Acetic Acid storage tank

Table 1. Acetic Acid Tank Operating Conditions

Operating Conditions

◦C 30
Temperature
◦F 86

kPa 101.3
Pressure
psia 14.7

Table 2. Acetic acid Tank Design Conditions

Design Conditions

◦C 121.11
Temperature
◦F 250

kPa 445.86

Pressure psia 64.7

psig 50
Table 3. Acetic acid Tank Capacity

Tank Capacity

Time capacity, days 7

Number of tanks 8

Mass flow rate, kg/h 9,742

Volumetric flow rate, m3/hr 9.24

Turn down volumetric flow rate, m3/hr 4.62

Rated volumetric flow rate, m3/week 1707.55

Type of vessel Atmospheric

Table 4. Design Temperature and Pressure Guidelines

Operating T Design T Operating P Design P

0-200 °F 250 °F 0-25 psig 50 psig

Over 200 °F Operating + 50 °F 25-250 psig Operating + 25 psig

Reactors Operating + 50 °F 250-1000 psig Operating + 10 psig

Over 1000 psig Operating + 5 psig

Source: Equipment Design Lecture PowerPoint

Vapor Pressure

 If true vapor pressure of the chemical is greater than 90 𝑘𝑃𝑎, then use a pressure vessel for the storage tank,

otherwise use an atmospheric vessel.

 Using table 2-8 in Perry’s Handbook, Vapor pressure of Ethanol at 25°C is calculated:

𝐶2
ln 𝑃 = 𝐶1 + + 𝐶3 ln(𝑇) + 𝐶4𝑇 𝐶5
𝑇

𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑃 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝐾

6304.5
ln 𝑃 = 53.27 − − 4.2985ln(298.15) + 8.8865𝑥10−18 (298.15)6
298.15

𝑃 = 2082.66 𝑃𝑎

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝐴𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑉𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑙

Normal volumetric flowrate:

𝑘𝑔 𝑚3 𝑚3
9,742 ( ) = 9.24
ℎ𝑟 1054 𝑘𝑔 ℎ𝑟

Turndown volumetric flowrate:

𝑚3 𝑚3
0.5 (9.24 ) = 4.62
ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟

Rated volumetric flow rate:

𝑚3 𝑚3
1.10 (9.24 ) = 10.164
ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟

𝑚3 ℎ𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 𝑚3
𝑉𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 = 10.164 (24 ) (7 ) = 1,707.55
ℎ𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑦 𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘 𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘
Total Volume of Tank

 From Ludwig’s Rule of Thumb, the optimum Length/Diameter = 3

 The volume gives the accepted height of 15 m according to Stephen Hall’s Rule of Thumb’

Estimated number of tanks: 6

1707.55 (3𝜋𝐷 3 ) 𝑚3
𝑉𝑉 = = = 284.59
6 4 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘

𝐷 = 4.94 𝑚

𝐿
= 3; 𝐿 = 14.83 𝑚
𝐷

Corrosion Allowance

 According to the Ludwigs Rule of Thumb for Chemical Engineers, corrosion allowance for

corrosive chemical is equal to 8.9 mm, and 3.8 mm for non-corrosive chemicals. Since acetic acid is corrosive, a

corrosion allowance of 8.9 mm will be used.

 Maximum allowable stress

Figure 1. Typical Maximum Allowable Stresses for Plates Under ASME BPV Code Sec. VIII

SS316

𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 16.7 𝑘𝑠𝑖 = 16,700 𝑝𝑠𝑖

Thickness of the tank (modified)

 As stated in Towler & Sinnott (2008), to calculate for the minimum wall thickness (tmin) for cylindrical vessels,

the equation specified by the ASME BPV Code (Sec VIII D.1 Part UG-27)

 The joint efficiency, E, is typically 0.85. (From ChE Rules of Thumb)

 Design Pressure: 50 psig

𝐷𝑃 × 𝐷 (50 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑔)(4940 𝑚𝑚)

𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 8.72 𝑚𝑚 (1)
2𝑆𝐸 − 1.2𝐷𝑃 2(16,700 𝑝𝑠𝑖)(0.85) − 1.2(50 𝑝𝑠𝑖)

𝐷𝑃 × 𝐷 (50 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑔)(4940 𝑚𝑚)

𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 4.35 𝑚𝑚 (2)
4𝑆𝐸 + 0.8𝐷𝑃 4(16,700 𝑝𝑠𝑖)(0.85) + 0.8(50 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑔)

The ASME BPV Code specifies that the minimum thickness shall be the greater value determined from equations 1 and 2
 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 8.72 𝑚𝑚 + 8.9 𝑚𝑚 = 17.62 𝑚𝑚

Outside Diameter

𝐷𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 = 𝐷𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 + 2𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 4940 𝑚𝑚 + 2(17.62 𝑚𝑚) = 4975.24 𝑚𝑚

NOZZLE CALCULATION

Feed

Rated mass flow rate

 Mass flow rate is from the Aspen HYSYS simulation

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 9,742 (1.1) = 10,716.2
ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟

Velocity

 For d=2.067 in =0.0525 m

 Density is obtained from ASPEN HYSYS simulation

𝑘𝑔 1ℎ𝑟
10,716.2 𝑥 𝑚
𝑉= ℎ𝑟 3600𝑠 = 1.31
3
1054 kg/m (2.16 x 10^ − 3) 𝑠

Reynold’s Number
 𝑘𝑔 𝑚
ρDV (1054 𝑚3 ) (0.0525 𝑚) (1.31 𝑠 )
𝑅𝑒 = = = 80186.78
µ 𝟗. 𝟎𝟒𝑥10^ − 4 𝑃𝑎 − 𝑠

Churchill Equation

For commercial steel pipe, 𝜀 = 0.046 𝑚𝑚 (𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑦 ′ 𝑠 𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐻𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘)

Friction factor

1 𝜀 7 0.9
= −4𝑙𝑜𝑔 [0.27 ( ) + ( ) ]
√𝑓 𝐷 𝑅𝑒

0.9
1 0.0457𝑋10−3 𝑚 7
= −4𝑙𝑜𝑔 [0.27 ( )+( ) ]
√𝑓 0.0525 𝑚 80186.78

𝑓 = 5,60𝑥10−3

∆𝑃 2ρfV 2 𝑃𝑎
= = 383
𝑡 𝑑 𝑚

𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑘𝑃𝑎
0.383 < 0.5
𝑚 𝑚

𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒.
Outlet

Rated mass flow rate

 Mass flow rate is from the Aspen HYSYS simulation

𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 9,742 (1.1) = 10,716.2
ℎ𝑟 ℎ𝑟

Velocity

 For d=2.067 in =0.0525 m

 Density is obtained from ASPEN HYSYS simulation

𝑘𝑔 1ℎ𝑟
10,716.2 𝑥 𝑚
𝑉= ℎ𝑟 3600𝑠 = 1.31
1054 kg/m 3 (2.16 x 10^ − 3) 𝑠

Reynold’s Number

𝑘𝑔 𝑚
ρDV (1054 𝑚3 ) (0.0525 𝑚) (1.31 𝑠 )
𝑅𝑒 = = = 80186.78
µ 𝟗. 𝟎𝟒𝑥10^ − 4 𝑃𝑎 − 𝑠

Churchill Equation

For commercial steel pipe, 𝜀 = 0.046 𝑚𝑚 (𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑦 ′ 𝑠 𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐻𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘)

Friction factor

1 𝜀 7 0.9
= −4𝑙𝑜𝑔 [0.27 ( ) + ( ) ]
√𝑓 𝐷 𝑅𝑒

0.9
1 0.0457𝑋10−3 𝑚 7
= −4𝑙𝑜𝑔 [0.27 ( )+( ) ]
√𝑓 0.0525 𝑚 80186.78

𝑓 = 5,60𝑥10−3

∆𝑃 2ρfV 2 𝑃𝑎
= = 383
𝑡 𝑑 𝑚

𝑘𝑃𝑎 𝑘𝑃𝑎
0.383 < 0.5
𝑚 𝑚

𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒.