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Intro - 1
AFT Fathom™ 9
Intro - 2
AFT Fathom™ Add-On Modules
Intro - 3
AFT Arrow™ 6
Intro - 4
AFT Arrow™ Add-On Module
Intro - 5
AFT Impulse™ 6
Intro - 7
AFT Mercury™ 7
AFT Titan™ 4
Models and designs network pipe systems
Combines a powerful hydraulic solver and flexible graphical
interface with an advanced optimization engine
– Automatically selects best pipe and component sizes to minimize
initial or life cycle cost, size or weight using IntelliFlow®
Ability to apply multiple constraints to pipes and junctions
Cost optimization may include;
– non-recurring costs (materials and installation)
– recurring costs (energy and maintenance) including time varying
cost (energy costs varying with time)
Offers customizable engineering and cost databases
Includes powerful modeling and output capabilities
of AFT Fathom 7 and Arrow 4
Intro - 8
Additional Software Products
Intro - 9
Product Applications
Intro - 11
AFT Flow Expert Package™ (2)
Intro - 12
F1. Overview of AFT Fathom
Overview of Seminar
INTRODUCTION
AFT FATHOM
F1. Overview of AFT Fathom
F2. Hydraulic Solution Methodology
F3. Demonstration Problem - Sizing a Pump
F4. Understanding Solution Control Options
F5. AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
F6. Troubleshooting AFT Fathom Models
F7. The Five Primary Windows
F8. Pipe and Junction Details
F9. Special Topics
F10. Using the Scenario Manager
F11. Customizing Fathom and Using Databases
F12. Introduction to AFT Fathom Modules
F13. More AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
Nomenclature
A cross-sectional flow area of a pipe H head
c p specific heat, constant pressure HGL hydraulic gradeline (same as head)
C D discharge coefficient J Jacobian matrix
C V valve coefficient k thermal conductivity
C HW Hazen-Williams factor K loss factor
D diameter of a pipe K constant for Power Law fluid
f friction factor K sprinkler fire sprinkler loss factor
f T turbulent friction factor (used by Crane, 1988) L length of a pipe
•
F error value in mass balance m mass flow rate
g gravitational constant n general constant
h internal convection coefficient n constant for Power Law fluid
h enthalpy, static Nu Nusselt Number
Nomenclature (2)
P o pressure, stagnation T temperature, static
P w wetted perimeter U overall heat transfer coefficient
q heat rate to a pipe V velocity
Q volumetric flow rate x distance along pipe centerline
q" heat flux z elevation
r radius α, µ, θ angle
r relaxation β diameter ratio
R, R' resistance ε roughness
R c coefficient of rigidity ν, µ kinematic viscosity, dynamic viscosity
Re Reynolods Number ρ density
Subscripts
i junction at which solution is sought
j junctions with pipes connecting to junction i
o stagnation
∞ infinity, far away, ambient
AFT Fathom General Description
F1 -1
AFT Fathom General Description (2)
F1 -2
Components That Can Be Modeled
F1 -3
Components That Can Be Modeled (2)
F1 -4
Engineering Limitations
F1 -5
Fathom 9 Startup Window
F1 -6
Primary Windows
Model Data
Visual Report
Workspace Output
Graph Results
F1 -8
Workspace
Multiple features available with Quick Access Panel
– Can pin Quick Access Panel to the Workspace or minimize with
thumbtack to allow for more Workspace area
Quick
These icons represent Access
different components Panel
F1 -9
Quick Access Panel – Activate Modules
F1 -10
Workspace - Editing Features
F1 -11
Workspace – Editing Features (2)
F1 -12
Workspace - Platform for Data Entry
All pipe and junction objects placed onto the Workspace are
interactive
To open the Properties window for data entry, just double-click
the graphical object
– Alternatively, you can select the object by clicking on it once and
then press the Enter key
– Or you can select the object by clicking on it once and then click
on the Open Pipe/Jct Window button on the Workspace Toolbar
The Properties windows are the primary manner in which
component data is entered
The Global Pipe Edit and Global Junction Edit windows can
speed up data entry
F1 -13
Workspace - Reporting
The Workspace image can be sent to printers and plotters
Print Preview allows page customization
– The image can be sized on the page
– A company logo and custom text can be added
F1 -14
Model Data Window
F1 -15
Model Data Window (2)
F1 -16
Output Window
F1 -17
Output Window (2)
F1 -18
Visual Report Window
F1 -19
Graph Results Window
F1 -20
F2. Hydraulic Solution Methodology
Overview of Seminar
INTRODUCTION
AFT FATHOM
F1. Overview of AFT Fathom
F2. Hydraulic Solution Methodology
F3. Demonstration Problem - Sizing a Pump
F4. Understanding Solution Control Options
F5. AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
F6. Troubleshooting AFT Fathom Models
F7. The Five Primary Windows
F8. Pipe and Junction Details
F9. Special Topics
F10. Using the Scenario Manager
F11. Customizing Fathom and Using Databases
F12. Introduction to AFT Fathom Modules
F13. More AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
Introduction
F2 -1
Pressure Definitions
Static Hydrostatic
Dynamic
(or Velocity)
Mass Conservation
m = ρAV
F2 -3
Law of Friction
F2 -4
Law of Friction (2)
Special friction models available for pulp and paper stock and
crude oil
F2 -5
Modified Form for Law of Friction
Basic law
L 1 2
∆Ploss = f ρV
D2
Substituting mass flow rate definition
L 1 m
2
∆Ploss = f ρ
D 2 ρA
∑ m
j =1
ij =0
Po , j − Po ,i + ρg (h j − hi )
0.5
F2 -7
Balancing Mass at Branches (2)
Po , j − Po ,i + ρg (h j − hi )
0.5
F2 -8
Solving the Equations
F2 -9
Solving the Equations (2)
Initially the pipe flow rates are not known so an error, F, exists
at each branch
Po , j − Po ,i + ρg (h j − hi )
0.5
F2 -10
The Newton-Raphson Method
F(xi)
-F'(xi)
x
xi xi+1 F2 -11
Solving the System
∂Fi n
−
=∑
0. 5
0.5
(Po, j − Po,i + ρg (h j − hi )) − 0.5
∂Pi j =1 Rij
∂Fi 0.5
= 0.5 (Po , j − Po ,i + ρg (h j − hi ))
− 0.5
∂Pi Rij
F2 -13
Solving the Matrix
F2 -14
Solving the Matrix (2)
F2 -15
Test Problem #1
P = 200 psig P = 175 psig
1 2
h = 0 feet h = 0 feet
pipe 1 pipe 2
4
Steel - ANSI pipe, STD schedules
h = 0 feet Fluid is Water @ 70 deg F
F (Pold )
Pnew = Pold −
F ' (Pold )
F2 -17
Note: All pressures here are stagnation
Convergence
F2 -18
Flow Rate Updates
F2 -19
Solver Flow Chart
Update Hydraulic
Start Losses and Pumps
Solve Junction
Pressures
No
No Yes
Converged ? > Max Iterations ? End
Yes
Recalculate Mass Recalculate
Flow Rates Temperatures
No
No Yes
Converged ? > Max Iterations ? End
Yes
Recalculate
Temperatures
No No
Converged ? > Max Iterations ?
Yes Yes
Return End
F2 -20
Known Flow Vs. Known Pressure
Junctions
At all system boundaries AFT Fathom must solve for either
flow or pressure
User cannot specify both flow and pressure at the same point
because there would be nothing for AFT Fathom to solve
Either the flow rate calculation or the pressure calculation
must be available to AFT Fathom
F2 -21
F3. Demonstration Problem – Sizing a
Pump
Overview of Seminar
INTRODUCTION
AFT FATHOM
F1. Overview of AFT Fathom
F2. Hydraulic Solution Methodology
F3. Demonstration Problem - Sizing a Pump
F4. Understanding Solution Control Options
F5. AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
F6. Troubleshooting AFT Fathom Models
F7. The Five Primary Windows
F8. Pipe and Junction Details
F9. Special Topics
F10. Using the Scenario Manager
F11. Customizing Fathom and Using Databases
F12. Introduction to AFT Fathom Modules
F13. More AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
Pipes
F3 -1
* XTS module allows transient flow in pipes
Pipes (2)
F3 -2
Junctions
F3 -3
Junctions (2)
F3 -5
Creating Objects (2)
F3 -6
Moving Objects
F3 -7
Moving Objects (2)
F3 -8
Connecting Pipes and Junctions
F3 -9
Editing Objects
F3 -10
Lay Out the Model
F3 -11
Using the Checklist
F3 -12
Using the Checklist (2)
F3 -13
Checklist – Quick Access Panel
Status Light
F3 -14
Using the Object Status Feature
F3 -15
Using the Object Status Feature (2)
F3 -16
Using Undefined Objects Window
F3 -17
Solution Control Window
F3 -18
Output Control Window
F3 -19
Output Control Window (2)
F3 -21
System Properties Window (2)
F3 -23
Entering Pipe and Junction Data
F3 -24
Input Data For Pipes
For the demo problem we will modify the data for each pipe
individually
– The data can also be entered using Global Pipe Edit
All pipes must have data for
– Length
– Diameter
– Roughness
In addition, each pipe must have two connecting junctions
F3 -25
Input Data For Junctions
F3 -26
Data For Bend Junctions
F3 -27
Data For Heat Exchanger
F3 -28
Data For Assigned Pressure
F3 -29
Data For Pump
F3 -30
Inspecting Objects
F3 -31
Inspecting Objects – Quick Access Panel
F3 -32
Model Data Window
The Model Data window is useful for reviewing the text input
for the model
– All data can be printed out for documentation
Model Data can be accessed from the Model Data Primary
Window tab from the Window menu
Use the Model Data window to do a quick sanity check of the
input
– Incorrect units or a typo become more obvious in Model Data
Double-clicking the far left column of the tables opens the
appropriate Properties Window
F3 -33
Running Models - Solution Progress
Window
When a model is complete, the Run command is enabled
The model can be run by choosing Run from the Analysis
Menu or clicking the appropriate toolbar icon
When a model is running, the Solution Progress Window
displays
The Solution Progress Window shows the status of the
Solver's progress towards convergence
F3 -34
Running Models – Solution Progress
Window (2)
The Solution Progress Window allows you to Cancel or Pause
the run so that Solution Control parameters can be modified
– Modifying Solution Control parameters during runtime may help
for difficult models
When the solution converges, you are notified
When you select View Output, you are immediately taken to
the Output Window
F3 -35
Output Window
The Output Window displays text output for your model and is
accessed from the Primary Window tabs or the Window menu
The Output Control Window allows you to customize the
content of the output
Each section can be re-sized or collapsed allowing the user to
focus on any of the sections
Each section may have multiple tabs to quickly view data by
type
Print Content allows you to select the content of the printed
report
F3 -36
Output Window (2)
F3 -37
Enter a Pump Curve
F3 -38
Graph Results
F3 -39
Visual Report
F3 -40
US
Input Data for Demo 1
Fluid is water at 70F Heat Exchanger Data is
0 psid @ 0 gpm
All pipe is 3“, STD (schedule 40), Steel – 20 psid @ 200 gpm
ANSI 80 psid @ 400 gpm
Assigned Pressure is set to 20 psig, Pump is 200 gpm for sizing, then
Stagnation 170 ft. @ 0 gpm
150 ft. @ 100 gpm
All elbows are Standard Elbows 120 ft. @ 200 gpm
80 ft. @ 300 gpm
F3 -41
SI
Input Data for Demo 1
Fluid is water at 20C Heat Exchanger Data is
0 bar (0 kPa) @ 0 m3/hr
All pipe is 3" (7.8 cm ID) STD (schedule 40), 1.5 bar (150 kPa) @ 50 m3/hr
Steel - ANSI 6 bar (600 kPa) @ 100 m3/hr
Assigned Pressure is set to 2 barG (200 Pump is 50 m3/hr for sizing, then
kPa-g), Stagnation 55 m @ 0 m3/hr
52 m @ 25 m3/hr
All elbows are Standard Elbows 45 m @ 50 m3/hr
30 m @ 75 m3/hr
F3 -42
F4. Understanding Solution Control
Overview of Seminar
INTRODUCTION
AFT FATHOM
F1. Overview of AFT Fathom
F2. Hydraulic Solution Methodology
F3. Demonstration Problem - Sizing a Pump
F4. Understanding Solution Control Options
F5. AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
F6. Troubleshooting AFT Fathom Models
F7. The Five Primary Windows
F8. Pipe and Junction Details
F9. Special Topics
F10. Using the Scenario Manager
F11. Customizing Fathom and Using Databases
F12. Introduction to AFT Fathom Modules
F13. More AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
Solution Control Window Summary
F4 -1
Solution Control Window Summary (2)
Tolerance tab -
General tab -
F4 -2
How To Use Solution Control
F4 -3
Tolerance Summary
F4 -4
Tolerances and Convergence
F4 -5
Tolerances and Convergence (2)
F4 -6
Relative Tolerance
Convergence = True
Else
Convergence = False
End If
F4 -7
Relative Tolerance (2)
F4 -8
Absolute Tolerance
Convergence = True
Else
Convergence = False
End If
F4 -9
Absolute Tolerance (2)
F4 -10
Tolerance Application: Test Problem #1
1 2
pipe 3
P = 160 psig
h = 0 feet 3 pipe L (ft) D (in) rho (lbm/ft3)
f
1 0.0219 100 4 62
2 0.0156 75 4 62
3 0.0180 125 6 62
F4 -11
Tolerance Application: Test Problem #1
(2)
Note that this convergence and tolerance is for pressure
F4 -12
Solver Flow Chart
Update Hydraulic
Start Losses and Pumps
Solve Junction
Pressures
No
No Yes
Converged ? > Max Iterations ? End
Yes
Recalculate Mass Recalculate
Flow Rates Temperatures
No
No Yes
Converged ? > Max Iterations ? End
Yes
Recalculate
Temperatures
No No
Converged ? > Max Iterations ?
Yes Yes
m i ,new r m i , new m i ,old m i ,old pi ,new rp ( pi ,new pi ,old ) pi ,old
F4 -14
Relaxation Overview (2)
F4 -15
Relaxation Application
F4 -16
Completing the Picture on Tolerance
The Solution Progress Window (which displays while the
Solver is running) communicates the maximum out of
tolerance junction pressure and pipe flow rate
Junction pressures are solved first, then the pipe flow rates
and temperatures are updated
F4 -17
Using Transfer Results to Initial Guesses
Feature
The Output Window has a feature called Transfer Results to
Initial Guesses
– Transfer Results can be accessed from the Edit menu or the
toolbar (push pin)
This feature takes the current results and transfers them to
the initial guess for each pipe and junction
In some cases this makes the model run much faster in the
future
Transfer Results to Initial Guesses can be always enabled
with the Output Control window
F4 -18
Maximum Iterations
F4 -19
Iteration History
F4 -20
F5. AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
Overview of Seminar
INTRODUCTION
AFT FATHOM
F1. Overview of AFT Fathom
F2. Hydraulic Solution Methodology
F3. Demonstration Problem - Sizing a Pump
F4. Understanding Solution Control Options
F5. AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
F6. Troubleshooting AFT Fathom Models
F7. The Five Primary Windows
F8. Pipe and Junction Details
F9. Special Topics
F10. Using the Scenario Manager
F11. Customizing Fathom and Using Databases
F12. Introduction to AFT Fathom Modules
F13. More AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
Introduction to Scenario Manager
F5 -1
Introduction to Scenario Manager (2)
From Quick
Access Panel
F5 -2
Hydraulics Tutorial
F5 -3
3
Hydraulics Tutorial Part II
2
Ref: Hydraulics Tutorial.fth
3
F5 -4
US
Build Model of Hand Calculated System
1 2
pipe 1 pipe 2 Po = 175 psig
Po = 200 psig h = 20 feet
h = 10 feet
Water at 70 F
4
Steel - ANSI Pipe, STD (schedule 40)
h = 5 feet
pipe L (ft) D (in)
pipe 3 1 100 4
2 75 4
3 125 6
Po = 160 psig
3
h = 30 feet
F5 -6
US
Pumped System
Determine the pump head and power (ideal) for the following
system
– Water system at 70 degrees F
– Reservoir at 10 feet elevation needs to be pumped up a hill to a
reservoir at 200 feet elevation
– Flow requirement is 500 gpm
– The total pipe length is 1000 feet
– The pipe is 4 inch Schedule 40 Steel – ANSI
– Pump elevation = 0 feet
Model Test 2.FTH / Test 2
F5 -7
US
Pumped System (2)
Hints:
– The pipe depths at the reservoirs do not affect the answer -
assume 10 feet
– The pump should be as close to the supply reservoir as possible
to maximize pump suction pressure - assume 10 feet distance
from the supply reservoir
F5 -8
US
Pumped System Modification #1
F5 -9
US
Pumped System Modification #2
Hint:
– The filter only has one data point, but it can be assumed to
follow the square law of pressure drop vs. flow rate (use the “fill
as quadratic” feature)
F5 -10
US
Control Valve Problem
F5 -11
US
Control Valve Problem (2)
Hint:
– The control valve location does not affect the answer - assume it
is in the middle of the pipe
– Note that there are several approaches to solve this problem
F5 -12
SI
Build Model of Hand Calculated System
1 2
pipe 1 pipe 2
Po = 13 barG Po = 11 barG
h = 0 meters h = 0 meters
4 Water at 20 C
h = 0 meters Steel – ANSI Pipe, STD (schedule 40)
F5 -13
SI
Modify Test Model #1
1 2
pipe 1 pipe 2
Po = 13 barG Po = 11 barG
h = 3 meters h = 6 meters
4 Water at 20 C
h = 1.5 meters Steel – ANSI Pipe, STD (schedule 40)
F5 -14
SI
Pumped System
Determine the pump head and power (ideal) for the following
system
– Water system at 21 degrees C
– Reservoir at 3 meters elevation needs to be pumped up a hill to
a reservoir at 60 meters elevation
– Flow requirement is 110 m3/hr
– The total pipe length is 300 meters
– The pipe is 4 inch (10.23 cm ID) Schedule 40 Steel – ANSI
– Pump elevation = 0 meters
Model Test 2 (SI).FTH / Test 2
F5 -15
SI
Pumped System (2)
Hints:
– The pipe depths at the reservoirs do not affect the answer -
assume 3 meters
– The pump should be as close to the supply reservoir as possible
to maximize pump suction pressure - assume 5 meters distance
from the supply reservoir
F5 -16
SI
Pumped System Modification #1
F5 -17
SI
Pumped System Modification #2
Hint:
– The filter only has one data point, but it can be assumed to
follow the square law of pressure drop vs. flow rate (use the “fill
as quadratic” feature)
F5 -18
SI
Control Valve Problem
F5 -19
SI
Control Valve Problem (2)
Hint:
– The control valve location does not affect the answer - assume it
is in the middle of the pipe
– Note that there are several approaches to solve this problem
F5 -20
Review Simple Pumped System
F5 -21
Known Flow Boundary Observation
F5 -22
Hydraulics Tutorial Answers
V A2 VB2 fL V 2
From Bernoulli’s equation: PA ghA PB ghB
2 2 D 2
fL V 2
But VA = VB and PA = PB, therefore: ghA ghB D 2
fL g h A hB
Substituting flowrate for velocity and letting: R 2 Q2
2DA R
F5 -23
3
Hydraulics Tutorial Answers (2)
V A2 VB2 fL V 2
From Bernoulli’s equation: PA gh A PB ghB
2 2 D 2
All pipes have the same PA , but Pipe 3 has the largest h
and therefore has the highest pressure
pA
pB
hA
1
hB
F5 -24
3
Hydraulics Tutorial Answers (3)
pA
pB
hA
1
hB
F5 -25
3
Hydraulics Tutorial Part II Answers
V A2 VB2 fL V 2
From Bernoulli’s equation: PA ghA PB ghB
2 2 D 2
fL V 2
But VA = VB and PA = PB, therefore: ghA ghB D 2
g h A hB
Substituting flowrate for velocity: Q 2 R
But pipes 1 and 2 do not exit at hB: g h A hB
Q32
Pipe 3 has the highest h, therefore: R
– Pipe 3 has the highest flow rate g h A h2
Q22
R
pA
pB
hA 1 g h A h1
Q12
h1 R
2 h2
hB
3
F5 -26
Hydraulics Tutorial Part II Answers (2)
V A2 VB2 fL V 2
From Bernoulli’s equation: PA ghA PB ghB
2 2 D 2
All pipes have the same PA , but Pipe 3 has the largest h
and therefore has the highest pressure
Pipes 1 and 2 have the same exit pressure, equal to PA
pA
pB
hA 1
h1
2 h2
hB
3
F5 -27
Hydraulics Tutorial Part II Answers (3)
3
F5 -28
US
Answers to Problems
TEST1 (US)
– Stagnation Pressure at J4: 169.8 psig
– Mass Flows: 164.7, 77.6, -242.4 lbm/sec
– Volumetric Flows: 1186.6, 559.3, -1745.8 gpm
TEST1a (US)
– Stagnation Pressure at J4: 178.1 psig
– Mass Flows: 146.7, 62.0, -208.6 lbm/sec
– Volumetric Flows: 1056.4, 446.3, -1502.8 gpm
F5 -29
US
Answers to Problems (2)
TEST2 (US)
– Original system: DH = 319 ft, Power = 40.25 hp
– TEST2A: With 6 ft/s velocity limit - use 6 inch pipe
– TEST2B With filter: DH = 365.2 ft , Power = 46.08 hp
– Ways to eliminate error: 1) Higher tank, 2) Pressurize Tank, 3)
Lower pump elevation, 4) booster pump, 5) Parallel filters
TEST3 (US)
– 4 inch pipe, pressure drop across valve is 10.0 psid
F5 -30
SI
Answers to Problems
TEST1 (SI)
– Stagnation Pressure at J4: 10.69 barG
– Mass Flows: 79.3, 32.3, -111.6 kg/s
– Volumetric Flows: 285.9, 116.5, -402.4 m3/hr
TEST1a (SI)
– Stagnation Pressure at J4: 11.26 barG
– Mass Flows: 71.7, 24.8, -96.5 kg/s
– Volumetric Flows: 258.5, 89.4, -347.9 m3/hr
F5 -31
SI
Answers to Problems (2)
TEST2 (SI)
– Original system: DH = 93.4 m, Power = 27.9 kW
– TEST2A: With 2 m/s limit – use 6 inch pipe (15.4 cm ID)
– TEST2B With filter: DH = 105.4 m, Power = 31.5 kW
– Ways to eliminate error: 1) Higher tank, 2) Pressurize Tank, 3)
Lower pump elevation, 4) booster pump, 5) Parallel filters
TEST3 (SI):
– 4 inch (10.23 cm ID) pipe, pressure drop across valve is 0.6586
bar
F5 -32
F6. Troubleshooting AFT Fathom Models
Overview of Seminar
INTRODUCTION
AFT FATHOM
F1. Overview of AFT Fathom
F2. Hydraulic Solution Methodology
F3. Demonstration Problem - Sizing a Pump
F4. Understanding Solution Control Options
F5. AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
F6. Troubleshooting AFT Fathom Models
F7. The Five Primary Windows
F8. Pipe and Junction Details
F9. Special Topics
F10. Using the Scenario Manager
F11. Customizing Fathom and Using Databases
F12. Introduction to AFT Fathom Modules
F13. More AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
Getting the Right Results
F6 -1
Resistance Curves
F6 -2
Resistance Curves (2)
F6 -3
General Input Errors
F6 -4
Use the Sort Feature
If a big model runs but the results look incorrect, use the Sort
feature in the Output Window to look for extremes in velocity,
pressure drop or other parameters
An input error (like incorrect diameter) may be easier to see
by its effect on the results
F6 -5
Tee/Wye Junctions Complications
F6 -6
Try Absolute Tolerance
F6 -7
More on Absolute Tolerance
F6 -9
Solver Flow Chart
Update Hydraulic
Start Losses and Pumps
Solve Junction
Pressures
No
No Yes
Converged ? > Max Iterations ? End
Yes
Recalculate Mass Recalculate
Flow Rates Temperatures
No
No Yes
Converged ? > Max Iterations ? End
Yes
Recalculate
Temperatures
No No
Converged ? > Max Iterations ?
Yes Yes
F6 -11
Online Content
You can access video tutorials and “Tips and Tricks” articles
through Help Files
F6 -12
Send the Model to AFT
F6 -13
F7. The Five Primary Windows
Overview of Seminar
INTRODUCTION
AFT FATHOM
F1. Overview of AFT Fathom
F2. Hydraulic Solution Methodology
F3. Demonstration Problem - Sizing a Pump
F4. Understanding Solution Control Options
F5. AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
F6. Troubleshooting AFT Fathom Models
F7. The Five Primary Windows
F8. Pipe and Junction Details
F9. Special Topics
F10. Using the Scenario Manager
F11. Customizing Fathom and Using Databases
F12. Introduction to AFT Fathom Modules
F13. More AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
The Five Primary Windows
Workspace window
– Where you build the model visually and see the model layout
Model Data window
– A text-based complement to the Workspace window
– Shows input data in text form
Output window
– Displays the results of the analysis in text form
– Lets you produce attractive, effectively organized printed output
reports
F7 -1
The Five Primary Windows (2)
F7 -2
The Workspace Window - Editing
F7 -3
The Workspace Window - Selection Tool
F7 -4
The Workspace Window – Other Features
F7 -5
The Workspace Window - Arranging
F7 -7
The Workspace Window - Zoom to Fit
Zoom to Fit
F7 -8
Quick Access Panel – Overview Map
View
Port
F7 -10
Using Select Special
F7 -11
Using Select Special (2)
F7 -12
Select Special Example
The three areas of the Model Data window show all the
information about the model
Detailed information about the Pipe Fittings & Losses can be
displayed in the Pipe data area
Model Data is a valuable tool for identifying modeling errors
Use the Model Data Control to customize what is displayed
You can optionally show just the pipes and junctions in which
you are interested
You can select just the data in which you are interested
F7 -14
The Model Data Window (2)
F7 -15
The Output Window
F7 -16
The Output Window (2)
You can optionally show only the pipes and junctions in which
you are interested
Special report tables in the General Output include:
– Summary for Pump, Valve, Heat Exchanger and Reservoir data
in the General section
– Warnings regarding solution
– Differences in parameters from one junction to another (Junction
Deltas)
Double clicking on an item will open its Properties window in
read-only format
F7 -17
The Output Window (3)
F7 -18
Using The Output Control
F7 -19
Using the Output Control (2)
F7 -20
The Visual Report Window
F7 -21
Using Visual Report Control
F7 -24
Using the Color Map (2)
F7 -25
Graph Results Window
F7 -27
Graph Control on Quick Access Panel (2)
F7 -28
Graph List Manager
Update Current
Add Graph to List
Graph in List
Graph Folders
F7 -29
Graph Tabs
F7 -30
Graph Guide
F7 -31
Stacked Graphs
F7 -32
Dual Y-Axis Graphs- Different Parameters
F7 -33
Dual Y-Axis Graphs- Same Parameter,
Different Units
Dual Y-axes can be used to show the same parameter with
different units
F7 -34
Design Alerts on Graphs
F7 -35
Cross-Plot Graphs Using Groups
F7 -36
Zoom and Pan on Graphs
To pan, hold the left mouse key and drag the mouse
To zoom, click on graph and scroll the mouse wheel
To zoom on an axis, place mouse over axis and use scroll
wheel
Can use range finder to zoom in on desired portions of the
graph
F7 -37
Graph Formatting
F7 -38
Graph Formatting (2)
F7 -39
Other Graph Functionality
F7 -40
Other Graph Functionality (2)
F7 -41
Create Graphs from the Workspace
F7 -42
F8. Pipe and Junction Details
Overview of Seminar
INTRODUCTION
AFT FATHOM
F1. Overview of AFT Fathom
F2. Hydraulic Solution Methodology
F3. Demonstration Problem - Sizing a Pump
F4. Understanding Solution Control Options
F5. AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
F6. Troubleshooting AFT Fathom Models
F7. The Five Primary Windows
F8. Pipe and Junction Details
F9. Special Topics
F10. Using the Scenario Manager
F11. Customizing Fathom and Using Databases
F12. Introduction to AFT Fathom Modules
F13. More AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
Pipe and Junction Details
F8 -1
Pipe Fittings & Losses
F8 -3
Equivalent Length Option for Pipes,
Valves, and Elbows
Equivalent Lengths can be enabled with Extended Options
from Analysis Menu
– Can apply to valve and bend junctions and Pipe Fittings and
Losses
F8 -4
Design Alerts
F8 -5
Design Alert Manager
List of Existing
Design Alerts
Specify
Pipes/Junctions
Define Design to apply Design
Alert maximum Alert to
or minimum
criteria
Create/Edit
Design Alert
F8 -6
Design Alerts Example
F8 -7
Heat Transfer In Pipes
F8 -8
Heat Transfer In Pipes (2)
Pipe Wall
Insulation
Ambient Convection
F8 -9
Heat Transfer in Pipes (3) – Results
Diagram
Pipe Heat Transfer output can be viewed on the Heat Transfer
tab in the Pipes section of the Output window
– Clicking the Show box in the
Results Diagram area displays
piping heat transfer information
on an intuitive pipe diagram
F8 -10
US
Calculate Heat Transfer In A Pipe
F8 -12
SI
Calculate Heat Transfer In A Pipe
F8 -14
Optional Pipe Information
For each pipe you can You can close the pipe by
choose to display the ID setting the Special
number, name, Nominal Condition
Size, Type/Schedule,
or any combination
An initial guess flow rate
can help the Solver reach
convergence faster
Design factors add safety
margin to calculations
Change pipe line thickness
and color
F8 -15
The Junction Property Window
F8 -16
Optional Junction Information
An initial guess pressure (and
temperature, if heat transfer is
modeled) can help the Solver
reach convergence faster
F8 -18
Global Pipe Editing (2)
F8 -19
Global Junction Editing
F8 -20
Global Junction Editing (2)
Choose which
junctions to edit
F8 -21
Global Junction Editing (3)
F8 -22
Global Junction Editing (4)
Choose the
junction type
Choose which
parameters to
change
Choose which
junctions to edit
F8 -23
Design Factors
F8 -24
US SI
Answers to Problems
F8 -25
F9. Special Topics
Overview of Seminar
INTRODUCTION
AFT FATHOM
F1. Overview of AFT Fathom
F2. Hydraulic Solution Methodology
F3. Demonstration Problem - Sizing a Pump
F4. Understanding Solution Control Options
F5. AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
F6. Troubleshooting AFT Fathom Models
F7. The Five Primary Windows
F8. Pipe and Junction Details
F9. Special Topics
F10. Using the Scenario Manager
F11. Customizing Fathom and Using Databases
F12. Introduction to AFT Fathom Modules
F13. More AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
Pumps
F9 -1
Pumps (2)
F9 -2
Pumps (3)
F9 -3
Working with Pump Data and Results
F9 -4
Pump Summary
F9 -5
Pump Summary (2)
F9 -6
Variable Speed Pumps
Q1 n1
Q2 n2
F9 -7
Variable Speed Pumps (2)
F9 -8
Variable Speed Pumps (3)
15
80%
Head (ft)
10
60%
5
0
0 50 100 150 200
Flow Rate (GPM)
F9 -9
Variable Speed Pumps (4)
F9 -10
Variable Speed Pumps (5)
F9 -11
US SI
Variable Speed Pumps Example
F9 -12
Cavitation and NPSH
F9 -14
Pump Configurations (2)
F9 -15
Pump Configurations (3)
F9 -16
Pump Configurations (4)
F9 -17
Pump Configurations – Reference
Density
Pump curves in terms of head and volumetric flow rate DO
NOT change with density
– Curves in terms of pressure or mass flow rate ARE dependent
on density
Power curves DO change with density
Specific Gravity of
pump test fluid is S.G.
1.03
F9 -18
Pump Impeller Modifications
F9 -19
Pump Impeller Modifications (2)
F9 -20
Pump Impeller Modifications (3)
F9 -21
Pump Impeller Information in Output
F9 -22
One Pump Can Represent Multiple
Pumps
A single pump can represent multiple identical pumps in
parallel or series
F9 -23
Multiple Pumps in Output
F9 -24
Parallel and Series Composite Pump vs.
System Curves
Steps to plot a composite Pump vs. System curve for multiple
pumps
F9 -25
Parallel and Series Composite Pump vs.
System Curves – With A Throttling Valve
A throttling valve with a specific loss will change the system
curve
F9 -26
Parallel and Series Composite Pump vs.
System Curves – With A Control Valve
When “Neglect Pressure Drop” is selected for the control
valve the Pump and System curves will NOT intersect at the
operating point
– The difference will
be the loss at the
valve
F9 -27
Pump Energy Cost Calculations
F9 -28
Control Valves
F9 -29
Control Valves (2)
F9 -30
US
Pumped System with FCV’s
Receiver Tank
FCV
FCV
Valve
Supply Tank Pump (Lossless, K=0) Tee (Simple) Elbow (Standard)
F9 -31
US
Pumped System with FCV’s (2)
Receiver Tank
FCV
FCV
Valve
Supply Tank Pump (Lossless, K=0) Tee (Simple) Elbow (Standard)
F9 -33
SI
Pumped System with FCV’s (2)
When you try to run this model the ‘reference pressure’ error
is displayed
– The error message identifies the following junctions as lacking a
reference pressure –
Q Q
F9 -36
Pumped System with FCV’s (5)
F9 -37
US
Pumped System with FCV’s (6)
F9 -38
US
Pumped System with FCV’s (7)
FCV
FCV
Hint:
– Morph the stop valve after the pump by dragging a control valve
on top of it while holding down the CTRL key, then set as PDCV
at 10 psid
F9 -39
SI
Pumped System with FCV’s (6)
F9 -40
SI
Pumped System with FCV’s (7)
Add 0.7 bar (70 kPa) pressure drop to valve after pump
– TEST7 (SI).FTH / Test 7B)
Review failure states of FCV’s Receiver Tank
FCV
FCV
Hint:
– Morph the stop valve after the pump by dragging a control valve
on top of it while holding down the CTRL key, then set as PDCV
at 0.7 bar
F9 -41
Control Valve Can't Achieve Setpoint
F9 -42
Control Valve Can't Achieve Setpoint (2)
F9 -43
Control Valve Can't Achieve Setpoint (3)
F9 -44
Control Valve Can't Achieve Setpoint (4)
F9 -45
Orifice Junction – Sizing
F9 -46
Detailed Tee/Wye Junctions vs. Branches
F9 -47
Modeling Heat Transfer
F9 -48
Modeling Heat Transfer (2)
F9 -49
Heat Exchanger Junctions
F9 -51
Heat Exchanger Thermal Linking
F9 -52
Heat Exchanger Thermal Linking
F9 -53
Multi-Fluid Heat Transfer
F9 -54
Multi-Fluid Heat Transfer and Fluid
Groups
Groups of pipes are used and assigned fluids for each loop
F9 -55
Three-Way Valve Junctions
F9 -56
Spray Discharge Junctions
Q
K sprinkler
P
F9 -57
Relief Valves
F9 -58
Volume Balance Junctions
F9 -59
The Weir Junction
F9 -60
The Weir Junction (2)
F9 -61
Pressure Drop in Fittings – Laminar vs
Turbulent
The K factor method is the most popular method for fitting
calculations
Turbulent Flow
– The majority of industrial piping applications operate in the
turbulent flow regime
– K factors and Equivalent Lengths yield comparable results for
turbulent flow
F9 -62
Pressure Drop in Fittings – Laminar vs
Turbulent (2)
Laminar Flow
– There is confusion in the industry how to apply the K factor
method in laminar flow applications
– Some researchers have recognized that standard K factors do
not work well at low Reynolds numbers
– 2-K (Hooper) and 3-K (Darby) methods exist for Laminar flow
1 1 .
,
– , ,
ATKF:
– Where:
is the standard K factor
is the friction factor at high Re
F9 -64
Adjusted Turbulent K Factor (2)
10000 1. No fittings
1
10000
0.1
1000
0.01
Head Gradient (ft/ft or m/m)
100 0.001
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Reynolds Number
10
0.1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
F9 -65
Reynolds Number
ATKF Application Considerations
F9 -67
Enabling the 3K Method With Extended
Options
3K method is enabled with Extended Options under the
Analysis Menu
3K ONLY applies to these specific fittings
Can use 3K for elbow and valve junctions
as well as additional pipe fittings
F9 -68
Changing Input Data Using Excel
F9 -69
Ambient Pressure Change with Elevation
F9 -70
Static vs. Stagnation Pressures
1
1
P V 2 gh Const
2
}
}
}
2 3 4 5
Static Hydrostatic
Po,3
Dynamic
(or Velocity) P3
Ploss
1 2
Pressure
Po,5
Pstagnation = Pstatic + Pdynamic V
2 3
1 2 P5
V
2 5
F9 -71
Static vs. Stagnation Pressures (2)
F9 -72
Static vs. Stagnation Pressures (3)
F9 -73
Static vs. Stagnation Pressures (4)
F9 -74
Open vs. Closed Systems - Hydraulics
F9 -75
Open vs. Closed Systems – Hydraulics
(2)
If there is only one boundary (i.e., junction) where flow can
enter or leave the pipe system, then no flow will enter or leave
because there isn’t anywhere for it to go
– It cannot be stored in the system because it’s steady state
– If flow cannot enter the system, it cannot enter the junction and
thus its net flow rate will be zero (i.e., it will be balanced)
F9 -76
Open vs. Closed Systems – Hydraulics
(3)
AFT Fathom’s solver obtains an overall flow balance
Each boundary junction does not in itself have a balanced
flow
However, if you add up all the inflows and outflows, they will
balance to zero
Open system - Flow out of J1
equals the sum of flow into J4
and J5
F9 -77
Open vs. Closed Systems – Hydraulics
(4)
The closed system below has one pressure junction (the J1
reservoir)
Once again, the J1 reservoir does not balance flow
Instead, the overall pipe system is balanced by the solver
F9 -78
Open vs. Closed Systems – Hydraulics
(5)
The appearance of a balance at J1 derives from the fact that it
is the only inflow/outflow junction in the system
– Flow cannot enter the system through this junction because
there isn’t anywhere for it to go
AFT Fathom does not even know that this system is closed - it
just solves the network like any other model
F9 -79
Open vs. Closed Systems – Hydraulics
(6)
The two systems shown below are equivalent as far as AFT
Fathom is concerned
Closed system - Flow into P1 is the Open system - Equivalent to closed
sum of flows out of P8 and P10 system at left if J1, J10 &J11 are the same
F9 -80
Open vs. Closed Systems – Thermal
F9 -81
Open vs. Closed Systems – Thermal (2)
The pipes flowing into the reservoir will have their own
temperatures that are obtained by balancing energy along
their individual flow paths (including heat exchanger input)
P8 and P10 will have different exit temperatures than 100°F
The only way to obtain an overall system energy balance is
for the J1 reservoir temperature to adjust to the mixture
temperature of all inflowing pipes
F9 -82
Open vs. Closed Systems – Thermal (3)
F9 -83
How Pressure Junctions Work
Transfer
Pipeline
Transfer
Supply Pump (J3)
Tank (J1) Shoreline
Elevation
Lake Michigan
F9 -84
How Pressure Junctions Work (2)
F9 -85
How Pressure Junctions Work (3)
F9 -86
How Pressure Junctions Work (4)
engineer’s expectation
Transfer
– This provides a sanity Supply
Tank (J1)
Pump (J3)
Shoreline
check on the results Elevation
Lake Michigan
F9 -87
Pressure/Flow Junction Relationship
F9 -88
Verifying Network Solutions
F9 -90
What Is A Non-Newtonian Fluid?
F9 -91
Non-Settling Slurry Capabilities
F9 -92
Entering Constants Directly
F9 -93
Calculating Constants from Raw Data
F9 -94
Homogeneous Scale-up
F9 -95
Using Fathom on Gas Systems
F9 -97
Answers to Examples
F9 -98
Answers to Examples (2)
TEST7 (US)
– Original: DH = 113.5 ft, use a PDCV for J7
– TEST7A - With curve - now operates at DH = 115 ft
– TEST7B - When closing valve, both control valves cannot control
so they add pressure (when set to Fail Never)
TEST7 (SI)
– Original: DH = 37.22 meters, use a PDCV for J7
– TEST7A - With curve - now operates at DH = 38 meters
– TEST7B - When closing valve, both control valves cannot control
so they add pressure (when set to Fail Never)
F9 -99
F10. Using Scenario Manager
Overview of Seminar
INTRODUCTION
AFT FATHOM
F1. Overview of AFT Fathom
F2. Hydraulic Solution Methodology
F3. Demonstration Problem - Sizing a Pump
F4. Understanding Solution Control Options
F5. AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
F6. Troubleshooting AFT Fathom Models
F7. The Five Primary Windows
F8. Pipe and Junction Details
F9. Special Topics
F10. Using the Scenario Manager
F11. Customizing Fathom and Using Databases
F12. Introduction to AFT Fathom Modules
F13. More AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
Scenario Manager
F10 - 1
Scenario Manager (2)
Current
Workspace
scenario
Create a new
scenario by
clicking here
F10 - 2
Quick Access Panel
F10 - 3
Types Of Changes
F10 - 4
Data Propagation
F10 - 5
Data Propagation (2)
F10 - 7
Data Propagation (4)
Diameter Length
Changing the Base Base 3 25
Scenario Diameter from 3 to Child #1 2 __
6 would not impact Child #1 Gr. Child #1 __ __
F10 - 8
Data Propagation (5) Diameter Length
Base 3 25
Even if the Gr. Child #1 has Child #1 2 __
the same Diameter as the Gr. Child #1 3 __
Base, it is not linked to the
Base because it and its Diameter Length
parent are not blank Base 3 25
– Any change to the Base Child #1 3 __
Diameter would not affect Gr. Child #1 3 __
any descendant because
Child #1 is not blank
If the Diameter in Child #1 Diameter Length
is changed to be the same Base 3 25
as the Base, it will be Child #1 __ __
“blanked out” the next time Gr. Child #1 __ __
the scenario is loaded
– So will Gr. Child #1, if it’s
Diameter is also the same F10 - 9
Data Propagation (6)
Here, Child #1 would have Diameter Length
the following: Base 3 25
– Diameter = 2 Child #1 2 __
– Length = 25 Gr. Child #1 __ 15
– Changes to Base
Diameter will not affect
Diameter
– Changes to Base Length
will affect Length
F10 - 10
Data Propagation (7)
Here, Gr. Child #1 would Diameter Length
have the following: Base 3 25
– Diameter = 2 Child #1 2 __
– Length = 15 Gr. Child #1 __ 15
– Changes to Base
Diameter will not affect
Diameter
– Changes to Child #1
Diameter will affect
Diameter
– Changes to Base Length
or Child #1 Length will not
affect Length
F10 - 11
Ancestral Data
F10 - 12
Links to Parent
F10 - 13
Links to Parent (2)
You can make a pipe have the same attributes as its parent
by choosing Copy Data From Pipe: “Parent Pipe Data”
– Junctions function similarly
F10 - 14
Using Batch Runs
F10 - 16
US
Example Model (2)
F10 - 17
US
Example Model (3)
F10 - 18
US
Answers to Example
F10 - 19
US
Example Model – Scenario Tree
F10 - 20
SI
Example Model
F10 - 21
SI
Example Model (2)
F10 - 22
SI
Example Model (3)
F10 - 23
SI
Answers to Example
F10 - 24
SI
Example Model – Scenario Tree
F10 - 25
View of Model Data Scenarios
F10 - 26
View of Output Scenarios
F10 - 27
F11. Customizing Fathom and Using
Databases
Overview of Seminar
INTRODUCTION
AFT FATHOM
F1. Overview of AFT Fathom
F2. Hydraulic Solution Methodology
F3. Demonstration Problem - Sizing a Pump
F4. Understanding Solution Control Options
F5. AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
F6. Troubleshooting AFT Fathom Models
F7. The Five Primary Windows
F8. Pipe and Junction Details
F9. Special Topics
F10. Using the Scenario Manager
F11. Customizing Fathom and Using Databases
F12. Introduction to AFT Fathom Modules
F13. More AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
Customizing Fathom
F11 - 1
User Options - Unit Preferences
Here you specify the units you generally work with to be the
defaults
F11 - 2
User Options - Pipes
F11 - 3
User Options – Pipes (2)
This pipe is
closed
F11 - 4
User Options - Junctions
F11 - 5
User Options - Labels
F11 - 6
User Options – Colors and Fonts
Click on
the
category
Then
choose a
color
Click here to
pick a font
F11 - 7
User Options - Other
F11 - 8
User Options – Pipes and Junctions
You can
specify a
default pipe
material
and loss You can specify
model default Design
Factors
You can
specify a
default
elevation
F11 - 9
User Options – Parameter Types
F11 - 10
Database Concept
F11 - 12
Custom Data Features
F11 - 13
Component Databases
F11 - 14
Component Databases (2)
F11 - 15
Fluid Databases
F11 - 16
Fluid Databases (2)
F11 - 17
Pipe Material Databases
F11 - 18
Pipe Material Databases (2)
F11 - 19
Friction Data Sets
F11 - 20
Insulation Databases
F11 - 21
Insulation Databases (2)
F11 - 22
Local and Shared Network Databases
The custom data you enter is stored in a single text file locally
on the hard drive
– This is called a local user database
– It is possible to copy this file to another user's hard drive so they
can use it too
– If you spend a lot of time entering custom data it is advisable to
back up the file
F11 - 23
Local and Shared Network Databases (2)
F11 - 24
Using the Database Manager
F11 - 25
Using the Database Manager (2)
F11 - 28
Using Fathom for Cost Calculations
F11 - 29
Specifying the Cost Settings
F11 - 30
Cost Databases In The Database
Manager
Click Add to
Connections to use
the CDB in this
model
F11 - 31
Setting Junctions To Use Cost Data
Choose the junction
from the Database
List
Choose Include Cost in
Report on the Cost tab
of the Specification
Window
F11 - 33
Chempak Fluid Property Database
F11 - 34
Chempak Fluid Property Database (2)
The Create New Mixture button
becomes visible when Chempak
Select Chempak Fluid or Mixture is selected
mixture
Set accuracy
level here F11 - 35
Chempak Fluid Property Database (3)
INTRODUCTION
AFT FATHOM
F1. Overview of AFT Fathom
F2. Hydraulic Solution Methodology
F3. Demonstration Problem - Sizing a Pump
F4. Understanding Solution Control Options
F5. AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
F6. Troubleshooting AFT Fathom Models
F7. The Five Primary Windows
F8. Pipe and Junction Details
F9. Special Topics
F10. Using the Scenario Manager
F11. Customizing Fathom and Using Databases
F12. Introduction to AFT Fathom Modules
F13. More AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
Introduction to AFT Fathom Add-on
Modules
XTS - eXtended Time Simulation
GSC - Goal Seek & Control
SSL – Settling Slurries
Summary
F12 - 1
XTS - eXtended Time Simulation
F12 - 2
XTS Module Capabilities
F12 - 3
US
XTS Module Hands-On Example
F12 - 4
US
XTS Module Hands-On Example (2)
F12 - 5
US
XTS Module Hands-On Example (3)
Specify the valve to close when the tank liquid height reaches
15 feet
– Open the Valve Properties window and select the Transient tab
– Set the Initiation of Transient to ‘Single Event’, defined as
follows:
• Event Type = Reservoir Liquid Height
• Condition = Greater Than
• Value = 15 feet
• Junction = 4 (Upper Reservoir)
– Set Transient Data as ‘Relative To Steady-State Value’ with the
following data points:
Data Time % Cv of
Point (seconds) Steady State
1 0 100
2 30 0 F12 - 6
US
XTS Module Hands-On Example (4)
F12 - 7
US
XTS Module Hands-On Example (5)
F12 - 9
SI
XTS Module Hands-On Example (2)
F12 - 10
SI
XTS Module Hands-On Example (3)
Specify the valve to close when the tank liquid height reaches
5 meters
– Open the Valve Properties window and select the Transient tab
– Set the Initiation of Transient to ‘Single Event’, defined as
follows:
• Event Type = Reservoir Liquid Height
• Condition = Greater Than
• Value = 5 meters
• Junction = 4 (Upper Reservoir)
– Set Transient Data as ‘Relative To Steady-State Value’ with the
following data points:
Data Time % Cv of
Point (seconds) Steady State
1 0 100
2 30 0 F12 - 11
SI
XTS Module Hands-On Example (4)
F12 - 12
SI
XTS Module Hands-On Example (5)
F12 - 14
GSC – Goal Seek & Control (2)
F12 - 15
GSC Module Capabilities
F12 - 16
US
GSC Module Hands-On Example
F12 - 17
US
GSC Module Hands-On Example (2)
F12 - 18
US
GSC Module Hands-On Example (3)
F12 - 19
US
GSC Module Hands-On Example (4)
F12 - 20
SI
GSC Module Hands-On Example
F12 - 21
SI
GSC Module Hands-On Example (2)
F12 - 22
SI
GSC Module Hands-On Example (3)
F12 - 23
SI
GSC Module Hands-On Example (4)
F12 - 24
SSL – Settling SLurries
F12 - 25
SSL – Settling Slurries (2)
F12 - 26
SSL Module Capabilities
F12 - 27
US
SSL Module Hands-On Example
F12 - 28
US
SSL Module Hands-On Example (2)
Open System Properties and select the Slurry Data tab and
Basic Water Slurry Input
– The SSL module allows for quickly modeling solids in water, the
most common slurry liquid, using the Basic Water Slurry Input, or
other liquids by selecting Advanced Slurry Input
• NOTE: The base liquid must behave in a Newtonian viscosity
manner
– Three levels of detail may be used in specifying solids:
• Minimal method – preliminary design where only rough solids data
is available
• Simplified – requires additional data and provides a more accurate
solution
• Detailed – provides the most rigorous solution and requires the
most data
F12 - 29
US
SSL Module Hands-On Example (3)
F12 - 30
US
SSL Module Hands-On Example (4)
F12 - 31
US
SSL Module Hands-On Example (5)
F12 - 33
US
SSL Module Hands-On Example (7)
F12 - 35
US
SSL Module Hands-On Example (9)
F12 - 36
US
SSL Module Hands-On Example (10)
F12 - 37
US
SSL Module Hands-On Example (11)
F12 - 38
SI
SSL Module Hands-On Example
F12 - 39
SI
SSL Module Hands-On Example (2)
Open System Properties and select the Slurry Data tab and
Basic Water Slurry Input
– The SSL module allows for quickly modeling solids in water, the
most common slurry liquid, using the Basic Water Slurry Input, or
other liquids by selecting Advanced Slurry Input
• NOTE: The base liquid must behave in a Newtonian viscosity
manner
– Three levels of detail may be used in specifying solids:
• Minimal method – preliminary design where only rough solids data
is available
• Simplified – requires additional data and provides a more accurate
solution
• Detailed – provides the most rigorous solution and requires the
most data
F12 - 40
SI
SSL Module Hands-On Example (3)
F12 - 41
SI
SSL Module Hands-On Example (4)
F12 - 42
SI
SSL Module Hands-On Example (5)
The slope of these increases the settling velocity providing a clear F12 - 43
indication these pipes will determine minimum system operating velocity
SI
SSL Module Hands-On Example (6)
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SI
SSL Module Hands-On Example (7)
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SI
SSL Module Hands-On Example (9)
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SI
SSL Module Hands-On Example (10)
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SI
SSL Module Hands-On Example (11)
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Summary
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F13. More AFT Fathom Hands-On
Modeling
Overview of Seminar
INTRODUCTION
AFT FATHOM
F1. Overview of AFT Fathom
F2. Hydraulic Solution Methodology
F3. Demonstration Problem - Sizing a Pump
F4. Understanding Solution Control Options
F5. AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
F6. Troubleshooting AFT Fathom Models
F7. The Five Primary Windows
F8. Pipe and Junction Details
F9. Special Topics
F10. Using the Scenario Manager
F11. Customizing Fathom and Using Databases
F12. Introduction to AFT Fathom Modules
F13. More AFT Fathom Hands-On Modeling
Platinum Pipe Award
Win AFT software for your company and iPad for you
PPA - 2
Platinum Pipe Award
Analysis Using AFT FathomTM Reveals Root Cause for Fire
Pump System Over-Pressurization
2015 Platinum Pipe Award Winner – Correlation to Test/Field Data
PPA - 3
Platinum Pipe Award
AFT FathomTM Finds Optimization Opportunities in Hydrocarbon
Separation Process
2015 Platinum Pipe Award Winner – Use of Software Features and Model
Creativity
Mr. Nelius Joubert, Senior
Operations Specialist at Sasol, used
AFT Fathom to model a complicated
hydrocarbon separation plant in
South Africa. The plant utilizes liquid
extractants to separate the
components of a liquid stream into
separate pure components.
The model will be used on a
continuous basis for troubleshooting
and evaluation of the plant’s
hydraulic health.
Liquid Extraction and Distillation Portion of the AFT Fathom Model
PPA - 4
AFT Notifications & Seminar Evaluation
Please complete the AFT Notifications form (if you would like)
and the Technical Seminar Evaluation Form, and hand to
instructor when complete.
US
Hands-on Models
F13 - 1
US
Hands-on Models
F13 - 2
US
Model a Spray System
El=10.0 feet
L=2 feet
1-1/2 inch
Typical
F13 - 3
US
Model a Spray System (2)
Pipe data:
– Steel – ANSI pipe, all schedule 40, standard roughness of
0.0018 inches
Fluid is water at 70 deg. F
Model TEST8.FTH / original system
Hint: Define a Design Alert for the individual spray lines to
quickly identify if flow meets the required minimum.
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US
Modify Spray Nozzle
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US
Model a Cooling System
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US
Model a Cooling System (2)
Input Data
– Steel – ANSI pipe, schedule 40
– Fluid is “Dowtherm J” at 150F, modeled as constant properties
(use fluid from AFT Standard Database)
– Reservoir is a system pressurizer with 10 feet liquid height and
40 psig surface pressure
– Control valve is a PRV at 49 psig static which protects the heat
exchangers from over-pressure
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US
Model a Cooling System (3)
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US
Modify Cooling System
F13 - 9
US
Modify Cooling System (2)
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US
Model Pumping of Viscous Fluid
Model TEST10.FTH
Pump Curve Data
Flow Head
(barrels/day) (feet)
0 2000
100,000 1800
200,000 1400
Rated Pump Speed: 3600 rpm
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US
Model Pumping of Viscous Fluid (2)
Model Input
– Fluid is a petroleum product supplied at 750 feet elevation with
specific gravity of 0.8 and viscosity of 500 centipoise
– The pump is located below the supply reservoir at 720 feet
elevation
– Pipeline goes up a hill before being discharged into a vessel
near sea level
– Pipe is Steel – ANSI
– Supply and receiver reservoirs are 10 feet deep
– Run the model
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US
Model Pumping of Viscous Fluid (3)
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US
Freon Delivery System (2)
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US
Freon Delivery System (4)
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US
Hot Water System
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US
Hot Water System (2)
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US
Hot Water System (3)
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US
Hot Water System (4)
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US
Water to Housing Project
The pipe from the mains to each home is 1 inch (pipe #106-
110, 206-210)
– This pipe size is set and is not to be changed
The contractor insists that the pipe from West Lake to the
neighborhood, and all mains in the neighborhood, be the
same size to simplify handling
Assume all branches are lossless
The supply at West Lake has a re-entrant geometry
The mean water temperature in West Lake is 60 deg. F
Use the Scenario Manager to manage the different cases.
Determine minimum pipe size for the main pipes
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US
Water to Housing Project (3)
PIPE UNITS
L= feet
JUNCTION UNITS F13 - 24
El= feet
US
Answers to Hands-On Models
F13 - 25
US
Answers to Hands-On Models (2)
TEST10.FTH:
– Pump flow rate decreases 5.1% (151,571 to 143,822
barrels/day)
– Max static pressure is 529.2 psig at the pump discharge
– The flow is laminar
– A hill height of 1500 feet is the maximum that will result in the
pressure in the pipe being above atmospheric
• Flow does not change since the end point elevations are unchanged
– The pump can be operated down to 87% speed and still not
cause a vacuum to occur
TEST11.FTH: Freon 11 requires hot water at 96.9 F
– Freon 12 requires hot water at 142.6 F
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US
Answers to Hands-On Models (3)
Special Mode
NPSHA > NPSHR? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
FCV dP > 10 psid? No No Yes Yes Yes
Pipe Velocity < 10 ft/s? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
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US
Answers to Hands-On Models (4)
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SI
Hands-on Models
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SI
Hands-on Models
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SI
Model a Spray System
El=3.0 meters
L=0.5 meters
1-1/2 inch
(4.1 cm ID)
Typical
F13 - 31
SI
Model a Spray System (2)
Pipe data:
– Steel – ANSI pipe, all schedule 40, standard roughness of
0.004572 cm
Fluid is water at 21 deg. C
Model TEST8 (SI).FTH / original system
Hint: Define a Design Alert for the individual spray lines to
quickly identify if flow meets the required minimum.
F13 - 32
SI
Modify Spray Nozzle
F13 - 33
SI
Model a Cooling System
F13 - 34
SI
Model a Cooling System (2)
Model Input
– Steel – ANSI pipe, schedule 40
– Fluid is “Dowtherm J” at 65C, modeled as constant properties
(use fluid from AFT Standard Database)
– Reservoir is a system pressurizer with 3 meters liquid height and
2.8 barG surface pressure
– Control valve is a PRV at 3.4 barG static which protects the heat
exchangers from over-pressure
F13 - 35
SI
Model a Cooling System (3)
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SI
Modify Cooling System
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SI
Modify Cooling System (2)
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SI
Model Pumping of Viscous Fluid
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SI
Model Pumping of Viscous Fluid (2)
Input Data
– Fluid is a petroleum product supplied at 230 meter elevation with
specific gravity of 0.8 and viscosity of 500 centipoise
– Pipeline goes up a hill before being discharged into a vessel
near sea level
– Pipe is steel
– Supply and receiver reservoirs are 3 meters deep
F13 - 40
SI
Model Pumping of Viscous Fluid (3)
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SI
Freon Delivery System
F13 - 42
SI
Freon Delivery System (2)
F13 - 44
SI
Freon Delivery System (4)
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SI
Hot Water System
F13 - 46
SI
Hot Water System (2)
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SI
Hot Water System (3)
F13 - 49
SI
Water to Housing Project
The pipe from the mains to each home is 1 inch (2.7 cm ID)
(pipe #106-110, 206-210)
– This pipe size is set and is not to be changed
The contractor insists that the pipe from West Lake to the
neighborhood, and all mains in the neighborhood, be the
same size to simplify handling
Assume all branches are lossless
The supply at West Lake has a re-entrant geometry
The mean water temperature in West Lake is 16 deg. C
Use the Scenario Manager to manage the different cases.
Determine the minimum pipe size for the main pipes
F13 - 51
SI
Water to Housing Project (3)
PIPE UNITS
L= meters
JUNCTION UNITS
El= meters F13 - 52
SI
Answers to Hands-On Models
F13 - 53
SI
Answers to Hands-On Models (2)
TEST10 (SI).FTH:
– Pump flow rate decreases 5.1% (152,565 to 144,781
barrels/day)
– Max pressure is 36.5 barG (static) at the pump discharge
– The flow is laminar
– A hill height of 457.8 meters is the maximum that will result in the
pressure in the pipe being above atmospheric
• Flow does not change since the end point elevations are unchanged
– The pump can be operated down to 87% speed and still not
cause a vacuum to occur
TEST11 (SI).FTH: Freon 11 requires hot water at 37.2 deg. C
– Freon 12 requires hot water at 62.7 deg. C
F13 - 54
SI
Answers to Hands-On Models (3)
Special Mode
NPSHA > NPSHR? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
FCV dP > 0.7 bar? No No Yes Yes Yes
Pipe Velocity < 3 m/s? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
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SI
Answers to Hands-On Models (4)
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SI
Answers to Hands-On Models (5)
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