Contemporary arts – refers to an art that is made and produced by artist who are living in 21 st

century.
- Mirrors contemporary culture and society
- Distinguished by the lack of a uniform organizing principle, ideology or -ism.
Artist’s works respond on global environment that is culturally diverse, technology advancing
and multifaceted. Working in a wide range of medium, contemporary artist often reflect and
comment on modern-day society.
Their art is a dynamic combination of methods, materials, concepts and subject that challenges
the traditional boundaries and defy easy definition.
Contemporary Performance – is a hybrid work that integrates text, dance, objects, music,
costumes, lighting, image, sound, sets and vocal impression into complex interactive systems.
Contemporary performance collages is a non-narrative, technically rigorous, and carefully
orchestrated anarchic chaos.
Characteristic of Philippine Art
1. Dominant/Mainstream (foreign influenced, industry driven, technology assisted,
oriented for mass consumption)
2. Alternative (usually solo realist or advocacy oriented)
3. Traditional/Indigenous (preserves local traditions) ex. GAMABA

Awards and Citation

To become a National Artist
- Has spent considerable time to hone your skills
- Establishing the relevance of the body of your works
Gaining respect from colleagues in the arts then you’ll be nominated or considered for awards
and citations.
2 major awards given to artists
- Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (National Living Treasures Award)
- Orden ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining (Order of National Artists)

 The conferment of the order of national artists is the highest recognition given to filipino
individuals who made significant contributions to the development of the Philippine
arts.
  The order is jointly administered by the NCCA (National Commission for Culture and
the Arts) and CCP (Cultural Center of the Philippines) and conferred by the office of the
president upon recognition by both administration.
 The first recipient of this award was Fernando Amorsolo – Grand Old Man of the
Philippine Art
 he was the sole awardee in the year 1972, as National Artist for Visual Arts

Honor and Privileges

1. rank and title
2. medallion or insignia and citation that will be read during conferment
3. cash awards and host of benefits (monthly life pension, medical and hospitalization
benefits, life insurance coverage
4. a state and funeral burial at the libingan ng mga bayani
5. a place of honor or designated are during national state functions

GAMABA: Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan or the National Living Treasures Award

 was created in 1992
 under republic act no. 7355
 under the jurisdiction of NCCA
 called as GAMABA

1. Ginaw Bilog, master of ambahan poetry

2. Masino Intaray, master of various instruments of palawan people
3. Samaon Sulaiman, master of kudyapi and other instrument
Recepients of GAMABA
 Are sought under the qualification of “Manlilikha ng Bayan
 Artist who is a citizen engaged in any traditional art uniquely filipino whose distinctive
skills have reached such high level of technical and artistic excellence and have been
passed on to and widely practiced by the present generation in his/her community with
the same degree of technical and artistic competence.
Incentives
 Specially designed gold medallion or insignia
 Initial grant of 100,000 and 10,000 monthly stipend for life
 Benefit such as maximum cumulative of 750,000 for medical and hospitalization benefits
 Funeral assistance tribute fit for a National Living Treasure
History of Philippine Art
1. Pre-Conquest or Pre-colonial
 Arts were woven into fabrics of everyday life
 Everyday expressions were all integrated within rituals like harvesting, funeral
ceremonies, rites of passage, planting, weddings that marked significant
moment of community’s life.
 Forms include pottery, metalworks, weaving, jewelry, carving
Ancient filipino were hunter-gatherers

 when they prepare and pray for the hunt, they perform ritual
 when they partitioned what they hunted, gathered and feasted, they perform rituals
 when they told stories about the hunt, began the informal forms of literature
 when they imitate the movements of animals, marked the early beginning of theater or
play
 when they add drum beating and rhythm, gives birth to music and dance.

Earliest Forms of Theater

1. Mayvanuavanua, from Banatanes
2. Canao or Kanyaw, found in Cordillera Autonomous Region [animal sacrifice where entrails
or internal organ are read through the process of divination that is performed either for
healing, to announce birth, marriage, weddings, burial ceremonies]
3. Kashawing, Lake Lanao- ritual to ensure abundance during rice planting
4. Tagbanwa, Palawan

Ethnic Musical Instruments

1. Pipes
2. Zithers
3. Drums
4. Flutes
5. Oher stringed instruments
Stringed Instruments
1. Kudyapi, three stringed guitar
2. Gansa, bamboo percussion instrument
3. Kulintang, an array of bossed gongs
4. Agong, large bossed gongs
Native Dance forms
1. Pangalay, from Sulu archipelago, a mimetic of the movement of the seabirds
2. The Mandaya’s Kinabua, Banog-banog of Higaonon Communities and of the B’laan
communites and Manok-manok of the Bagobos, imitate the movement of predatory
birds
3. Talip Dance, from Ifugao used for courtship, and is mimetic of the movements of wild
fowls.
4. Inamong of Matigsalugs and the Kadaliwas Dance of theT’Bolis, represent the comedic
movements of the monkeys
5. Tinikling, evocative movements of the crane
Making of Images
1. Bulul- Cordillera, regarded as granary gods that plays an important role in ritual. It
appears in spoons, bowls and containers
2. Hagabi (Ifugao)- wooden bench that marked the socioeconomic status of the owner
3. Christianized communities of Laguna and Pampanga are known for carving santos or
sculpture of saints.
4. Curvilinear decorations called as the okir (termed ukkil in Tausug, Samal/ Badjao) are
employed in woodcarving
5. Sensuous figures sometimes painted in primary colors follow the basic design of the
mythical sarimanok, the naga or serpent and the pako rabong or fern.
6. Terracotta- ex. Manunggul jar, a type of earthenware, a clay-based unglazed or glazed
ceramic.
Forms of Pottery
1. Palayok – for cooking
2. Banga and Tapayan- are containers used for fermenting foods or keeping liquids
Weaving
Textile- not only functional, they also impart knowledge about people’s belief system
1. Pis siyabit- headpiece woven by Tausug People of Sulu
2. Malong
3. Mat and Basket Weaving
4. Bubu (fish traps)
 Boxer Codex
- A manuscript that represents or a representation of the ethnolinguistics groups
- Upper Class Tagalog, wear gold jewelry
- Visayan, are shown fully covered in tattoo, corroborating early accounts that referred
the Visayas as “Islas de los Pintados.” Tattoos were used to protect individual and as a
badge of bravery and maturity.
- Jewelry is also believed to make the wearer more attractive to the opposite sex in as
much as it is considered pleasing to the gods.

II. Islamic Colonial (13th century-present)

Abbubakar
- Established the Sultanate of Sulu
- Introduced holy texts via holy book of Quran
- Built a house of prayer
- Built a religious school, known as madrasa, that facilitated the teaching of Arabic writing
in the 16th century
Main Islam Belief
- Ummah- community of believers
- Tawhid- unity of God; emphasizes the impermanence of nature and the
incomprehensible greatness of the divine Being
- Two aspects of reality:
1.Object is perceived by ordinary sense
2. Sense of nothingness
- Divine unity is expressed through abstract forms and patterns that compel the believer
to engage in mental concentration
- Mosque like the mihrab or niche and the Qibla wall are oriented toward the left

III. Spanish Colonial Period (1521-1898)

- Plaza Complex
- Local government office
- Church
- Cruciform churches were built
- Baroque style churches
- Images of saints
- Interpretation of biblical narratives
- Painting, Sculpting and Engraving Images of saints
- Santos are displayed in a decorative altar niche called retablo
 - Via Crucis- 14 paintings depicts the Christ’s crucifixion and resurrection.
- Trompe l’oeil- refers to paintings that give a heightened illusion of three- dimensionality
- Relleves-carved figurative protrusions on the surface
- Plateria- organic designs of hammered silver
- Carroza- santos paraded during town processions
Musical instruments
- Piano
- Violin
- Pipe organ
- Guitar
Catholic Liturgies Music were introduced during 1742, when archbishop Juan Rodriguez Angel
established singing school in Manila Cathedral that taught western music.
Pasyon o Pabasa- biblical narration of Christ’s passion chanted in an improvised melody
Awit and the corrido- musical forms that were chanted stories
Kundiman and the balitao- love songs and lullabies

Theater Plays
1. Zarzuela or sarsuwela- operatta which features singing and dancing interspersed with
prose dialogue
2. Senakulo- Passion play
3. Komedya- depicts conflict between Muslims and Christians
 Komedya de santo or religious komedya (life of Christ or any saints)
 Secular komedya
 Moro-moro (involves love between catholic hero and Islamic heroin

Folk Dances

 Carinoza
 Polka
 Dansa
 Pandanggo or fandango
 Tango dances
 Rigodon carry traces of the Habanera
 Jota
Visual Arts
-paintings served in instructive function through visual interpretation of biblical texts to catholic
devotion
Ex. Heaven, Earth and Hell, (1850)mural by Jose Dans in Paete, Church Laguna.
Reprographic art of printmaking
1. religious
- was introduced in Phil. During the early 16th century
- Doctrina Christiana ,1593(teachings of christianty)
-Doctrina (is the first printed book in the Phils. compiling song lyrics, commandments, sacraments
and other catechetical materials)
-estampas (prayer booklet)
2. non-religious or secular
- Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de los Yslas Filipinas, the first scientific maps of the
Philippines
Tipos del pais- surrounding the map where you can see everyday life focus on diff. types of
people.
Litography facilitated the reproduction of color plates as well as mass printing of newspaper and
periodicals

 Flora de Filipinas (1878) produced by the Augustinian botanist, Fr. Manuel Blanco

The opening of Manila to international trade in 1834 and the Suez Canal in 1869 gained benefits
for the native elites

 Ilustrados- the enlightened ones

 Marcelo Adonay- recognized for his compositions based on Western tradition of
Gregorian chants

Altars
Viriña- a bell- shaped glass case
Urna- a humbler, domestic version of a retablo. It has been attributed to the craftsmanship
of artists from the Visayan region
 Elite manifest the town. Plaza complex were occupied with bahay na bato- housed by rich
and prominent families.

Miniaturist style of painting:

it allows the artist to reveal meticulous details that signify the wealth and refinement of the
one posing for the portrait
Ex. Simon Flores’ painting Portrait of the Quiazon Family

Miniature Artist:
Antonio Malantic
Isidro Arceo
Dionisio de Castro
Justiniano Asuncion
Letras Y Figuras
-Combining names of individuals and vignettes of everyday life
Academic painters

 Have done art studies in local schools or abroad

 Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo
 Damian Domingo, established the first art school in the country at his studio in Binondo,
Manila

IV. American Colonial Period (1898-1940)

Major Movements
Drama Simbolico – movement yearning for freedom
Plays that serves as medium for political protest against American

 Tanikalang Ginto – Juan Abad

 Hindi Ako Patay – Juan Matapang Cruz
 Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas – Aurelio Tolentino
Plays were written in English. Unlike Spanish, the American taught their language through
efficient public-school system.
A Modern Filipina- first play written in English by Lino Castillejo and Jesus Araullo
Vaudeville- form of theater from France introduced by American which became popular to
Philippines during 1920’s.
Bodabil- motley collection of songs, music, dance, slapstick, acrobats chorus girls…
-------------------
Buildings that portray Neoclassic Architecture is Post Office and Legislative Building (National
Art Gallery)
Filipino Architects:

 Tomas Mapua
 Antonio Tolido
 Andres Luna De San Pedro
 Juan Arellano

Fabian dela Rosa- known for his naturalist paintings characterized by restraint and formality in
his brushwork, choice of somber colors, and subject matter as seen in Planting Rice (1921) and El
Kundiman (1930)
Fernando Amorsolo- a National Artist (1972), known for his romantic paintings that captured the
warm glow of the Philippines sunlight
Guillermo Tolentino- Amorsolo’s counterpart in sculpture. He was proclaimed a National Artist
in 1973
Academic art – a term referring to the kind of art that was influenced by European academies.
Modern Art and its challenges to academic art
1. Victorio Edades
2. Carlos “Botong” Francisco, known for his magisterial murals, Filipino Stuggles Through
History (1964)
3. Galo Ocampo, recognized for indigenizing western icons, Brown Madonna (1938)
4. Regarded as “triumvirate” of modern art after working several murals together, Nature’s
Bounty (1935)
13 Moderns
Victorio Edades Diosdado Lorenzo
Arsenio Capili Anita Magsaysay-Ho
Bonifacio Cristobal Galo Ocampo
Demetrio Diego Hernando R. Ocampo, National Artist
Carlos Francisco, National Artist Jose Pardo
Cesar Legaspi, National Artist Ricarte Purugganan

Japanese Occupation (1941-1945)

KALIBAPI- Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod ng Bagong Pilipinas -Sponsored arts
competition
Purugganan and Francisco (1943 and 1944) won KALIBAPI Awards
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere-It is a propaganda movement that sought
to create a Pan-Asian identity that rejected Western traditions
Slogans– “Asia for Asians” -Made way to the public through posters, ephemera,
comics and Japanese sponsored publications such as Shin-Seiki, also in
newspapers and magazines such as Liwayway and Tribune
Japanese Information Bureau or Hodobu -Bureau to regulate information
campaign. Production of images, texts, music underwent scrutiny composer
Felipe P. de Leon was said to have been commanded at the point of a gun to
write Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas
Amorsolo’s paintings: Harvest Scene (1942) and Planting Rice (1942)
Sylvia La Torre’s hit song Sa Kabukiran (1940s)
Levi Celerio (composer), awarded as National Artist for Music and Literature in
the year 1997
Opposite: the bombings of the intendencia and the ruins of manila cathedral.
Neo- Realism, Abstraction and Other Modern Art Styles
E. aguilar Cruz- named the movement Neo-realism
Neo-realist
1. Vicente Manansala
2. Hernando Ocampo
3. Cesar Legaspi

70’s to contemporary