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Astronomy
X-XII Grades
Specific competences:
X-th Grade
Chapter 1: Kinematics
1.1 The material point and rigid solid - models used in mechanics
1.2 Reference system. Space and time
1.3 Trajectory. Movement and distance
1.4 Operations with vectors
1.5 Uniform rectilinear motion. Speed
1.6 The kinematics of the relative movement
1.7 Repetitive varied motion. Acceleration
1.8 The circular uniform motion. The centripetal acceleration
1.9 Movement of bodies on parabolic trajectories
Chapter 4: Electrostatic
4.1 Electric charge. The law of electric charge conservation. The Coulomb law
4.2 Electric field. Intensity of the electric field
4.3 The work of the electric field in the motion of the point charges. Electric
potential
a. Electrostatic field – potential field
b. The work of the electric field. Electric potential
c. Equipotential surfaces
4.4. Conductors in electrostatic field
4.5 Dielectrics in electrostatic fields
4.6 Electrical capacity. Condensers
a. Electric capacity of condenser/ capacitor
b. Electric capacitance of plate capacitor
c. Capacitor grouping
d. Electric capacitance of an isolated conductor
4.7 Energy of the electric field
4.8 Motion of charged particles into a homogeneous electric field
Cumulative assessment test.
XII-th Grade
Chapter 1: Electromagnetism
2.1The Magnetic field. Magnetic field lines
1.2 Magnetic induction. Electromagnetic force
1.3 The action/ effect of the magnetic field on the electric charges in motion.
Lorentz force
1.4. The motion of charged particles in a magnetic field
1.5 Magnetic properties of substances. Relative permeability
1.6 Electromagnetic induction
f. Electromagnetic induction phenomenon. Practical applications
g. Magnetic flux. Lenz rule
h. The law of electromagnetic induction
1.7 Self-induction. Circuit inductance
a. Self-induction phenomenon
b. Inductance. Self-induction
1.8 Energy of the magnetic field
This information represents the contents of the school’s manuals recommended by the Ministry of
Education, Culture and Research of the Republic of Moldova (http://ctice.md/ctice2013/?page_id=1690)
The following tests represent the baccalaureate tests used in 2017 and 2018 and have been
downloaded from the site of the National Agency for Curriculum and Evaluation of the
Ministry of Education, Culture and Research of the Republic of Moldova
(http://aee.edu.md/clasa-sesiunea-examen/clasa-12)
No. Items Score
I. FOR ITEMS 1-3 PROVIDE SHORT ANSWERS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE SUGGESTED
REQUIREMENTS
1 Complete the following sentences so that they are true: L L
a) is composed of a reference body, a ruler and a clock. 0 0
b) All substances that have their own form and volume are........................................ bodies. 1 1
c) The voltage between two points of an electrostatic field is a quantity equal to the field’s
2 2
intensity ......................................... the distance between the considered points.
3
d) The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction occurring in a circuit due to the variation of
3 4
the current in the circuit is called ....................................................
4
e) The physical quantity equal to the minimal work necessary for the decay of the nucleus 5 5
into separated protons and neutrons is called ........................................... of the nucleus.
2 Establish (by using arrows) the correspondence between the following physical L L
quantities and the physical units they represent: 0 0
Kinetic moment mN 1 1
Specific melting heat kW∙h 2 2
Electric energy kJ/kg
3 3
Wavelength kg∙m²/s
Half-life (Period) nm 4 4
days 5 5
3 Determine the truth value of the following statements, choosing T if the statement is L L
true and F if the statement is false: 0 0
a) In a uniform motion of a body on a circle, the magnitude of its acceleration is constant. T F 1
1
b) The temperature of crystalline bodies varies during melting. T F 2 2
c) In a group of capacitors connected in series, the module of electric charge on each
3 3
capacitor’s plate is the same. T F
d) Multicolored surfaces of soap bubbles are due to the phenomenon of interference. T F 4 4
e) The wavelength of a micro particle is directly proportional to its momentum. T F 5 5
II. FOR ITEMS 4-8 PROVIDE ANSWERS OR SOLUTIONS, PRESENTING ARGUMENTS IN THE
SPACES PROVIDED BELOW
4 An electric dipole is in a homogenous electric field, oriented L L
as shown in the adjacent figure. Indicate on the same figure 0 0 the
vectors of forces acting on the charges of the dipole and 1 1 the
vector of its dipole moment. 2 2
3 3
7 A body with mass 2 kg is pulled upwards on a plane inclined with an angle α to the horizontal a) a)
direction. The thread pulling the body is torn 2 s after the beginning of the motion. The graph L L of
the body’s velocity projection dependence as a function of time is presented in the figure below. 0 0
a) Determine the body’s acceleration projections before and after 1 1
the thread breakage; 2 2
b) While neglecting the friction between the body and the inclined 3 3
plane, represent on a drawing the projections of forces acting
upon the direction of motion and write the expression of b) b)
Newton’s second law in projections on this direction before L L
and after the thread breakage; 0 0
c) Calculate the value of the mechanical tension in the thread 1
1 before its breakage. 2
2
SOLUTION: 3 3
4 4
c) c)
L L
0 0
1 1
2 2
8 In a container, there are 100 moles of an ideal monoatomic gas at a pressure of 100 kPa and a a) a)
temperature of 27 °C. By communicating to the gas a quantity of heat through an isochoric L L
transformation, its pressure increased to 200 kPa. Determine: 0 0
a) The temperature of the gas at the end of the isochoric transformation;
1 1
b) The variation of internal energy and the quantity of heat communicated to the gas in this
2 2
transformation;
For calculations, the universal gas constant will be equal to 8,3 J/(mol∙K). 3 3
b) b)
SOLUTION: L L
0 0
1 1
2 2
3 3
III. FOR ITEMS 9-12 PROVIDE THE FULL SOLUTION FOR THE PROPOSED PROBLEMS
9 A gymnast trains for artistic jumps in water with the help of a gymnastic springboard. He L L
jumps perpendicularly on the springboard with a velocity of 6 m/s and takes off it with the 0 0
same velocity. What is the force acting on the gymnast, knowing that his mass is 50 kg, and 1 1
the duration of his contact with the springboard is of 0,5 s? 2 2
SOLUTION 3 3
4 4
10 A jet plane’s engines provide a traction force of 30 kN. The distance of flight is equal to 920 L L
km. Considering that the engines yield (efficiency) is of 25%, determine the mass of the 0 0
kerosene used by the engines during this flight. It is given that the heat emitted during the 1 1
combustion of one kilogram of kerosene is equal to 46 MJ. 2 2
SOLUTION: 3 3
4 4
5 5
11 A student decides to build an electric heater working at a voltage of 220 V that would bring L L to
the boiling point 1 kg of water with an initial temperature of 12 °C in 10 minutes. For 0 0 this,
he uses a constantan wire having a cross-section area of 0,2 mm2. Considering that the 1 1 heater’s
yield (efficiency) is equal to 70%, determine the needed length of the constantan 2 2
wire. The resistivity of constantan is equal to 50∙10–8 Ω∙m, and the specific heat of water is 3 3
equal to 4200 J/(kg∙K).
4 4
SOLUTION: 5 5
6 6
12 You dispose of a direct current source, ammeter with negligible resistance, two known a) a)
resistances R1 and R2, a two-position switch and connecting wires. Determine the internal L L
resistance and the electromotive force (emf) of the source. 0 0
a) Represent the scheme of the electric circuit; 1 1
b) Obtain the calculation formula of the internal resistance; describe briefly the operating b) b)
mode and the calculation method of the electromotive force (emf) of the source. L L
SOLUTION: 0 0
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
ANNEX
Fundamental constants
MECHANICS
a t2 1 2 v2
x x0 vx t ; x 0
x 0x
v t x
; v 0
v at x; v 2
0x
v2
2a
x x
s ; ; ; v r; 2 ;c a .
2 T T r
m1m2
F ma ; F K ;F k l;F N;F Vg ; p gh ; M Fd ; p mv ; p
e f
F t;
A 0
r2
L mv2 kx2
L Fs cos ; P ; Ec ; L12 Ec2 Ec1 ; Ep mgh ; Ep ; L12 Ep 2 Ep1 ;
t 2 2
l m
x Asin t ;T 2 ;T 2 ;
vT.
0
g k
MOLECULAR PHYSICS AND THERMODYNAMICS
1 2 3 3RT m
p m nv2 n ; kT ; p nkT ; v ; pV RT ; ; pV const., m, T const.;
0 tr. tr. T
3 3 2 M M
p V 3m
const., m, V const. ; const., m, p const. ;U RT ; L p V
;
T T 2M
m Q1 Q2 T1 T2 Fs 4
Q cm T C T;Q U L; ; ; ;h ;Q
M
m. max.
M Q1 T1 l gd
ELECTRODYNAMICS
Qq 1 F U kQ L q S q U
F k ; ;E ;E ; ; U ;C ;C 0 r
;I ;I ;
k
e e
r
r2 4 0 q d r q U d t R
1 l Pu
I ;R ;R R 1 t ;L IUt ; Q I 2 Rt ; P IU ; ;m kIt ; F IBl
sin ; m
0
R r S Pt
LI2 CU 2 I U
FL qvBsin ; BS cos ; 1i ; LI ; Wm ; We ;I m
;U m
;
t 2 2 2 2
1 I2 N1 U1 l
X L; X ; P IU cos ; K ;T 2 LC ; d sin m ;d
1
L C a
C I1 N2 U2 N n
MODERN PHYSICS
2
hc h h mvmax c
;m ; p ;h L ; ;h E
f f f
Ee ; n m
c 2
t
t ln 2
; ;
N N Ne
T 19 N 2 1 2 ; 1 eV 1,60 10 ; 1J amu 1,66 10 kg .
27
0 0
T1 2
№ Items Score
I. FOR ITEMS 1-3 PROVIDE SHORT ANSWERS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE SUGGESTED
REQUIREMENTS
1 Complete the following sentences so that they are true: L L
a) At the motion with constant velocity along a straight line of the mobile the acceleration is 0 0
.................................................... 1 1
b) Potential gravitational energy is a measure of ............................................ 2 2
c) The height at which an adherent liquid rises in a capillary tube is ............................... 3 3
proportional to its radius. 4 4
d) In the n-type semiconductor, the minority carriers are ........................................................... 5 5
) Isotope of iodine contains.........................neutrons.
2 Establish (by using arrows) the correspondence between the following physical quantities and L L
the physical units they represent: 0 0
Buoyant Force (Archimedes Force) kΩ 1 1
2 2
Moment of force (Torque) dimensionless
3 3
Magnetic field mJ/C
4 4
Capacitive reactance kN∙m
5 5
Refractive index mT
N
3 Determine the truth value of the following statements, choosing T if the statement is true and L L
F if the statement is false: 0 0
a) All mechanical waves are longitudinal waves. T F 1 1
b) When adiabatic expansion the temperature decreases. T F 2 2
c) The capacitance of the capacitor depends on the electrical voltage between T F 3 3
its armatures. 4 4
6 Item 6 is composed of two statements, linked by the conjunction “because”. Establish if the L L
statements are true (by writing T), or false (by writing F), as well as whether a “cause-effect” 0 0
relationship exists between them (by writing “yes” or “no”). 1 1
2 2
The magnetic field is swirling, because the magnetic field lines are closed.
3 3
ANSWER: I statement ; II statement ; “cause-effect” relationship .
7 Find the acceleration of the object on the inclined plane shown in the figure. L L
The coefficient of friction is μ = 0,2. Constants: g=10N/kg, cos 370≈0,8, sin370≈0,6. 0 0
SOLUTION: 1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
9 It is a system formed by a spring, that is coupled to the middle of a linear conductor and a charged L L
sphere. The spring is uncompressed, weightlessness and insulating. The linear conductor represents 0 0 a
horizontal bar perpendicular to the plane of the figure. The length of conductor is l = 10 cm and it 1 1 is
cured by a current I = 100A. The charge of sphere is q = + 1mC. At one moment upon the 2 2
⃗⃗
conductor is applied an uniform magnetic field , and upon the sphere actions an uniform electric 3 3
field................... At the result the spring is expanded, remaining in horizontal position. Find the 4 4
5 5
value of ⃗⃗ . SOLUTION: 6 6
III. FOR ITEMS 10-12 PROVIDE THE FULL SOLUTION FOR THE PROPOSED PROBLEMS
10 Two electromagnetic radiations with frequencies and are successively L L
transmitted to the surface of a metal. The maximum kinetic energy of the ejected electrons in the 0 0
second case is k = 2 times higher than in the first. Find the cut-off frequency. 1 1
SOLUTION: 2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
Fundamental constants
√ √
ELECTRODYNAMICS
| | ⃗
√ √
MODERN PHYSICS