that for accommodating an audio signal in FM radio, it does not require a bandwidth
of 200 kHz. What is all required is 20 kHz to 30 kHz for a narrowband FM radio broadcast or FM
signal. The 200 kHz bandwidth enabled space for ±75 kHz signal deviation from the appointed
frequency.

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 1.2. Frequency modulation:

Frequency modulation (FM) is the standard technique for high-fidelity communications

as is evident in the received signals of the FM band (88-108 MHz) vs. the AM band (450-1650
KHz). The main reason for the improved fidelity is that FM detectors, when properly designed,
are not sensitive to random amplitude variations, which are the dominant part of electrical noise
(heard as static on the AM radio).

Figure 2: Schematic representation of FM Modulation.

In narrowband FM, commonly used in two-way wireless communications, the instantaneous

carrier frequency varies by up to 5 kilohertz (kHz, where 1 kHz = 1000 hertz or alternating cycles
per second) above and below the frequency of the carrier with no modulation.

In wideband FM, used in wireless broadcasting, the instantaneous frequency varies by up to

several megahertz (MHz, where 1 MHz = 1,000,000 Hz). When the instantaneous input wave has
positive polarity, the carrier frequency shifts in one direction; when the instantaneous input wave
has negative polarity, the carrier frequency shifts in the opposite direction. At every instant in time,
the extent of carrier-frequency shift (the deviation) is directly proportional to the extent to which
the signal amplitude is positive or negative.

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 1.3. Complex Engineering Problem:

As part of engineering curriculum, Complex Engineering Problem (CEP) was assigned to us by

our communication systems course instructor. We selected FM radio because it was easy to
implement in limited time as well as the components were easily available in market at low rates.
We have described our project briefly:

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 3: Circuit diagram for our FM radio

Components:
 Arduino UNO
 FM Radio Module (RDA-5807m)
 Audio Amplifier
 Audio Jack
 Connecting wires
 Breadboard
 Male connectors

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Working:
The Arduino UNO supplies power to all the components and control their operation through the
programmed code. The radio module intercepts the selected FM radio channel and sends the
signal to audio amplifier. Audio amplifier amplifies the signal and sends it to audio jack, from
where; the broadcasted channel can be heard.

Programming Code of Arduino UNO:

The code is obtained from open source Arduino library with some alterations as per our
requirements:

#include <Arduino.h>

#include <Wire.h>

#include <radio.h>

#include <RDA5807M.h>

// ----- Fixed settings here. -----

#define FIX_BAND RADIO_BAND_FM ///< The band that will be tuned by this sketch is FM.

#define FIX_STATION 10100 ///< The station that will be tuned by this sketch is 101 MHz.

#define FIX_VOLUME 6 ///< The volume that will be set by this sketch is level 4.

RDA5807M radio; // Create an instance of Class for RDA5807M Chip

/// Setup a FM only radio configuration

/// with some debugging on the Serial port

void setup() {

// open the Serial port

Serial.begin(57600);

Serial.println("Radio...");

delay(200);

// Initialize the Radio

radio.init();

// Enable information to the Serial port

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 radio.debugEnable();

// Set all radio setting to the fixed values.

radio.setBandFrequency(FIX_BAND, FIX_STATION);

radio.setVolume(FIX_VOLUME);

radio.setMono(false);

radio.setMute(false);

} // setup

/// show the current chip data every 3 seconds.

void loop() {

char s[12];

radio.formatFrequency(s, sizeof(s));

Serial.print("Station:");

Serial.println(s);

Serial.print("Radio:");

radio.debugRadioInfo();

Serial.print("Audio:");

radio.debugAudioInfo();

delay(3000);

} // loop

// End.

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1.4. References:

 http://www.radiocave.com/fm-radio-broadcast.html
 http://www.theorycircuit.com/arduino-rda5807m-fm-receiver/
 http://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=37676.0