16 Limits and Derivatives: Solutions

Chapter 16
Limits and Derivatives
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions (One option is correct)
sin 2 x 3x
1. Let lim  a and lim  b , then a + b equals
x 0 x x  0 tan x
(1) 5 (2) 6 (3) 0 (4) 4

Sol. Answer (1)
sin 2 x ⎛ sin 2 x ⎞
lim  lim ⎜ ⎟2  2
x 0 x x 0 ⎝ 2x ⎠
⇒ a=2
sin3 x ⎛ x ⎞
lim  3 lim ⎜ ⎟3
x 0 tan x x 0 ⎝ tan x ⎠
⇒ b=3
a+b=2+3=5
sin 2 x e2 x  1
2. Let lim  L1 and lim  L2 , then the value of L1L2 is
x 0 ⎛ x⎞ x 0 x
tan ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
(1) 4 (2) 8 (3) 6 (4) 2
Sol. Answer (2)
⎛ sin 2 x ⎞
⎜ ⎟ .2 x
L1 = lim ⎝ 2 x ⎠ 4
x 0 ⎛ ⎛ x ⎞⎞
⎜ tan ⎜ ⎟⎟ x
⎜ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎟
⎜ ⎛ x ⎞ ⎟ 2
⎜ ⎜ ⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎠
e2 x  1 ⎛ e2 x  1 ⎞
L2 = lim  lim ⎜ ⎟2  2
x 0 x x 0 ⎝ 2x ⎠
 L1L2 = 8
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84 Limits and Derivatives Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
2x  1 3x  1 ⎛ 6x  1⎞
3. lim  lim  lim ⎜ ⎟ equals
x 0 x x 0 x x 0
⎝ x ⎠
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 0 (4) 4

Sol. Answer (3)
2x  1 3x  1 6x  1
lim  lim  lim
x 0 x x 0 x x 0 x
= log 2 + log 3 – log 6
⎛ 6⎞
= log ⎜ ⎟  log1  0
⎝ 6⎠
log(1  2 x ) x 4  24
4. lim  lim equals
x 0 x x 2 x  2
(1) 30 (2) 32 (3) 35 (4) 34

Sol. Answer (4)
log(1  2 x ) x 4  24
lim  lim
x 0 x x 2 x  2
⎛ log(1  2 x ) ⎞ 3
= lim ⎜ ⎟  2  lim 4  x
x 0 ⎝ 2x ⎠ x 2
= 2 + 32 = 34
sin x log x
5. lim  lim equals
x  x x  x
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 3 (4) 
Sol. Answer (1)
sin x log x
lim  lim =0+0=0
x  x x  x
6. lim
x 
 
x  1  x equals
(1)  (2) 0 (3) –1 (4) 1

Sol. Answer (2)
lim x 1 x
x 
( x 1 x) ( x 1 x)
= lim
x  x 1 x
(x  1 x) 1
= xlim  lim
 x 1 x x  x 1 x
1
= 0

Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Limits and Derivatives 85
2x – 1
7. Lt 
x 0 1 x – 1
loge 2
(1) 2 (2) loge2 (3) (4) 2 loge2
2
Sol. Answer (4)
2x  1 ⎛0⎞
lim from ⎜ ⎟
x 0 1 x  1 ⎝0⎠
Using L’ Hospital Rule, we get
2 x log2
lim
x 0 1
(1  x )1/2 = 2 log 2
2
Aliter :
2x  1 2x  1 x 1 x  1
lim  lim   = log2 lim ( 1  x  1)  2log2
x 0 1 x  1 x 0 x 1 x  1 1 x  1 x 0
⎛ ⎞
8. lim ⎜ sec x ⎟ .ln x is equal to
x 1 ⎝ 2 ⎠
 2 2 
(1) (2)  (3) (4)
2  ln 2  ln 2 ln 2
Sol. Answer (3)

lim sec .ln x
x 1 2x
ln x
= lim
x 1 
cos x
2
1
x
= xlim
1  1
(  ) sin . ln 2( 1)
2x 2x
1
=  1
 sin   ln 2
2 2
2
=
 ln 2
sin2 x
9. lim is
x 0 2  4x
(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 8 (4) 0
Sol. Answer (3)
sin2 x (2  4  x )
lim 
x 0 2  4x (2  4  x )
sin 2 x  (2  4  x )
 lim
x 0 (4  4  x )
sin2 x  2  4  x
 lim
x 0 2x
2
2 4x
 lim
x 0 1
2
 8
1  cos x
10. lim equals to
x 0
x x2
1 1
(1) (2)  (3) 0 (4) Does not exist
2 2
Sol. Answer (4)
x
2sin2
lim 2
x 0 x | x |
Now,
n
2 sin2
lim 2
x 0  x2
x
2sin2
 lim  2
x 0  x2
4
4
1
 
2
x
2 sin2
and lim 2
x 0 x2
1

2
Does not exist.
11. lim  ( x cot x )  ( x log x ) equals

x 0
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 0

Sol. Answer (1)
lim x cot x  lim x log x

x 0 x 0
x log x
= lim  lim
x 0 tan x x 0 ⎛ 1 ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎝ x ⎠
⎛ 1⎞
x ⎜ ⎟
lim  lim ⎝ x ⎠  1  lim (  x )
= x 0
tan x x 0 ⎛ 1 ⎞ x 0
⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ x ⎠
=1+0=1
⎛1 ⎞
12. The value of lim ⎜  cot x ⎟ equals
x 0 ⎝ x ⎠
(1) 1 (2) –1 (3) 2 (4) 0

Sol. Answer (4)
⎛ 1 ⎞
lim ⎜  cot x ⎟
x 0 ⎝x ⎠
⎛ 1 1 ⎞
= lim ⎜  ⎟
x 0 ⎝ x tan x ⎠
tan x  x
= lim
x 0 x tan x
sec 2 x  1
= lim
x 0 x sec 2 x  tan x
2 sec x sec x tan x

= xlim
0 x (2sec x sec x tan x )  sec 2 x  sec 2 x
0
= lim 0
x 0 2
⎛ 4 ⎛ 1⎞ 2⎞
⎜ x sin ⎜⎝ x ⎟⎠  x ⎟
13. lim ⎜ ⎟ equals
x 
⎜ 1  | x |3 ⎟
⎜⎝ ⎟⎠
(1) –1 (2) 1 (3) 0 (4) 2
Sol. Answer (1)
⎛ 4 ⎛ 1⎞ 2 ⎞
⎜ x sin ⎜ ⎟  x ⎟
lim ⎜ ⎝ x ⎠ ⎟
x  ⎜ 1  | x |3 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛ 4 ⎛ 1⎞ 2 ⎞
⎜ x sin ⎜ ⎟  x ⎟
⎝ x ⎠
= lim ⎜ ⎟
x  ⎝ 1 x3 ⎠
⎛ 1⎞
x 2 sin ⎜ ⎟  1
= lim ⎝ x ⎠
x  1
x
x2
⎛ 1⎞ 1
x sin ⎜ ⎟ 
= lim ⎝ x ⎠ x
x  1
1
x3
⎛ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎞
⎜ sin ⎜ ⎟ 1 ⎟
⎜ ⎝ x ⎠ ⎟
⎜ ⎛ 1⎞ x ⎟
⎜ ⎜ ⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝ x ⎠ ⎠  1
= lim
x  1
1
x3
sin x n
14. m, n I+, then lim equals
x 0 (sin x )m
n
(1) 1, if n < m (2) 0, if n = m (3) (4) 0, if n > m
m
Sol. Answer (4)
Given m, n  I 
⎛ sin x n ⎞ n
⎜⎜ ⎟x
sin x n ⎝ x n ⎟⎠ n m
Now, lim = lim = lim x  0 for n > m.
x 0 (sin x )m x 0 sin x m x  0
⎛ ⎞ m
⎜ x ⎟ .x
⎝ ⎠
(1  x  x 2 )
15. lim is equal to
x  (ln x )3
(1) 2 (2) e2 (3) e–2 (4) 
Sol. Answer (4)
1 x  x2
lim
x  (log x )3
1  2x x  2x 2 1 (1  4 x )x 1 1 8x
lim = lim = lim = lim 
x  1 x  3(ln x )2 3 x  2(ln x ) 6 x  1
3(ln x )2 .
x x
x
⎛ x 3⎞
16. For x  R, lim ⎜ ⎟ equals
x ⎝ x  2 ⎠
(1) e (2) e–1 (3) e–5 (4) e5

Sol. Answer (3)
5
lim
x ⎛ x 3 ⎞ 5. x x  2
1⎟ x
⎛ x 3⎞ lim ⎜ lim 1
lim ⎜  e x  ⎝ x  2 ⎠ = e x  x  2 = e x  e 5
x  ⎝x  2 ⎟⎠
1
⎛ 4x  9x ⎞x
17. lim ⎜ ⎟ equals
x 0⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
(1) 2 (2) 6 (3) 16 (4) 112

Sol. Answer (2)
1 ⎛ 4x  9x ⎞1 ⎛ 4x  9x  2 ⎞
lim ⎜ 1⎟. lim ⎜ ⎟⎟
⎛ 4x  9x ⎞x x  0⎜ 2 ⎟x x  0⎜ 2x
lim ⎜ ⎟⎟ = e ⎝ ⎠  e ⎝ ⎠
x0 ⎜ 2
⎝ ⎠
4 x log 4  9 x log 9
lim
= e x 0 2
⎛ log 4  log9 ⎞
⎜ ⎟
= e⎝ 2 ⎠  eloge 6  6
2x
a b ⎞
18. If Lt ⎛⎜ 1    e 2 , then the values of a and b are
x  ⎝ x x 2 ⎟⎠
(1) a  R, b  R (2) a = 1, b  R (3) a  R, b = 2 (4) a = 1, b = 2

Sol. Answer (2)
2x ⎛a b ⎞
⎛ a b ⎞ lim ⎜  2 ⎟.2 x
lim ⎜ 1   2 ⎟  e2  e x  ⎝x x ⎠
 e2
x  ⎝ x x ⎠
⎛a b ⎞ ⎛a b ⎞
 lim ⎜  2 ⎟ .2x  2  lim 2x ⎜  2 ⎟  2
x  ⎝ x x ⎠ x  ⎝x x ⎠
⎛ 2b ⎞
 lim ⎜ 2a  2  a  1, b  R
x  ⎝ x ⎟⎠
1
19. If ,  are roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, then Lt 1  ax 2  bx  c
x 
  x – is
(1) a( – ) (2) loge|a( – )| (3) ea( – ) (4) ea( + )

Sol. Answer (3)
1
lim (1  ax 2  bx  c ) x 
x 
1
lim ( ax 2  bx  c ).
x  ( x  )
= e
1
lim a( x  )( x  ).
x  ( x  )
= e
a(  )
= e
20. If Lt  cos x  a sin bx 

1/ x
 e 2 , then the values of a and b are
x 0
1
(1) a = 1, b = –2 (2) a  2 2, b  2 (3) a  2 2, b  (4) a = –2, b = 1
2
Sol. Answer (3)
1
lim (cos x  a sin bx ) x  e2
x 0
⎛ 1⎞
 lim (cos x  a sin bx  1) ⎜ ⎟  2
x 0 ⎝x⎠
⎛ x2 x4 x6 ⎞ ⎛ (bx )3 (bx )5 ⎞
⎜⎜ 1     ... ⎟⎟  a ⎜⎜ bx    ... ⎟⎟  1
2! 4! 6! 3! 5!
 lim ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
=2
x 0 x
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ ab3 ⎞
abx  x 2 ⎜  ⎟  x 3 ⎜⎜  ⎟⎟  ...
⎝ 2! ⎠ ⎝ 3! ⎠
 lim 2
x 0 x
 ab = 2
Hence option (3) is correct.
1
21. Let  and  be real and distinct root of ax2 + bx + c = 0 then lim [1  sin(ax 2  bx  c )] x  is
x 
(1) e   (2) e    (3) e a(   ) (4) e a(  )
Sol. Answer (3)
1
lim (1  sin(ax 2  bx  c )) x 
x 
⎛ sin( ax 2  bx  c ) ⎞ ⎛ sin( a( x  )( x  )) ⎞
lim ⎜ ⎟⎟ lim ⎜ ⎟
x  ⎜ x  ( x  )
= e ⎝ ⎠
= e
x  ⎝ ⎠
⎛ sin a( x  )( x  ) ⎞⎛ a( x  )( x  ) ⎞
lim ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
= e
x  ⎝ a( x  )( x  ) ⎠⎝ ( x  ) ⎠  ea(  )
xf (2) – 2f ( x )
22. Let f(2) = 4, f (2) = 4. Then Lt is
x 2 x–2
1
(1) – (2) – 2 (3) – 4 (4) 3
3
Sol. Answer (3)

It is given that f(2) = 4 and f (2) = 4,
xf (2)  2f ( x ) f (2)  2f '( x )

Now, lim = lim = f (2)  2f '(2)  4
x 2 x 2 x  2 1
2 – f (x)
23. If f(4) = 4, f (4) = 1, then lim is equal to
x 4 2– x
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) –1 (4) 2

Sol. Answer (2)
Given f(4) = 4, f (4) = 1
1
 f '( x )
2  f (x) 2 f (x) f '(4) 1
Now, lim  lim = . 4 = 2 1
x 4 2 x x 4 1 f (4) 2

2 x
f (1) · g ( x ) – f ( x ) · g (1) – f (1)  g (1)

24. If f(x) and g(x) be differentiable functions and f(1) = g(1) = 2 then xLt is equal
1 g( x ) – f ( x )
to
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) –1
Sol. Answer (3)
Given f(1), g(1) = 2
f (1).g ( x )  f ( x ).g (1)  f (1)  g (1)

Let y  lim
x 1 g( x )  f ( x )
By putting g (1)  f (1)  2 , we get
2g ( x )  2f ( x ) 2[g ( x )  f ( x )]
y  lim  lim 2
x 1 g( x )  f ( x ) x 1 (g ( x )  f ( x ))
1– cos(ax 2  bx  c )
25. Let  and  be the distinct roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, then Lt is equal to
x  ( x –  )2
1 a2 a2
(1) (  – ) 2 (2) – (  – ) 2 (3) 0 (4) (  – ) 2
2 2 2
Sol. Answer (4)
Since ,  are the roots of ax 2  bx  c  0
 ax 2  bx  c = a( x   )( x  )
1  cos(ax 2  bx  c )
Now, lim
x  ( x   )2
1
2sin2 (ax 2  bx  c )
2
= lim
x  ( x   )2
⎛1 ⎞
2sin2 ⎜ a( x   )( x  ) ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
= lim
x  ( x   )2
2
⎛ ⎛a ⎞⎞
2 ⎜ sin ⎜ ( x   )( x  ) ⎟ ⎟ 2
⎝ ⎝2 ⎠⎠ ⎛ a
   
⎞ 1
= xlim 2 ⎜ ( x )( x ) ⎟ .

⎛a ⎞ ⎝2 ⎠ ( x   )2
⎜ 2 ( x   )( x  ) ⎟
⎝ ⎠
a2
2. ( x   )2 ( x  )2
4
= xlim
 ( x   )2
a2
= (  )2
2
1  cos 2 (cx 2  bx  a )
26. If  and  be the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 then lim
x
1 4(1  x )2

c ⎛ 1 1⎞ c ⎛ 1 1⎞ c ⎛ 1 1⎞
⎜  ⎟ ⎜  ⎟ ⎜  ⎟
2 ⎜⎝   ⎟⎠
(1) Does not exist (2) Equals (3) Equals (4) Equals
2 ⎜⎝   ⎟⎠ 2 ⎜⎝   ⎟⎠
Sol. Answer (3)

.. . ,  are root of ax 2  bx  c  0
1 1
 , are roots of cx 2  bx  a  0
 
1  cos2 (cx 2  bx  a )
Now, lim
x
1 4(1  x )2

| sin(cx 2  bx  a ) |
= lim
x
1 2 | 1  x |

sin(cx 2  bx  a ) (cx 2  bx  a )
= lim .
x
1 (cx 2  bx  a ) 2 | 1  x |

cx 2  bx  a
= lim
x
1 2(1  x )

1
Let y   y
x
cx 2  bx  a
lim
x
1 2(1  x )

c  by  ay 2
= ylim
 2y ( y   )
a( y   )( y  ) a(   )
= lim 
y  2y ( y   ) 2
c c
But    a
a 
a(  ) c (   ) c ⎛ 1 1⎞
Hence = 2()  2 ⎜    ⎟
2 ⎝ ⎠
1
27. If 0 <  <  then lim ( n   n ) n is equal to
n
(1)  (2)  (3)  (4) e

Sol. Answer (2)
1
⎛ ⎛  ⎞n ⎞ n
lim p ⎜ 1  ⎜ ⎟ ⎟
n  ⎜  ⎟
⎝ ⎝ ⎠ ⎠
=  (1 + 0) (∵ 0 <  < )
=
1 1 1
28. Let Sn     .....to n terms then lim Sn is equal to
1.4 4.7 7.10 n 
1 1
(1) (2) 3 (3) (4) 
3 4
Sol. Answer (1)
1⎡ 3 3 3 ⎤
lim Sn  lim ⎢1.4  4.7  7.10  ...⎥
n  n  3 ⎣ ⎦
1 ⎡⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1 1⎞ ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎤
lim ⎢⎜ 1  ⎟  ⎜  ⎟  ⎜ 
= n ⎟  ....⎥
3 ⎣⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 7 ⎠ ⎝ 7 10 ⎠ ⎦
1 1
= lim 1 
n 3 3
= lim Sn
n 
1
= lim 1
n 3
1
=
3
n
r
29. Let t r 
1 r 2  r 4
, then lim
n 
∑t
r 1
r
equals
1 1 1
(1) (2) 1 (3) (4)
2 4 3
Sol. Answer (1)
r r r
tr  = =
1 r  r2 4 4 2
r  r  1 r  r 2 2 (r  1)2  r 2
2
2r
tr 
2(r 2  r  1)(r 2  r  1)
1 (r 2  r  1)  (r 2  r  1)
tr 
2 (r 2  r  1)(r 2  r  1)
1⎡ 1 1 ⎤
tr  
2 ⎢⎣ r 2  r  1 r 2  r  1⎥⎦
1 ⎡ 1⎤
t1  1
2 ⎢⎣ 3 ⎥⎦
1 ⎡ 1 1⎤
t2  
2 ⎢⎣ 3 7 ⎥⎦
1 ⎡1 1 ⎤
t3  
2 ⎢⎣ 7 13 ⎥⎦
.
.
.
1⎡ 1 1 ⎤
tn  
2 ⎢⎣ n2  n  1 n2  n  1⎥⎦
n
1
Sn  ∑ t r  t1  t 2  t3  ...t n  1 
2
r 1 n  n 1
1⎡ 1⎤ 1
lim Sn  ⎢1 ⎥ 
n  2 ⎣ ⎦ 2
x x x
30. lim cos cos ..... cos n equals
n  2 4 2
sin x x
(1) 1 (2) (3) (4) cosx
x sin x
Sol. Answer (2)
x x ⎛ x ⎞
lim cos .cos ....cos ⎜ n ⎟
n  2 4 ⎝2 ⎠
⎛ x ⎞ ⎛ x ⎞ ⎛x⎞ ⎡ n 1 sin(2n A) ⎤
= nlim cos ⎜ n ⎟ .cos ⎜ n 1 ⎟ ....cos ⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎢using cos A cos 2 A.cos 4 A....cos(e A)  n ⎥
 ⎝2 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎢⎣ 2 sin A ⎥⎦
⎛ ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎛ x n⎞ ⎟
⎜ sin ⎜ 2n .2 ⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
= lim ⎜ ⎟
n  ⎜ ⎛ x ⎞ ⎟
⎜ n ⎜ n⎟ x
⎝ 2 ⎠ .⎛ ⎞⎟
⎜ 2 sin ⎜ ⎟⎟
⎜ ⎛ x ⎞ ⎝ 2n ⎠⎟
⎜ ⎜ ⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝ 2n ⎠ ⎠
sin x sin x
= lim =
n  1 x  1 x
⎛ 1  1  1 ⎞
31. lim ⎜ tan   tan  2 tan 2  .....  n tan n ⎟ equals
n ⎝ 2 2 2 2 2 2 ⎠
1 1
(1) (2)  2 cot 2 (3) 2 cot 2 (4) 2 tan2 
 
Sol. Answer (2)
⎛ 1  1 ⎛  ⎞ 1 ⎛  ⎞⎞
lim ⎜ tan   tan  2 tan ⎜ 2 ⎟  ... n tan ⎜ n ⎟ ⎟
x ⎝ 2 2 2 2
⎝ ⎠ 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠
1 ⎛ ⎛  ⎞ ⎛  ⎞ ⎞
= lim n ⎜
tan ⎜ n ⎟  2 tan ⎜ n 1 ⎟  ....2n tan  ⎟
n  2 ⎝ ⎝2 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎠ ⎠
1 ⎛ ⎛  ⎞ n 1 ⎞
= nlim ⎜ cot ⎜ n ⎟  2 cot 2 ⎟
 2n ⎝ ⎝2 ⎠ ⎠
⎛  ⎞
cot ⎜ n ⎟
= lim ⎝ 2 ⎠  lim 2cot 2
n  2n n 
1 
= nlim .  2cot 2
 ⎛ ⎛  ⎞⎞ n 
⎜ tan ⎜ n ⎟ ⎟ .2
⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠
⎛  ⎞
⎜ n⎟ 1 1
⎝2 ⎠ .  2cot 2 =  2cot 2
= lim
n  ⎛  ⎞  
tan ⎜ n ⎟
⎝2 ⎠
⎛ [ x ]3 ⎡ x ⎤ 3 ⎞
32. Lt  ⎜ – ⎢ ⎥ ⎟ is, where [x] represents the integral part of x
x 2 ⎜ 3 ⎣ 3 ⎦ ⎟⎠
⎝
64 8 3
(1) 0 (2) (3) (4)
27 3 8
Sol. Answer (3)
⎡ [ x ]3 ⎡ x ⎤ 3 ⎤ ⎡ [2  h]3 ⎡ 2  h ⎤ 3 ⎤ ⎡ 23 ⎤ 8
lim ⎢  ⎢ ⎥ ⎥ = lim ⎢ ⎢ ⎥ ⎥  lim ⎢  0 ⎥ 
x 2 ⎢ 3 ⎣ 3 ⎦ ⎦⎥ ⎣ 3 ⎣ 3 ⎦ ⎦⎥ h 0 ⎣⎢ 3 ⎦⎥ 3
h 0 ⎢
⎣
{x}
33. If {x} denotes the fractional part of x, then lim is equal to
x0 tan{ x }
(1) 1 (2) 0 (3) –1 (4) Limit doesn't exist

Sol. Answer (4)
R.H.L. at (x = 0)
{0  h} h
= hlim  lim 1
0 tan{0  h } h 0 tan h
L.H.L. at (x = 0)
{ h } ( h )  [ h ] 1
= hlim  lim = lim  cot1
0 tan{ h } h 0 tan(( h )  [ h]) h0 tan1
Since R.H.L.  L.H.L., hence limit does not exist.
x 2  9 x  20
34. lim is equal to ([] represent greatest integer function)
x5 x  [x]
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) Not define

Sol. Answer (2)
35. If lim [1  x ln(1  b 2 )]1/ x  2b sin2  , b > 0 and   (–, ], then the value of  is [IIT-JEE 2011]
x 0
   
(1)  (2)  (3)  (4) 
4 3 6 2
Sol. Answer (4)
We have,
1
lim ⎡⎣1  x ln(1  b 2 )⎤⎦ x  2b sin2  , b > 0 and   (– , )
x 0
x ln(1  b 2 )
lim
 e x 0 x  2b sin2 
 1 + b2 = 2bsin2  2b
But 1 + b2  2b, by A.M.-G.M. inequality.
Hence sin = ± 1

 
2
⎛ x2  x  1 ⎞
36. If lim ⎜  ax  b ⎟  4 , then [IIT-JEE 2012]
x 
⎝ x  1 ⎠
(1) a = 1, b = 4 (2) a = 1, b = – 4 (3) a = 2, b = – 3 (4) a = 2, b = 3

Sol. Answer (2)
lim
x 2

 x  1 – ax  x  1 – b  x  1
4
Here, x x 1
x 2 1 – a   x 1 – a – b   1 – b
 lim 4
x x 1
This is possible iff

1–a=0  a=1
and 1 – a – b = 4 b = – 4
37. Let (a) and (a) be the roots of the equation
( 3 1  a  1)x 2  ( 1  a  1)x  ( 6 1  a  1)  0 where a > –1.
Then alim (a ) and lim (a ) are [IIT-JEE 2012]

 0 a 0
5 1 7 9
(1)  and 1 (2)  and –1 (3)  and 2 (4)  and 3
2 2 2 2
Sol. Answer (2)
Let alim  (a )  ; lim (a )  

0 a 0 
⎧ 1 ⎫
⎪ (1  a ) 2  1⎪ 3
as,     lim  ⎨ 1 ⎬
a 0 ⎪ ⎪ 2
⎩ (1  a )  1⎭
3
1
(1  a ) 6  1 1
also,   lim 1

a 0  2
(1  a ) 3 1
1
Therefore,   ,   1
2
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions (More than one options are correct)
( x  1)
1. Let f ( x )  then
(2 x 2  7 x  5)
1 1
(1) lim f ( x )   (2) lim f ( x )   (3) lim f ( x )  0 (4) lim f ( x ) does not exist
x 1 3 x 0 5 x 
x
5
2
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)
x 1 ( x  1) ( x  1)
f (x)  = =
2
2x  7 x  5 2
2x  2x  5 x  5 (2x  5)( x  1)
( x  1) 1
f (x)   if x  1
(2 x  5)( x  1) 2 x  5
1 1
(1) lim 
x 1 2 x 5 3
1 1
(2) lim 
x 0 2 x 5 5
1
(3) lim 0
x 
⎛5 ⎞ 1
(4) hlim f ⎜  h ⎟  lim 
0 ⎝ 2 ⎠ h  0 ⎛ 5 ⎞
2⎜  h ⎟  5
⎝2 ⎠
⎛5 ⎞ 1
lim f ⎜  h ⎟  lim  
h 0 ⎝ 2 ⎠ h  0 ⎛ 5 ⎞ .
2⎜  h ⎟  5
⎝2 ⎠
5
Hence limit at x  does not exist.
2
b
2. lim (1  ax ) x  e 2 , where a, b N, then the value of (a, b) is
x 0
(1) (16, 8) (2) (8, 4) (3) (2, 1) (4) (1, 2)

Sol. Answer (3, 4)
b b
lim (1 ax 1)
lim (1  ax ) x  e 2  e x 0 x  e2
x 0
 ab = 2, and a, b  N
 either a = 1, b = 2
or a = 2, b = 1
1
3. If lim (cos x  a sin bx ) x  e 2 , then (a, b) is equal to
x 0
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
(1) (1, 2) (2) ⎜ 2, ⎟ (3) ⎜⎜ 2 3 , ⎟
⎟ (4) (4, 2)
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 3⎠
Sol. Answer (1, 3)
1
lim (cos x  a sin bx ) x  e 2
x 0
(cos x  a sin bx 1)

lim
= e x 0 x  e2
cos x  a sin bx  1
= lim 2
x 0 x
 sin x  ab cos bx
 lim  2 (using L-Hospital rule)
x 0 1
 ab = 2, options (1) and (3) satisfies this relation.
f (x) x (1  p cos x )  q sin x

4. Let lim  1 and lim  1 then
x 0 x x 0 (f ( x ))3
5 3
(1) p   (2) q   (3) 2( p 2  q 2 )  17 (4) ( p 2  q 2 )  4
2 2
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)
f (x)
lim 1
x 0 x
x(1  p cos x )  q sin x

= lim 1
x 0 (f ( x ))3
⎛ ⎛ x2 x4 x6 ⎞⎞ ⎛ x3 x5 x7 ⎞
x ⎜ 1  p ⎜⎜ 1     ... ⎟⎟ ⎟  q ⎜⎜ x    ... ⎟
⎜
⎝ ⎝ 2! 4! 6! ⎠⎠
⎟
⎝ 3! 5! 7! ⎟⎠
= lim 3
1
x 0
3 ⎛ f (x) ⎞
x .⎜ ⎟
⎝ x ⎠
⎛ px 2 px 4 ⎞ ⎛ x3 x5 ⎞
x ⎜⎜ 1  p   ... ⎟⎟  q ⎜⎜ x   ... ⎟
⎝ 2! 4! ⎠ ⎝ 3! 5! ⎟⎠
= lim 3
1
x 0
3 ⎛ f (x) ⎞
x ⎜ ⎟
⎝ x ⎠
⎛ px 2 px 4 ⎞ ⎛ x2 x4 ⎞
⎜⎜ 1  p   ... ⎟⎟  q ⎜⎜ 1   ... ⎟
⎝ 2! 4! ⎠ ⎝ 3! 5! ⎟⎠ ⎛ f (x) ⎞
= lim 1 ⎜∵ xlim  1⎟
x 0 x2 ⎝  0 x ⎠
1 p  q  0 … (i)
p q
  1 … (ii)
2 6
By (i) and (ii)
5 3
p   ,q  
2 2
 2( p2  q 2 )  17 and ( p2  q 2 )  4
f (3  x 2 )  f ( 3  x 2 )
5.  g ( x ) where f (x) = 3 for every x, then
3 sin 2 x
(1) lim g ( x )  2 (2) lim g ( x )  2

x 0  x 0 
(3) lim g ( x )  2 (4) lim g ( x ) does not exists

x 0 x0
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3)
f (3  h 2 )  f (3  h 2 )
(1) lim g ( x )  lim g (0  h )  lim
x 0 h 0 h 0 3 sin2 h
f '(3  h2 )(2h )  f '(3  h2 )( 2h )

= hlim
0 6 sin h cos h
f '(3  h 2 )  f '(3  h 2 ) f '(3)  f '(3) 6

= lim =  2
h 0 ⎛ sin h ⎞ 3 3
3⎜ ⎟ .cos h
⎝ h ⎠
f (3  h 2 )  f (3  h 2 )
(2) lim g ( x )  lim g (0  h ) = lim 2
x 0 h 0 h 0 3 sin2 h
(3) lim g ( x )  lim g ( x )  lim g ( x )  2

x 0 x 0 x 0
6. Let f(x) = [x] and [ ] represents the greatest integer function, then
(1) lim f ( x )  1 (2) lim f ( x )  2007

x 1 x 2008 
(3) lim f ( x )  2008 ; K  (2008, 2009) (4) lim x  [x]  1

x K x 2008 
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)
(1) lim f ( x )  lim [1  h]  1

x 1 h 0
(2) lim f ( x )  lim [2008  h]  2007

x 2008 h 0
(3) lim f ( x )  lim [k  h]  2008 , as k  (2008, 2009)

x k h 0
(4) lim ( x  [ x ])  lim {(2008  h)  [2008  h]}  2008  2007  1

x 2008 h 0
[ x ]  [sin x ] 1
7. Let f ( x )  and g ( x )  and [ ] represents the greatest integer function, then
1  sin[cos x ] f (x)
1
(1) lim f ( x ) exists (2) lim exists (3) lim g ( x ) does not exists (4) lim f ( x )  0
x0 x0 g( x ) x0 x 0
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)

[ x ]  [sin x ]
f (x) 
1  sin[cos x ]
[0  h]  [sin(0  h)] 00

(1) lim f ( x )  lim f (0  h)  lim = lim 0
x 0 h 0 h 0 1  sin[cos(0  h)] h0 1  0
[0  h]  [sin(0  h)] 1  ( 1)

lim f ( x )  lim f (0  h)  lim = lim 0
x 0 h 0 h 0 1  sin[cos(0  h )] h0 1  0
Hence xlim
0
f ( x ) exist.
1
(2) xlim  lim f ( x ) , hence limits exist.
0 g ( x ) x 0
1  sin[cos(0  h )] 1 0
(3) lim g ( x )  lim g (0  h) = lim  
x 0  h 0 h 0 [0  h]  [sin(0  h)] 0  0
Hence xlim
0
g ( x ) does not exist, whatever may be the value of left hand limit.
(4) xlim f (x)  0

0
dy
8. If y  tan x tan 2 x tan 3 x, then equals
dx
(1) 3sec23x tanx tan2x + 2sec22x tan3x tanx + sec2x tan2x tan3x
(2) 2y(cosec2x + 2 cosec 4x + 3 cosec 6x)
(3) 3sec23x – 2sec22x – sec2x
(4) sec2x + 2sec22x + 3sec23x
y  tan x.tan 2 x.tan3 x

dy
 sec 2 x tan 2 x tan3 x  (tan x )(2 sec 2 2 x ).(tan3 x )  3(sec 2 3 x )(tan x )(tan 2 x )
dx
⎡ sec 2 x sec 2 2 x sec 2 3 x ⎤

= tan x tan2 x tan3 x ⎢   ⎥
⎣⎢ tan x tan2 x tan3 x ⎦⎥
= y[2 cosec 2x + 4 cosec 4x + 6cosec 6x]

= 2y[cosec 2x + 2cosec 4x + 3cosec 6x]
tan x  tan 2 x
Also tan3 x 
1  tan x tan 2 x
 tan3 x  tan x.tan 2 x tan3 x  tan x  tan 2 x
 tan x tan 2 x tan3 x  tan 3 x  tan 2 x  tan x
d
(tan x tan 2 x tan3 x )  3 sec 2 3 x  2 sec 2 2 x  sec 2 x
dx
9. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?
ax  xa
(1) lim  1 then a is 1
x a x x  aa
(2) lim log( n 1) n  logn (n  1)  log( n 1) (n  2).....log( n5 1) n 5  5

n 
(3) lim log x 2 1

x 0
x 1
 
x2  1  x  1
x2
(4) lim  0 , when (x, y)  (0, 0) along the curve y2 = x3
x 0 y
y 0
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)
ax  xa a x log a  ax a 1 aa log a  aa log a  1

(1) lim = xlim x
 a = 1  log a
x a x
x a a a x (1  log x ) a (1  log a )
log a  1
If 1  log a  1
 log a  1  1  log a
2 log a  0  a =1
(2) lim log( n 1) n  logn (n  1)  log( n 1) (n  2).....log( n5 1) n 5

n 
log n log(n  1) log(n  2) log n 5

lim .
= n  log(n  1) log n . ...
log(n  1) log(n 5  1)
5log n
lim 5
n  log( n  1)
(3) lim log⎛ x 2 1⎞

x 0 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
 x2  1  x 
⎝ x 1 ⎠
log( x 2  1  x )
= xlim
0 ⎛ x 2  1⎞
log ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ x 1 ⎠
1 ⎛ x ⎞
.⎜  1⎟
⎜ ⎟
x2  1  x ⎝ x2  1 ⎠
 lim
x 0 ⎛ 2x 1 ⎞
⎜ 2 
⎝ x 1 x  1 ⎟⎠
⎛⎛ 1 x  1 x2 ⎞⎞
⎜⎜ , ⎟⎟
⎜ ⎜ x2  1  x 1 x2 ⎟⎟ 1
lim ⎜ ⎝ ⎠⎟  1
x 0 ⎜ 2x 1 ⎟ 1

⎜ x 1 x 1
2 ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
2
(4) lim x  0 , when ( x, y )  (0, 0)
x 0 y
y 0
x2 x2
lim  lim  lim x  0
x 0
x3 x 0 x 3/2 x 0
10. The real valued function f1(x), f2(x), f3(x) and f4(x) are defined as
⎧x 2, 0  x  1 f2 ( x )  f1(  x )
⎪
f1( x )  ⎨ 1, x  1 and f3 ( x )  f2 (  x )
⎪0, otherwise f 4 ( x )  f3 (  x )
⎩
Then
(1) f1( x )f2 ( x )  0  x  R (2) f2 ( x )f3 ( x )  0  x  R
(3) f3 ( x )f4 ( x )  0  x  R (4) f1( x )f2 ( x )  f3 ( x )f4 ( x )
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)
⎧x 2 , 0  x  1
⎪
f1( x )  ⎨ 1 , x 1
⎪ 0 , otherwise
⎩
⎧x 2 , 0   x  1 ⎧x 2 ,  1  x  0
⎪ ⎪
f1(  x )  ⎨ 1 ,  x 1 1 , x  1
= ⎨
⎪ 0 , otherwise ⎪ 0 , otherwise
⎩ ⎩
Hence three cases arises

(i) If x  1
Then f1( x )  0 , f1(  x )  1
 f1( x ).f1(  x )  0
 f1( x )f2 ( x )  0
(ii) If 1  x  0
f1( x )  0
f2 ( x )  f1(  x )  x 2
 f1( x ).f2 ( x )  0
(iii) If 0  x  1
f1( x )  x 2
f1(  x )  0
 f1( x )f2 ( x )  0
The same condition may be applied for f2 (  x ) and f3 (  x )
Hence f2 ( x )f2 (  x )  0  f2 ( x )f3 ( x )  0
And f3 ( x )f3 (  x )  0  f3 ( x )f4 ( x )  0
or f1( x )f2 ( x )  f3 ( x )f4 ( x )
1⎧ 2 9 ⎫
11. If f (n  1)  ⎨f (n  1)  ⎬ , n  N and f(n) > 0 for all n  N, then lim f (n ) will be equal to if it exists
2⎩ f (n ) ⎭ n 
1
(1) 3 (2) –3 (3) (4) None of these
2
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
If lim f ( x )  L
x 
2
Then lim f ( x  1)  L
x 
lim f ( x  1)  L
x 
1⎛ 9⎞
Here L  L ⎟
2 ⎜⎝ L⎠
1L 9

2 2L
L2  9
L=±3
⎛ ⎞
12. lim x 2 sin ⎜ log cos ⎟ 
x  ⎜ x ⎟⎠
⎝
2 2 2 2
(1) (2)  (3) (4) 
4 4 8 8
Sol. Answer (2)
⎛ ⎞
x 2 sin ⎜⎜ log cos ⎟⎟
⎝ x⎠ 
lim log cos
x   
log cos
x
2 
= lim x log cos
x  x

log cos
x 0
= xlim 1
form
 0
x2
1
1 1⎛ ⎞2 ⎛  ⎞
⎜ cos ⎟ sin ⎜  2 ⎟
 2⎝ x⎠ x⎝ x ⎠
cos
x
= lim
x  2
 3
x
2
= 
4
x2
1 cos x cos 
13. lim
x 0 x 2 ∫ 1  sin2 
d  equals to
0
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) –1 (4) Does not exist

Sol. Answer (2)
x2
cos x cos 
∫ 1  sin2 
dv
0
0
lim 2
form
x 0 x 0
cos2 x
2
.2 x
lim 1  sin x 1
x 0 2x
⎛ 1⎞
14. If f(n) is continuous in [0, 1] and f ⎜ ⎟  1 then nlim
⎝ 2⎠ 

f n  n2  n  is
1
(1) 1 (2) (3) –1 (4) Cannot be determine
2
Sol. Answer (1)
lim f (n  n 2  n )
n 

= f ⎛⎜ lim n  n 2  n ⎞⎟
⎝ n  ⎠ 
⎛ n2  n2  n ⎞
= f ⎜ lim ⎟
n 
⎝ n  n2  n ⎠
⎛ 1⎞
= f ⎜ ⎟ 1
⎝2⎠
15. Let f : »  (0, ) and g : »  » be twice differentiable functions such that f  and g  are continuous
f ( x )g ( x )
functions on » . Suppose f (2)  g (2)  0 , f (2)  0 and g (2)  0 . If lim  1 , then
x  2 f ( x )g ( x )
[JEE(Advanced)-2016]
(1) f has a local minimum at x = 2 (2) f has a local maximum at x = 2
(3) f (2)  f (2) (4) f ( x )  f ( x )  0 for at least one x  »
Sol. Answer (1, 4)
f (2)  g (2)  0 f (2)  0
f ( x )g ( x ) 0
Given, lim 1 form we can apply L' Hospital rule
x  2 f ( x )g ( x ) 0
f ( x )g ( x )  f ( x )  g ( x )
lim
x  2 f ( x )g ( x )  g ( x )  f ( x )
f (2)g (2)  f (2)  g (2)

lim 1
x 2 f (2)g (2)  g (2)  f (2)
f (2)g (2)
lim 1
x 2 g (2)  f (2)
f (2)  f (2)
Option (4) is correct.
f (2) = positive from question range is positive
It is local minimum option (1) is correct.
x
⎛ n n ⎞n
⎜ n n ( x  n )( x  )...( x  ) ⎟
16. Let f ( x )  lim ⎜ 2 n
⎟ , for all x > 0. Then [JEE(Advanced)-2016]
n  ⎜ 2 2 2 n2 2 n2 ⎟
⎜ n !( x  n )( x  )...( x  ) ⎟
⎝ 4 n2 ⎠
f (3) f (2)
(1) f ⎛⎜ 1 ⎞⎟  f (1) (2) f ⎛⎜ 1 ⎞⎟  f ⎛⎜ 2 ⎞⎟ (3) f (2)  0 (4) 
⎝2⎠ ⎝3⎠ ⎝3⎠ f (3) f (2)
Sol. Answer (2, 3)

x
⎡ n ⎛ n ⎞⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n ⎞⎤n
⎢ n .( x  n ) ⎜ x  ⎟⎜ x  ⎟ .... ⎜ x  ⎟ ⎥
⎝ 2 ⎠⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ n ⎠⎥
f ( x )  lim ⎢
n  ⎢ ⎛ n ⎞
2
⎛ 2 n ⎞⎥
2
⎢ n !( x 2  n 2 ) ⎜ x 2  ⎟ ...... ⎜ x  2 ⎟ ⎥
⎣⎢ ⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ n ⎠ ⎦⎥
x
⎡ ⎤n
⎢ ⎛ ⎞⎛ ⎞⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞ ⎥
⎢ ⎜ 1 ⎟⎜ 1 ⎟⎜ 1 ⎟ ⎜ 1 ⎟ ⎥
⎢ ⎜x  ⎟⎜ x  ⎟⎜ x  ⎟ ..... ⎜ x  ⎟ ⎥
⎢ ⎜ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎟ ⎜ ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎟ ⎜ ⎛ 3 ⎞ ⎟ ⎜ ⎛ n ⎞ ⎟ ⎥
⎢ ⎜ ⎜ n ⎟ ⎟⎜ ⎜ n ⎟ ⎟⎜ ⎜n⎟⎟ ⎜ ⎜n⎟⎟ ⎥
⎝ ⎝ ⎠ ⎠⎝ ⎝ ⎠ ⎠⎝ ⎝ ⎠ ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ ⎠ ⎠
f ( x )  lim ⎢ ⎥
n 
⎢ ⎛ ⎞⎛ ⎛ ⎞⎥
⎞ ⎜ ⎟⎥
⎢⎛ 1 2 3 n ⎞ ⎜⎜ 2 1 ⎟⎟ ⎜ 2 1 ⎟ ⎜ x2  1 ⎟⎥
⎢⎜ . . ..... ⎟ x  ⎜ x  ⎟ .....
⎢⎝ n n n n ⎠⎜ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎟⎜ 4 ⎟
⎜ ⎛ n2 ⎞ ⎟⎥
⎢ ⎜ ⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎟ ⎜⎝ n ⎠2 ⎟ ⎜
⎜ ⎜ ⎟ ⎟⎟ ⎥
⎣ ⎝ ⎝n ⎠⎠ ⎝ ⎝n
2
⎠ ⎠⎦
⎡ ⎛ ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞ ⎞⎤
x ⎢ n ⎜ ⎜ 1 ⎟ ⎜ 1 ⎟ r ⎟⎥
log f ( x )  lim ⎢ ∑ ⎜ log ⎜ x  ⎟  log ⎜ x 2  2 ⎟  log ⎟ ⎥
n  n ⎢
r 1 ⎜ ⎜ r ⎟ ⎜ r ⎟ n ⎟⎥
⎢ ⎜ ⎜⎝ n⎠
⎟ ⎜
⎝ 2
n ⎠
⎟ ⎟⎥
⎣ ⎝ ⎠⎦
⎡1 ⎛ 1⎞
1
⎛ 1⎞
1
⎤
log f ( x )  x ⎢ ∫ log ⎜ x  ⎟ dt  ∫ log ⎜ x 2  2 ⎟ dt  ∫ log tdt ⎥
⎣0 ⎝ t⎠ 0 ⎝ t ⎠ 0 ⎦
⎛ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎞
1 ⎜ ⎜x  ⎟ ⎟
 x ∫ log ⎜ ⎝
t⎠ ⎟
dt
⎜⎛ 2 1 ⎞ ⎟
0
⎜⎜ x  ⎟ .t
⎝⎝ t 2 ⎠ ⎟⎠
1
⎛ tx  1 ⎞
 x ∫ log ⎜ 2 2 ⎟ dt
0 ⎝ t x  1⎠
Put tx = z  xdt = dz
x
⎛ 1 z ⎞
log f ( x )  ∫ log ⎜ 2 ⎟ dz
0 ⎝ 1 z ⎠
f ( x ) ⎛ 1 x ⎞
 log ⎜ 2 ⎟
f (x) ⎝ 1 x ⎠
for x  (0, 1), ln (1 + x) > ln (1 + x2)
and for x  (1, ) ln(1 + x) < ln(1 + x2)
So, f (x) > 0 for x  (0, 1)  f(x) is increasing
and f(x) < 0 for x  (1, )  f(x) is decreasing
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛2⎞
So, f ⎜ ⎟  f (1), f ⎜ ⎟  f ⎜ ⎟ , f (2)  0
⎝2⎠ ⎝3⎠ ⎝3⎠
f (3) ⎛2⎞ f (2) ⎛3⎞

 ln ⎜ ⎟ and  ln ⎜ ⎟
f (3) ⎝ ⎠
5 f (2) ⎝5⎠
f (2) f (3)
So, 
f (2) f (3)
17. Let [x] be the greatest integer less than or equals to x. Then, at which of the following point(s) the function
f(x) = x cos((x + [x])) is discontinuous? [JEE(Advanced)-2017]
(1) x = 1 (2) x = –1 (3) x = 0 (4) x = 2
f(x) = xcos((x + [x]))
⎧ x cos x,[ x ] is even

⎨
⎩  x cos x, [ x ] is odd
Clearly f(1+)  f(1), f(2+)  f(2), f(–1+)  f(–1–)
but f(0) = f(0+) = f(0) = 0 hence f is discontinuous at x = 1, –1, 2 but continuous at x = 0.
1  x(1  1  x ) ⎛ 1 ⎞
18. Let f ( x )  cos ⎜ for x  1. Then
⎝ 1  x ⎟⎠
1 x
(1) limx 1 f ( x )  0 (2) limx 1 f ( x )  0
(3) limx 1 f ( x ) does not exist (4) limx 1 f ( x ) does not exist
Sol. Answer (2, 3)
1  x (1  | 1  x |) ⎛ 1 ⎞
f (x)  cos ⎜ ⎟
| 1 x | ⎝ 1 x ⎠
1  x (1  x  1) ⎛ 1 ⎞
lim cos ⎜ ⎟
x 1 ( x  1) ⎝ 1 x ⎠
1 x2 ⎛ 1 ⎞
lim cos ⎜ ⎟
x 1 ( x  1) ⎝ 1 x ⎠
⎛ 1 ⎞
lim – (1  x )cos ⎜ ⎟ = a number lying between –2 and 2
x 1 ⎝ 1 x ⎠
Hence, limit does not exist.
1  x (1  (1  x )) ⎛ 1 ⎞
lim cos ⎜ ⎟
x 1 (1  x ) ⎝ 1 x ⎠
1  x (2  x ) ⎛ 1 ⎞
lim cos ⎜ ⎟
x 1 (1  x ) ⎝ 1 x ⎠
⎛ 1 ⎞
lim(1  x )cos ⎜ ⎟0
x 1 ⎝ 1 x ⎠
SECTION - C
Linked Comprehension Type Questions
Comprehension-I
A square is inscribed in a circle of radius R, a circle is inscribed in the square, a new square in the circle and so
on for n times.
1. Sum of the areas of all circles is
⎛ ⎛ 1 ⎞n ⎞ ⎛ ⎛ 1 ⎞n ⎞ ⎛ ⎛ 1 ⎞n ⎞ ⎛ ⎛ 1 ⎞n ⎞
(1) 4R 2 ⎜1  ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ (2) 2R 2 ⎜1  ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ (3) 3R 2 ⎜1  ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ (4) R 2 ⎜ 1  ⎜ ⎟ ⎟
⎜ ⎝2⎠ ⎟ ⎜ ⎝2⎠ ⎟ ⎜ ⎝3⎠ ⎟ ⎜ ⎝2⎠ ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
2. The limit of sum of areas of all the squares as n  is

(1) 2R 2 (2) 3R 2 (3) 4R 2 (4) 8R 2
3. The limit of sum of areas of all the circles as n 

(1) 2R 2 (2) 3R 2 (3) 4R 2 (4) 8R 2
Solution of Comprehension-I
C1
2
Radius of circle C1  R  Area ( A1 )  R C2
2R
Sides of the squares S1  R 2
2 S2
S1
R 2 R R 2
Radius of circle C2    A2 
2 2 2
R 2 R 2
Similarly A3  , A4  , ……
4 8
A = Sum of area = A1  A2  .... + An
2⎡ 1 1 ⎤
= R ⎢1    ....upto n terms ⎥
⎣ 2 4 ⎦
⎡ ⎛ 1 ⎞n ⎤
⎢1  ⎜ ⎟ ⎥ n
R 2⎢ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥  2R 2 ⎡1  ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎤
= ⎢ ⎜2⎟ ⎥
⎢ 1 ⎥
⎢ 1 ⎥ ⎣ ⎝ ⎠ ⎥⎦
⎢
2
⎣⎢ ⎦⎥
Let area of squares be B1, B2 , .....Bn
 B1  (R 2)2  2R 2
B2  R 2
R2
B3  …. and so on upto Bn.
2
Sum of area of squares = B1  B2  B3  ....Bn
R2
B = 2R 2  R 2   ....... upto n terms
2
⎡ 1 ⎤
= R 2 ⎢2  1   ....upto n terms ⎥
⎣ 2 ⎦
⎡ ⎛ 1⎞ n 1 ⎤ n 1
⎛ 1⎞
= R 2 ⎢ 2. ⎜ ⎟ ⎥  2R 2 ⎜ ⎟
⎢⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦ ⎝2⎠
n 1
2 ⎛ 1⎞
Now, lim B  lim 2R ⎜ ⎟  2R 2 .0  0
x  n  ⎝2⎠
⎡ ⎛ 1⎞ n⎤
lim 2R 2 ⎢1  ⎜ ⎟ ⎥  2R 2
n  ⎢⎣ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦
1. Answer (2)
2. Answer (3)
3. Answer (1)
Comprehension-II
The notion of limit of a single variable function can be extended to the function of two variables. When
(x, y)  (a, b) i.e., x  a, y  b simultaneously, then lim f ( x, y ) can be evaluated by the path along
( x, y )( a, b )
with (x, y) approaches to (a, b).
x2
For example lim where (x, y)  (0, 0) along the curve y 2 = x 3 can be evaluated as
x 0 y
y 0
1
x2 x2
lim  lim 3 / 2  lim x 2  0
x 0 y x 0 x x 0
y 0 3/2
y x
Then,
x3
1. lim . where ( x, y)  (0, 0) along the curve y 2 = x 5 equals
x 0 y
y 0
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 3

Sol. Answer (1)
x3 x3
lim  lim 5/2  0
x 0 y x 0 x
y 0
x 2  sin y
2. lim when (x, y)  (0, 0) along the curve y = x 2 is equal to
x 0 y 2  sin x 2
y 0
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 3

Sol. Answer (3)
x 2  sin y
lim
x 0 y 2  sin x 2
y 0
x 2  sin x 2
= lim
x 0 x 4  sin x 2
⎛ sin x 2 ⎞ 2
x 2  ⎜⎜ ⎟x
⎝ x 2 ⎟⎠
= lim
x 0 ⎛ sin x 2 ⎞ 2
x 4  ⎜⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎟x
⎝ x ⎠
x2  x2
= lim
x 0 x 4  x 2
2
= lim 2
2
x 0 x  1
y3
3. lim , when (x, y)  (1, 0) along the line y = x –1 is equal to
x 1 x3  y 2 1
y 0
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 3

Sol. Answer (1)
y3 ( x  1)3 3( x  1)2
lim 3 2
 lim 3 2 lim 0
x 1 x  y 1 x 1 x  ( x  1)  1 x 1 3 x 2  2( x  1)
y 0
Comprehension-III
We have
x x x x x sin x
f ( x )  lim cos cos 2 cos 3 cos 4 ....cos n 
n  2 2 2 2 2 x
2n sin n
2
using the identity
1. lim lim f ( x ) equals

n   x 0
1
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4)
2
n
1 ⎛ x ⎞
2. lim
n 
∑2
k 1
k
tan ⎜ k ⎟ equals
⎝2 ⎠
1 1 1 1
(1)  tan x (2)  cot x (3)  cot x (4)  tan x
x x x x
n
1 ⎛ x ⎞
3. lim
n 
∑2
k 1
2k
sec 2 ⎜ k ⎟ equals
⎝2 ⎠
1 1 1 1
(1) cosec 2 x  2
(2) cosec 2 x  (3) cosec 2 x  (4) cosec 2 x 
x x 2x 2x
Solution of Comprehension-III
x x x ⎛ x ⎞ sin x
cos .cos 2 .cos 3 ....cos ⎜ n ⎟   f (x)
2 2 2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ 2n sin ⎛ x ⎞
⎜ n⎟
⎝2 ⎠
1. Answer (2)
sin x (sin x ) sin x

lim lim  lim = lim 1
n  x 0 n ⎛ x ⎞ n  ⎛ ⎛ x ⎞⎞ x 0 x
2 sin ⎜ n ⎟ ⎜ sin ⎜ n ⎟ ⎟ x
⎝2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎟.⎛ ⎞
2n . ⎜ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎛ x ⎞ ⎟ ⎝ 2n ⎠
⎜ ⎜ n⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝2 ⎠ ⎠
2. Answer (2)
x x x x sin x
cos .cos 2 .cos 3 ...cos n 
2 2 2 2 ⎛ x ⎞
2n sin ⎜ n ⎟
⎝2 ⎠
⎛ x⎞ ⎛ x ⎞ ⎛ ⎛ x ⎞⎞
log ⎜ cos ⎟  log ⎜ cos 2 ⎟  ....  log(sin x )  log ⎜ 2n.sin ⎜ n ⎟ ⎟ differentiating the whole equation.
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠
1 ⎛x⎞ 1 ⎛ x ⎞ 1 ⎛ x ⎞
 .tan ⎜ ⎟  2 tan ⎜ 2 ⎟  ........  cot x  n cot ⎜ n ⎟
2 ⎝2⎠ 2 ⎝2 ⎠ 2 ⎝2 ⎠
1 x 1 ⎛ x ⎞ 1 ⎛ x ⎞
 tan  2 tan ⎜ 2 ⎟  .....  n cot ⎜ n ⎟  cot x … (i)
2 2 2 ⎝2 ⎠ 2 ⎝2 ⎠
n
1 ⎛ x ⎞ 1 ⎛ x ⎞
 ∑ 2k tan ⎜⎝ 2k ⎟⎠  2n cot ⎜⎝ 2n ⎟⎠  cot x
k 1
3. Answer (1)
Again differentiating equation (i) of Q. 2, we get
1 x 1 ⎛ x ⎞ 1 ⎛ x ⎞
2
sec 2  4 sec 2 ⎜ 2 ⎟  .......   2n cosec 2 ⎜ n 2
⎟  cosec x
2 2 2 ⎝2 ⎠ 2 ⎝2 ⎠
Comprehension-IV
The greatest integer function [x] is defined as the greatest integer  x and {x} is defined as {x} = x – [x].
a2[ x]{ x} – 1
1. lim is equal to
x0 2[ x]  {x}
1
(1) lna (2) 1–a (3) 1 (4) 1 1
a a
Sol. Answer (1)
a2[ x ] { x }  1 a2[0  h ] {h }  1 ah  1
lim = hlim = lim  log a
x 0 2[ x ]  { x } 0 2[0  h]  {h} h 0 h
a 2[ x ] { x }  1
2. lim is equal to
x 0  2[ x ]  { x }
1
(1) Ina (2) 1 – a (3) 1 1 (4) 1
a a
Sol. Answer (3)
a2[ x ] { x }  1
lim
x 0 2[ x ]  { x }
a2[0 h ] {0 h }  1 a 1  1 1
 lim = lim   1
h 0 2[0  h]  {0  h} h 0 1 a
3. Let f(x) = [x ] 2 – [x 2], then
(1) lim f ( x )  0 (2) lim f ( x )  0 (3) lim f ( x )  1 (4) lim f ( x ) does not exist
x 2 x 1 x 0 x1
Sol. Answer (2)
lim [ x ]2  [ x 2 ]
x 1
Here we may generalize the result at x = k (a integer)
R.H.L. at (x = k) = hlim [k  h]2  [( k  h )2 ]  k 2  k 2  0

0
L.H.L. at ( x  k )  lim [k  h]2  [(k  h )2 ] = (k – 1)2 – (k2 – 1) = 2k – 2.

h 0
If R.H.L. = L.H.L.
 2k – 2 = 0 k = 1
Hence xlim f ( x ) exist and lim f ( x )  0

1 x 1
Comprehension-V
Let f(x) = min{x – [x], –x – [–x]}, –2  x  2
g(x) = | 2 – | x – 2||, – 2  x  2
| sin x |
and h( x )  ,  2  x  2 and x  0. be three given functions where [x] denotes the greatest integer  x. Then
sin x
1. The number of solution(s) of the equation x 2 + (f(x ))2 = 1 (–1  x  1) is/are

(1) 0 (2) 2 (3) 4 (4) 6
2. The range of f(x ) is
⎡ 1⎤ 1
(1) ⎢0, ⎥ (2) [0, 1] (3) [0, 2] (4) ⎡⎢ , 0 ⎤⎥
⎣ 2⎦ ⎣ 2 ⎦
3. The sum of all the roots of the equation g(x)–h(x) = 0 is

(1) Zero (2) Positive (3) Negative (4) Not possible
Solution of Comprehension-V
f ( x )  min{{ x }, { x }},  2  x  2
g ( x )  | 2 | x  2 ||,  2  x  2
= | 2  (2  x ) |  | x |
| sin x |
h( x )  ,2 x  2
sin x
⎧ 1 if 0x2
h( x )  ⎨
⎩ 1 if 2  x  0
1. Answer (2)
x 2  (f ( x ))2  1 2
y=1–x
(f ( x ))2  1  x 2 ⎛ 1⎞
⎜ 0, ⎟ 2
⎝ 4⎠ y = (f(x))
To find the number of selection we draw two graphs
x
y  (f ( x ))2 and y  1  x 2 –2 3 –1 1 1 1 3 2
 
2 2 2 2
(i) f ( x )  min {{ x }, {-x}}
The graph of y  (f ( x ))2 and y  1  x 2 can be shown as
Hence only two solutions x = ± 1 exists.

2. Answer (1)
1
The graph of y = f(x) is given by
y
2
⎡ 1⎤
Clearly the range of y = (f(x) is ⎢0, ⎥ . x
⎣ 2⎦ –2 –1 0 1 2
3. Answer (2)
Comprehension-VI
Let lim f ( x ) be a finite number, where

x0
sin x  ae x  be  x  c ln(1  x )
f (x)  , a, b, c  R
x3
1. The value of a is
1 1
(1)  (2) 0 (3) (4) 1
2 2
2. The value of b is
1 1
(1)  (2) (3) 0 (4) 1
2 2
3. The value of c is
1 1
(1)  (2) (3) 0 (4) 2
2 2
Solution of Comprehension-VI
sin x  ae x  be  x  c ln(1  x )
lim f ( x )  lim
x 0 x 0 x3
⎛ x3 x5 ⎞ ⎛ x x2 ⎞ ⎛ x x2 ⎞ ⎛ x2 x3 ⎞
⎜⎜ x  3!  5! ... ⎟⎟  a ⎜⎜ 1  1!  2!  ... ⎟⎟  b ⎜⎜ 1  1!  2! ... ⎟⎟  c ⎜⎜ x  2  3  ... ⎟⎟
= lim ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
x 0 x3
⎛a b c⎞ ⎛ 1 a b⎞ ⎛ a b c⎞
(a  b )  x(1  a  b )  x 2 ⎜   ⎟  x 3 ⎜    ⎟  x 4 ⎜   ⎟  ...
⎝ 2 2 2 ⎠ ⎝ 6 6 6 ⎠ ⎝ 24 24 4⎠
lim
= x 0 3
x
If lim f ( x ) infinite then

x 0
a+b=0 … (i)
1+a–b=0 … (ii)
a b c
  0 … (iii)
2 2 2
By (i), (ii) and (iii),
1
a= 
2
1
b=
2
c=0
1. Answer (1)
2. Answer (2)
3. Answer (3)
SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1  cos 2 x
1. STATEMENT-1 : lim does not exist.
x 0 x
and
1 cos 2 x
STATEMENT-2 : For at (x = 0). Right hand limit  Left hand limit
x
Sol. Answer (1)
1  cos 2 x | sin x |
f (x)   2
x x
| sin h |
f (0 )  lim 2  2
h 0 h
2 | sin(0  h ) |
f (0  )  lim  2
h 0 ( h )
f (0 )  f (0 ) , hence at x = 0, limit does not exist.
1  cos 2 x
2. STATEMENT-1 : lim  2.
x 0 x
and
sin x
STATEMENT-2 : lim  1.
x 0 x
Sol. Answer (4)
1  cos 2x 2 | sin x |
lim  lim
x 0 x x 0 x
2 | sin(0  h ) |
R.H.L. at (x = 0) = lim  2
h 0 h
2 | sin(0  h ) |
L.H.L. at (x = 0) = lim  2
h 0 (0  h )
Hence limit does not exist.

Statement-1 is false. But statement-2 is clearly true.
tan x 
3. STATEMENT-1 : lim  1 , where x° means x degrees.
x 0 x
and
STATEMENT-2 : If lim f ( x )  l , lim g ( x )  m, then lim {f ( x ) g ( x )}  lm.

x 0 x 0 x 0
Sol. Answer (4)
⎛ x ⎞
tan ⎜ ⎟
tan x 0 ⎝ 180 ⎠  
lim  lim
x 0 x x 0 x 180
Statement-1 is false and statement-2 is true.
4. STATEMENT-1 : lim [ x ] does not exist, where [x] represent the greatest integer function.
x0
and
x[ x ]
STATEMENT-2 : lim  0, where [x] denotes the greatest integer function.
x 0  sin | x |
Sol. Answer (2)
f (x )  [x]
f (0  )  lim [0  h ]  0
h 0

RHL = f (0 )  hlim
0
[0  h ]  1
LHL = Hence xlim

0
[ x ] does not exist.
Statement-1 is true.
x[ x ] (0  h )[0  h] (0  h )  0
lim  lim = lim 0
x 0 sin | x | h 0 sin | 0  h | h 0 sin | 0  h |
Hence statement-2 is true.
sin[ x ]
5. STATEMENT-1 : lim  sin1, [ x ]  0 , where [x] is the integral part of x.
x 0– [ x ]
and
sin[ x ]
STATEMENT-2 : lim  1, [ x ]  0 , where [x] is the integral part of x.
x 0  [ x ]
Sol. Answer (2)
sin[ x ] sin[0  h]  sin1

lim  lim  lim  sin1
x 0  [x] h 0 [0  h] h 0 1
sin[ x ] sin[0  h] 0
lim  lim  1
x 0  [x] h 0 [0  h] 0
x 2
⎛ x  1⎞
6. STATEMENT-1 : lim ⎜ ⎟  e 2 .
x  ⎝ x  1 ⎠
and
x5
STATEMENT-2 : xlim  120.
 (2008) x
Sol. Answer (3)
x 2 ⎛ x 1 ⎞
1 ( x  2)
⎛ x  1⎞ lim ⎜
x  ⎝ x 1 ⎟⎠
lim ⎜ ⎟ = e
x  ⎝ x  1 ⎠
⎛ 2 ⎞
lim ⎜  ( x  2)
x  ⎝ x 1 ⎟⎠
= e
2
= e
x5 120
lim  lim 0
x  (2008)x x  (2008) x (log2008)5
Hence statement-2 is false.
x
⎛ p⎞
7. STATEMENT-1 : lim ⎜1  sin ⎟  e p .
x  ⎝ x⎠
and
x
⎛ p⎞
STATEMENT-2 : xlim ⎜1  ⎟  e p .
⎝ x⎠
Sol. Answer (1)
x ⎛ p ⎞
p⎞ lim ⎜ 1 sin 1⎟ x
⎛ x ⎠
lim ⎜ 1  sin ⎟  e x  ⎝
x  ⎝ x⎠
⎛p⎞
sin⎜ ⎟
lim ⎝ x ⎠ ⎛ p ⎞. x
⎜ ⎟
x  ⎛ p ⎞ ⎝ x ⎠
⎜x⎟
e ⎝ ⎠
=
 ep
x ⎛ p ⎞
p⎞ lim ⎜ 1 1⎟. x
⎛
lim ⎜ 1  ⎟  e x  ⎝ x ⎠
x  ⎝ x⎠
 ep
1  cos x 1
8. STATEMENT-1 : lim  log2 e.
x 0 x(2 x  1) 2
and
sin x ax  1
STATEMENT-2 : lim  1, lim  log a, a  0
x 0 x x 0 x
Sol. Answer (1)
x
2 sin2
1  cos x 2
lim  lim
x 0 x (2 x  1) x 0 ⎛ 2 x  1 ⎞
x ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ .x
⎝ x ⎠
2
⎛ ⎛ x⎞⎞
⎜ sin ⎜ ⎟ ⎟ x 2
2. ⎜ ⎝2⎠⎟ .
⎜ x ⎟ 4
⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
= lim 2
x 0
⎛ 2x  1 ⎞
x ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ .x
⎝ x ⎠
2
⎛ ⎛ x ⎞⎞
⎜ sin ⎜ ⎟ ⎟
1 ⎝2⎠⎟
2 ⎜
4 ⎜ x ⎟
⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
= lim 2
x 0
⎛ 2x  1 ⎞
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ x ⎠
1 1 1
= 2 log 2  2 log2 e
e
Statement-2 is clearly true and correct explanation of statement-1.
SECTION - E
Matrix-Match Type Questions
1. Match the limit in column I with their values in column II.
Column-I Column-II
cos x  cos 3 x
(A) xlim (p) 3
0 x(sin x  sin 3 x )
sin 4 x
(B) lim (q) –2
x 0 tan 2 x
x 4  2x 3  3 1
(C) lim 4 (r)
x  2x  x  2 2
3x 2  3x  9  3x  3
(D) lim (s) 2
x 2 x 2
Sol. Answer : A(q), B(s), C(r), D(s)
cos x  cos3 x
(A) xlim
0 x(sin x  sin3 x )
⎛ 3x  x ⎞ ⎛ 3x  x ⎞
2sin ⎜ sin
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
lim 2 sin 2 x.sin x
x 0 ⎛ x  3x ⎞ ⎛ x  3 x ⎞ = xlim  2
x.2cos ⎜ .sin ⎜ 0  x.2cos 2 x.sin x
⎟ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ sin 4 x ⎞
sin 4 x ⎜ 4 x ⎟ (4 x )
(B) lim  lim ⎝ ⎠ 2
x 0 tan 2 x x 0 ⎛ tan 2 x ⎞
⎜ 2x ⎟ (2 x )
⎝ ⎠
2 3
 1
4 3 x x4 1 0  0 1
x  2x  3 lim  
(C) lim = x  1 2 200 2
x  2 x 4  x  2 2 3  4
x x
3x2  3x  9  3x  3
(D) lim
x 2 x 2
(3 x 2  3 x  9)  (3 x  3)
= xlim
2
( x  2)( 3 x 2  3 x  9  3 x  3)
(3 x 2  12)
= lim
x  2 ( x  2)(3  3)
3( x  2)( x  2) 3  4
= xlim  2
2 ( x  2)(6) 6
2. Match the following.
Column-I Column-II
1
(A) f ( x )  (p) lim f ( x )  1
x 2 x 0
(B) f ( x )  3 x  sin x (q) lim f ( x )  0

x  sin x x 0

(C) f ( x )  x sin f (0 )  0 (r) lim f ( x )  0
x x 
1
(D) f ( x )  tan 1 (s) lim f ( x ) does not exist
x x0
Sol. Answer : A(r), B(p), C(q), D(r, s)
1
(A) xlim 0
 x 2
3 x  sin x 3  cos x 3  1 2
(B) lim  lim   1
x 0 x  sin x x  0 1  cos x 1 1 2
⎛⎞
(C) lim x sin ⎜ ⎟ = 0 × (number belong to [–1, 1]) = 0
x 0 ⎝x⎠
⎛ 1⎞
(D) lim tan1 ⎜ ⎟
x 0 ⎝x⎠
⎛ 1⎞ 
RHL = hlim tan1 ⎜ ⎟ 
0 h
⎝ ⎠ 2
⎛ 1⎞ 
LHL = hlim tan1 ⎜  ⎟  
0 ⎝ h ⎠ 2
Hence limit does not exist.
3. Match the following :

Column-I Column-II
tan 2
2x 1
(A) lim (sin 2 x ) (p)
x
 2
4
x 1
⎛ 2x  1 ⎞ 
(B) lim ⎜ ⎟ (q) e 2
x  ⎝ 2x  1 ⎠
tan 2 x
(C) lim (tan x ) (r) e–1

x
2
⎛ ⎞
(D) lim tan 2 x tan⎜ 4  x ⎟ (s) 1
x ⎝ ⎠
4
Sol. Answer : A(q), B(r), C(s), D(p)
lim (sin 2 x 1). tan2 2 x


tan2 2 x x
(A) lim (sin 2 x ) e 4

x
4
sin 2 x 1 2 cos 2 x
lim lim
x
 cot 2 2 x x
 2 cot 2 x.( cosec 2 2 x )2
= e 4
e 4
1

= e 2
x ⎛ 2 x 1 ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞
1⎟ x lim x
2x  1 ⎞ lim ⎜ ⎜ ⎟
(B) lim ⎛⎜
x  ⎝ 2 x 1 ⎠ 1
⎟  e x  ⎝ 2 x 1 ⎠ = e = e
x  ⎝ 2 x  1 ⎠
lim (log tan x ). tan 2 x


x
(C) lim (tan x )tan 2 x  e 2

x
2
log(tan x ) sec 2 x 1
lim lim .
x
 (cot 2 x ) x
 (tan x ) 2cosec 2 2 x
= e 2
= e 2
= e0 = 1
⎛ ⎞
(D) lim (tan 2 x ) tan ⎜  x ⎟
x
 ⎝ 4 ⎠
4
⎛ 2 tan x ⎞ ⎛ 1  tan x ⎞ 2 tan x 1

= lim ⎜ .⎜ ⎟ = lim 
 ⎝ 1  tan2 x ⎟
⎠ ⎝ 1  tan x ⎠ (1  tan x )2 2
x x
4 4
4. Match the function in column I with their domain of definition in column II.
Column-I Column-II
⎛x⎞
(A) f ( x )  sin 1 log3 ⎜ ⎟ (p) (–)
⎝3⎠
(B) f ( x )  x 2  5 x  6  2 x  8  x 2 (q) [–2, 0)  (0, 1)
1
(C) f ( x )  (r) [–2, 2]  [3, 4]
2  sin 3 x
1
(D) f ( x )   x2 (s) [1, 9]
log10 (1  x )
Sol. Answer : A(s), B(r), C(p), D(q)
⎛x⎞
(A) 1  log3 ⎜ ⎟  1
⎝3⎠
 3 1  x  31
3
 1 x  9
(B) x 2  5x  6  0
 ( x  2)( x  3)  0
+ – +
 
2 3
x  [ , 2]  [3,  ) … (i)
2x  8  x 2  0
x 2  2x  8  0
( x  4)( x  2)  0
+ – +
–2 4
 x  [ 2, 4] … (ii)
By (i) and (ii)
x  [ 2, 2]  [3, 4]
1
(C) f ( x ) 
2  sin3 x
since 2  sin 3x is never equal to zero for any value of x. Hence domain (f) = R.
1
(D) f ( x )   x2
log10 1  x
For f(x) to be real, we have
1  x  1 , 1 – x > 0, i.e., x  0, x < 1 and x  –2
 x  ( , 1)  {0}  [–2, )
 x  [ 2, 0)  (0, 1)
5. Match column I to column II according to the given conditions.

Column I Column II
e tan x
– e sin x 
(A) xlim equals (p) 1
0 (tan x – sin x )
∫ xe dx
x
0
1
(B) lim equals (q)
x 0 x sin x 2
x 1 1
(C) lim equals (r) –
x  –
4x 2  x  2 2
3
(D) nlim (sin x )2 n ,where n  N, is not equal to (s)
 4
(t) 2
Sol. Answer : A(p), B(q), C(r), D(q, r, s, t)
e tan x – e sin x
(A) lim
x  0  tan x – sin x 

e sin x e tan x – sin x – 1 e 0
1  1
= lim
x0  tan x – sin x 
x
∫ xe
x
0
(B) lim
x0 x sin x
xe x
= lim (Using L – H Rule)
x0 x cos x  sin x
xe x  e x 1
= lim  (Using L – H Rule)
x0 – x sin x  cos x  cos x 2
x 1
(C) xlim
 –
1 2
|x| 4 
x x2
x 1 1
= xlim –
 –
1 2 2
–x 4  
x x2
 sin x 
2n
(D) nlim

Case (i) if sinx  (±1)
 sin x   0
2n
 nlim

Case (ii) If sinx = ±1
lim  1  1
2n
 n 
6. Match column I to column II according to the right hand limit or left hand limit at the given point, where [ ]
represents the greatest integer function.
Column I Column II
⎡ sin  x  ⎤
(A) lim ⎢ ⎥ (p) 0
⎣  x  ⎥⎦

x 0 ⎢
⎡ tan[ x ] ⎤
(B) lim ⎢ ⎥ (q) 10
x  0 ⎣ [x] ⎦

(C) lim
x  10
x (r) 9
(D) lim cos x  (s) –1


x
2
e cos x – 1
(t) lim
 cos x
x
2
(u) 1
Sol. Answer : A(p), B(t, u), C(q, r), D (p, s)
⎡ sin 0 – h  ⎤
(A) L H L = lim ⎢ ⎥   sin 1  0
⎣⎢ 0 – h  ⎦⎥
h0
⎡ tan 0 – h  ⎤ ⎡ tan( 1) ⎤

(B) L H L = hlim ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥  [tan1]  1
⎣⎢ 0 – h  ⎦⎥ ⎣ 1 ⎦
0
(C) R H L = hlim
0
10  h   10
L H L = hlim
0
10  h   9
⎡ ⎛ ⎞⎤
(D) R H L = lim ⎢cos ⎜  h ⎟ ⎥  –1
h0
⎣ ⎝2 ⎠⎦
⎡ ⎛ ⎞⎤
L H L = hlim cos ⎜ – h ⎟ ⎥  0
0 ⎢
⎣ ⎝2 ⎠⎦
SECTION - F
Integer Answer Type Questions
1. If y = f(x) and y4 – 4y + x = 0. If f(–8) = 2 then the value of |28 f(–8)| is _____.
Sol. Answer (1)
y4 – 4y + x = 0
at y = 2, x – 8
Differentiating the equation

4 y3 – 1  dy
dx
1 0
dy –1


dx 4 y 3 – 1 
1
 f  x   –

4 y3 – 1 
1 1
f   –8   – –

4 2 –1 3
 28
 |28 f(–8)| = 1
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛3⎞
2. If f(x) = f(1 – x) and f(x) is differentiable at every real value of x then the value of f  ⎜ ⎟  f  ⎜ ⎟  f  ⎜ ⎟ is ____.
⎝2⎠ ⎝4⎠ ⎝4⎠
Sol. Answer (0)
f(x) = f(1 – x)
 f(x) = –f(1 – x)
1
at x =
2
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
f  ⎜ ⎟  –f  ⎜ 1– ⎟
⎝2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
f ⎜ ⎟  f ⎜ ⎟  0
⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠
1
 f  ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟  0 ... (i)
2
⎝ ⎠
1
Also x =
4
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛3⎞
f  ⎜ ⎟  –f  ⎜ ⎟
4
⎝ ⎠ ⎝4⎠
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛3⎞
 f ⎜ ⎟  f ⎜ ⎟  0 ... (ii)
4
⎝ ⎠ ⎝4⎠
By (i) and (ii),
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛3⎞
f ⎜ ⎟  f ⎜ ⎟  f ⎜ ⎟  0
⎝2⎠ ⎝4⎠ ⎝4⎠
2k
 
cot x
3. If the value of lim 1  sin x  sin2 x is k then is equal to ____.
x0 e
Sol. Answer (2)
 
cot x
lim 1  sin x  sin2 x
x0
= e x0  sin x  sin x .cot x

lim 2
⎛ sin x  sin2 x ⎞
lim ⎜ ⎟⎟
x  0⎜ tan x
= e ⎝ ⎠
x  x2
lim
e x0 x
 e1  e
2k 2  e
k = e   2
e e
4. The value of lim

e sin
3
x
– cos  sin x   3
 is _____.
3
x0 x
Sol. Answer (1)
lim
x sin
3
x
– cos  sin x   3

3
x0 x
 
3
x x – cos x 3 sin x
lim (using lim  1)
x0 x 3 x0 x
lim
e  3 x    sin( x )3x  =
x3 2 3 2
 3

lim e x  (sin x 3 )  e 0  0  1
2
x0 (3 x ) x0
1⎡ 6 ⎤
5. Let f(x) is a function satisfying the condition f ( x )  f ( x  6)  and f(x) > 0  x  R then if
3 ⎢⎣ f ( x  7) ⎥⎦
lim f ( x )  m then the value of m is _____.
x 
Sol. Answer (3)
∵ lim f ( x )  lim f ( x  6)  lim f ( x  7)  m

x  x  x 
then from the given condition
1⎡ 6⎤
m m ⎥
3 ⎢⎣ m⎦
 3m2 = m2 + 6
 2m2 = 6
 m 3
so, xlim f (x)  3


so the value of m = 3
1 2mx 3
6. If lim 2
(e  ex  x)  then the value of m is _____.
x 0 x 2
Sol. Answer (1)
1 3
Given that lim
2
(e 2mx  e x  x ) 
x 0 x 2
⎛ 1⎞
x (2m  2)  x 2 ⎜ 2m 2  ⎟  x 3 (..)  ...
⎝ 3⎠ 3
 lim 2

x 0 x 2
 m=1
⎡ m sin x ⎤
7. If lim ⎢  8 then the value of m is ([.] in the greatest integer function).
x 0 ⎣ x ⎥⎦
Sol. Answer (9)

We know that
sin x
1
x
m sin x
 m
x
⎡ m sin x ⎤
 lim ⎢  (m  1)
x 0 ⎣ x ⎥⎦
⎡ m sin x ⎤
But given that xlim
0 ⎢ ⎥8
⎣ x ⎦
so m – 1 = 8
 m=9
1 x
⎧ ax  sin( x  1)  a ⎫1 x 1
8. The largest value of the non-negative integer a for which lim ⎨ ⎬  is
x 1⎩ x  sin( x  1)  1 ⎭ 4
Sol. Answer (0)
1 x
⎧ ax  sin( x  1)  a ⎫1 x
lim ⎨ ⎬
x 1⎩ x  sin( x  1)  1 ⎭
1 x
⎧a(1  x )  sin( x  1) ⎫
lim ⎨ ⎬
x 1⎩ ( x  1)  sin( x  1) ⎭
(1 x )
⎧ sin( x  1) ⎫
⎪ a  x  1 ⎪
lim ⎨ ⎬
x 1
⎪ 1  sin( x  1) ⎪
⎩ x 1 ⎭
2
⎧ a  1⎫ 1
⎨ ⎬ 
⎩ 2 ⎭ 4
a  1 1

2 2
–a + 1 = ±1 ⇒ a = 0, a = 2
But at a = 2, base becomes negative
 a=0
⎛ ecos( n )  e ⎞ ⎛e⎞ m
9. Let m and n be two positive integers greater than 1. If lim ⎜ ⎟   ⎜ ⎟ then the value of is
0 ⎜  m ⎟ ⎝2⎠ n
⎝ ⎠
Sol. Answer (2)
n
ecos  – e e
lim m
–
0  2
 Using L’ Hospital’s rule
e
  · – sin(n )· nn –1
cos n
–e
lim 
m –1 2
 0 m·
m
 2
n
x 2 sin( x )
10. Let ,   » be such that lim  1 . Then 6( + ) equals [JEE(Advanced)-2016]
x 0 x  sin x
Sol. Answer (7)
⎛ (x )3 ⎞
x 2 ⎜ x   ..... ⎟
lim ⎝ 3! ⎠
⎛ 3 5 ⎞
x 0 x x
x  ⎜ x    ..... ⎟
⎝ 3! 5! ⎠

 1 1
1
3!
1

6
⎛ 1⎞
6 ⎜1  ⎟  7
⎝ 6⎠
SECTION - G
Multiple True-False Type Questions
log  x 
1. STATEMENT-1 : lim  0 , where [x] represents the integral part of x.
x
x
sec 2 x – 1
STATEMENT-2 : lim does not exist.
x0 x
1
STATEMENT-3 : lim
x2
 x – 1 x – 2 = 1
(1) T T T (2) TTF (3) FTF (4) FFF

Sol. Answer (2)
A sin x  B log(1  x 2 )  C (1– cos x )

2. lim  2, then
x 0 x2
STATEMENT-1 : A = 1
STATEMENT-2 : 2B + C = 4
STATEMENT-3 : A + B + C = 0
(1) T T T (2) TTF (3) FTF (4) FFF
Sol. Answer (3)
⎛ x3 x5 ⎞ ⎛ x4 ⎞ ⎛ ⎛ x2 x4 ⎞ ⎞
A⎜ x –   .... ⎟  B ⎜ x 2 –  .... ⎟  C ⎜ 1– ⎜ 1–  – ⎟ ⎟  ......
⎝ 3! 5! ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ 2! 4! ⎠ ⎠
lim 2
x0 x2
⎛ C⎞ ⎛ A⎞
x( A)  x 2 ⎜ B  ⎟  x 3 ⎜ – ⎟  ......
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 3! ⎠
lim 2
x0 x2
C
 A = 0, B + =2
2
SECTION - H
Aakash Challengers Questions
x3
1. If lim  1 , a R+, then the value of a + b + 1975 is .........
x 0 a  x (bx  sin x )
x3
Sol. Given Lt
1
1
x 0
⎛ x ⎞2
a ⎜ 1  ⎟  (bx  sin x )
⎝ a ⎠
x3
 Lt
x 0 ⎧ 1⎛ 1⎞ ⎫
⎪⎪ 1 ⎛ x ⎞ 2 ⎜  2 ⎟ ⎛ x ⎞2 ⎪⎪ ⎪⎧ x3 ⎪⎫
a ⎨1  ⎜ ⎟  ⎝ ⎠
⎜ ⎟  .....⎬ ⎨ x(b  1)   ....⎬
⎪ 2⎝a ⎠ 2 ⎝a⎠ ⎪ ⎩⎪ 3! ⎭⎪
⎩⎪ ⎭⎪
3!
  1 and b = 1
a
 a = 36, b = 1
 a + b + 1975 = 36 + 1 + 1975
= 2012
n
⎛ 1 n 4 ⎞
2. Lt
Evaluate; n  ⎜⎜ 2 ⎟⎟ .
⎝ ⎠
1
n 1 4 n 1 1
⎛ 1 n 4 ⎞ 4
n 1 lim . log 4
Lt ⎜ = Lt .n = e e 2
= e log 4 =
⎜ 2 ⎟⎟
n  2 1/ n
Sol. n = 4 =2
⎝ ⎠
n 
e 2
c
3.
x 1

If Lt 1  ax  bx 2  x 1  e3 , then the value of a + b + bc + 2009 is .........
c
Sol. Given Lt (1  ax  bx 2 ) x 1  e3
x 1
( ax  bx 2 )c
Lt
 e x 1 x 1  e3 (∵ a  b  0)
(ax  bx 2 )c
 Lt 3
x 1 x 1
(a  2b )c
 Lt 3
x 1 1
 ac +2bc = 3
 ac + bc + bc = 3
 c(a + b) + bc = 3
 bc = 3 (∵ a  b  0)
 a + b + bc + 2009
= 3 + 2009
= 2012
sin 2 x  a sin x
4. If lim  b (finite), then (ab)2 equals .....
x 0 x3
sin 2 x  a sin x
Sol. lim b
x 0 x3
⎛ (2 x )3 (2 x )5 ⎞ ⎛ x3 x5 ⎞
⎜⎜ 2 x    ... ⎟⎟  a ⎜⎜ x   ... ⎟
⎝ 3! 5! ⎠ ⎝ 3! 5! ⎟⎠
 lim b
x 0 x3
⎛ 8 a⎞
x (a  2)  x 3 ⎜   ⎟  x 5 ( )  ...
 lim ⎝ 6 6⎠ b
x 0 x3
 a20  a = –2
8 a
  b  b = –1
6 6
 (ab)2 = 22 = 4.
⎛ x 1⎞  
5. Find the value of lim 48 x ⎜  tan 1 ⎟ if tan–1 tan =  if    
x  ⎝4 x 2⎠ 2 2
⎛ x 1⎞
Sol. xlim 48 x ⎜  tan1
 ⎝4 x  2 ⎟⎠
⎛ ⎛ x 1 ⎞⎞
48 ⎜  tan1 ⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ 4 ⎝ x  2 ⎠⎠
= lim
x  ⎛ 1⎞
⎜x⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛ ⎞
⎜ ⎟
1 ⎛ 1 ⎞⎟
48 ⎜  . ⎜ ⎟
⎜ 2
( x  2)2 ⎠ ⎟
⎜⎜ 1  ⎜⎛ x  1 ⎟⎞ ⎝ ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎝ x 2⎠ ⎠
= lim
x  ⎛ 1 ⎞
⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ x ⎠
⎛ x2 ⎞
= xlim 48 ⎜⎜ 2 2 ⎟⎟

⎝ ( x  2)  ( x  1) ⎠
1
= 48 
2
= 24
a1 a2 x a3 x 2 an x n 1 dy
6. Let y  1     ....  . Find .
x  a1 ( x  a1 )( x  a2 ) ( x  a1 )( x  a2 )( x  a3 ) ( x  a1 )( x  a2 )( x  a3 )...( x  an ) dx
⎛ a1 ⎞ a2 x
Sol. y  ⎜ 1  x  a ⎟  ( x  a )( x  a )  ....
⎝ 1⎠ 1 2
⎛ x a2 x ⎞
y ⎜  ⎟  ...
⎝ x  a1 ( x  a1 )( x  a2 ) ⎠
x ⎛ a2 ⎞ a3 x 2
y ⎜ 1  ⎟   ...
x  a1 ⎝ x  a2 ⎠ ( x  a1 )( x  a2 )( x  a3 )
x2 a3 x 2
y   ...
( x  a1 )( x  a2 ) ( x  a1 )( x  a2 )( x  a3 )
x3
y  ... and so on.
( x  a1 )( x  a2 )( x  a3 )
Hence y can be sum use as
xn
y
( x  a1 )( x  a2 )...( x  an )
log y  n log x  log( x  a1 )  log( x  a2 )  log( x  a3 )  ...
1 dy n 1 1
   ....
y dx x x  a1 x  a2
⎛1 1 ⎞ ⎛1 1 ⎞
= ⎜ x  x  a ⎟  ⎜ x  x  a ⎟  ....
⎝ 1⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
a1 a2
= x( x  a )  x( x  a )  ...
1 2
dy y ⎡ a1 a2 ⎤
  ⎢   ...⎥
dx x ⎣ x  a1 x  a2 ⎦
1 1 1 c
dy ab
7. If y    then find at e .
1  x a b  x c b 1  x b c  x a c 1  x b a  x c a dx
1 1
Sol. y  a b c b
 b c
 ...
1 x x 1 x  x a c
xb xc xa
y  
xa  xb  xc xa  xb  xc xa  xb  xc
xa  xb  xc
y 1
xa  xb  xc
dy
0
dx
8. Find the number of integral(s) of the equation [x ] + [2x] + [4x ] + [8x ] + ..... + [32x] = 12345. Where [ ] denotes
the greatest integer function.
Sol. 12345 = [x] + [2x] + [4x] + [8x] + [16x] + [32x]
12345  x + 2x + 4x + 8x + 16x + 32x
12345  63x
 12345 20
x  195
63 21
When x = 196
The LHS of given equation is 12348.
20
 195  x  196
21
⎡ 20 ⎞
Now consider the interval ⎢195 , 196 ⎟
⎣ 21 ⎠
[x] + [2x] + [4x] + [8x] + [16x] + [32x]
= 195 + 391 + 783 + 1567 + 3135 + 6271
= 12342 < 12345
The LHS is less than 12342
 For no value of x, then given equality will hold
⎧ cosec x 
⎪ (sin x  cos x ) , 
2
x0
⎪
9. If lim f ( x ) exists and is equal to p, then find p and q where, f ( x )  ⎪⎨
1 2 3
x0 ex ex ex 
⎪ , 0x
1 3 2
⎪ 2  1
⎩⎪ pe
x  qe x
⎧ cosec x 
⎪(sin x  cos x ) ;  x0
2
⎪⎪
1 2 3
Sol. f ( x )  ⎨
⎪ e e e 
x x x
; 0x
⎪ 2 
1
1
3 2
⎩⎪ pe x  qe x
2 1
1 2 3 1 2  
4e h e e 1 1 e
eh  eh  eh 1 eh  eh lim  
f (0  )  lim 1 3
lim 2 h 0 
2
qe 1 q
h 0 = h 0 =
2  1
2
1 pe 2e h  qe 1
pe h  qe h pe  qe h
f (0 ) = hlim (sin(0  h )  cos(0  h )cosec(0  h )

0
= hlim (cos h  sin h )cosec h

0
1
lim (cos h  sin h 1)
h 0 (  sin h )
= e
1 sin h  cos h
lim
sin h
= e h 0
cos h  sin h
lim
cos h
= e
h 0
e
Put f (0 )  f (0 )
e
 e
q
 q = 1 and p  R
k |x|  1 | x | ln k
10. Evaluate lim , k  0.
x 0 x2
k |x|  1 | x | ln k
Sol. lim , here we have to find RHL and LHL.
x 0 x2
k |x|  1  | x | ln k k |h|  1 | h | ln k
RHL = lim = lim
x 0 x2 h 0 h2
k h  1  h ln k k h log k  log k
= lim = lim
h 0 h2 h 0 2h
k h (log k )2 1
= lim  (log k )2
h 0 2 2
k |0 h|  1 | 0  h | ln k 1
LHL = lim = (log k )2
h 0 h2 2


16 Limits and Derivatives: Solutions

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16 Limits and Derivatives: Solutions

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Chapter 16

Limits and Derivatives

(1) 5 (2) 6 (3) 0 (4) 4

(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 0 (4) 4

(1) 30 (2) 32 (3) 35 (4) 34

(1)  (2) 0 (3) –1 (4) 1

Using L’ Hospital Rule, we get

Sol. Answer (3)

(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 8 (4) 0

Sol. Answer (3)

11. lim  ( x cot x )  ( x log x ) equals

(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 0

lim x cot x  lim x log x

(1) 1 (2) –1 (3) 2 (4) 0

2 sec x sec x tan x

(1) –1 (2) 1 (3) 0 (4) 2

Sol. Answer (1)

(1) 2 (2) e2 (3) e–2 (4) 

(1) e (2) e–1 (3) e–5 (4) e5

(1) 2 (2) 6 (3) 16 (4) 112

(1) a  R, b  R (2) a = 1, b  R (3) a  R, b = 2 (4) a = 1, b = 2

(1) a( – ) (2) loge|a( – )| (3) ea( – ) (4) ea( + )

20. If Lt  cos x  a sin bx 

Sol. Answer (3)

(1) e   (2) e    (3) e a(   ) (4) e a(  )

Sol. Answer (3)

xf (2)  2f ( x ) f (2)  2f '( x )

(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) –1 (4) 2

f (1) · g ( x ) – f ( x ) · g (1) – f (1)  g (1)

f (1).g ( x )  f ( x ).g (1)  f (1)  g (1)

By putting g (1)  f (1)  2 , we get

Since ,  are the roots of ax 2  bx  c  0

Sol. Answer (3)

(1)  (2)  (3)  (4) e

Sol. Answer (1)

Sol. Answer (1)

Sol. Answer (2)

Sol. Answer (2)

Sol. Answer (3)

(1) 1 (2) 0 (3) –1 (4) Limit doesn't exist

Since R.H.L.  L.H.L., hence limit does not exist.

(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) Not define

(1) a = 1, b = 4 (2) a = 1, b = – 4 (3) a = 2, b = – 3 (4) a = 2, b = 3

This is possible iff

37. Let (a) and (a) be the roots of the equation

( 3 1  a  1)x 2  ( 1  a  1)x  ( 6 1  a  1)  0 where a > –1.

Then alim (a ) and lim (a ) are [IIT-JEE 2012]

Let alim  (a )  ; lim (a )  

(1) (16, 8) (2) (8, 4) (3) (2, 1) (4) (1, 2)

Sol. Answer (1, 3)

(cos x  a sin bx 1)

 ab = 2, options (1) and (3) satisfies this relation.

f (x) x (1  p cos x )  q sin x

x(1  p cos x )  q sin x

By (i) and (ii)

(1) lim g ( x )  2 (2) lim g ( x )  2

(3) lim g ( x )  2 (4) lim g ( x ) does not exists

f '(3  h2 )(2h )  f '(3  h2 )( 2h )

f '(3  h 2 )  f '(3  h 2 ) f '(3)  f '(3) 6

(3) lim g ( x )  lim g ( x )  lim g ( x )  2

(1) lim f ( x )  1 (2) lim f ( x )  2007

(3) lim f ( x )  2008 ; K  (2008, 2009) (4) lim x  [x]  1

Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)