CONCLUSION

Triple integrals can be treated as a logical of multiple integrals. Instead of integrating a

function of two variable over an area, we are integrating a function of three variables over a
volume. One of the major applications of multiple integrals in engineering, particularly structures
and mechanics is the determination of properties of plane and solid bodies which is volume, mass,
centre of gravity and moment of inertia. An essential prerequisite to this topic is the ability to
obtain expressions for elemental areas and volumes in the various coordinate systems. This can be
done using a geometrical approach. Volume is probably the simplest property we are likely to be
interested in. it is evaluated by integrated the expression for an elemental volume over the body.

∭ 𝑑𝑉 = ∭ 𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥

𝑚
Recall the basic relationship density equals mass over volume, 𝜌 = . We can compute
𝑉

the mass by multiplying 𝜌 by the volume obtained through integration when the region is in solid
state. 𝑚 = 𝜌 ∭ 1𝑑𝑉. Now, suppose the density varies as a function of (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) : 𝜌 = 𝜌(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧).
Now, we have to consider a little arbitrary chunk of mass :

𝑚 = ∭ 𝜌 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)𝑑𝑉

Centre of mass and centre of gravity are the same, as long as gravity is constant. Additionally, if
the density is constant then the centre of mass coincides with the centroid.

𝑀𝑧 = ∭ 𝜌 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝑧 𝑑𝑉

𝑀𝑦 = ∭ 𝜌 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝑦 𝑑𝑉

𝑀𝑥 = ∭ 𝜌 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝑥 𝑑𝑉

Moment of inertia is a property which is fundamental to rotational behavior. It can be

thought as the rotational equivalent of mass. It is possible to calculate many different moments of
inertia for a body, the correct choice depending on which axis it is rotating. The moment of inertia
about an axis is the second moment of the mass about that axis 𝐼𝑥 = ∭(𝑦2 + 𝑧2 ) 𝜌 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝑑𝑉,
where y is the distance of an elemental volume from the axis. Then, the deflection need to be
determined so that structure will not have failure.

𝑃𝐿3
𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 =
48𝐸𝐼

The new deflection need to be compare with the previous one so that the result that will get is less
deflection than the previous one. .