DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Aaisha, G.A., dan Barate, D.L. 2016. Isolation and Identification of Pectinolytic
Bacteria from Soil Samples of Akola Region, India. Int.
J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 5(1): 514-521.

Ali, Ridlo dan Pramesti, R. 2009. Aplikasi Ekstrak Rumput Laut

Sebagai Agen Imunostimulan Sistem Pertahanan Non Spesifik Pada
Udang (Litopennaeus vannamei). J. Ilmu Kelautan. Vol 14 (3):133-137.

Adinarayana, K., Ellaiah .P., and Prasad .D.S. 2003. Purification and Partial
Characterization of Thermostable Serine Alkaline Protease from a Newly
Isolated Bacillus subtilis PE 11, AAPS Pharm Sci Tech, 4 (4), 1-9.

Aehle, W. 2004. Enzyme in Industry. WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA,
Weinheim. Germany. 175, 219, 232.

Akhdiya, A. 2003. Isolasi Bakteri Penghasil Enzim Protease Alkalin Termostabil.

Buletin Plasma Nutfah 9 (2).

Arief, M., Mufidah dan Kusriningrum. 2007. Pengaruh Penambahan Probiotik

pada Pakan buatan Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Rasio Konversi Pakan Ikan
Nila Gift (Oreochromis niloticus). Berkala Ilmiah Perikanan 3(2): 53-58

Armstrong, F. B. 1983. Biochemistry, Second Edition. Oxford University Press.

135-139, 142-143.

August, E. G. 2000. Kajian lipase amobil dari Aspergillus niger pada pembuatan
MAG yang bersifat antibakteri dati minyak kelapa. Tesis. Program Pasca
Sarjana. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.

Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Indonesia . 2016 . Produksi Perikanan Laut yang
dijual di TPI. Jakarta.

Baehaki, A., Rinto dan Budiman .A. 2012. Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Protease
dari Bakteri Tanah Indralaya Sumatera Selatan. J. Teknol dan Industri
Pangan112 : (37-41).
Balcazar, J.L., de Blas, I., Ruizzarzuela I., Cunningham .D., Vandrell D.,
Muzquiz J.L. 2006. A review: The Role of Prebiotics in Aquaculture.
Veterinary Mincrobiology 114 (2006): 173-186

Barrow, G.I., and R. K. A. Feltham. 1993. Cowan and Steel’s Manual for the
Identification of Medical Bacteria Third Edition. Syndicate of the
University of Cambridge. United Kingdom.

Bergmeyer and Grassl. 1983. Method of Enzymatic Analysis. Third Edition.

VCH (Verlagsgesellschaft), Meinheim, Germany. Volume II (Samples,
reagents, assesment of results). pp. 1 – 159.

Browdy, C.L., D Bratvold, A.D., Stokes dan R.P. Mcintosh. 2001. Perspective on
the application of closed shrimp culture system. P20-34. J. Jory (Eds).

Chaplin, M.F. and Bucke. 1990. Enzyme Technology. Cambridge University

Press. England.

El-Sayed, M.H., 2015. Thermoalkali-Stable Pectinase from Bacillus subtilis Strain

NVFO 19 Isolated from Agricultural Waste Dump Soil. 2015. Current
Research in Microbiology and Technology 3 (6) : 805-815.

Claus, D., Berkeley, R. C. W., 1986, Genus Bacillus Cohn 1872, 174. In Sneath,
P. H. A., (ed.) Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, Vol. 2,
Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1105-1139.

Cooper, T.G. 1994. The Tool of Biochemistry. John Wiley and Sons. Canada.

Prima,C.P. 2004. Pentingnya probiotik bagi tambak udang. CP Shrimp News.

Surabaya.

Dalmin, G., Kathiresan .K., Purushothaman, A. 2001. Effect of Probiotics on

Bacterial Population and Health Status of Shirmp in Culture Pond
Ecosystem. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 39, 939-942

Djajasukma. 1993. Isolasi Enzim Protease Dari Mucor javanicus. Pros. Seminar
Hasil Litbang SDH.

Esti, Y., Nurita, L., Arimurti S. 2009. Karakterisasi Protease Ekstrak Kasar
Bacillus sp 31.Jurnal Ilmu Dasar. 10 : (101-108)

Fadhilah, S.P., Hasan, Z., Haetami, K. 2012. Pengaruh Pemberian Bakteri

Probiotik Pada Pelet Yang Mengandung Kaliandra (Calliandracalothyrus)
terhadap Pertumbuhan Benihan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus). J. Perikanan
dan Kelautan. Vol 3 (4): 285-291.
Feliatra., I. Efendi., E. Suryadi. 2004. Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Probiotik
dari Ikan Kerapu Macan (Ephinephelus fuscogatus) dalam Upaya Efisiensi
Pakan Ikan. Jurnal Natur Indonesia 6(2): 75-80.

Fooks, L.J. And G.R. Gibson .2002. In-vitro investigation of the effect of
probiotics and prebiotics on selected human intestinal pathogens. FEMS
Microbiol. Ecol. 39: 67 – 75.

Gaggia, F., P. Mattarelli And B. Biavati. 2010. Probiotic and prebiotics in

animal feeding for safe food production. Intl. J. Food Microbiol. 14:
515 – 528.

Gatesoupe, F. 1999. A Review: The Use of Probiotic in Aquaculture.

Aquaculture 180:147-165

Gismondo, M.R., L.Drago and A. Lombardi. 1999. Review of Probiotics

Available to Modify Gastrointestinal Flora. Internasional Journal of
Antimicrobial Agents, 12: 287-292

Guarto dan Hendrajat .E. A. 2008. Budidaya Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus

vannamei) pada Pola Semi Intensif dengan Applikasi Jenis Probiotik
Komersial. J. Ris. Akuakultur, 3(3):303-313.

Hadioetomo RS. 1985. Mikrobiologi. Gramedia. Jakarta.

Hala, Y. 1999. Penggunaan gen penanda molekular untuk deteksi pelekatan dan
kolonisasi vibrio harveyi pada larva udang windu (Penaeus monodon)
[Disertasi]. Bogor. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Program Pascasarjana, 91
hlm.

Hartley, B. S. 1960. Proteolytic enzymes. Annu Rev Biochem 29. 45-72.

Inten, HN., Nengah IW., Mayun, LAAIA. 2015. Analisis Potensi
Protease Ekstraselluler Tanah Hutan Mangrove Pantai Suwung Kauh
Bali.Cakra Kimia. 3(2): 84-90.

Haryanti, Sugama, K., Tsamura, S., & Nishijima, T. 2000. Vibriostatic bacterium
isolated from seawater: Potentiality as probiotic agent in the rearing of
Penaeus monodon larvae. Ind. Fish. Res. J., 6: 26-32.

Hill, B.J. (2005). The Need for Effective Disease Control in International
Aquaculture. Dev. Biol. (Basel) (121): 3–12

Irianto, A. 2003. Probiotik Akuakultur. Gadjah Mada University Press.

Yogyakarta.

Jayani, R.S. Saxena, S. & Gupta, R. (2005). Microbial pectinolytic

enzymes: a review. Process Biochemistry, Vol.40, pp. 2931-2944
Kashyap, D.R., Chandra, S., Kaul, A. & Tewari, R. (2000). Production,
purification and characterization of pectinase from Bacillus sp. DT7.
World journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol.16, pp. 277-282

Kristanti, N. D. 2001. Pemurnian Parsial dan Karakterisasi Lipase Ekstraseluler

dari Kapang Rhizopus oryzae TR 32. Tesis, Program Pascasarjana, IPB.
Bogor

Kumar, D. Dan Bhalla T.C. 2004. Purification and Characterization of a Small

Size Protease from Bacillus sp. APR-4. Exp Biol 42: 515-517

Lehninger, A.L. 1990. Dasar – Dasar Biokimia Jilid 1. Terjemahan Maggy

Thenawidjaja. Jakarta : Penerbit Erlangga.

Lidya, B. dan N. S. Djenar. 2000. Dasar Bioproses. Direktorat Jendral|

Pendidikan Tinggi DEPDIKNAS, Jakarta.

Mack, D.R., S. Michail .S., Wei L. Mcdougall and M.A. Holingsworth. 1999.
Probiotics inhibit enteropathogenic E. coli adherence in vitro inducing
intestinal mucin gene expression. Amer. J. Physiol. 267(4 Pt 1): G941
G950.

Mann, C.M. dan Markham . J.L., 1998, A new method for determining the
minimum inhibitory concentration of essential oils, Journal of Applied
Microbiology, 84, 538-544.

Martoharsono, Soeharsono. 1990. Biokimia Jilid I. UGM Press. Yogyakarta.

Marzuki, I. 2014. Enzim Struktur, Nomenklatur dan Mekanisme Kerja Enzim. UI

Press. Jakarta.

Moriaty, D.J.W. 1998. Control of luminous Vibrio species in penaeid

aquaculture ponds. Aquaculture,184:351-358.

Muliani, Nurbaya, Tompo, A., & Atmomarsono, M. 2004. Eksplorasi bakteri

filosfer dari tanaman mangrove sebagai bakteri probiotik pada budidaya
udang windu Penaeus monodon, J. Pen. Perik. Indonesia, 2: 47-57.

Muliani, Suwanto, A., & Hala, Y. 2008. Isolasi dan karakterisasi bakteri asal laut
Sulawesi untuk biokontrol penyakit vibriosis pada larva udang windu
(Penaeus monodon Fab.). J. Hayati, 10: 6-11.

Murray, J., Zhang, B., Taylor, S. W., Oglesbee, D., Fahy, E., Marusich, M. F.,
Ghosh, S. S., and Capaldi, R. A. (2002) J Biol Chem 278, 13619-13622
Murdianto. 2015. Study on the effects of probiotic, Pediococcusacidilactici in the
diet on some biological indices of Oscar astronautsocellatus.
International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 4 (11):
3458-3464.

Novita, W., Arief, K., Nisa, F.C., dan Murdiyatmo, U., 2006, Karakterisasi Parsial
Ekstrak Kasar Enzim Protease dari Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NRRL B-
14396, Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian, 7(2), 96-105.

Orten, J. M. and O.W. Neuhaus. 1970. Biochemistry C. V. Mosby Company.

Saint Louis. 430-435.

Page, D.S. 1989. Prinsip-Prinsip Biokimia. Erlangga. Jakarta.

Palmer, J.K. 1981. The Banana. Dalam: Hulme, A.C. (Ed). The Biochemistry
of Fruits and Their Product. Vol 2. Academic Press London and New
York.

Poedjiadi, Anna F.M., dan Titin Supriyantini. 2005. Dasar-dasar Biokimia.

UI Press. Jakarta.

Poliana, J. dan MacCabe A.P. 2007. Industrial Enzymes; Structure, Function,

and Applications. Dordrecht: Springer. Halaman:174. ISBN 978-1
4020-53764

Purnobasuki, H. 2005. Tinjauan perspektif hutan mangrove. Airlangga

University Press. Surabaya.

Rao, M.B., Tanksale A.M., Ghatge M.S. & Deshpe V.V. 1998. Molecular &
Microbiology. UK. London.

Rajab, F. 2010. Isolasi dan seleksi bakteri probiotik dari lingkungan tambak dan
hatcheri untuk pengendalian penyakit vibriosis pada larva udang windu,
Penaeus monodon. J. Ris. Akuakultur, 5: 103-113.

Rahayu, K. 2010. Teknologi Enzim. PAU Pangan dan Gizi UGM. Yogyakarta.

Rosa, D., Zafran, Taufik, I., & Girsang, M.A. 1997. Pengendalian Vibrio harveyi
secara biologis pada larva udang windu (Penaeus monodon): I. Isolasi
Bakteri Penghambat. J. Penel. Perik. Indonesia, 3: 1-10.

Sakai, T., Sakamoto, T., Hallaert, J. & Vandamme, E.J. (1993). Pectin, pectinase
and protopectinase: production, properties and applications. Advances in
Applied Microbiology, Vol.39, pp. 213-294

Salminen, S. dan A. Von-Wright. 1999. Lactic Acid Bacteria. New York

Marcel Dekker.
Said, M.I., dan Likadja, J.C. 2012. Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri yang
Berpotensi sebagai Penghasil Enzim Protease pada Industri Penyamakan
Kulit Pt.

Saono, S., 1976. Metabolisme dari Fermentasi. Ceramah Ilmiah Proceeding

Lokakarya Bahan Pangan Berprotein Tinggi. LKN-LIPI, Bandung.
Hal 5-7.
Sariningsih, R. 2000. Produksi Enzim Protease Oleh Bacillus subtilis BAC-4.
Skripsi. Universitas Padjajaran. Bandung.
Scopes, R.K. 1982. Protein Purification. Springer Verlag. New York.

Soedigdo, 1988. Studi Akivitas Enzim Lipase dari Aspergillus niger sebagai
biokatalis pada proses gliserolisis untuk menghasilkan momoasilgliserol.
Thesis. Universitas Diponegoro.
Pectinolytic Bacteria from the Mango Fruit Yards. World Journal of Pharmacy
and Pharmaceutical Sciences 5 (1) : 738-748

Steer, T., H. Carpenter, K. Tuohy, G.R. Gibson and T.E. Steer. 2000.
Perspectives on the role of the human gut microbiota and its modulation
by pro- and prebiotics. Nutr. Res. Rev. 13: 229 – 254.

Suastika Jaya, I.B.M., A. Taslihan & N.H. Abidin, 1996. Penerapan Teknik
Produksi dan Preservasi Bakteri Remediasi. Techner 27:12-14.

Subasinghe, R. dkk. (2001). Aquaculture development, health and wealth. In

aquaculture in the third millennium. Technical proceedings of the
conference on aquaculture in the third millennium (Subasinghe, R.P. et al.,
eds). pp. 167-191. Bangkok and FAO, NACA.

Suhartono, M.T. 1989. Enzim dan Bioteknologi. Departemen Pendidikan dan

Kebudayaan Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi Antar Universitas
Bioteknologi Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.

Suhartono, M.T., A. Suwanto, dan H. Widjaja. 1992. Diklat Struktur dan

Biokimiawi Protein. Penelitian Antar Universitas. IPB. Bogor.

Suwanto A. 1994. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: A revolution in microbial

genetic. Aspac. J. Mol. Biotechnol. 2:78-85.Dieffenbach dan Dveksler
1995).

Tjahjadi M.R., Angka S.L., Suwanto A. 1994. Isolation and evaluation of marine
bacterial for biocontrol of luminous bacterial diseases in tiger shrimp
larvae (Penaeus monodon Fab ). Aspac J Mol Biol Biotechnol 2:347-352.
Tsao. 1984. Alcohol from cellulose. Chemical Technology. 10(5): 315-319.

Vaseeharan, B., Ramasamy, P. 2003.Control of pathogenic Vibrio spp. By

Bacillus subtilis BT23, a possible probiotic treatment for black tiger
shrimp Penaeus monodon. J. Microbiol 36 (2) 8-7

Verschuere, L., Rombaut G., Sorgeloos P., Verstraete W. 2000. Probiotic

Bacteria as Bioloical Control Agents in Aquaculture. Microbial and
Molecular Biol Rev 64: 655-671

Wahyuntari B. dan Hendrawati H. 2012.Properties of an Extracellular Protease

of Bacillus megaterium DSM 319 as Depilating Aid of Hides.
Microbiology Indonesia 6(2). doi : 10.5454/mi.6.2.4.

Walsh, G. And D.R. Headon. 1994. Immobilized Enzym. John Wiley and Sons
Ltd. New York.

Wheeler, M.F. 1994.Mikrobiologi Dasar. Jilid II. Terjemahan Soenartomo

Adisoemarto. Penerbit Erlangga. Jakarta.

Whitaker, J.R. (1990). Microbial pectinolytic enzymes. Microbial enzymes and

biotechnology (2nd edition), W.M. Fogarty & C.T. Kelly, (Eds.), pp. 133
176, Elsevier Science Ltd., ISBN: 1851664866, London, England.

Winarno, F. G. 1986. Enzim. Jakarta. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Wirahadikusuma, M. 2001. Biokimia Protein, Enzim dan Asam Nukleat.

Bandung: ITB.
.
Wolfe, S.L. 1993. Molecular and Cellular Biology. Wadsworth Publishing
Company. California.

Yahya, S. 2014. Bio-template Synthesis of SilikaRuthenium Catalyst of

Benzylation of Toluene. Journal of Physical Science. Vol. 24. No. 1.
Pp. 29-35.

Yandri, T.S., Dian H., and Sutopo .H. (2007). The chemical modification of
protease enzyme isolated from local bacteria isolate, Bacillus subtilis
ITBCCB148 with cyanuric chloride polyethylenglycol. Europ. J. Scien.
Resea., 23: 177-186.

Yati, S.S. dan Sulistiani.2014. Karakterisasi Protease Bacillus subtilis A1 Inacc

B398 yang Diisolasi Dari Terasi Samarinda. Berita Biologi 13 (2), 203
211.
Yuniati, R., Nugroho T.T., Puspita F. 2015. Uji Aktivitas Enzim Protease dari
Isolat Bacillus sp Galur Lokal Riau. JOMP FMIPA. 1 :116-122.