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Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente (IsIAO) is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize,
preserve and extend access to Il Giappone
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Giovanni Borriello
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50 Giovanni Borriello
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La diffusione delle conoscenze mediche europee in Giappone 51
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52 Giovanni Borriello
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La diffusione delle conoscenze mediche europee in Giappone 53
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54 Giovanni Borriello
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La diffusione delle conoscenze mediche europee in Giappone 55
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56 Giovanni Borriello
17 OtoriR.,art.cit.,p. 30.
18 M.T. Orsi, ?H Rangaku kotohajime di Kikuchi Kan?, II Giappone, XIV, 1974, p. 77.
19 Sugita Genpaku, ?Rangaku kotohajime (il principio degli studi olandesi)?,
Monumenta Nipponica, V, 1942, pp. 144-166 e pp. 215-236. Cfr. anche D. Keene, The
Japanese Discovery of Europe, London 1952, pp. 28-31.
20 A.M. Luyendijk-Elshout, ?Ontleedinge (Anatomy) as Underlying Principle of
Western Medicine in Japan?, Red-Hair Medicine Dutch-Japanese Medical Relations, H.
Beukers, A.M. Luyendijk-Elshout, M.E. van Opstall and F. Vos (edited by), Amsterdam
-Atlanta, Rodopi, 1991, pp. 27-34.
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La diffusione delle conoscenze mediche europee in Giappone 57
21J. Mac Lean, ?The Introduction of Books and Scientific Instalments into Japan,
1712-1854?, Japanese Studies in the History of Science, 13,1974, pp. 9-68. Tra le princi
pali attrezzature introdotte in Giappone si ricorda il microscopio nel 1787, il primo ter
mometro clinico intorno al 1826 e il primo stetoscopio nel 1848.
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58 Giovanni Borriello
22 Ogata T. (edited by), ?Rangaku to Nihon Bunka? (Rangaku and Japanese Cultu
re), Report of Symposium on the Historical Relations between the Netherlands and Japan,
7-13 September 1969Tokyo, Tokyo Daigaku Shuppan-kai, 1971.
23 Yoshida T, ?Von Siebold as a Station Doctor?, Philipp Franz von Siebold. A
Contribution to the Study of the historical Relations between Japan and the Netherlands,
Leiden 1978, pp. 29-39.
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La diffusione delle conoscenze mediche europee in Giappone 59
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60 Giovanni Borriello
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La diffusione delle conoscenze mediche europee in Giappone 61
27 J.Z. Bowers, ?The Adoption of German Medicine in Japan: The Decision and
the Beginning?, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Baltimore, American Association
for the History of Medicine, 53,1979, pp. 57-58.
28 M.S. von Brandt, Dreiunddreissig Jahre in Ostasiens. Erinnerungen eines deut
schen Diplomats, vol. 1, Leipzig, Georg Wigand, 1906, p. 8.
29 K. Meissner, Deutsche in Japan, 1639-1939, Stuttgart, Berlin, Deutsche Verlags
Anstalt, 1940.
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62 Giovanni Borriello
30 J.Z. Bowers, ?The Adoption of German Medicine in Japan: The Decision and
the Beginning?, art.at., pp. 61-70.
31 Nel 1875 Ishizaka scopre la forma adulta della Fasciola hepatica. II modo di tra
smissione all'uomo sar? puntualizzato da Tobayashi Tokijir? nel 1912 ed il ciclo evolu
tivo del parassita sar? definite da Mut? Masamoto nel 1920. Nel 1885 Nagai Nagayoshi
estrae Palcaloide della Ephedra sinica, nota come pianta medicinale cinese, e lo chiama
efedrina. Nel 1890 Kitazato Shibasabur? riusci a mettere a punto una sieroterapia del
tetano. Fu riconosciuto quale pioniere della sieroterapia all'Universit? di Berlino dove
ricevette il titolo di professore onorario. Nel 1897 Shiga Kiyoshi scopri il bacillo della
dissenteria da allora chiamata ?Shigella?. Nel 1900 Takamine J?kichi riusci ad estrarre
un ormone midollare surrenale che chiam? adrenalina. Nel 1910 Hata Sahachir?, in
collaborazione con il ricercatore tedesco Paul Ehrlich scopri il salvarsan, lo specifico
della sifilide. Nel 1910 Suzuki Umetar? per la prima volta al mondo estrasse vitamine
dalla pula del riso e apri la via alle ricerche sulle vitamine. La vitamina Bl fu isolata da
Suzuki Umetar? (1874-1943). Nel 1914 Yamagiwa Katsusabur? delTUniversit? di
Tokyo ed il suo allievo Ichikawa Koichi riuscirono per la prima volta a sviluppare artifi
cialmente il cancro, gettando cosi le basi per una ricerca mondiale. Nel 1917 Ishihara
Shinobu invent? la tavola cromatica del daltonismo. Nel 1924 Hirai Somaro dimostr? il
reale carattere della meningite che colpisce i lattanti che vengono attaccati al seno di
donne che portano indumenti contenenti piombo. Nel 1932 Ogino Ky?saka rese pub
blico il suo calendario di previsione dei periodi fertili della donna e il suo principio fu
ripreso da Knaus. Nel 1933 Mitamura Atsushir? e Yamada Shinichir? dimostrarono
che l'encefalite giapponese era trasmessa da moscerini (Culex tritaeniorhinens). Tale
scoperta venne confermata per via sperimentale nel 1940. Nel 1950 Uji Tatsur? invent?
il gastroscopio.
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La diffusione delle conoscenze mediche europee in Giappone 63
BIBLIOGRAFIA GENERALE
(in ordine cronologico)
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64 Giovanni Borriello
J.Z. Bowers, ?The Adoption of German Medicine in Japan: The Decision and the
Beginning?, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Baltimore, American Asso
ciation for the History of Medicine, 53,1979.
A. Tamburello, ?La cultura occidentale nel Giappone Tokugawa - Parte II: la
mediazione olandese e russa fra Seicento e Settecento?, II Giappone, XX,
1980.
J.Z. Bowers, ?The Odyssey of Smallpox Vaccination?, Bulletin of the History of
Medicine, Baltimore, American Association for the History of Medicine, 55,
1981.
A. Querido, ?Dutch Transfer of Knowledge through Deshima?, Transactions of
the Asiatic Society of Japan, XVIII, Tokyo 1983.
A. Tamburello, ?Ueredit? del Tadroado ReaT in Giappone. La continuit? della
componente cattolica della cultura europea nelTarcipelago fra la met? dei
secoli XVII-XIX?, Studi in memoria di Erilde Melillo Reali, Napoli, IUO,
1989.
T.M. van Gulik, ?Dutch Surgery in Japan?, Red-Hair Medicine Dutch-Japanese
Medical Relations, H. Beukers, A.M. Luyendijk-Elshout, M.E. van Opstall
and F. Vos (edited by), Amsterdam - Adanta, Rodopi, 1991.
A.M. Luyendijk-Elshout, ?Ontleedinge (Anatomy) as Underlying Principle of
Western Medicine in Japan?, Red-Hair Medicine Dutch-Japanese Medical
Relations, H. Beukers, A.M. Luyendijk-Elshout, M.E. van Opstall and F.
Vos (edited by), Amsterdam - Adanta, Rodopi, 1991.
G. T. Haneveld, ?The Introduction of Acupuncture into Western Medicine: The
Influence of Japanese and Dutch Physicians?, Red-Hair Medicine Dutch
Japanese Medical Relations, H. Beukers, A.M. Luyendijk-Elshout, M.E. van
Opstall and F. Vos (edited by), Amsterdam - Adanta, Rodopi, 1991.
H. E. Henkes, ?The Influence of the Dutch on Japanese Ophthalmology in the
19th Century?, Red-Hair Medicine Dutch-Japanese Medical Relations, H.
Beukers, A.M. Luyendijk-Elshout, M.E. van Opstall and F. Vos (edited by),
Amsterdam - Adanta, Rodopi, 1991.
D. Massarella, ?The History of The History?, The Furthest Goal: Engelbert
Kaempfe/s Encounter with Tokugawa Japan, B.M. Bodart - Bailey and
Derek Massarella (edited by), Folkstone 1995.
M. Lucchesi, ?II primo incontro tra il Giappone e la scienza europea: il caso di
Christov?o Ferriera?, II Giappone, XXXV [1995], Roma 1998.
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