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For
Madina Book 3
Prepared by
The Institute of the Language of the Qur’an
(Toronto)
In this case, only the َمصدَرis used and the verb is omitted
1
Deputies of the Masdar
The following words deputize for َمصدَرand are therefore وب
ٌ نص
ُ َم, and are grammatically
ُ ال ُمط َل
regarded as ق ال َمف ُعو ُل.
۲ ع َدده ۱
ُُ َ عض َواّّ ُّي ُم َضا َف ًة اِلَى ال َمص َد ِر
Flog them eighty stripes
ُ كُ ُّل َو َب
I know him fully well
﴾٤:﴿النور
A number with the َ ِاّّع ِرفُ ُه كُ َّل ال َمع ِر َف ِة َفاج ِلدُو ُهم َث َمان
ين َجل َد ًة Words اّّ ُّي،عض
ُ َب، كُ ُّلwith the َمصدَرas their
َمصدَرas its َتميِيز
اف اِلَي ِه
ٌ ُم َض
٤ ِ اِسم المص َدرHewords
spoke to me harsh
َ
صف ُت ُهِ ۳
َ ُ َكلَّ َم ِني َكلَا ًما شَ ِديدًا This is for
I understood the
lesson very well
A cognate masdar is one which is not the masdar of the verb used in the sentence, instead it is
related to the verb in its common root. Following two situations apply:
ال َمص َد ُر ال ِفع ُل ۲ ال َمص َد ُر ال ِفع ُل ۱
ثُلَاثِ ٌّي َمزِي ٌد ِفي ِه ثُلَاثِ ٌّي َمزِي ٌد ِفي ِه ثُلَاثِ ٌّي ُم َج َّر ٌد ثُلَاثِ ٌّي َمزِي ٌد ِفي ِه
From two different forms
And devote yourself to Him with And you love wealth with an
complete devotion abounding love ﴾٢٠:﴿الفجر
﴾٨:﴿المزمل َو َت َـبـ َّتـ ْل اِلَي ِه َتـبـ ِتـيـلًا َوتُ ِح ُّبو َن ال َما َل ُح ًّبا َج ًما
َبـ َّتـ َل ُي َـبـ ِّتـ ُلForm II َت َـبـ َّتـ َل َيـ َت َـبـ َّتـ ُلForm V اّّ َح َّب ُي ِح ُّب )ثُلَاثِ ٌّي ُم َج َّر ٌد( َح َّب َي ِح ُّبForm IV
Masdar ل
Masdar: ٌ َتـ ْبـ ِتـ ْيـ Ma
Masdar: َت َـبـ ُّتـ ٌل Ma
Masdar: ُح ٌّب Ma
Masdar: ابٌ حبَ ِا
Root: ب ت ل Root ب ت ل
Root: Root: ح ب ب Root: ح ب ب
* **ِ ***
cog-nate - \ˈkäg-ˌnāt\ : word related to another by common root ( َلا َقى ُيلَاقيForm III): To meet اِشتِقَا ٌق: Derivation
3
اِس ُم ال َمص َدرِ
It is a word, which has the same meaning as the masdar but has less letters than the masdar. Every
د ِفي ِه verb has a masdar. But in the derived forms of verbs, i.e.
alongاِس ُم ال َمص َد ِر َ , there could beمزِي ٌ
ال َمص َد ِر with the regular masdar. Mostly Form II has َ along with itsف َعا ٌل on the pattern ofاِس ُم
َ .تـ ْفـ ِعـ ْيـ ٌ
ل regular masdar on the pattern of
َمـ َتـا ٌع َت ْمـ ِتـي ْــ ٌع َمـ َّتـ َع ُيـ َمـ ِّتـ ُع
َصلَا ٌة َت ْصلِ َي ٌة َصلَّى ُي َصلِّي
َوز ٌن :فُـ ْعـ َلـ ٌة قُـ ْبـ َل ٌة َتـ ْق ِبيـ ٌل َقـ َّبـ َل ُيـقَـ ِّب ُل
َوز ٌن :فُـ ُعو ٌل وء
ُو ُض ٌ َتـ َو ُّضـ ٌؤ َت َو َّضاّّ َيـ َتـ َو َّضاّْ Form V
4
ِ
The Exception – ُالاس ِتث َناء
The The tool of The one from which the
excepted exception exception is made
ِ ىُم ُنه اّّ َداة
ُالاس ِتث َناُِء المس َتث َنى ِ المس َتث َن
اُحا ِمدًا
َ ن ََج َحُال ُّط َّلابُكلُّهمُاِ َّل
All the students have
passed except Hamid
ِس َوى
َماُ َعدَا ِ ِفعل
َُان
اُخلَا
َ َم
1
ِ اّّن َواع
Types of Exception – ُالاس ِتث َناُِء
َ َغيرُم
ُوجب ُوجب
َ م
The sentence is a The sentence
َُهلُ َيرسبُاّّ َحدُاِ َّلاُال َكسلَان negative, prohibitive ُاِف َت ِحُال َّن َو ِاف َذُاِ َّلاُالا ّّ ِخ َير َة is an
or interrogative affirmative
Does anyone fail except the sentence? Open the windows except sentence
lazy? the last one
2
Declension of Exception with illa – عرابُالمس َتث َنىُبِـُاِ َّلا
َ ِا
When اِ َّلاis used as the instrument of exception, the declension of مس َتث َنىdepends on
the type of exception, as shown below
َ َغيرُم
ُوجب ُوجب
َ م
The sentence is a The sentence
negative, prohibitive is an
or interrogative affirmative
sentence? sentence
Declension
As required by the َُمنصوب
sentence, as if اِ َّلا َُمنصوب OR َُمنصوب of مس َتث َنى
ِ مس َتث َن
Same as ُىُمنه
is not mentioned with ُاِ َّلا
3
Examples for illa – اّّم ِث َلةُلِـُاِ َّلا
Allah forgives all
sins except shirk َ َيغ ِفرُاللَّهُال ُّذن
ُوبُكلَّ َهاُاِ َّلاُالشِّ ر َك
ِ مس َتث َن, is mentioned
ال ُّذنوب, which is ُىُمنه
ِ مس َتث َنis ِ مس َتث َنis
ُم َف َّرغ ىُم ُنه َُتام ىُم ُنه
mentioned
not mentioned
ِشركis a kind of َذنب
َ َغيرُم
ُوجب ُوجب
َ م
The sentence is a The sentence
negative, prohibitive is an
or interrogative affirmative
sentence? sentence
Declension
As required by the َُمنصوب
sentence, as if اِ َّلا َُمنصوب OR َُمنصوب of مس َتث َنى
ِ مس َتث َن
Same as ُىُمنه
is not mentioned with ُاِ َّلا
4
Examples for illa – اّّم ِث َلةُلِـُاِ َّلا
َح ِام ُد/ اُح ِامدًا
َ اُح َض َرُال ُّط َّلابُاِ َّل
No students were
present except
Hamid َ َم
Declension of ُ َح ِامدis the same as ال ُّطلَّاب OR ِ مس َتث َن, is mentioned
ُال ُّطلَّاب, which is ُىُمنه
ِ مس َتث َنis ِ مس َتث َنis
ُم َف َّرغ ىُم ُنه َُتام ىُم ُنه
mentioned
not mentioned
َح ِامدis a student
َ َغيرُم
ُوجب ُوجب
َ م
The sentence is a The sentence
negative, prohibitive is an
or interrogative affirmative
sentence? sentence
Declension
As required by the َُمنصوب
sentence, as if اِ َّلا َُمنصوب OR َُمنصوب of مس َتث َنى
ِ مس َتث َن
Same as ُىُمنه
is not mentioned with ُاِ َّلا
5
Examples for illa – اّّم ِث َلةُلِـُاِ َّلا
Every sickness has a
medicine except death َ لِك ِّلُ َداءُ َد َواءُاِ َّلاُال َم
ُوت
ِ مس َتث َن, is mentioned
ُ َداء, which is ُىُمنه
ِ مس َتث َنis ِ مس َتث َنis
ُم َف َّرغ ىُم ُنه َُتام ىُم ُنه
mentioned
not mentioned
Death is
not a
sickness منق َِط ُع مس َتث َنىis of a
different kind
م َّت ِص ُل مس َتث َنىis of the
same kind as
than ِ ?مس َتث َن
ىُم ُنه ِ ?مس َتث َن
ىُم ُنه
َ َغيرُم
ُوجب ُوجب
َ م
The sentence is a The sentence
negative, prohibitive is an
or interrogative affirmative
sentence? sentence
Declension
As required by the َُمنصوب
sentence, as if اِ َّلا َُمنصوب OR َُمنصوب of مس َتث َنى
ِ مس َتث َن
Same as ُىُمنه
is not mentioned with ُاِ َّلا
6
Examples for illa – اّّم ِث َلةُلِـُاِ َّلا
To get the correct declension for
َ َغيرُم
ُوجب ُوجب
َ م
The sentence is a The sentence
negative, prohibitive is an
or interrogative affirmative
sentence? sentence
Declension
As required by the َُمنصوب
sentence, as if اِ َّلا َُمنصوب OR َُمنصوب of مس َتث َنى
ِ مس َتث َن
Same as ُىُمنه
is not mentioned with ُاِ َّلا
7
The Oath – ۪س ُ۫م
۪ الق
One of the important things in Arabic is the Qasam ُالق ۪۪س ۫م: taking an oath to emphasize a point, a matter,
or a statement etc. It has its own rules.
This ۪لإis not related to the سم ۬ ُ اis used to negate any idea, notion,
۪ ۪ق. ۪لإis by itself. The ۪لإbefore the قس ُ۫م
thought or an opinion in the minds of the listener(s) being addressed. The person initiating an oath uses ۪لإ
before the instrument of oath to spell out that the matter is not as you think, but rather it is what he will
۪ ۪ق. ( إُوالُلُِ۬ه
state after taking the سم ۪ ۪ل/ُقس ۫مُب۬الُلِ ۬ه
۬ ُ) ۪لإُا. In the Qur’an, قس ۫مُب۬ـ
۬ ُ ۪لإُاhas been used 8 times. Even in
everyday conversations, one may hear إُوالُل ُِ۬ه
۪ ۪ل
1
ُابُالق ۪۪س ۬م
۫ ۪ج ۪و
The ۪س ُ۫م
۪ القrequires ُ۬ابُالق ۪۪سم ۬ الجم ۪ل ۫ة
۫ ۪ج ۪و, which may be ُالإس ۬م َّي ُ۫ة ۫ or الجم ۪ل ۫ةُال ۬فعل۬ َّيُ۫ة
۫ . ُ۬ابُالق ۪۪سم
۫ ۪ج ۪وas a rule, requires emphasis.
There are instruments of emphasis, which one must understand to fully appreciate the power & force of
ُ۬ابُالق ۪۪سم
۫ ۪ج ۪و. Insha Allah we will study the instruments of emphasis on the next few pages.
۪سمُ۬ When الجم ۪ل ۫ةُال ۬فعل۬ َّي ۫ةُف۬عل۫ ۪هاُ ۪ماض۩ُ ۪مـنـ ۬فـيُ ۪ is aج ۪و ۫
ابُالق ۪ ۫ , no emphasis is required
4
Instruments of Emphasis in ابُالق ۪۪سم
۫ ۪ج ۪وwhen it is ُالجم ۪ل ۫ةُال ۬فع ۬ل َّي ۫ة
۫
ُابُالق ۪۪س ۬م
۫ ۪ج ۪و
When ُ۪۬سم
۪ ابُالق ُۨ الجم ۪ل ۫ةُال ۬فعل۬ َّي ۫ةُف۬عل۫ ۪هاُ ۫م ۪ضار۬ ۨعُ ۫م ۪ثـب
۫ ۪ج ۪وis ـت ۫ , it is emphasized using one of
following instruments of emphasis
ُالجم ۪ل ۫ةُال ۬فعل۬ َّي ۫ة
۫ ۬ الجم ۪ل ۫ة
ُُالإس ۬م َّي ۫ة ۫
Examples Instrument of Emphasis
... ۪و ۪تــٱللَّـ ۬هُل۪ــاَ ۬كي ُ۪د َُّنُاَ ۮص ۪نـٰ ۪م ۫كم َُّن+ُ ۬فعلُ ۫م ۪ضار۬ع+ُل۪ـ
﴾٥٧:نبياء۰﴿الإ
ُ۬فعل۫ ۪هاُ ۫م ۪ضا ۬ر ۨع ۩ ۬فعل۫ ۪هاُ ۪ما ُ ال ۪من ۬فيare used
The lâm is prefixed to a present tense verb and the nûn is
ُض ُ۫ ال ۫م ۪ثبof emphasis
ت
suffixed to it. These two instruments
together when: positive negative
۪ ۪قا ۪لُ ۪فب۬ ۬ع َّزت۬ك۪ ُل۪ــاُ ۮغ ۬و ۪يــ َّنــ ۫ه ۮمُاَ ۮج ۪م ۬ع
ُ۬ َّلإ۱ينُا 1. The present tense verb denotes futurity and
ُـ٨٢:ينُ﴿ص ۪ ۬ع ۪با ۪د ۪ك ُ۬م ۮن ۫ه ۫مُٱلۮ ۫مخۮ ۪ل ۬ص 2.The lâm is not separatedRequires from the verb No
ُ۬ ( ۪لإ ُ۫مُ ۪ت ۪ل ِّقيُالق ۪۪سthe lâmemphasis
This lâm is called م
emphasis
ال ۪من ۬ف ُي ُال ۫م ۪ثب ۫ت ُال ۫م ۪ثب ۫ت ال ۪من ۬ف ُي ﴾٨٣
of receiving the
required
negative positive positive negative qasam) and the nûn is called كي ۬دُال ۪ث ۬قي ۪لُ۫ة ۬ ن۫ونُ۫ال َّتو
No Requires By Allah, I
Requires
love you a
.ۧيراNo۬ل۪ـاُ ۬حبك۪ ُ ۪كث ُ) ۪واللِ ۬ه١ ۬فعلُ ۫م ۪ضار۬ع+ُل۪ـ
emphasis emphasis emphasis emphasis
required
lot
required ُ۬ ) ۪لإ ُ۫مُ ۪ت ۪ل ِّقيُالق ۪۪س, prefixed to a present tense
Only the lâm (م
۫ َّالش
ُرط ۬انِّيُ ۫مس ۪ت ۬ع ُد۱ سُالل ۪غ ۪ةُال ۪ع ۪رب۬ َّي ۪ةُ ۪فــ
۪ دتُاَنُ ۪تد ۫ر
۪ ۬نُاَ ۪ر۱ا
Now let us join the ۪ق ۪سمto this sentence; by adding ۪واللُِ۬ه ۬نِّيُ ۫مس ۪ت ۬ع ُد۱سُالل ۪غ ۪ةُال ۪ع ۪رب۬ َّي ۪ةُا ۪ ۬نُاَ ۪ر۱۪واللِ ۬هُا
۪ دتُاَنُ ۪تد ۫ر
However, ۪والل ُِ۬هis not commonly used. Instead ( ل۪ـthe letter lâm)) ۬نِّيُ ۫مس ۪ت ۬ع ُد۱سُالل ۪غ ۪ةُال ۪ع ۪رب۬ َّي ۪ةُا ۪ ل۪ـ ۬ئنُاَ ۪ر
۪ دتُاَنُ ۪تد ۫ر
ُ۬ ۮ۱ اare written as ل۪ـئ۬ن
is used and it denotes ۪ق ۪سم. Together ل۪ـand ن
When the qasam is introduced to the shart sentence, the jawab should conform to the qasam and not to the
shart Now the ابُالشَّ رط
shart. ۫ ۪ج ۪و. Hence the ۪فـthat was in the ابُالشَّ رط
۫ ۪ج ۪وwill become ابُالق ۪۪سم ۫ ۪ج ۪وwill no longer be there
in the ۪سم
۪ ابُالق
۫ ۪ج ۪و.
6
وطـ ۪ئـ ۫ةُل۬لق ۪
۪س ُ۬م Examples of الق۫راۯنُال ۪كر۬يم inال َّلآ ۫مُال ۫م ۬
وطـ ۪ئـ ۫ةُل۬لق ۪۪س ۬مُ
- “The lâm that paves the way for the qasam”.اللَّآ ۫مُال ۫م ۬
وطـ ۪ئـ ۫ةُل۬لق ۪
۪س ُ۬م It is not qasam itself, but it is an indication of the qasam. So wherever , it meansل۪ـئ۬ ۮُن is used , as inاللَّآ ۫مُال ۫م ۬
there is an implicit qasam there.
۪واللُِ۬ه If the statement is from anyone other than Allah, e.g. from the believers, the qasam can be estimated to be:
ـيُو ۪جل۪آل۬ـي If the statement is from Allah, the qasam can be estimated to be:
قس ۫مُب۬ـ ۬عـ َّزت۬ ۪
اُ ۬
7
وطـ ۪ئـ ۫ةُل۬لق ۪
۪س ُ۬م Examples of الق۫راۯنُال ۪كر۬يم inال َّلآ ۫مُال ۫م ۬
۪سم When
ابُالق ۪ الجم ۪ل ۫ة ۬
ُالإس ۬م َّي ۫ةُال ۪من ۬ف َّيُ۫ة ۪ isج ۪و ۫ ۫ ۪سم When الجم ۪ل ۫ةُال ۬فعل۬ َّي ۫ة ُ۬فعل۫ ۪هاُ ۪ماض۩ُ ۪من ۬فيُ ۪ isج ۪و ۫
ابُالق ۪ ۫
اُجاۯ ۪ء ۪ك ُ۬م ۪نُٱ ۮل ۬ع ۮل ۬مُ
ُ۪ول۪ـ ۬ئنُُ۬ٱت َّ۪ب ۮع ۪تُاَ ۮه ۪وا ۪ۯء ۫همُ ۪ب ۮعدُ۪ ۪م ۪ ُ۪ول۪ـ ۬ئنُ ۪زال۪ ۪تاۯُا ۬۱ۮنُ َا ۮم ۪س ۪ك ۫ه ۪م ۬
اُم ۮنُ َا ۪ح ۩دُ ِّم ۢنُ ۪ب ۮع ۬د ۯ۬ۦهُ﴿فاطر﴾٤١:
اقُ﴿الرعد﴾٣٧: نُول۬ ۢى ُ۪و ۪ل ۪
إُو ۩ ۪ماُل۪ك۪ ُ ۬م ۪نُٱللَّـ ۬هُ ۬م ۪ رفُن۪ ۬ف ۩ـيُاَ ۮوُا۬۱نُال َّنا ۬ف ۪ي ۫ةُ= ۪ماُال َّنا ۬ف ۪ي ۫ةُ
ا ۱ۮُن۪ :ح ۫
to go off course, to deviate ۪زا ۪لُ ۪ي ۫زو ُ۫ل:
ينُ ُاو ۫تو ۟اُٱ ۮل ۬ك ۪تـٰ ۪بُب۬ ۫ك ِّل ُ۪ءا ۪ي ۩ةُ ُ۪ول۪ـ ۬ئ ۮُنُاَ ۪ت ۮي ۪تُٱلَّ ۬ذ ۪ Note that this verb is ك۪ا ُ۪ن i.e. it is sister ofن۪ا ۬قص ۪ isزا ۪لُ ۪ي ۪زا ُ۫ل , whileت۪ا ُمۭ
َّماُ ۪ت ۬ب ۫عو ۟ا ۬ ٰت ُ۪والإ َ ُ۫
رض) الس ٰمو ۫ ف ۬
ُالإثـ ۪نين۬ ُ ۬فيُ ۪م ۪ح ِّلُ ۪ر ۩فعُ ۪فا ۬ع ۨلُ( َّ يثُ،ا :اَل۬ ۫
تۮُ :ت ۪۫اءُال َّتان۬ ۬
الجم ۪ل ۫ةُال ۬فعل۬ َّي ۫ةُف۬عل۫ ۪هاُ ۪ماض۩ُ ۪من ۬فيُ ُق ۮب ۪ل ۪تك۪ ُُۚ ۪ج ۪واب۫ :
الجم ۪ل ۫ة ۬
ُالإس ۬م َّي ۫ةُال ۪من ۬ف َّ۪ي ۪تُ۫ةـُ۫ة نتُب۬ ۪تاب۬ ۩عُ ۬ق ۮب ۪ل ۪ت ۫ه ۮمُُۚ ۪ج ۪واب۫ : ۪و ۪ماۯُاَ ۪ ينُ ُاو ۫تو ۟اُٱ ۮل ۬ك ۪تـٰ ۪بُب۬ ۫ك ِّل ُ۪ءا ۪ي ۩ةُ
ُ۪ول۪ـ ۬ئ ۮُنُاَ ۪ت ۮي ۪تُٱلَّ ۬ذ ۪
ضُُ۪ۚو ۪ماُ ۪ب ۮع ۫ض ۫همُب۬ ۪تاب۬ ۩ع ُ۬ق ۮب ۪ل ۪ةُ ۪ب ۮع ۩ َّماُ ۪ت ۬ب ۫عو ۟اُ ۬ق ۮب ۪ل ۪تك۪ ُُۚ﴿ ...البقرة﴾١٤٥:
اُجاۯ ۪ء ۪ك ُ۬م ۪نُٱلۮ ۬ع ۮل ۬مُُۙ ُ۪ول۪ـ ۬ئنُُ۬ٱت َّ۪ب ۮع ۪تُاَ ۮه ۪وا ۪ۯء ۫همُ ِّم ۢنُ ۪ب ۮع ۬دُ ۪م ۪
ُ
ين
۪ م۱ا۬نَّـك۪ ُ ۱ا۬ ۧذاُلَّـ ۬م ۪نُٱل َّظـٰ ۬ل ۬ ۪سم When الجم ۪ل ۫ةُال ۬فعل۬ َّي ۫ة ُ۬فعل۫ ۪هاُ ۫م ۪ضار۬ ۨعُ ۪من ۬فيُ ۪ isج ۪و ۫
ابُالق ۪ ۫
۫ ۪ َّ ۬ ۬
جواب :الجم ۪ل ۫ةُالإسمي ۫ةُالمثـبـ ۪تـُ۫ة۫ ۪۪ ﴿البقرة﴾١٤٥: نس ُ۪وٱلۮ ۬جنُ ۪ع ۪ل ٰۯىُاَنُ ۪يا۰ۮت۫و ۟اُب۬ ۬م ۮث ۬لُ ق۫لُلَّـ ۬ئنُُ۬ ۮٱج ۪ت ۪م ۪ع ۬تُٱ ۮل ۬۱إ ۫
انُ ۪لإُ ۪يا۰ۮت۫ونُ۪ب۬ ۬م ۮث ۬ل ۬هۦُ﴿الإ ۱سراء﴾٨٨: ۪هـٰ ۪ذاُٱلۮ ۫ق ۮر ۪ء ۬
ل۪ـ ۬ئ ۮُنُاُخۮ ر ۫۬جو ۟اُ ۪لإُ ۪يخۮ ۫ر ۫جونُ۪ ۪م ۪ع ۫ه ۮُم
ُ ُ۪ول۪ـ ۬ئنُق۫وت۬ل۫و ۟اُ ۪لإُ ۪ي ۫
Note, if the sentence is negative, there is no need
۪سم for emphasis in the نص ۫رون۪ ۫ه ۮمُ﴿الحشر﴾١٢:
ابُالق ۪
۪ج ۪و ۫
8
وطـ ۪ئـ ۫ةُل۬لق ۪
۪س ُ۬م Examples of الق۫راۯنُال ۪كر۬يم inال َّلآ ۫مُال ۫م ۬
۪سم When
ابُالق ۪ الجم ۪ل ۫ةُال ۬فعل۬ َّي ۫ة ُ۬فعل۫ ۪هاُ ۫م ۪ضار۬ ۨعُ ۫م ۪ثب ُۨ
ت ۪ isج ۪و ۫ )۫ (Its use in the Qur’an is prolific
ُ۪ول۪ـ ۬ئنُلَّ ۮمُ ۪ي ۮف ۪ع ۮلُ ۪ماۯ ُ۪ءا ۫م ۫ر ۫هۥُل۪ ۫ي ۮس ۪ج ۪ن َّن ُ۪ول۪ ۪ي ۫كونۧاُ ِّم ۪نُ ل۪ـ ۬ئنُلَّ ۮمُ ۪تن ۪ت ۬هُ ۪لإ َ ۮر ۫ج ۪م َّنك۪ ُ﴿مريم﴾٤٦:
۬ينُ﴿يوسف﴾٣٢: ٱلصـٰ ۬غر ۪
َّ
وطُل۪ ۪ت ۫كون۪ َّنُ ۬م ۪نُٱلۮ ۫مخۮ ۪ر ۬ج ۪
۪قال۫و ۟اُل۪ـ ۬ئنُلَّ ۮمُ ۪تن ۪ت ۬هُ ۪يـٰل۫ ۫
النونُ۫الخ۪ ۬في ۪فُ۫ة This last nûn is
ل۬ ۪ي ۫
كون ۮ۪نُ( )ل۬ ۪ي ۫كونۧاُ=
ينُ
وط ۪ئ ۫ةُل۬لق ۪۪س ۬مُ
ل۪ـُ :اللَّآ ۫مُال ۫م ۬
﴿الشعراء﴾١٦٧:
ُجاز۬ ۨمُ ۪تج ۬ز ۫مُف۬ع ۪لينُ۬ ۪م ۮنُ :ا۬س ۫مُش۪ ۩
رط ۪
۪وا ۬۱ۮذُ ۪تاَ َّذنُ۪ ۪رب ۫ك ۮمُل۪ـ ۬ئنُش۪ ۪ك ۮرت۫ ۮمُ ۪لإَز۬ي ۪دنَّ ۫ك ۮمُُۖ
َُّج ۪ه َّن ۪م ُ۬من ۫ك ۮمُ َا ۮج ۪م ۬ع ۪
ينُ ل۪ـ ۪منُ ۪ت ۬ب ۪عك۪ ُ۬م ۮن ۫ه ۮمُ ۪لإ َ ۮم ۪لآَن ۪
﴿الإ۰عراف﴾١٨: ك ۪ف ۮر ۫ت ۮمُ ۬۱انَُّ ۪ع ۪ذاب۬ىُل۪ش۪ ۬ديدُۨ﴿ابراهيم﴾٧: ُ۪ول۪ـ ۬ئنُ ۪
۪ولُ۪ـ ۬ئنُق۫ ۮل ۪تُ ۱ا۬نَّ ۫كمُ َّم ۮب ۫عوث۫ون ۬
ُ۪م ۢنُ ۪ب ۮع ۬دُٱلۮ ۪م ۮو ۬تُ ين ُ۬منُ ۪ق ۮب ۬لك۪ ُ ۪ول۪ ۪ق ۮدُاُ ۬
وح ۪ىُا۬۱ل۪ ۮيك۪ ُ۪و ۱ا۬ ۪لىُٱلَّ ۬ذ ۪
إُس ۮح ۨرُم ۬بي ۨنُ﴿هود﴾٧: ل۪ ۪يق۫ول۪ َّنُٱلَّ ۬ذ ۪
ينُ ۪كف ۪۫ر ۯو ۟اُ ۬۱ا ۮنُ ۪هـٰ ۪ذاۯُاَّ ۬۱ل ۬
ل۪ـ ۬ئ ۮُنُاَ ۮش ۪ر ۮك ۪تُل۪ ۪ي ۮح ۪ب ۪ط َّنُ ۪ع ۪مل۫ك۪ ُ۪ول۪ ۪ت ۫كو ۪ن َّن ُ۬م ۪نُٱلۮ ۪خـٰ ۬سر ۪
۬ينُ
﴿الزمر﴾٦٥:
Please ponder over the following examples. Identify the
qasam and the jawab-ul-qasam.
ُ۪ول۪ـ ۬ئنُ ۪ساَلۮ ۪ت ۫همُ َّم ۮن ۪
ُخ ۪ل ۪ق ۫ه ۮمُل۪ ۪يق۫ول۫ َّنُٱللَّـ ۫هُ﴿الزخرف﴾٨٧:
اُو ۪ت ۮر ۪ح ۮم ۪ناُ اُوا۬۱نُلَّ ۮمُ ۪ت ۮغ ۬ف ۮرُل۪ ۪ن ۪
۪قا ۪لإُ ۪ر َّب ۪ناُ ۪ظ ۪ل ۮم ۪ناۯُاَنف ۪۫س ۪ن ۪
۬ينُ﴿الإ۰عراف﴾٢٣: ل۪ ۪ن ۫كو ۪ن َُّنُ ۬م ۪نُٱلۮ ۪خـٰ ۬سر ۪ ُ۪ول۪ـ ۬ئنُمت ۮمُاَ ۮوُق۫ ۬ت ۮل ۫ت ۮمُ ۪ل ۬۱إل۪ىُٱللَّـ ۬هُت۫ ۮحش۪ ۫رونُ۪﴿اۯلُعمران﴾١٥٨:
9
َّ ال َمم ُنو ُع ِم َن
ِ الص
The Diptote – رف
ُم َعربnoun is the one that declines, i.e. dhun, dhan, dhin; Noun that
Diptote is a ُم َعربnoun, which: changes the final vowel to indicate its function in the sentence.
1. Does not accept the tanwin, and
2. Does not decline fully, i.e. it takes fathah instead of kasrah when it is majrûr
1 ﴾٤٠:﴿المعارج َفلَا اّْ ْق ِس ُم بِ َـر ِّب ٱلْ َمشَ ـٰر ِِق َوٱلْ َم َغـٰر ِِب اِنَّا لَ َقـٰ ِد ُرو َن
If it is decorated with the definite article الـ نَـ َزلْ ُت ِفي َه ِذ ِه ال َف َنا ِد ِق I stayed in these hotels
Write with a red pen اُك ُت ْب بِـ َق َل ٍم اّّ ْح َم َر Write with the red pen اُك ُت ْب بِـال َق َل ِم الأ ّّ ْح َم ِر
3
ال َع َل ُم الأ ّّ ْع َج ِم ُّي Examples of Grammatical Analysis for
Please remember the proper noun وسى
ُ is a non-Arabicم َ َمرفُو ٌع
name and therefore it is diptote
وسى
َج َاء ُم َ
ض َمبنِي َع َلى ال َف ْت ِح فِع ٌل َما ٍ َج َاء
وب
نص ٌ
َم ُ َف ِاع ٌل َمرفُو ٌع َو َعلَا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّم ٌة ُم َق َّد َر ٌة َع َلى ا ِخ ِر ِه وسى
ُم َ
َراّّ ْي ُت ُم َ
وسى
ون لِأت َِّصالِ ِه بِ َض ِمي ِر َرفْ ٍع ُم َت َح ِّر ٍك
الس ُك ِ
ض َمبنِي َع َلى ُّ فِع ٌل َما ٍ َراّّ ْيـ
الض ِّم فِي َم َح ِّل َرفْ ٍع فَا ِع ٌل
َض ِمي ٌر ُم َّت ِص ٌل َمب ِني َعلَى َّ ـت
ُ
جرو ٌر وب َو َعلَا َم ُة ن َْصبِ ِه َف ْت َح ٌة ُم َق َّد َر ٌة َع َلى ا ِخ ِر ِه وسى َمف ُعو ٌل بِ ِه َم ُ
نص ٌ ُم َ
َم ُ
َسلَّ ْم ُت َع َلى ُم َ
وسى
ون لِأت َِّصالِ ِه بِ َض ِمي ِر َرفْ ٍع ُم َت َح ِّر ٍك
الس ُك ِ
ض َمبنِي َع َلى ُّ فِع ٌل َما ٍ َسلَّ ْمـ
الض ِّم فِي َم َح ِّل َرفْ ٍع فَا ِع ٌل
َض ِمي ٌر ُم َّت ِص ٌل َمبنِي َعلَى َّ ـت
ُ
ابونَ .لأ َم َح َّل لَ ُه ِم َن ِالأ ْع َر ِ الس ُك ِ رف َج ٍّر َمبنِي َع َلى ُّ َح ُ َع َلى
جرو ٌر (بِـ َع َلى) َو َعلَا َم ُة َج ِّر ِه َف ْت َح ٌة ُم َق َّد َر ٌة َع َلى ا ِخ ِر ِه
اِس ٌم َم ُ وسى
ُم َ
لِأّّنَّ ُه َم ْم ُنو ٌع ِم َن َّ
الص ْر ِف
4
ِالأس ُم ال َم ُ
قصو ُر Examples of Grammatical Analysis for
جرو ٌر
َم ُ
َمرفُو ٌع
َخ َر ْج ُت ِم َن ال ُم ْس َت ْشفَى َف ِا َذا َص ِدي ِقي َين َت ِظ ُرنِي بِ ُع ْل َب ٍة ِم َن َ
الح ْل َوى
ون لِأت َِّصالِ ِه بِ َض ِمي ِر َرفْ ٍع ُم َت َح ِّر ٍك
الس ُك ِ فِع ٌل َما ٍ
ال ُم ْس َت ْشفَى َك ِبـ ْيـ ٌر
ض َمبنِي َع َلى ُّ َخ َر ْجـ
ال ُم ْس َتشْ فَى ُم ْب َتدَا ٌ َمرفُو ٌع َو َعلَا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّم ٌة ُم َق َّد َر ٌة َع َلى ا ِخ ِر ِه
الض ِّم فِي َم َح ِّل َرفْ ٍع فَ ِاع ٌل
َض ِم ٌير ُم َّت ِص ٌل َمبنِي َعلَى َّ ـتُ
ونَ .لأ َم َح َّل لَ ُه ِم َن ِالأ ْع َر ِ َخ َب ٌر َمرفُو ٌع َو َعلَا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّم ٌة َظا ِه َر ٌة َكبِـ ْي ٌـر
اب الس ُك ِ رف َج ٍّر َمبنِي َع َلى ُّ َح ُ ِم ْن
جرو ٌر (بِ ِم ْن) َو َعلَا َم ُة َج ِّر ِه ك َْس َر ٌة ُم َق َّد َر ٌة َعلَى ا ِخ ِر ِه ال ُم ْس َتشْ فَى اِس ٌم َم ُ وب
نص ٌ
َم ُ
اب رف َع ْط ٍف َمبنِي َع َلى ال َف ْت ِحَ .لأ َم َح َّل لَ ُه ِم َن ِالأ ْع َر ِ َح ُ َفـ
َراّّ ْي ُت ال ُم ْس َت ْشفَى ال َك ِبـ ْي َـر
رف لِ ُم َج َّر ِد ال َّر ْب ِط
اِ َذا الف َُجائِـ َّيـ ُةَ ،ح ٌ اِ َذا
ون لِأت َِّصالِ ِه بِ َض ِمي ِر َرفْ ٍع الس ُك ِض َمبنِي َع َلى ُّ فِع ٌل َما ٍ َراّّ ْيـ
ُم ْب َتدَا ٌ َمرفُو ٌع َو َعلَا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّم ٌة ُم َق َّد َر ٌة َع َلى ا ِخ ِر ِه َو ُه َو ُم َض ٌ
اف َص ِدي ِقـ ُم َت َح ِّر ٍك
ون فِي َم َح ِّل َج ٍّر ُم َض ٌ
اف اِلَي ِه الس ُك ِ َض ِمي ٌر ُم َّت ِص ٌل َمبنِي َعلَى ُّ ْي الض ِّم فِي َم َح ِّل َرفْ ٍع فَا ِع ٌل َض ِمي ٌر ُم َّت ِص ٌل َمبنِي َعلَى َّ ـت ُ
الض ِّم .الفَا ِع ُل َض ِم ٌير ُم ْس َتتِ ٌر َتق ِد ُير ُه ُه َو
فِع ٌل ُم َضارِ ٌع َمرفُو ٌع بِ َّ َي ْن َت ِظ ُر وب َو َعلَا َم ُة ن َْصبِ ِه َف ْت َح ٌة ُم َق َّد َر ٌة َع َلى ال ُم ْس َتشْ فَى َمف ُعو ٌل بِ ِه َم ُ
نص ٌ
نُو ُن ال ِو َقا َي ِة َمبنِي َع َلى ال َك ْس ِرَ .لأ َم َح َّل لَ َها ِم َن ِالأ ْع َر ِ
اب نِـ ا ِخ ِر ِه
ون فِي َم َح ِّل ن َْص ٍب َم ْف ُعو ٌل بِ ِه الس ُك ِ
َض ِمي ٌر ُم َّت ِص ٌل َمبنِي َعلَى ُّ ْي وب َو َعلَا َم ُة ن َْصبِ ِه َف ْت َح ٌة َظا ِه َر ٌة
نص ٌ نَ ْع ٌت َم ُ ال َكبِـ ْي َـر
رف َج ٍّر َمبنِي َع َلى ال َك ْس ِرَ .لأ َم َح َّل لَ ُه ِم َن ِالأ ْع َر ِ
اب َح ُ بِـ
جرو ٌر َو َعلَا َم ُة َج ِّر ِه ك َْس َر ٌة َظا ِه َر ٌة
اِس ٌم َم ُ ُع ْل َب ٍة
جرو ٌر فِي َم َح ِّل َج ٍّر نَ ْع ٌت لِل ُع ْل َب ِة ِم َن َ
الح ْل َوى َجار َو َم ُ
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الج ْم ُع ال ُم َت َنا ِهي َ ofم ْنقُوص Examples of Grammatical Analysis for
َ
َ , is on theم ْع ًنى َ , which is the plural ofم َع ٍ
ان The word َمرفُو ٌع
pattern of الج ُمو ِع( َمف ِ
َاع ُل الج ْم ُع ال ُم َت َنا ِهيُ /م ْن َت َهى ُ
َ – The َه ِذ ِه ال َك ِل َم ُة لَ َها َم َع ٍان َك ِث َير ٌة
ultimate plural), َ asم ْنقُوص plural and at the same time it is اِس ُم اِشَ ا َر ٍة َمبنِي َع َلى ال َك ْس ِر فِي َم َح ِّل َر ْف ٍع ُمب َتدَا ٌ َه ِذ ِه
َ ). Other examples include:م َعان ِ ُي( its 3rd radical is ya
َ of theم ْنقُوص . These are called theلَ َي ٍال ،نَ َوا ٍدَ ،ج َوارٍ ال َك ِل َم ُة َب َد ٌل َمرفُو ٌع َو َعلَا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّم ٌة َظا ِه َر ٌة
الج ْم ُع ال ُم َت َنا ِهي
َ , and they are treated just as the جرو ٌر ِش ْب ُه ُج ْملَ ٍة فِي َم َح ِّل َر ْف ٍع َخ َب ٌر لِـ ” َم َع ٍان“ َجار َو َم ُ لَ َها
اِ ْع َراب َ inم ْنقُوص َم َع ٍان ُمب َتدَا ٌ َم ْرفُو ٌع َو َعلَا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّم ٌة ُم َق َّد َر ٌة َع َلى َاليا ِء ال َم ْح ُذو َف ِة
جرو ٌر
َم ُ الج ْم َل ُة ِالأ ْس ِم َّي ُة ”لَ َها َم َع ٍان َك ِث َير ٌة“ فِي
الض ِّمَ .و ُ َكثِ َير ٌة نَ ْع ٌت َم ْرفُو ٌع بِ َّ
َم َح ِّل َر ْف ٍع َخ َب ٌر لِـ ” َه ِذ ِه“
ُت ْس َت ْع َم ُل َه ِذ ِه ال َك ِل َم ُة بِ َم َع ٍان َك ِث َير ٍة
وب
نص ٌ
َم ُ
ول َمرفُو ٌع َو َعلَا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّم ٌة َظا ِه َر ٌة تُ ْس َت ْع َم ُل فِع ٌل ُم َضارِ ٌع لِل َمج ُه ِ
َع َلى ا ِخ ِر ِه ِف َم َعانِ َي َك ِث َير ًة لِ َه ِذ ِه ال َك ِل َم ِة
اّّ ْعر ُ
َه ِذ ِه اِس ُم اِشَ ا َر ٍة َمبنِي َع َلى ال َك ْس ِر فِي َم َح ِّل َر ْف ٍع نَائِ ُب الفَا ِع ِل َاع ُل َض ِم ٌير ُم ْس َتتِ ٌر َتق ِد ُير ُه اّّنَا الض ِّم .الف ِ ِف فِع ٌل ُم َضارِ ٌع َمرفُو ٌع بِ َّ اّّ ْعر ُ
ال َكلِ َم ُة َب َد ٌل َمرفُو ٌع َو َعلَا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّم ٌة َظا ِه َر ٌة وب َو َعلَا َم ُة ن َْصبِ ِه َف ْت َح ٌة َظا ِه َر ٌة َعلَى ا ِخ ِر ِه َم َعانِ َي َم ْف ُعو ٌل بِ ِه َم ْن ُص ٌ
اب رف َج ٍّر َمبنِي َع َلى ال َك ْس ِرَ .لأ َم َح َّل لَ ُه ِم َن ِالأ ْع َر ِ َح ُ بِـ وب َو َعلَا َم ُة ن َْصبِ ِه َف ْت َح ٌة َظا ِه َر ٌة
َكثِ َير ًة نَ ْع ٌت َم ْن ُص ٌ
جرو ٌر َو َعلَا َم ُة َج ِّر ِه َف ْت َح ٌة ُم َق َّد َر ٌة َعلَى َاليا ِء ال َم ْح ُذو َف ِة َم َع ٍان اِس ٌم َم ُ ابرف َج ٍّر َمب ِني َع َلى ال َك ْس ِرَ .لأ َم َح َّل لَ ُه ِم َن ِالأ ْع َر ِ َح ُ لِـ
الص ْر ِفلِأّّنَّ ُه َم ْم ُنو ٌع ِم َن َّ َه ِذ ِه اِس ُم اِشَ ا َر ٍة َمبنِي َع َلى ال َك ْس ِر فِي َم َح ِّل َج ٍّر اِ ْس ٌم َم ْج ُرو ٌر
جرو ٌر َو َعلَا َم ُة َج ِّر ِه ك َْس َر ٌة َظا ِه َر ٌة َكثِ َير ٍة نَ ْع ٌت َم ُ جرو ٌر َو َعلَا َم ُة َج ِّر ِه ك َْس َر ٌة َظا ِه َر ٌة
ال َكلِ َم ِة َب َد ٌل َم ُ
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