Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
ABSTRACT
This research studies the effect of cement prehydration due to storage on the properties of concrete. A sample
of cement was obtained from the company and has not been subjected to storage. The following test where
carried out on the cement and concrete after 0, 30, 60 and 90 days of storage: Initial and Final setting time,
Soundness test, Workability test, Compressive strength and density of test. Based on the results both initial and
final setting times were found to be increasing with increase in days of storage. Soundness test indicate that
expansion of cement paste were found to be constant throughout the storage. However, the workability
decreases due to increase in days of storage. Also, Compressive strength of concrete decreases with increase in
days of storage. Lastly, the Density of concrete increases with increase in days of storage. Since the compressive
strength is the most important property of concrete and were found to be decreasing with increase in days of
storage, we can conclude that to obtain maximum compressive strength of concrete, using fresh cement is better
than using cement that has been stored for a long period of time
Fourth International Conference On Research & Innovation Trends, Hyderabad (ICRIT 2018) 15
IJESR/ICRIT-IV/ Special Issue/ Article No-4/15-20 ISSN 2277-2685
Fine Aggregate
River sand was used as fine aggregate, it is clean, sharp and free from clay, loam, dirt and any other deleterious
materials. The fine aggregate is dried so that water cement ratio would not be affected. Particle size distribution
testwas carried out on fine aggregates in accordance to[7]. Also, specific gravity test was carried out in
accordance with [8]
Coarse Aggregate
Locally available crushed granite aggregates of nominal size 20 mm were used. Particle size distribution testwas
carried out in accordance to [9]. Also, specific gravity test was carried out in accordance with [8]
Water
The water used for the research was free from salt and other deleterious materials.
2.2 Methods
To determine the effect of storage on the properties of concrete, a single bag of cement was used produce
concrete cubes for testing at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days. During storage, the cement was not given any special
treatment, it was only stored above the ground and the bag was tied as shown in Figure 1. This is to imitate the
storage conditions at sites. The concrete was designed to achieve a target compressive strength of 30 N/mm2 at
28 days using absolute volume mix design method. The following tests were carried out to investigate the
properties of concrete:
i. Consistency and setting time test of cement at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days.
ii. Soundness test of cement at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days.
iii. Slump test on the concrete at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days.
iv. Compressive strength and density tests on the concrete at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days.
www.ijesr.org 16
IJESR/ICRIT-IV/ Special Issue/ Article No-4/15-20 ISSN 2277-2685
3. RESULT DISCUSSION
Particle size distribution of fine aggregate
The result of particle size distribution of fine aggregate is presented in Fig. 1.
www.ijesr.org 17
IJESR/ICRIT-IV/ Special Issue/ Article No-4/15-20 ISSN 2277-2685
Fig. 3: Initial and final setting time of cement at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days
After 30 days of storage, the initial and final setting times increases by 13% and 41% respectively. While, at 60
days of storage, the initial and final setting times increases by 52% and 84% respectively. And after 90 days of
storage, the initial and final setting times increases by 104% and 128% respectively.
Soundness Test
The result of soundness test at different duration is presented in Figure 4. From the figure, there was no change
in soundness over the period of storage. Which means that the expansion for 0 day 30 days 60 days and 90 days
remain constant.
0.6
EXPANSION (mm)
0.4
0.2
0
0 30 60 90
AGE OF STORAGE (days)
25
VARIATION IN SLUMP (mm)
20
15
10
0
0 30 60 90
AGE OF STORAGE (days)
www.ijesr.org 18
IJESR/ICRIT-IV/ Special Issue/ Article No-4/15-20 ISSN 2277-2685
It can be observed that the slump of concrete increases with increase in period of storage. As such, the
workability of the concrete was decreasing as a result of cement storage.
Compressive Strength
The result of compressive strength at different durations of cement storage is presented in Figure 6.
2520
) 2500
3
m
/g 2480
k( 2460
0 day
Y
TI 2440 storag
S
N
E 2420 e
D 2400
2380
7 14 28
CONCLUSION
The effect of storage on concrete properties were investigated, based on the experimental works, it can be
concluded that cement storage affects its reactivity due to prehydration; this in turn affects concrete properties
such as setting times, workability, density and most importantly compressive strength. It is therefore
recommended that cement should be used as soon as possible and storage should be avoided.
www.ijesr.org 19
IJESR/ICRIT-IV/ Special Issue/ Article No-4/15-20 ISSN 2277-2685
REFERENCES
[1] Elina D. The phenomenuon of cement ageing on moist air surface chemistry, mechanism and effects on
admixture performance. Universitatsbibliothek der Tu munich, 2013.
[2] Whittaker M, Elina D, Al-Mutawa F, Leslie A, Johann P, Leon B. The Effect of prehydration on the
engineering properties of CEM I portland cemment. Advances in Cementt Research 2013; 25(1): 12-20.
[3] Lovel KM, Anniama C. Astudy of strength characteristics of ordinary portland cement due to storage.
International journal of Innovative research in science, Engineering and Technology 2013.
[4] Stoian J, Tandre Bullard W, Kumar HJ, Aditya Balonis M. New insights into the prehydration of cement
and its mitigation. Cement and Conrete Resarch 2005; 70: 94-103.
[5] Adamtsevich AEA, Pustovgar A, Stanislav P. Research on the Effect of prehydration of portland cement
stored in normal conditions. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014.
[6] N. 44. Quality standard for ordinary portland cement., Standard organisation of Nigria, Lagos, Nigeria,
2003.
[7] B. EN933-1: Determination of particle size distributions-sieving method, Britsh standard, 1997.
[8] BS812-2. Testing aggreates. Methods of Determination of Density, British standard Institude, London,
1995.
[9] BS.EN933-1. Determination of particle size distribution -sieving method. Britsh standarrd, London, 1997.
[10] Winnefeld F. Inluence of cement ageing and addition time on the performance of superplasticizers, ZKA
International 2008; 61(11): 68-77.
[11] BS1881-102. Testing concrete. Method of normal curing of test specimens (20oc Method, British standard
Institude, 389 Chiswick High Road , London, 1993.
[12] B. 1881-111. Testing Concrete; Method for determination of compressive strength of concrete cubes.,
British Standard Institude, 389 Chiswick High Road London, 1983.
[13] BS-EN196-3. Methods of Testing cement part -3; Determination of setting times and soundness, Brits
standard, 2008.
[14] BS912-2. Testing aggreates. Methods for determination of density. British standard Institude, 389
Chiswick High road london, 1995.
www.ijesr.org 20