Characteristics of lesson plan :

Learning to plan is just like any other skill. It takes time and practice. At
first lesson planning may seem like a time consuming process but by
creating detailed lesson plans as a beginner teacher one is able to develop
routines that can become more automatic over time.

1) Lesson planning should be in a written form.

2) In lesson planning, the general and important objectives should be

clearly defined.

3) The lesson plan should relate to suitable teaching method and its use.

4) A continuity component reviews and reflects on content from the

previous lesson.

5) Subject, time , class, average age of the students should be mentioned

in the lesson plan.

6) Important examples should be included in lesson planning.

7) Inspirational or motivational methods should be experimented in lesson

planning.

8) In lesson planning, the time for each topic should appropriately be pre
determined.

9) In lesson planning, the techniques and supportive materials of

education like charts, maps and other audio-visual materials and its
utilization should be written.
Steps of an ideal lesson plan :

Following points should be kept in mind while preparing a lesson plan:

1) Lesson number 2) Date 3) Time 4) Class 5) Subject 6) Average age of

children 7) Topic of the lesson 8) Aims of the lesson a) Specific aim b)
General aim 9) Material aids 10) Previous knowledge 11) Introduction
12) Statement of the aim 13) Presentation 14) Comprehensive question
15) Black-board summary 16) Application or Recapitulation 17) Home-
work
Topic of the lesson For effective teaching the reading material is
divided into various topics. If a topic is small in size, then it works as a
lesson for the day. But if it is lengthy, then it is divided into sub topics,
according to our ideas and accordingly each heading is also
determined. Aims of the lesson Before lesson is taught, it is necessary
to decide its aim or objectives.
Every lesson has following two types of aims:
a) General aims: By general aims we mean aims related to the subject.
In these aims, no change is made as they are definite and have direct
relation with the full subject.
b) Specific aims: Those aims which are not related to the full subject,
instead, they are related toa part of the lesson and with a particular
context. These are changed in accordance with the changes in lesson
and context.
Material aids : In order to make the teaching successful, effective and
interesting, a teacher uses material aids or devices and techniques.
The time and manner of which should be included in the lesson plan.
Previous knowledge : Previous knowledge is the knowledge, which the
students already possess before teaching them a new lesson. In
previous knowledge not only the previous reading material, but all the
experiences of the child, which he has achieved till n consideration the
previous knowledge, this will also be kept in mind, but previous
knowledge of the students should be in accordance to the selected
lesson.
Introduction : Before starting a new lesson, a teacher should prepare
his students to acquire new knowledge. Here a question arises, how
can a teacher may ask 3 or 4 questions based on the students’
previous knowledge, in order to inculcate interest, enthusiasm and
curiosity among his students for accepting the new lesson.
In order to make the student accept and adopt a new lesson, following
methods can be used: a) Asking questions based on the lesson b)
Narrating a story c) Showing a picture d) Explaining the subject e)
Narrating poems g) Presenting any example or incident etc.
Statement of aim : After completing the introduction of the lesson,
students get a picture of the objectives of that lesson.
After giving the introduction, teacher should tell the specific aims.
While students are acquainted with the specific aims of lesson,
enthusiasm is generated among them. Secondly, they choose the
correct way for the study of the lesson.
Their attention is centralized towards the reading subject and the
teacher will feel comfortable while teaching.
Presentation : After statement of aim, when the attention of both, the
teacher and the students are centralized towards the lesson, the
teacher should use the principle of selection and division.
For the development of the units, a teacher is required to use various
educational techniques like questions, examples, explanation,
narration and exhibition.
Comprehensive questions : Comprehensive questions are those
questions, which are asked by the teacher from his students after
teaching every unit of the lesson, in order to ascertain, whether the
children have properly understood the lesson or not.
Comprehensive questions are usually of two types – first related to the
teaching matter and second related to the language.
 Black – board summary : The black board summary should always be
formed with the help of students, but not much time should be
devoted to this purpose. Black –board summary consists of important
sentences which should be small, clear, relevant and written in a serial
form so that students can adopt lesson matter easily and comfortably.
Recapitulation : Recapitulation exercise should be done so that
whatever has been taught to the students till now, can be retain in
their brains. The teacher comes to know about the success or failure in
achieving his aim.
Home – work : Home assignment should be given to the students
related to that lesson.

Method of teaching in yoga :

1. Lecture method :
It is the oldest method of formal teaching . It is most useful with the
mature students having high degree of auditory perception since it
involves of problem of attention , voice level , clarity , use of rest
period and vocabulary level .

It is teacher centered activity and may encourage lack of student

participation .

2. Response to instruction method :

In this method teacher gives precise instruction which precedes with
demonstration and all the students responds to the instruction of the
teacher in the same way .
3. Individualized instruction method :
In this method , learning is highly individualized . In this method
attempts are made to provide by different means for individual
differences
Importance of meditation :
Meditation is relaxation. It is not about concentration, it’s actually
about de-concentration. It’s not about focussing one’s thoughts on
one thing, but instead on becoming thoughtless.
Benefits are :
1. A calm mind
2. Good concentration
3. Better clarity
4. Improved communication
5. Relaxation and rejuvenation of the mind and body .
On a physical level, meditation:
1. Lowers high blood pressure, lowers the levels of blood lactate,
reducing anxiety attacks
2. Decreases any tension-related pain, such as, tension headaches,
ulcers, insomnia, muscle and joint problems
3. Increases serotonin production that improves mood and behavior
4. Improves the immune system
5. Increases the energy level, as you gain an inner source of energy .
MENTAL BENEFITS OF MEDITATION :
Meditation brings the brainwave pattern into an alpha state that
promotes healing. The mind becomes fresh, delicate and beautiful. It
cleanses and nourishes you from within and calms you, whenever
you feel overwhelmed, unstable, or emotionally shut down.
With regular practice of meditation:
1. Anxiety decreases
2. Emotional stability improves
3. Creativity increases
4. Happiness increases
5. Intuition develops
6. Gain clarity and peace of mind
7. Problems become smaller
 8. Meditation sharpens the mind by gaining focus and expands
through relaxation
9. A sharp mind without expansion causes tension, anger and
frustration
10. An expanded consciousness without sharpness can lead to lack of
action/progress
11. The balance of a sharp mind and an expanded consciousness
brings perfection Meditation makes you aware - that your inner
attitude determines your happiness.
Yoga improves mind-body co-ordination by increasing physical
tone and awareness while improves mind and breathe control.
Meditation has being proven to reduce anxiety, stress and muscular
tension.

Demonstration method :

(1) The demonstration should be done in a simple way.

(2) In this strategy, attention is paid to all students.

(3) Goals and objections of demonstration are very clear.

(4) It is a well-planned strategy.

(5) Time is given for rehearsal before the demonstration.

Steps of Demonstration method :

There are six steps of demonstration process.

(1) Planning and preparation

Proper planning is required for good demonstration. For this

following points should be kept in mind.

 Through the preparation of subject matter.

  lesson planning
 collection of material related to the demonstration.
 rehearsal of demonstration.

In order to ensure the success of demonstration, the teacher should

prepare lesson minutely and very seriously.

(2) Introducing the lesson

The teacher should motivate students and prepare them mentally for
the demonstration.

The teacher should introduce the lesson to students keeping in mind

the following things.

 individual differences
 Environment
 Experiences

The lesson can also be started with some simple and interesting
experiments. Very common event or some internal story.

The experiment should be able to hold the attention of students.

(3) Presentation of subject matter

– In demonstration presentation of subject matter is very important.

– The principle of reflecting thinking should be kept in mind.

– The teacher should teach the student in such a way that their
previous knowledge can be attached to their new knowledge.

4) Demonstration

-The performance in the demonstration table should be ideal for the

student.

-The demonstration should be neat and clean.

(5) Teaching Aids

-The teacher can use various teaching aids like models, blackboard,
graphs etc.during demonstration.

(6) Evaluation

-In this last step, evaluation of the whole demonstration should be

done, so that it can be made more effective.

Merits of demonstration method

(1) It helps a student in having a deeper understanding of the topic.

(2) It helps students remain active in teaching -learning process.

(3) It leads to permanent learning.

(4) It accounts for the principles of reflective thinking.

(5) It helps to create interest for topics among students.

(6) It helps in arousing the spirit of discovery among students.

(7) It imparts maximum learning to students.

Demerits :

(1) Students can not benefit with direct and personal experiences as
teacher carry out the demonstration.

(2) It can be costly as it requires costly materials.

(3) It can be a time-consuming method.

(4) It is not based on learning by doing.

(5) This method does not provide training for the scientific method.

(6) There is a lack of experienced teachers to carry out the

demonstration.